The invention provides a polishing device for a robot-terminal flexible motorized spindle, comprising a quick-change male disc, a quick-change female disc, a terminal flange, a flexible flange, an auto-locking mechanism, a motorized spindle clamping device and a motorized spindle that are connected in succession; the quick-change male disc and the quick-change female disc are detachably connected; the motorized spindle clamping device is detachably connected with the auto-locking mechanism. By introducing the flexible flange, it is possible to control and adjust in real time, nominal force for the motorized spindle during polishing; automatic polishing by robot replacing labor is achieved, and the problem that a severe field environment for polishing causes health damage to workers is solved; the polishing device has constant polishing force, the matching problem between a robot fixed processing path and a workpiece tolerance is solved, stable polishing process parameters are maintained, high bearing capacity and stability of a robot are made full use, polishing efficiency is improved greatly, consumables cost is reduced, the service life of tooling is prolonged, and homogenous high-level polishing quality is guaranteed.