A device and method for measuring a concentration threshold of a poisoning gas for a fuel cell

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of device and method for calculating the concentration threshold of impurity gas poisoning fuel cell, device includes: fuel cell integrated control module, anode gas supply module, cathode gas supply module, impurity gas supply module, nitrogen supply module, fuel cell module to be measured;Anode gas supply module, cathode gas supply module, impurity gas supply module, nitrogen supply module are connected with fuel cell module to be measured by pipeline respectively;Anode gas supply module, cathode gas supply module, impurity gas supply module, nitrogen supply module are connected with fuel cell integrated control module in communication respectively;Fuel cell integrated control module includes: fuel cell temperature sensor, fuel cell heating device, electronic load, data acquisition and integrated control unit.Compared with prior art, the present application is high in the accuracy of test data, test is simple, fast, low in cost, and can evaluate the poisoning effect of different concentration impurity gas on fuel cell from multiple aspects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to an apparatus and method for calculating the concentration threshold of impurity gases that poison fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy boasts advantages such as zero carbon, zero pollution, and high calorific value, making it of significant research value for the future transition to clean energy. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are favored by researchers due to their zero emissions, low noise, and high efficiency. However, they have high requirements for hydrogen and air quality; harmful gases in the airflow (such as sulfides, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia) can poison the fuel cell catalyst and other key materials, causing a decline in fuel cell performance and lifespan. Fuel cell air filters are considered the most effective way to mitigate the impact of impurity gases on fuel cells, but currently, they face the problem of unsatisfactory adsorption effects. One of the key factors limiting the improvement of adsorption performance is the unclear concentration threshold and mechanism of impurity gas poisoning of the fuel cell, making it difficult to improve air filter elements for different impurity gases. Therefore, it is necessary to build a fuel cell poisoning test device to construct experimental gases of different types and concentrations of impurity gases and calculate the concentration threshold for poisoning the fuel cell to guide the optimized design of filter element materials and structures. However, existing testing devices and methods suffer from low accuracy and complex testing processes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an apparatus and method for measuring the concentration threshold of impurity gas poisoning in fuel cells. The test data is highly accurate, and the test is simple, fast, and low-cost. It can evaluate the poisoning effect of different concentrations of impurity gas on fuel cells from multiple perspectives.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] This invention provides a device for calculating the concentration threshold of impurity gas poisoning in a fuel cell, comprising: a fuel cell integrated control module, an anode gas supply module, a cathode gas supply module, an impurity gas supply module, and a nitrogen supply module;

[0006] The anode gas supply module, cathode gas supply module, impurity gas supply module, and nitrogen supply module are connected to the fuel cell module under test via pipelines; the anode gas supply module, cathode gas supply module, impurity gas supply module, and nitrogen supply module are also connected to the fuel cell integrated control module via communication.

[0007] The integrated control module for fuel cells includes: a fuel cell temperature sensor, a fuel cell heating device, an electronic load, and a data acquisition and integrated control unit. The data acquisition and integrated control unit is communicatively connected to the fuel cell temperature sensor, the fuel cell heating device, and the electronic load, respectively. The data acquisition and integrated control unit calculates the concentration threshold of impurity gases that poison the fuel cell in the short term by analyzing the performance degradation and impedance changes of the fuel cell module under test under different impurity gas concentrations.

[0008] A fuel cell temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the fuel cell, acquiring temperature information of the fuel cell module under test (FUT). A fuel cell heating device regulates the operating temperature of the FUT module. An electronic load simulates the load, testing the performance and stability of the FUT module under different loads by providing varying load currents. A data acquisition and integrated control unit collects and processes data from the fuel cell temperature sensor, heating device, and electronic load in real time, and executes integrated control and protection strategies. The fuel cell integrated control module controls the FUT module's temperature, intake flow rate, humidity, back pressure, electronic load, and other test conditions, as well as data acquisition and storage.

[0009] Furthermore, the anode gas supply module includes, in sequence, a hydrogen tank, an anode manual valve, an anode pressure reducing valve, an anode mass flow meter, an anode humidifier temperature sensor, an anode humidifier, an anode inlet pressure sensor, an anode nitrogen tee, an anode gas heating belt, an anode inlet temperature sensor, and, in sequence, an anode exhaust pressure sensor, an anode back pressure valve, and an anode exhaust gas processor. The anode inlet temperature sensor is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell module under test, and the anode exhaust pressure sensor is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell module under test. The anode gas supply module can provide the anode with the hydrogen required for the fuel cell module under test during operation and can control the pressure, flow rate, temperature, humidity, and back pressure of the hydrogen pipeline.

[0010] Furthermore, the cathode gas supply module includes, in sequence, an air compressor, a cathode manual valve, an air filter, a cathode pressure reducing valve, a cathode mass flow meter, a cathode humidifier temperature sensor, a cathode humidifier, a cathode inlet pressure sensor, a cathode nitrogen tee, a cathode impurity gas tee, a cathode gas heating belt, a cathode inlet temperature sensor, and, in sequence, a cathode exhaust pressure sensor, a cathode back pressure valve, and a cathode exhaust gas processor. The cathode inlet temperature sensor is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell module under test, and the cathode exhaust pressure sensor is connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell module under test.

[0011] The cathode gas supply module can provide the air required by the cathode of the fuel cell module under test during operation, and realize the control of cathode gas pipeline pressure, air flow, temperature, humidity and back pressure.

[0012] Furthermore, the impurity gas supply module includes an impurity gas storage tank, an impurity gas manual valve, an impurity gas pressure reducing valve, an impurity gas mass flow meter, and an impurity gas check valve connected in sequence. The impurity gas check valve is connected to the cathode impurity gas tee of the cathode gas supply module.

[0013] The impurity gas supply module controls the flow rate of impurity gas through an impurity gas mass flow meter and mixes it with air in the pipeline to achieve the cathode gas configuration of the impurity gas concentration required for the experiment.

[0014] Furthermore, the nitrogen supply module includes a nitrogen tank, a nitrogen manual valve, a nitrogen pressure reducing valve, a nitrogen mass flow meter, a first nitrogen tee, and a second nitrogen tee connected in sequence. The first nitrogen tee is connected to the cathode nitrogen tee of the cathode gas supply module through a first nitrogen check valve, and the second nitrogen tee is connected to the anode nitrogen tee of the anode gas supply module through a second nitrogen check valve.

[0015] The nitrogen supply module can control the pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen gas pipeline, and provide the nitrogen required for the anode back pressure valve and cathode back pressure valve of the fuel cell module under test during operation. It can also provide nitrogen for the test platform during shutdown and purging.

[0016] Furthermore, the fuel cell module under test is a fuel cell composed of a single membrane electrode assembly or a fuel cell stack composed of membrane electrodes.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for calculating the concentration threshold of airborne impurity gases that poison a fuel cell using the apparatus described above, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. The fuel cell integrated control module sets the operating parameters of the fuel cell module under test according to the operating conditions to be tested.

[0019] S2. The fuel cell integrated control module controls the anode gas supply module, cathode supply module, impurity gas supply module and nitrogen supply module respectively according to the operating parameters, so as to control the inlet flow rate, temperature, humidity and back pressure of the anode and cathode, and to control the inlet pressure and flow rate of the impurity gas and the inlet pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen.

[0020] S3. Each pressure sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and electronic load sends the test data to the data acquisition and integrated control unit. The fuel cell integrated control module analyzes and judges whether the test data is normal.

[0021] S4. Before introducing impurity gas for poisoning, control the impurity gas flow rate to 0, and record the current, voltage, temperature, humidity, and back pressure data of the fuel cell module under test through the data acquisition and integrated control unit; after activating the fuel cell module under test, set the fuel cell module under test to operate stably within the predetermined operating conditions for a set time.

[0022] S5. Use an impurity gas mass flow meter to control the flow rate of the impurity gas and mix it with air in the pipeline to complete the configuration of the impurity gas at a predetermined concentration. Introduce cathode gas containing the impurity gas and make the fuel cell module under test run at the predetermined concentration for a set time.

[0023] S6. After the previous concentration of impurity gas poisoning is completed, perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test and record the impedance change of the fuel cell module under test after poisoning.

[0024] S7. The polarization curve of the fuel cell module under test is tested using programmable software according to the operating condition parameters, and the test data is recorded through the data acquisition and integrated control unit.

[0025] S8. By controlling the flow rate of impurity gas through the impurity gas mass flow meter to change the concentration of impurity gas at the cathode, repeat steps S5-S8 to complete the performance test of the fuel cell module under different concentrations of impurity gas.

[0026] S9. Analyze the performance degradation and impedance change of the fuel cell module under test under different impurity gas concentrations, and calculate the concentration threshold of the impurity gas that poisons the fuel cell in the short term.

[0027] Furthermore, in S4, after the fuel cell module under test is activated, the fuel cell module under test is set to operate stably under predetermined conditions for a set time of 60 minutes.

[0028] Furthermore, in S5, the fuel cell module under test is run at a predetermined concentration for a set time, which is 60-120 minutes.

[0029] Furthermore, in S6, after the previous concentration of impurity gas poisoning is completed, an electrochemical workstation is used to perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing.

[0030] The concentration threshold calculation method, along with its impurity gas concentration change sequence and precautions, is as follows:

[0031] (1) The initial concentration can be selected according to the air quality of the actual working scenario of the fuel cell test module, and the next concentration should be twice that of the previous test; or according to the concentration of impurity gas in the environment, and the test should be carried out in the following concentration sequence: 0ppb, 25ppb, 50ppb, 100ppb, 250ppb, 500ppb, 1ppm, 2ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm; the test can be terminated when the battery performance deteriorates significantly (or the deterioration rate reaches more than 10%).

[0032] (2) The flow rate of impurity gas should be within the accuracy range of the impurity gas mass flow meter and should not exceed 10% of the air flow rate during normal operation, so as to avoid excessive error caused by the large changes in cathode inlet temperature and humidity due to impurity gas; the flow rate can be made to meet the accuracy and maximum flow rate requirements by changing the concentration in the impurity gas storage tank.

[0033] (3) Before the experiment, it is necessary to ensure that other gases have been discharged from the impurity gas pipeline and that all of them are impurity gases, so as to ensure that the pipeline can generate the preset concentration of impurity gas in time when the impurity gas is introduced, so as to ensure the accuracy of the experiment.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] (1) The device of this invention includes a fuel cell integrated control module, an anode gas supply module, a cathode gas supply module, an impurity gas supply module, a nitrogen supply module, a fuel cell module under test, and an electrochemical workstation. Different atmospheric environments are provided through different gas paths. The fuel cell integrated control module can control the internal temperature of the fuel cell module under test in real time and control the changes in various physical quantities in the pipeline during the test. This invention integrates the impurity gas supply module and the gas supply module, enabling simultaneous and precise control of various physical quantities such as gas flow rate, temperature, humidity, current, and voltage in both the fuel cell module under test and the gas inlet module, ensuring the accuracy of the impurity gas poisoning test data.

[0036] (2) The concentration threshold testing method of the present invention can be tested using a single membrane electrode. The concentration of impurity gas is serialized and increased, and the concentration threshold of a certain impurity gas poisoning the fuel cell can be tested in one go. This avoids errors caused by the performance differences of the fuel cell itself and the assembly process, and has the advantages of simple testing, fast testing and low cost.

[0037] (3) During the calculation process, data such as current, voltage, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and polarization curves of the fuel cell module were collected during poisoning with different concentrations of impurity gases. This allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the poisoning effect of different concentrations of impurity gases on the fuel cell. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing is more conducive to explaining the mechanism by which impurity gases cause performance degradation in the fuel cell, thus providing a basis for preventing the poisoning of the fuel cell by these impurity gases. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for calculating the concentration threshold of airborne impurity gases that poison a fuel cell, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a voltage variation graph during poisoning with different concentrations of impurity gases according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 These are polarization curves of different concentrations of impurity gases after poisoning, according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 The images show Nyquist plots after poisoning with impurity gases of different concentrations according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure reference numerals: 1-Fuel cell integrated control module, 101-Fuel cell temperature sensor, 102-Fuel cell heating device, 103-Electronic load, 104-Data acquisition and integrated control unit; 2-Anode gas supply module, 201-Hydrogen tank, 202-Anode manual valve, 203-Anode pressure reducing valve, 204-Anode mass flow meter, 205-Anode humidifier temperature sensor, 206-Anode humidifier, 207-Anode inlet pressure sensor, 208-Anode nitrogen tee, 209-Anode gas heating belt, 210-Anode inlet temperature sensor, 211-Anode exhaust pressure sensor, 212-Anode back pressure valve, 213-Anode exhaust gas processor; 3-Cathode gas supply module, 301-Air compressor, 302-Cathode manual valve, 303-Air filter, 304-Cathode pressure reducing valve, 305-Cathode mass flow meter, 306- 307-Cathode humidifier temperature sensor, 308-Cathode inlet pressure sensor, 309-Cathode nitrogen tee, 310-Cathode impurity gas tee, 311-Cathode gas heating belt, 312-Cathode inlet temperature sensor, 313-Cathode exhaust pressure sensor, 314-Cathode back pressure valve, 315-Cathode exhaust gas processor; 4-Impurity gas supply module, 401-Impurity gas storage tank, 402-Impurity gas manual valve, 403-Impurity gas pressure reducing valve, 404-Impurity gas mass flow meter, 405-Impurity gas check valve; 5-Nitrogen supply module, 501-Nitrogen tank, 502-Nitrogen manual valve, 503-Nitrogen pressure reducing valve, 504-Nitrogen mass flow meter, 505-First nitrogen tee, 506-First nitrogen check valve, 507-Second nitrogen tee, 508-Second nitrogen check valve; 6-Fuel cell module under test. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms, and other features not explicitly described in this technical solution are considered common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a device for calculating the concentration threshold of impurity gases poisoning a fuel cell, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: fuel cell integrated control module 1, anode gas supply module 2, cathode gas supply module 3, impurity gas supply module 4, and nitrogen supply module 5;

[0046] Anode gas supply module 2, cathode gas supply module 3, impurity gas supply module 4, and nitrogen supply module 5 are respectively connected to the fuel cell module 6 under test via pipelines; Anode gas supply module 2, cathode gas supply module 3, impurity gas supply module 4, and nitrogen supply module 5 are respectively connected to the fuel cell integrated control module 1 for communication.

[0047] The fuel cell integrated control module 1 includes: a fuel cell temperature sensor 101, a fuel cell heating device 102, an electronic load 103, and a data acquisition and integrated control unit 104. The data acquisition and integrated control unit 104 is communicatively connected to the fuel cell temperature sensor 101, the fuel cell heating device 102, and the electronic load 103, respectively. The data acquisition and integrated control unit 104 calculates the concentration threshold of impurity gas that poisons the fuel cell in the short term by analyzing the performance degradation and impedance change of the fuel cell module 6 under different impurity gas concentrations.

[0048] The fuel cell temperature sensor 101 monitors the temperature of the fuel cell and acquires the temperature information of the fuel cell module 6 under test through measurement. The fuel cell heating device 102 regulates the operating temperature of the fuel cell module 6 under test. The electronic load 103 simulates a load; by providing different load currents, the performance and stability of the fuel cell module 6 under test can be tested under different loads. The data acquisition and integrated control unit 104 acquires and processes data from the fuel cell temperature sensor 101, fuel cell heating device 102, and electronic load 103 in real time, and executes integrated control and protection strategies. The fuel cell integrated control module 1 has the functions of controlling the test conditions of the fuel cell module under test, such as temperature, airflow, temperature, humidity, back pressure, and electronic load, as well as data acquisition and storage.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the anode gas supply module 2 includes, in sequence, a hydrogen tank 201, an anode manual valve 202, an anode pressure reducing valve 203, an anode mass flow meter 204, an anode humidifier temperature sensor 205, an anode humidifier 206, an anode inlet pressure sensor 207, an anode nitrogen tee 208, an anode gas heating belt 209, an anode inlet temperature sensor 210, and, in sequence, an anode exhaust pressure sensor 211, an anode back pressure valve 212, and an anode exhaust gas processor 213. The anode inlet temperature sensor 210 is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell module 6 under test, and the anode exhaust pressure sensor 211 is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell module 6 under test. The anode gas supply module 2 can provide the anode with the hydrogen required for operation of the fuel cell module 6 under test and can control the pressure, flow rate, temperature, humidity, and back pressure of the hydrogen pipeline.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, the cathode gas supply module 3 includes an air compressor 301, a cathode manual valve 302, an air filter 303, a cathode pressure reducing valve 304, a cathode mass flow meter 305, a cathode humidifier temperature sensor 306, a cathode humidifier 307, a cathode inlet pressure sensor 308, a cathode nitrogen tee 309, a cathode impurity gas tee 310, a cathode gas heating belt 311, a cathode inlet temperature sensor 312, and a cathode exhaust pressure sensor 313, a cathode back pressure valve 314, and a cathode exhaust gas processor 315 connected in sequence. The cathode inlet temperature sensor 312 is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell module 6 under test, and the cathode exhaust pressure sensor 313 is connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell module 6 under test.

[0051] The cathode gas supply module 3 can provide the air required by the cathode for the fuel cell module 6 under test during operation, and realize the control of cathode gas pipeline pressure, air flow, temperature, humidity and back pressure.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the impurity gas supply module 4 includes an impurity gas storage tank 401, an impurity gas manual valve 402, an impurity gas pressure reducing valve 403, an impurity gas mass flow meter 404, and an impurity gas check valve 405 connected in sequence. The impurity gas check valve 405 is connected to the cathode impurity gas tee 310 of the cathode gas supply module 3.

[0053] Impurity gas supply module 4 controls the impurity gas flow rate through impurity gas mass flow meter 404 and mixes it with air in the pipeline to achieve the cathode gas configuration of the impurity gas concentration required for the experiment.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the nitrogen supply module 5 includes a nitrogen tank 501, a nitrogen manual valve 502, a nitrogen pressure reducing valve 503, a nitrogen mass flow meter 504, a first nitrogen tee 505, and a second nitrogen tee 507 connected in sequence. The first nitrogen tee 505 is connected to the cathode nitrogen tee 309 of the cathode gas supply module 3 through a first nitrogen check valve 506, and the second nitrogen tee 507 is connected to the anode nitrogen tee 208 of the anode gas supply module 2 through a second nitrogen check valve 508.

[0055] The nitrogen supply module 5 can control the pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen gas pipeline, and provide the nitrogen required by the anode back pressure valve 212 and cathode back pressure valve 314 of the fuel cell module under test during operation. It can also provide nitrogen when the test platform is shut down for purging.

[0056] In a specific implementation, the fuel cell module 6 under test is a fuel cell composed of a single membrane electrode or a fuel cell stack composed of membrane electrodes.

[0057] This embodiment also provides a method for calculating the concentration threshold of airborne impurity gases that poison a fuel cell using the apparatus described above, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1. The fuel cell integrated control module 1 sets the operating parameters of the fuel cell module 6 under test according to the operating conditions to be tested.

[0059] S2. The fuel cell integrated control module 1 controls the anode gas supply module 2, cathode supply module 3, impurity gas supply module 4, and nitrogen supply module 5 respectively according to the operating parameters, so as to control the inlet flow rate, temperature, humidity, and back pressure of the anode and cathode, and to control the inlet pressure and flow rate of the impurity gas and the inlet pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen.

[0060] S3, each pressure sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor and electronic load 103 respectively send the test data to the data acquisition and integrated control unit 104, and the fuel cell integrated control module 1 analyzes and judges whether the test data is normal;

[0061] S4. Before introducing impurity gas for poisoning, control the impurity gas flow rate to 0, and record the current, voltage, temperature, humidity, and back pressure data of the fuel cell module 6 under test through the data acquisition and integrated control unit 104; after activating the fuel cell module 6 under test, set the fuel cell module 6 under test to run stably for 60 minutes under predetermined operating conditions.

[0062] S5. Use impurity gas mass flow meter 404 to control the flow rate of impurity gas and mix it with air in the pipeline to complete the configuration of impurity gas at a predetermined concentration. Introduce cathode gas containing impurity gas and run the fuel cell module 6 under test at a predetermined concentration for 60 minutes.

[0063] S6. After the previous concentration of impurity gas poisoning is completed, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test is performed using an electrochemical workstation to record the impedance change of the fuel cell module 6 under test after poisoning.

[0064] S7. The polarization curve of the fuel cell module 6 under test is tested using programmable software according to the operating condition parameters, and the test data is recorded by the data acquisition and integrated control unit 104.

[0065] S8. By controlling the impurity gas flow rate through the impurity gas mass flow meter 404 to change the cathode impurity gas concentration, repeat steps S5-S8 to complete the performance test of the fuel cell module 6 under different impurity gas concentrations.

[0066] S9. Analyze the performance degradation and impedance change of the fuel cell module 6 under different impurity gas concentrations, and calculate the concentration threshold of the impurity gas that poisons the fuel cell in the short term.

[0067] like Figure 2 The figure shows the changes in voltage, current, and impurity gas concentration of the fuel cell module 6 under test over time during the test period; as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the polarization curve and voltage decay of the fuel cell module under test (Module 6) during the test vary with the concentration of impurity gas. Figure 4 As shown, the Nyquist plot of the fuel cell module under test changes with the concentration of impurity gas during the test period.

[0068] comprehensive Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 The results show that the short-term tolerance concentration threshold of the fuel cell to this impurity gas is 250 ppb.

[0069] The concentration threshold calculation method, along with its impurity gas concentration change sequence and precautions, is as follows:

[0070] (1) The initial concentration can be selected according to the air quality of the actual working scenario of the fuel cell test module, and the next concentration should be twice that of the previous test; or according to the concentration of impurity gas in the environment, and the test should be carried out in the following concentration sequence: 0ppb, 25ppb, 50ppb, 100ppb, 250ppb, 500ppb, 1ppm, 2ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm; the test can be terminated when the battery performance deteriorates significantly (or the deterioration rate reaches more than 10%).

[0071] (2) The flow rate of the impurity gas should be within the accuracy range of the impurity gas mass flow meter 404, and should not exceed 10% of the air flow rate during normal operation, so as to avoid excessive error caused by the impurity gas causing excessive changes in cathode inlet temperature and humidity; the flow rate can be made to meet the accuracy and maximum flow rate requirements by changing the concentration in the impurity gas storage tank 401.

[0072] (3) Before the experiment, it is necessary to ensure that other gases have been discharged from the impurity gas pipeline and that all of them are impurity gases, so as to ensure that the pipeline can generate the preset concentration of impurity gas in time when the impurity gas is introduced, so as to ensure the accuracy of the experiment.

[0073] Components not described in detail in this embodiment are all existing components that can be purchased through public channels.

[0074] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for calculating the concentration threshold of impurity gas poisoning in a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: Fuel cell integrated control module (1), anode gas supply module (2), cathode gas supply module (3), impurity gas supply module (4), nitrogen supply module (5); The anode gas supply module (2), cathode gas supply module (3), impurity gas supply module (4), and nitrogen supply module (5) are respectively connected to the fuel cell module (6) under test through pipelines; the anode gas supply module (2), cathode gas supply module (3), impurity gas supply module (4), and nitrogen supply module (5) are respectively connected to the fuel cell integrated control module (1) for communication. The fuel cell integrated control module (1) includes: a fuel cell temperature sensor (101), a fuel cell heating device (102), an electronic load (103), and a data acquisition and integrated control unit (104); the data acquisition and integrated control unit (104) is communicatively connected to the fuel cell temperature sensor (101), the fuel cell heating device (102), and the electronic load (103), respectively; the data acquisition and integrated control unit (104) calculates the concentration threshold of impurity gas poisoning the fuel cell in a short period of time by analyzing the performance decay and impedance change of the fuel cell module (6) under different impurity gas concentrations. The anode gas supply module (2) includes a hydrogen tank (201), an anode manual valve (202), an anode pressure reducing valve (203), an anode mass flow meter (204), an anode humidifier temperature sensor (205), an anode humidifier (206), an anode inlet pressure sensor (207), an anode nitrogen tee (208), an anode gas heating belt (209), an anode inlet temperature sensor (210), and an anode exhaust pressure sensor (211), an anode back pressure valve (212), and an anode exhaust gas processor (213) connected in sequence. The anode inlet temperature sensor (210) is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell module (6) under test, and the anode exhaust pressure sensor (211) is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell module (6) under test. The cathode gas supply module (3) includes an air compressor (301), a cathode manual valve (302), an air filter (303), a cathode pressure reducing valve (304), a cathode mass flow meter (305), a cathode humidifier temperature sensor (306), a cathode humidifier (307), a cathode inlet pressure sensor (308), a cathode nitrogen tee (309), a cathode impurity gas tee (310), a cathode gas heating belt (311), a cathode inlet temperature sensor (312), and a cathode exhaust pressure sensor (313), a cathode back pressure valve (314), and a cathode exhaust gas processor (315) connected in sequence. The cathode inlet temperature sensor (312) is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell module (6) under test, and the cathode exhaust pressure sensor (313) is connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell module (6) under test. The impurity gas supply module (4) includes an impurity gas storage tank (401), an impurity gas manual valve (402), an impurity gas pressure reducing valve (403), an impurity gas mass flow meter (404), and an impurity gas check valve (405) connected in sequence. The impurity gas check valve (405) is connected to the cathode impurity gas tee (310) of the cathode gas supply module (3). The nitrogen supply module (5) includes a nitrogen tank (501), a nitrogen manual valve (502), a nitrogen pressure reducing valve (503), a nitrogen mass flow meter (504), a first nitrogen tee (505), and a second nitrogen tee (507) connected in sequence. The first nitrogen tee (505) is connected to the cathode nitrogen tee (309) of the cathode gas supply module (3) through a first nitrogen check valve (506), and the second nitrogen tee (507) is connected to the anode nitrogen tee (208) of the anode gas supply module (2) through a second nitrogen check valve (508). The fuel cell module under test (6) is a fuel cell composed of a single membrane electrode or a fuel cell stack composed of membrane electrodes.

2. A method for calculating the concentration threshold of airborne impurity gases that poison a fuel cell using the apparatus as described in any one of claims 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The fuel cell integrated control module (1) sets the operating parameters of the fuel cell module (6) under test according to the operating conditions to be tested; S2, Fuel cell integrated control module (1) controls the anode gas supply module (2), cathode supply module (3), impurity gas supply module (4) and nitrogen supply module (5) respectively according to the operating parameters, so as to realize the control of the anode and cathode inlet flow rate, temperature, humidity and back pressure, and the control of impurity gas inlet pressure and flow rate and nitrogen inlet pressure and flow rate; S3, each pressure sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor and electronic load (103) respectively send the test data to the data acquisition and integrated control unit (104), and the fuel cell integrated control module (1) analyzes and judges whether the test data is normal; S4. Before introducing impurity gas for poisoning, control the impurity gas flow rate to 0, and record the current, voltage, temperature, humidity and back pressure data of the fuel cell module (6) under test through the data acquisition and integrated control unit (104); after activating the fuel cell module (6) under test, set the fuel cell module (6) under test to run stably within the predetermined working conditions for a set time. S5. Use the impurity gas mass flow meter (404) to control the impurity gas flow rate and mix it with air in the pipeline to complete the configuration of the impurity gas at a predetermined concentration. Introduce cathode gas containing impurity gas and make the fuel cell module (6) under test run at a predetermined concentration for a set time. S6. After the previous concentration of impurity gas poisoning is completed, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test is performed, and the impedance change of the fuel cell module (6) under test after poisoning is recorded. S7. The polarization curve of the fuel cell module (6) under test is tested using programmable software according to the operating condition parameters, and the test data is recorded by the data acquisition and integrated control unit (104). S8. By controlling the flow rate of impurity gas through the impurity gas mass flow meter (404) to change the concentration of impurity gas at the cathode, repeat steps S5-S8 to complete the performance test of the fuel cell module (6) under different concentrations of impurity gas. S9. Analyze the performance degradation and impedance change of the fuel cell module (6) under different impurity gas concentrations, and calculate the concentration threshold of the impurity gas that poisons the fuel cell in the short term.

3. The method for calculating the concentration threshold of airborne impurity gases that poison a fuel cell, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... In S4, after the fuel cell module (6) under test is activated, the fuel cell module (6) under test is set to run stably under predetermined operating conditions for a set time of 60 minutes.

4. The method for calculating the concentration threshold of airborne impurity gases that poison a fuel cell, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... In S5, the fuel cell module (6) under test is run at a predetermined concentration for a set time, which is 60-120 minutes.

5. The method for calculating the concentration threshold of airborne impurity gases that poison a fuel cell, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... In S6, after the previous concentration of impurity gas poisoning is completed, an electrochemical workstation is used to perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing.

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