Foundation brake device, axle and rail vehicle

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, providing a basic braking device, an axle, and a rail vehicle. The basic braking device is disposed between the steering knuckle and the wheel hub. It includes a brake disc and a brake caliper. The brake disc is fixedly mounted on the wheel hub, with its axis coinciding with the wheel hub's axis. The brake caliper is fixedly mounted on the steering knuckle and includes a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder. The pair of brake pads are distributed on both sides of the brake disc along its axial direction. The brake cylinder is adapted to drive the pair of brake pads closer to or further away from the brake disc. By placing the brake disc and brake caliper between the steering knuckle and the wheel hub, the space between them is fully utilized. Furthermore, the transverse arrangement of the brake disc and brake caliper along the bogie reduces the longitudinal space occupied by the bogie, resulting in a more compact structure suitable for installation on bogies with limited space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and provides a basic braking device, axle, and rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The basic braking device is the actuator used in rail vehicles to stop trains. Its working principle mainly relies on the lever principle and friction. When the braking system issues a braking command, the piston in the brake cylinder moves under the drive of compressed air or hydraulic pressure. The braking force is amplified by the force amplification mechanism and transmitted to the brake shoes or brake pads. After being subjected to braking force, the brake shoes or brake pads press against the wheel treads or brake discs, generating friction to decelerate and stop the train, thereby ensuring a safe and stable stop.

[0003] In related technologies, basic braking devices consist of brake discs and brake calipers. Generally, the brake discs are mounted on the axles, and the brake calipers are mounted on the crossbeams of the frame. The structure is dispersed and occupies a large space along the longitudinal direction of the bogie. In particular, basic braking devices with high braking torque and heavy axle loads are large in size and occupy a large space, making them unsuitable for installation on bogies with limited space.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problem that the basic braking device in the prior art is not suitable for installation on bogies with limited space has become an important technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a basic braking device, an axle, and a rail vehicle to address the shortcomings of existing basic braking devices that are unsuitable for installation on bogies in confined spaces.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a basic braking device disposed between a steering knuckle and a wheel hub, the basic braking device comprising:

[0007] A brake disc is fixedly mounted on the wheel hub, and the axis of the brake disc coincides with the axis of the wheel hub.

[0008] A brake caliper is fixedly mounted on the steering knuckle. The brake caliper includes a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder. Two of the pair of brake pads are distributed on both sides of the brake disc along the axial direction of the brake disc. The brake cylinder is adapted to drive the pair of brake pads closer to or further away from the brake disc.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0010] The first locating pin has a first pin hole on the brake disc and a second pin hole on the wheel hub. The axes of the first pin hole and the second pin hole are parallel to the axis of the brake disc. The first pin hole and the second pin hole are both interference-fitted with the first locating pin.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0012] The first ejector component has a first ejector hole on the brake disc, the axis of the first ejector hole is parallel to the axis of the brake disc, the first ejector component is threadedly connected to the first ejector hole, and the end of the first ejector component is adapted to abut against the wheel hub.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0014] A mounting plate is disposed between the brake caliper and the steering knuckle. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the steering knuckle, and the brake caliper is fixedly connected to the mounting plate.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0016] A brake pad wear detection mechanism is disposed on the brake caliper, and the brake pad wear detection mechanism is adapted to detect the wear amount of the brake pad.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the brake pad includes a brake pad body and a back plate, the brake pad body being fixedly disposed on the back plate; the brake pad wear detection mechanism includes:

[0018] A light detection element is disposed in the gate plate body, and the distance between the light detection element and the back plate is a preset distance. The light detection element is suitable for detecting light signals.

[0019] The early warning module is suitable for issuing early warning prompts;

[0020] The controller is electrically connected to both the light detection element and the early warning module. The controller is adapted to control the operation of the early warning module based on the light signal detected by the light detection element.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0022] The speed measuring mechanism is adapted to detect the rotational speed of the brake disc and the wheel hub.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the speed measuring mechanism includes:

[0024] A gear ring is fixedly mounted on the brake disc, the axis of the gear ring coincides with the axis of the brake disc, and the side of the gear ring facing the steering knuckle is provided with teeth evenly distributed along the circumference of the gear ring.

[0025] A speed sensor is fixedly mounted on the steering knuckle, with the sensing end of the speed sensor facing the teeth of the gear ring.

[0026] A second aspect of the present invention provides an axle including the basic braking device described above.

[0027] A third aspect of the present invention provides a rail vehicle including the aforementioned basic braking device, or including the aforementioned axle.

[0028] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects.

[0029] According to a first aspect embodiment of the present invention, a basic braking device is disposed between a steering knuckle and a wheel hub. The basic braking device includes a brake disc and a brake caliper. The brake disc is fixedly disposed on the wheel hub, and the axis of the brake disc coincides with the axis of the wheel hub, causing the brake disc and the wheel hub to rotate synchronously. The brake caliper is fixedly disposed on the steering knuckle and is used to interact with the brake disc. The brake caliper includes a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder. The pair of brake pads are distributed on both sides of the brake disc along the axial direction of the brake disc. The brake cylinder is used to drive the pair of brake pads closer to or further away from the brake disc. When the pair of brake pads are close to the brake disc, they can clamp the brake disc and generate frictional force on the brake disc, thereby achieving braking of the wheel hub. When the pair of brake pads are far from the brake disc, the brake pads disengage from the brake disc, thereby releasing the brakes. This configuration places the brake disc and brake caliper between the steering knuckle and the wheel hub, making full use of the space between them. Furthermore, the arrangement of the brake disc and brake caliper along the transverse direction of the bogie reduces the space occupied in the longitudinal direction of the bogie, resulting in a more compact structure. This design is suitable for installation on bogies with limited space and has strong adaptability, solving the problem that existing basic braking devices are not suitable for installation on bogies with limited space.

[0030] The axle provided according to the second aspect of the present invention also has the advantage of a compact structure because it has the basic braking device described above.

[0031] The rail vehicle provided according to the third aspect of the present invention also has the advantage of a compact structure because it has the basic braking device or axle as described above. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the axle structure provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of point X in the middle.

[0035] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of point Y in the middle.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the brake disc and the wheel hub provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first connecting bolt, the first ejector, and the first locating pin on the brake disc provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the brake pad wear detection mechanism provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the placement of the optical detection element on the gate plate provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the speed sensor provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the second connecting bolt, the second ejector, the second locating pin, and the third connecting bolt on the mounting plate provided by the present invention.

[0042] Figure label:

[0043] 1. Steering knuckle; 2. Wheel hub; 3. Brake disc; 4. First locating pin; 5. First ejector pin; 6. Mounting plate; 7. Brake pad body; 8. Backing plate; 9. Optical detection element; 10. Gear ring; 11. Speed ​​sensor; 12. First connecting bolt; 13. Mounting base; 14. Elastic bushing; 15. Brake caliper; 16. Second connecting bolt; 17. Second locating pin; 18. Second ejector pin; 19. Third connecting bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0047] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0048] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0049] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 9 The basic braking device of the present invention is described.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a first aspect of the present invention provides a basic braking device disposed between a steering knuckle 1 and a wheel hub 2. The basic braking device includes a brake disc 3 and a brake caliper 15.

[0051] Specifically, the brake disc 3 is fixedly mounted on the wheel hub 2, and the axis of the brake disc 3 coincides with the axis of the wheel hub 2, so that the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2 rotate synchronously.

[0052] The brake caliper 15 is used to interact with the brake disc 3. The brake caliper 15 is fixedly mounted on the steering knuckle 1. Both the brake caliper 15 and the wheel hub 2 can rotate synchronously with the steering knuckle 1. The relative position of the brake caliper 15 and the brake disc 3 will not change with the steering knuckle 1, so as to ensure that the rail vehicle can be effectively braked when turning.

[0053] The brake caliper 15 includes a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder. The two brake pads are distributed on both sides of the brake disc 3 along the axial direction of the brake disc 3. The brake cylinder is used to drive the pair of brake pads to move closer to or away from the brake disc 3.

[0054] A pair of brake pads are positioned close to the brake disc 3, clamping it and generating friction to brake the disc 3, thereby braking the wheel hub 2. During braking, the brake caliper 15 applies braking force to the brake disc 3 fixed to the wheel hub 2, transmitting the braking force to the wheel and thus braking the vehicle.

[0055] When a pair of brake pads move away from the brake disc 3, the brake pads lose contact with the brake disc 3, thereby releasing the brake.

[0056] This configuration, with the brake disc 3 and brake caliper 15 positioned between the steering knuckle 1 and the wheel hub 2, makes full use of the space between the brake disc 3 and brake caliper 15. Furthermore, the arrangement of the brake disc 3 and brake caliper 15 along the transverse direction of the bogie reduces the space occupied in the longitudinal direction of the bogie, resulting in a more compact structure. This design is suitable for installation on both bogies with larger and smaller spaces, demonstrating strong adaptability and solving the problem that the basic braking device in the prior art is not suitable for installation on bogies with limited space.

[0057] It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention uses a pneumatic disc brake caliper 15, which consists of an air chamber, a wear compensation mechanism, brake pads and a bracket. The wear compensation mechanism can keep the friction pair clearance constant and ensure the stability of the maximum braking torque.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, a first connecting hole can be provided on the wheel hub 2, and a second connecting hole can be provided on the brake disc 3. The positions of the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole are corresponding, and the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2 are fixedly connected together by the first connecting bolt 12.

[0059] Specifically, eight first connecting holes are provided on the wheel hub 2, and the eight first connecting holes are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the wheel hub 2. Eight second connecting holes are provided on the brake disc 3, and the eight second connecting holes are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the brake disc 3. The brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2 are fastened together by eight first connecting bolts 12, and each first connecting bolt 12 can withstand shear force during braking.

[0060] In a further embodiment, the basic braking device also includes a first locating pin 4. A first pin hole is provided on the brake disc 3, and a second pin hole is provided on the wheel hub 2. The axes of the first pin hole and the second pin hole are both parallel to the axis of the brake disc 3, and the positions of the first pin hole and the second pin hole correspond. The axis of the first pin hole coincides with the axis of the second pin hole. The first locating pin 4 is located within the first pin hole and the second pin hole, and both the first pin hole and the second pin hole are interference-fitted with the first locating pin 4.

[0061] With this configuration, the first locating pin 4 can also withstand shear force during braking, ensuring the relative stability of the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2, increasing the maximum allowable braking torque, and ensuring the reliability of the brake disc 3 under the maximum braking torque.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, four first pin holes are provided on the brake disc 3, and the four first pin holes are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the brake disc 3. Four second pin holes are provided on the wheel hub 2, and the four second pin holes are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the wheel hub 2. Four first positioning pins 4 are provided, and one first positioning pin 4 is provided in each of the first pin holes and second pin holes.

[0063] To facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the brake disc 3, in a further embodiment, the basic braking device also includes a first top-removal component 5.

[0064] A first ejector hole is provided on the brake disc 3, and the axis of the first ejector hole is parallel to the axis of the brake disc 3. The first ejector component 5 is threadedly connected to the first ejector hole, and the end of the first ejector component 5 can abut against the wheel hub 2.

[0065] When disassembling the brake disc 3, first remove the first connecting bolt 12 from the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2. Then, install the first ejector 5 into the first ejector hole on the brake disc 3. Tighten the first ejector 5 to gradually increase the clamping force of the first ejector 5 on the wheel hub 2 until the clamping force of the first ejector 5 on the wheel hub 2 overcomes the interference fit between the first locating pin 4 and the first pin hole or overcomes the interference fit between the first locating pin 4 and the second pin hole. Then the brake disc 3 can be separated from the wheel hub 2, thereby removing the brake disc 3.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, a bolt can be selected as the first unloading component 5 mentioned above.

[0067] In this embodiment of the invention, to facilitate the installation of the brake caliper 15 on the steering knuckle 1, the basic braking device further includes a mounting plate 6, which is disposed on the side of the steering knuckle 1 near the wheel hub 2. The mounting plate 6 is disposed between the brake caliper 15 and the steering knuckle 1, and is fixedly connected to the steering knuckle 1. The brake caliper 15 is also fixedly connected to the mounting plate 6.

[0068] A mounting plate 6 is provided on the steering knuckle 1 to provide a mounting position for the brake caliper 15, so as to ensure that the position of the brake caliper 15 is adapted to the position of the brake disc 3.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, the brake mounting structure in this embodiment further includes a second connecting bolt 16 for the connection structure between the mounting plate 6 and the steering knuckle 1. A third connecting hole can be provided on the steering knuckle 1, and a fourth connecting hole can be provided on the mounting plate 6. The positions of the third and fourth connecting holes correspond, and the mounting plate 6 and the steering knuckle 1 are fixedly connected together using the second connecting bolt 16. Specifically, six fourth connecting holes are provided on the mounting plate 6, spaced apart around the axis of the brake disc 3, and six third connecting holes are provided on the steering knuckle 1, spaced apart around the axis of the brake disc 3. The mounting plate 6 and the steering knuckle 1 are fastened together using six second connecting bolts 16.

[0070] For the connection structure between the mounting plate 6 and the brake caliper 15, the brake caliper 15 and the mounting plate 6 can be fastened together using six third connecting bolts 19.

[0071] By combining the aforementioned second connecting bolts 16 and third connecting bolts 19, the installation strength and function of the brake caliper 15 can be ensured.

[0072] In a further embodiment, the brake mounting structure also includes a second locating pin 17.

[0073] A third pin hole is provided on the mounting plate 6, and a fourth pin hole is provided on the steering knuckle 1. The axis of the third pin hole coincides with the axis of the fourth pin hole. The second positioning pin 17 is located in the third pin hole and the fourth pin hole, and both the third pin hole and the fourth pin hole are interference-fitted with the second positioning pin 17.

[0074] With this configuration, the second locating pin 17 can also withstand shear force during braking, ensuring the relative stability of the mounting plate 6 and the steering knuckle 1, increasing the maximum allowable braking torque, and ensuring the reliability of the mounting plate 6 under the maximum braking torque.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, four third pin holes are provided on the mounting plate 6, and the four third pin holes are distributed at intervals around the axis of the brake disc 3. Four fourth pin holes are provided on the steering knuckle 1, and the four fourth pin holes are distributed at intervals around the axis of the brake disc 3. Four second positioning pins 17 are provided, and one second positioning pin 17 is provided in each of the third pin holes and the fourth pin holes.

[0076] To facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the mounting plate 6, in a further embodiment, the brake mounting structure also includes a second top-removal component 18.

[0077] A second ejection hole is provided on the mounting plate 6, and the axis of the second ejection hole is perpendicular to the mounting plate 6. The second ejection component 18 is threadedly connected to the second ejection hole, and the end of the second ejection component 18 can abut against the steering knuckle 1.

[0078] When disassembling the mounting plate 6, first remove the second connecting bolt 16 from the mounting plate 6 and the steering knuckle 1. Then, install the second ejector 18 into the second ejector hole on the mounting plate 6. Tighten the second ejector 18 to gradually increase the clamping force of the second ejector 18 on the steering knuckle 1 until the clamping force of the second ejector 18 on the steering knuckle 1 overcomes the interference fit force between the second locating pin 17 and the third pin hole or overcomes the interference fit force between the second locating pin 17 and the fourth pin hole. Then the mounting plate 6 can be separated from the steering knuckle 1, thereby removing the mounting plate 6.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, a bolt can be selected as the second unloading component 18.

[0080] In this embodiment, the brake disc 3 is made of aluminum alloy, which helps reduce the weight of the basic braking device and promotes lightweight design. The brake disc 3 can be formed by integral casting.

[0081] In this embodiment of the invention, the basic braking device further includes a brake pad wear detection mechanism, which is disposed on the brake caliper 15 and is used to detect the wear of the brake pads in real time. By monitoring the wear of the brake pads through the brake pad wear detection mechanism, the brake pads can be replaced in time before they wear out excessively, avoiding problems such as poor braking effect or even ineffective braking caused by excessive brake pad wear.

[0082] In this embodiment, the brake pad includes a brake pad body 7 and a back plate 8. The brake pad body 7 is fixedly mounted on the back plate 8. The brake cylinder drives the back plates 8 of a pair of brake pads to move closer or further away from each other, thereby causing the brake pad bodies 7 to move closer or further away from each other, so as to clamp or release the brake disc 3.

[0083] Specifically, the back plate 8 and the brake pad body 7 can be integrally die-cast together. The brake pad body 7 is made of wear-resistant synthetic material, which can ensure the stability of the friction coefficient of the friction pair.

[0084] The brake pad wear detection mechanism includes a light detection element 9, an early warning module, and a controller.

[0085] The optical detection element 9 is located inside the gate body 7 and is used to detect optical signals.

[0086] The distance between the optical detection element 9 and the backplate 8 is a preset distance. In the early stages of wear of the gate body 7, the optical detection element 9 is located inside the gate body 7 and cannot detect the optical signal. When the gate body 7 wears to a certain extent, the optical detection element 9 will be exposed from the gate body 7, thus enabling the optical detection element 9 to detect the optical signal. When the optical detection element 9 can detect the optical signal, it indicates that the gate body 7 has worn to its limit and needs to be replaced in time.

[0087] The early warning module can issue early warning prompts. Both the optical detection element 9 and the early warning module are electrically connected to the controller. The controller can control the early warning module to operate based on the optical signal detected by the optical detection element 9. Specifically, after the optical detection element 9 detects the optical signal, it converts it into an electrical signal. The controller can acquire this electrical signal and control the early warning module to issue an early warning prompt based on the electrical signal, so as to remind the staff to replace the brake pad body 7 in time.

[0088] The aforementioned optical detection element 9 can be a photoelectric sensor. When the gate body 7 is worn to its limit position, the photoelectric sensor detects the optical signal and generates an electrical signal.

[0089] The aforementioned photodetector 9 can be, but is not limited to, a BPW sensor of model SS-JZL1-BPWCGQ. A BPW sensor is a photoelectric sensor that operates through the photoelectric effect, capable of sensing light signals within a specific wavelength range and converting them into electrical signals for output. It is primarily used to detect the intensity, frequency, or other optical characteristics of light, and to achieve the measurement and control of light signals in various applications.

[0090] For the installation of the optical detection element 9 on the gate plate body 7, a mounting groove can be provided on the gate plate body 7, the optical detection element 9 can be embedded in the mounting groove, and the optical detection element 9 can be snapped into the gate plate body 7. The optical detection element 9 is connected to the gate plate body 7 by snapping, which facilitates the installation, removal and replacement of the optical detection element 9.

[0091] The warning module can be a display, a voice alarm, or a light alarm. When a display is selected as the warning module, the warning message can be displayed on the screen. When a voice alarm or a light alarm is selected as the warning module, staff can be alerted through voice or flashing lights.

[0092] In some implementations, the vehicle's TMS system can be used as the aforementioned controller, allowing the light detection element 9 and the warning module to be directly electrically connected to the TMS system, thus avoiding the need to set up a separate controller for the basic braking device.

[0093] In this embodiment of the invention, the basic braking device further includes a speed measuring mechanism, which is used to detect the rotational speed of the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2, so as to facilitate the determination of the travel speed of the rail vehicle.

[0094] The speed measuring mechanism includes a gear ring 10 and a speed sensor 11. The gear ring 10 is fixedly mounted on the brake disc 3. The axis of the gear ring 10 coincides with the axis of the brake disc 3. The gear ring 10 can rotate synchronously with the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2.

[0095] Specifically, the gear ring 10 can be fastened to the brake disc 3 using the fourth connecting bolt.

[0096] The gear ring 10 has teeth on the side facing the steering knuckle 1, and the teeth are evenly distributed around the circumference of the gear ring 10. Figure 2 The speed sensor 11 is fixedly mounted on the steering knuckle 1, with its sensing end facing the teeth of the gear ring 10. When the brake disc 3 rotates synchronously with the wheel hub 2, the speed sensor 11 can detect the number of teeth it passes, thereby determining the angle of rotation of the brake disc 3 and the gear ring 10, and thus determining the speed of the rail vehicle.

[0097] Specifically, the speed sensor 11 can be fixed to the mounting plate 6 using bolts. A mounting base 13 can be provided on the mounting plate 6, and the mounting base 13 is fixed to the mounting plate 6 using bolts. The mounting base 13 has mounting holes for mounting the speed sensor 11, and an elastic bushing 14 is provided inside the mounting holes. The speed sensor 11 is snapped into the mounting holes of the mounting base 13 through the elastic bushing 14. (Refer to...) Figure 8 .

[0098] When installing the speed sensor 11 and the gear ring 10, it is necessary to ensure that there is a gap between the sensing end of the speed sensor 11 and the gear ring 10. This gap can be controlled within the range of 0.6 to 0.8 mm. Specifically, the gap between the sensing end of the speed sensor 11 and the gear ring 10 can be 0.7 mm.

[0099] In summary, the basic braking device provided in this embodiment of the invention is located between the steering knuckle 1 and the wheel hub 2, featuring a compact structure suitable for installation on both large and small bogies, demonstrating strong adaptability. Furthermore, the basic braking device in this embodiment integrates a brake pad wear detection mechanism and a speed measuring mechanism, enabling real-time detection of driving speed and brake pad wear, thus avoiding poor braking performance or even ineffective braking due to excessive brake pad wear.

[0100] A second aspect of the present invention provides an axle including the aforementioned basic braking device. The basic braking device provided in the above embodiment has a compact structure and occupies little space in the longitudinal direction of the bogie, making it suitable for installation on both bogies with large and small spaces. Therefore, the axle in this embodiment has the advantage of a compact structure.

[0101] The derivation process of the beneficial effects of the axle in the embodiments of the present invention is largely similar to the derivation process of the beneficial effects of the basic braking device described above, so it will not be repeated here.

[0102] A third aspect of the present invention provides a rail vehicle including the aforementioned basic braking device, or including the aforementioned axle. The basic braking device provided in the above embodiments has a compact structure and occupies little space in the longitudinal direction of the bogie, making it suitable for installation on both bogies with large and small spaces. Therefore, the vehicle in this embodiment has the advantage of a compact structure.

[0103] The derivation process of the beneficial effects of the rail vehicle in the embodiments of the present invention is largely similar to the derivation process of the beneficial effects of the basic braking device or the axle described above, so it will not be repeated here.

[0104] The rail vehicle provided in the third aspect of the present invention can be a high-speed train, a bullet train, an urban rail train, etc.

[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A basic braking device, characterized in that, The basic braking device, located between the steering knuckle and the wheel hub, includes: A brake disc is fixedly mounted on the wheel hub, and the axis of the brake disc coincides with the axis of the wheel hub. A brake caliper is fixedly mounted on the steering knuckle. The brake caliper includes a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder. The two of the pair of brake pads are distributed on both sides of the brake disc along the axial direction of the brake disc. The brake cylinder is adapted to drive the pair of brake pads closer to or further away from the brake disc. The brake pad includes a brake pad body and a back plate. The brake pad body is fixedly mounted on the back plate. A brake pad wear detection mechanism is disposed in the brake caliper and is adapted to detect the wear amount of the brake pad. The brake pad wear detection mechanism includes a light detection element, an early warning module, and a controller. The light detection element is disposed in the brake pad body, and the distance between the light detection element and the back plate is a preset distance. The light detection element is adapted to detect light signals, and the early warning module is adapted to issue an early warning prompt. Both the light detection element and the early warning module are electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is adapted to control the operation of the early warning module according to the light signal detected by the light detection element.

2. The basic braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The first locating pin has a first pin hole on the brake disc and a second pin hole on the wheel hub. The axes of the first pin hole and the second pin hole are parallel to the axis of the brake disc. The first pin hole and the second pin hole are both interference-fitted with the first locating pin.

3. The basic braking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The first ejector component has a first ejector hole on the brake disc, the axis of the first ejector hole is parallel to the axis of the brake disc, the first ejector component is threadedly connected to the first ejector hole, and the end of the first ejector component is adapted to abut against the wheel hub.

4. The basic braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A mounting plate is disposed between the brake caliper and the steering knuckle. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the steering knuckle, and the brake caliper is fixedly connected to the mounting plate.

5. The basic braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The speed measuring mechanism is adapted to detect the rotational speed of the brake disc and the wheel hub.

6. The basic braking device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The speed measuring mechanism includes: A gear ring is fixedly mounted on the brake disc, the axis of the gear ring coincides with the axis of the brake disc, and the side of the gear ring facing the steering knuckle is provided with teeth evenly distributed along the circumference of the gear ring. A speed sensor is fixedly mounted on the steering knuckle, with the sensing end of the speed sensor facing the teeth of the gear ring.

7. An axle, characterized in that, Includes the basic braking device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the basic braking device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, or the axle as described in claim 7.

Images