A scraper conveyor and a middle groove thereof based on ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding strengthening

Abstract

The invention discloses a scraper conveyor and a middle groove thereof based on ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding strengthening, and relates to the technical field of scraper conveyors. The scraper conveyor comprises a head portion, a chain assembly, a tension assembly, a guide assembly, a tail portion and a middle groove. A scraper is provided on the inner side of the chain assembly, a protective plate is connected to one side of the scraper, an elastic member is connected between the scraper and the protective plate, a first pressure sensor is provided at one end of the elastic member close to the scraper, and angle adjustment assemblies are connected at both ends of the scraper. In the process of the scraper driving the material to move, the invention detects the distribution of the material on the front side of the protective plate by the pressure sensor, and adjusts the inclination angle of the protective plate by the angle adjustment assembly, so that the material is evenly distributed to the other end of the protective plate during the conveying process, so that the material between the scrapers is kept even, thereby ensuring the uniform wear between the scraper and the middle plate, and improving the service life of the scraper conveyor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of scraper conveyors, in particular to a scraper conveyor and a middle groove thereof strengthened by ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding. Background Art

[0002] Scraper conveyor has the characteristics of long conveying distance, large conveying capacity and simple structure. It is widely used in the transportation of coal in the coal mining industry. Scraper conveyor transports coal materials from the feed port to the discharge port by driving the scraper with a chain. During long-term use, the middle trough is prone to wear and has a short service life.

[0003] A Chinese patent with publication number CN102092565A discloses a middle trough, which includes two trough sides respectively arranged on two opposite sides thereof and a middle plate fixedly connected between the two trough sides. A ceramic strip supporting the scraper conveyor chain is relatively fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the middle plate. Such an arrangement can effectively extend the service life of the middle plate. A scraper conveyor is also provided, and the cycle of replacing the middle trough of the scraper conveyor can be effectively extended by utilizing the above-mentioned middle trough of the scraper conveyor. However, during the use of the ceramic strip arranged on the middle plate, the bonding force between the ceramic strip and the middle trough is not strong and is easy to fall off, resulting in poor stability and durability of the ceramic strip.

[0004] Moreover, the chain currently used to drive the scraper lacks a tension adjustment mechanism. When the chain is loose, it will contact the middle plate and generate friction. In addition, when the scraper of the scraper conveyor is transporting coal and mineral materials, the materials will be unevenly distributed on one side of the scraper. The side of the scraper where more materials are gathered will have increased resistance due to friction, resulting in increased wear of the middle plate. At the same time, when the scraper is transporting materials, some materials will be stuck at the bottom of the transmission chain and move with the transmission chain. The materials stuck at the bottom of the transmission chain will cause wear on the middle plate chain path when moving, affecting the service life of the middle groove.

[0005] Therefore, a scraper conveyor and a middle groove thereof based on ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding strengthening are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to disclose a scraper conveyor and a middle groove thereof based on ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding strengthening to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a middle groove based on ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding strengthening, including a groove side assembly and a middle plate, the bottom of the groove side assembly is provided with a bottom plate, the groove side assembly, the middle plate and the bottom plate are coated with a composite coating, and the composite coating is coated on the surface of the middle groove using ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding equipment.

[0008] Optionally, dumbbell pins are provided on both sides of the groove side assembly, a pin rail support is provided on the top of the groove side assembly, and a jack connection seat is provided on one side of the groove side assembly;

[0009] The material of the composite coating is Fe+WC wear-resistant coating.

[0010] The present invention also provides a scraper conveyor, comprising a head portion, a chain assembly, a tension assembly, a guide assembly, a tail portion and the middle groove as described above, wherein a scraper is provided on the inner side of the chain assembly;

[0011] A protective plate is connected to one side of the scraper, an elastic member is connected between the scraper and the protective plate, a first pressure sensor is provided at one end of the elastic member close to the scraper, and angle adjustment components are connected to both ends of the scraper;

[0012] The tensioner assembly includes a cylinder and a chain guide plate, the chain guide plate is sleeved on the outside of the chain assembly, and a distance sensor is provided on the top of the inner side of the chain guide plate;

[0013] The guide assembly includes a guide plate and a support plate, an elastic member is provided between the support plate and the guide plate, a second pressure sensor is provided on the guide plate, a second electromagnet is provided on the support plate, a magnetic adsorption block corresponding to the second electromagnet is provided on the guide plate, and an electric lifter is provided on the top of the support plate.

[0014] Optionally, sprockets are provided in the head and tail of the machine, a sprocket shaft is provided in the middle of the sprocket, the sprocket shaft is driven by a driving motor, two chain assemblies are provided, and the two chain assemblies are respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the two sprockets.

[0015] Optionally, the elastic member is a compression spring, and two ends of the compression spring are respectively fixedly connected to the scraper plate and the protective plate;

[0016] A flexible cover is provided at the inner edges of the scraper and the protective plate, and the flexible cover is an elastic rubber cover;

[0017] There are two elastic members, which are respectively located at the two ends of the inner side of the scraper and the protective plate; there are two angle adjustment components, which are located at the two ends of the inner side of the scraper and the protective plate, and the angle adjustment components are located on the outside of the elastic members;

[0018] The angle adjustment component includes a first electromagnet and a permanent magnet block. The first electromagnet is fixedly connected to the scraper plate, and the permanent magnet block is fixedly connected to the protective plate. The two first electromagnets are respectively matched with the two permanent magnet blocks.

[0019] Optionally, the chain assembly is located in the middle of the chain guide;

[0020] The telescopic end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the chain guide plate, a mounting seat is provided on the top of the cylinder, and one end of the mounting seat away from the cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the groove side assembly.

[0021] Optionally, one end of the guide plate is movably hinged to the support plate, a hinge groove is provided on the support plate, and a hinge column is provided at one end of the guide plate close to the support plate, and the hinge column is located inside the hinge groove;

[0022] A flexible protective cover is provided on the outer side of the elastic member, and the two ends of the elastic member are fixedly connected to the two sides of the support plate and the guide plate respectively. The elastic member is a bending spring, and the second electromagnet is located on the support plate at a position corresponding to the elastic member, and the magnetic adsorption block is located on the guide plate at a position corresponding to the elastic member;

[0023] The telescopic end at the bottom of the electric lifter is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate, and a mounting frame is provided on the top of the electric lifter. One end of the mounting frame away from the electric lifter is fixedly connected to the top of the groove side assembly.

[0024] Optionally, a plurality of scrapers are provided on the inner sides of the two chain assemblies, and the plurality of scrapers are distributed at equal intervals;

[0025] The groove side component is provided with a plurality of tension components and a plurality of guide components, and the plurality of tension components and the plurality of guide components are respectively arranged at equal intervals and symmetrically on the top of the groove side component.

[0026] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0027] 1. In the process of the scraper driving the material to move, the present invention detects the distribution of the material on the front side of the protective plate through the pressure sensor, and uses the angle adjustment component to adjust the inclination angle of the protective plate, so that the material is evenly distributed to the other end of the protective plate during the conveying process, so as to keep the material between the scrapers uniform, thereby ensuring uniform wear between the scraper and the middle plate, and improving the service life of the scraper conveyor.

[0028] 2. The present invention detects whether materials are stuck at the bottom of the chain assembly through a distance sensor, and during the conveying process of the chain assembly, the materials at the bottom of the chain assembly are detached through the cooperation of the tensioning assembly and the guide assembly, and are re-mixed into the materials inside under the guidance of the guide assembly, thereby preventing the detached materials from being stuck inside the chain assembly again.

[0029] 3. The present invention adjusts the offset angle of the guide plate by cooperating with the second electromagnet and the magnetic adsorption block in the guide assembly, and adjusts the distribution of the material during movement by controlling the angles of the two guide plates, thereby improving the efficiency of the accumulation of materials moving from one end of the protective plate to the other end. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the middle groove structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the middle groove splicing structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the local structure;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the scraper and the protective plate of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the chain assembly and the tension assembly structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the chain assembly, scraper, tension assembly and guide assembly structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the guide assembly structure of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 9 The microstructure morphology of the Fe60 alloy powder of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.10 This is a microstructure morphology diagram of the WC alloy powder of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding principle of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.12 This is the XRD diffraction pattern of the Fe+WC wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.13 This is a macroscopic appearance diagram of the cladding layer of the present invention without ultrasonic vibration;

[0043] Fig.14 This is a macroscopic appearance diagram of the ultrasonic vibration of the cladding layer of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.15 This is a microstructure morphology of the Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating without ultrasound laser cladding on the surface of the middle groove of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.16 This is a microstructure morphology of the ultrasonic Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating laser clad on the surface of the middle groove of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.17It is a microhardness distribution curve of the laser cladding wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove of the present invention along the depth direction;

[0047] Fig.18 This is a friction coefficient diagram of the Fe60 / WC composite cladding layer without ultrasonic assistance of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.19 This is a friction coefficient diagram of the ultrasonic-assisted Fe60 / WC composite cladding layer of the present invention;

[0049] Fig. 20 This is a wear morphology diagram of the Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating without ultrasonic vibration by laser cladding on the surface of the middle groove of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.21 This is a wear morphology diagram of the ultrasonic vibration Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating laser clad on the surface of the middle groove of the present invention.

[0051] In the figure: 101, groove side assembly; 102, middle plate; 103, bottom plate; 104, dumbbell pin; 105, pin rail support; 106, jack connecting seat; 2, chain assembly; 3, scraper; 302, protective plate; 303, flexible cover; 304, elastic member; 3041, first pressure sensor; 305, angle adjustment assembly; 3051, first electromagnet; 4, tension assembly; 401, cylinder; 402, chain guide; 4021, distance sensor; 5, guide assembly; 501, guide plate; 502, support plate; 503, elastic member; 504, electric lifter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0053] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from the description. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] See also Figure 1-Figure 8The present embodiment discloses a scraper conveyor, comprising a head, a middle trough 1, a tensioning assembly 4, a guide assembly 5 and a tail, wherein the middle trough comprises a trough side assembly 101 and a middle plate 102, a bottom cover plate 103 is provided at the bottom of the trough side assembly 101, a composite coating prepared by ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding is provided on the surfaces of the trough side assembly 101, the middle plate 102 and the bottom cover plate 103, dumbbell pins 104 are provided on both sides of the trough side assembly 101, a pin rail support 105 is provided on the top of the trough side assembly 101, and the trough side assembly 101 is provided with a plurality of grooves. A jack connecting seat 106 is provided on one side of 01, and a plurality of tensioning assemblies 4 and a plurality of guide assemblies 5 are provided on the groove side assembly 101. The plurality of tensioning assemblies 4 and the plurality of guide assemblies 5 are equidistantly and symmetrically arranged on the top of the groove side assembly 101. Sprockets are provided in the head and tail of the machine, and a sprocket shaft is provided in the middle of the sprocket. The sprocket shaft is driven by a driving motor, and the front and rear sides of the two sprockets are respectively connected with chain assemblies 2 in transmission. A plurality of scrapers 3 are provided on the inner sides of the two chain assemblies 2, and the plurality of scrapers 3 are distributed at equal intervals.

[0056] A protective plate 302 is connected to one side of the scraper 3. A flexible cover 303 is provided at the inner edge of the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302. The flexible cover 303 is an elastic rubber cover. The elastic rubber cover prevents materials from entering the interlayer between the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302. An elastic member 304 is connected between the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302. The elastic member 304 is a compression spring. The two ends of the compression spring are fixedly connected to the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302 respectively. There are two elastic members 304. The two elastic members 304 are respectively located at the inner ends of the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302. The protective plate 302 is used to press In order to enhance the wear resistance and service life of the scraper 3, a first pressure sensor 3041 is provided at one end of the elastic member 304 close to the scraper 3, and angle adjustment components 305 are connected to both ends of the inner side of the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302. Two angle adjustment components 305 are provided, and the two angle adjustment components 305 are respectively located on the outsides of the two elastic members 304. The distribution of the material on the front side of the protective plate 302 is detected by the pressure sensor, and the inclination angle of the protective plate 302 is adjusted by the angle adjustment component 305, so that the material is evenly distributed to the other end of the protective plate 302 during the conveying process.

[0057] Specifically, the angle adjustment component 305 includes a first electromagnet 3051 and a permanent magnet block. The first electromagnet 3051 is fixedly connected to the scraper 3, and the permanent magnet block is fixedly connected to the protective plate 302. The two first electromagnets 3051 correspond to the two permanent magnet blocks respectively.

[0058] The tensioner assembly 4 includes a cylinder 401 and a chain guide 402. The chain guide 402 is sleeved on the outside of the chain assembly 2. The chain assembly 2 is located in the middle of the chain guide 402. The cylinder 401 drives the chain guide 402 to move up and down to adjust the tension of the chain assembly 2.

[0059] Specifically, the telescopic end of the cylinder 401 is fixedly connected to the top of the chain guide 402 , a mounting seat is provided on the top of the cylinder 401 , and one end of the mounting seat away from the cylinder 401 is fixedly connected to the top of the groove side assembly 101 .

[0060] The guide assembly 5 includes a guide plate 501, one end of which is movably connected to a support plate 502, an elastic member 503 is provided between the support plate 502 and the guide plate 501, and the guide plate 501 is arranged at an angle, and the guide plate 501 provides a guiding effect on the material on the middle plate 102, wherein a hinge groove is provided on the support plate 502, and a hinge column is provided at one end of the guide plate 501 close to the support plate 502, and the hinge column is located inside the hinge groove, and the guide plate 501 is movably connected to the support plate 502 through the cooperation of the hinge column and the hinge groove.

[0061] The elastic member 503 is a bending spring, and a flexible protective cover is provided on the outside of the bending spring. The two ends of the bending spring are respectively fixedly connected to the two sides of the support plate 502 and the guide plate 501. The flexible protective cover provides protection for the bending spring to prevent impurities from getting stuck in the bending spring.

[0062] When in use, the driving motor at the head of the machine drives the sprocket to rotate, and the two chain assemblies 2 continuously drive the scraper 3 to push backwards driven by the two sprockets, and the material falls into the scraper conveyor from the tail of the machine. During the continuous circulation movement of the two chain assemblies 2, the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302 move synchronously with the chain assembly 2, and the material entering the scraper conveyor is continuously conveyed to the head of the machine. In this process, the elastic member 304 is used to form a buffer between the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302, reducing the area and frequency of direct contact between the material and the scraper 3, thereby reducing the degree of wear on the scraper 3. At the same time, the protective plate 302 can better fit the surface of the material under the elastic force of the elastic member 304, so that the protective plate 302 and the scraper 3 can move the material more smoothly.

[0063] During the material conveying process driven by the guard plate 302 and the scraper 3, the first pressure sensor 3041 detects the distribution of the material on the front side of the guard plate 302. A threshold value P1 is preset in the first pressure sensor 3041. When the material on one side of the guard plate 302 is more gathered at one end, the first pressure sensor 3041 corresponding to the end detects that the pressure threshold reaches P1, indicating that the material is excessively gathered on this side. At this time, the first electromagnet 3051 on this side increases the magnetic force, and through the cooperation with the magnetic repulsion of the permanent magnet block, one end of the guard plate 302 is extended forward. At this time, the guard plate 302 will be inclined. Then, as the guard plate 302 drives the material to move, the excessively gathered material will move along the inclined surface of the guard plate 302 toward the lower end of the guard plate 302, so as to achieve the purpose of uniform distribution of the material on one side of the guard plate 302, avoid the accumulation of more materials at one end, resulting in aggravated wear between the guard plate 302 and the scraper 3 and the middle plate 102, and increase the operating load of the drive motor driving the scraper 3 to move through the chain assembly 2.

[0064] The horizontal height of the chain guide plate 402 is controlled by the cylinder 401. When the chain guide plate 402 moves upward, the tension of the chain assembly 2 increases to avoid friction between the chain assembly 2 and the middle plate 102 caused by the looseness of the chain assembly 2. Through two symmetrically arranged guide plates 501, when the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302 drive the material to move, the material is guided to gather inward to avoid the material gathering at the edge of the middle plate 102. When the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302 move to the guide plate 501, the elastic member 503 is compressed, and at the same time, the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302 drive the material to pass through the two guide plates 501. After the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302 pass through the guide plate 501, the guide plate 501 is reset under the action of the rebound force of the elastic member 503 to keep guiding the conveyed material inward.

[0065] Embodiment 2

[0066] See also Figure 3-Figure 8 As shown, during the conveying process, the material will be stuck at the bottom of the chain assembly 2 and move synchronously with the chain assembly 2. The material gathered at the bottom of the chain assembly 2 is difficult to remove, and will act on the middle plate 102 with greater pressure as the chain assembly 2 moves, greatly increasing the degree of wear between the chain assembly 2 and the middle plate 102. In this regard, the following embodiments are proposed to solve the above problems:

[0067] A distance sensor 4021 is provided at the inner top of the chain guide 402. A threshold value L1 is preset in the distance sensor 4021. When material gathers at the bottom of the chain assembly 2, the chain assembly 2 will arch upward under the support of the material. When the distance sensor 4021 continuously monitors the horizontal height of the chain assembly 2 and maintains it at the threshold value L1, it indicates that material accumulation occurs at the bottom of the chain assembly 2.

[0068] During use, when material accumulates on one side of the protective plate 302, it is first detected by the first pressure sensor 3041 and extended through the magnetic repulsion of one of the first electromagnets 3051 and the permanent magnet block, so that the protective plate 302 is tilted, and the material excessively accumulated at one end of the protective plate 302 will move to the other end. At the same time, the movement state of the chain assembly 2 is constantly monitored by the distance sensor 4021. When the distance sensor 4021 continuously monitors that the horizontal height of the chain assembly 2 is maintained at the threshold value L1, the bottom of the surface chain assembly 2 also accumulates material at one end of the protective plate 302 when there is excessive accumulation of material, and the bottom reaches The degree of supporting force on the chain assembly 2 is increased. At this time, when the chain assembly 2 is pulled and moved, the wear between the chain assembly 2 and the middle plate 102 will be aggravated. In this regard, when the chain assembly 2 drives the material to move continuously, the material will contact the end of the guide plate 501 close to the support plate 502, and the supporting force of the elastic member 503 on the guide plate 501 is transmitted to the material at the bottom of the chain assembly 2. During the continuous movement of the chain assembly 2, the resistance of the guide plate 501 to the material below the chain assembly 2 causes the material to separate from the chain assembly 2, and the material separated from the chain assembly 2 moves inward along the inclined surface of the guide plate 501 and is re-mixed with the inner material.

[0069] However, the materials gathered at the bottom of the chain assembly 2 also include harder materials, such as stones and gangue, which will get stuck in the gap of the chain assembly 2. It is difficult to separate the harder materials from the gap of the chain assembly 2 by using the squeezing force of the guide plate 501 on the bottom of the chain assembly 2. In this regard, the following embodiments are proposed:

[0070] A second pressure sensor is provided on the guide plate 501 , and a pressure threshold value P2 is provided in the second pressure sensor. When the horizontal height of the chain assembly 2 is maintained at the threshold value L1 , the pressure thresholds in the second pressure sensor simultaneously reach the pressure threshold value P2 , indicating that a harder substance is stuck in the gap of the chain assembly 2 .

[0071] In this regard, a second electromagnet is provided on the support plate 502 at a position corresponding to the bending spring, and a magnetic adsorption block is provided on the guide plate 501 at a position corresponding to the bending spring. By controlling the magnetic force direction of the second electromagnet, the angle between the support plate 502 and the guide plate 501 is controlled in coordination with the magnetic adsorption block and the bending spring, and the swing of the guide plate 501 is utilized to loosen the material stuck in the bottom of the chain assembly 2.

[0072] During use, under the condition that the horizontal height of the chain assembly 2 is maintained at the threshold value L1, the pressure threshold in the second pressure sensor reaches the pressure threshold value P2 at the same time, indicating that a harder substance is stuck in the gap of the chain assembly 2. At this time, the harder substance contacts one side of the guide plate 501, and the speed of the sprocket wheel driving the chain assembly 2 is slowed down. At the same time, the cylinder 401 further lifts the chain assembly 2 upward through the chain guide plate 402, so that the bottom of the harder substance is separated from the upper surface of the middle plate 102, and then the magnetic force direction of the second electromagnet is repeatedly switched. , in cooperation with the support plate 502, the guide plate 501 receives the magnetic attraction and repulsion of the second electromagnet through the magnetic adsorption block, and repeatedly swings around the hinge. The collision of the guide plate 501 with the harder material during its swinging speed accelerates the loosening speed of the harder material from the gap in the chain assembly 2. When the pressure threshold in the second pressure sensor is lower than the preset pressure threshold P2, it indicates that the harder material is no longer in contact with one side of the guide plate 501, and the harder material has completed the disengagement from the gap in the chain assembly 2, and each component is reset to continue normal operation.

[0073] In addition, when the material on one side of the protective plate 302 is accumulated, the movement of the scraper 3 and the protective plate 302 will drive the material close to the guide plate 501, and the material higher than the guide plate 501 will directly overflow the top of the guide plate 501, causing the guide plate 501 to fail to guide the material aggregation function. In this regard, the following embodiments are proposed:

[0074] An electric lifter 504 is provided on the top of the support plate 502, wherein the telescopic end at the bottom of the electric lifter 504 is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate 502, and a mounting frame is provided on the top of the electric lifter 504, and one end of the mounting frame away from the electric lifter 504 is fixedly connected to the top of the groove side assembly 101. The horizontal height of the guide plate 501 is adjusted by the electric lifter 504. When excessive material is accumulated at one end of the protective plate 302, the electric lifter 504 corresponding to the end of the protective plate 302 controls the horizontal height of the guide plate 501 to move upward by contracting the telescopic end, so that the horizontal height of the guide plate 501 is higher than the top of the accumulated material, thereby maintaining the guiding effect on the material.

[0075] Specifically, when in use, the two corresponding guide plates 501 have the same inclination angle in the initial state, so as to maintain the inward guidance and aggregation of materials. However, when materials accumulate at one end of the protective plate 302 and the first pressure sensor 3041 detects at which end of the protective plate 302 the materials are accumulated, the guide plate 501 corresponding to that end is further offset inward by increasing the magnetic repulsion of the second electromagnet on the magnetic adsorption block through the cooperation of the second electromagnet, thereby forming a longer guiding path inward for the guide plate 501 close to the side where the materials are accumulated. According to the needs of use, the guide plate 501 on the other side corresponding to the guide plate 501 is offset outward by the magnetic attraction of the second electromagnet on the magnetic adsorption block, thereby further increasing the material accommodation space, so as to accelerate the speed of moving the accumulated materials at one end of the protective plate 302 to the other end during the continuous conveying of the materials driven by the protective plate 302.

[0076] In addition, when the guide plate 501 contacts the protective plate 302, the first electromagnet 3051 drives the protective plate 302 to repeatedly approach and move away from the scraper 3. The protective plate 302 repeatedly contacts and collides with the guide plate 501, and the vibration generated by the collision causes the material attached to the protective plate 302, the scraper 3 and the guide plate 501 to gradually detach, thereby reducing the erosion of the attached material on the protective plate 302, the scraper 3 and the guide plate 501, thereby increasing the service life of each component.

[0077] Embodiment 3

[0078] See also Figure 1 , Figure 9-Figure 21 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for preparing the composite coating on the surface of the middle groove as described above, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0079] S1. 16Mn steel is used as the substrate for laser cladding. First, the surface of 16Mn steel is cleaned with sandpaper to remove the oxide scale, and then the surface of 16Mn steel is cleaned with alcohol to remove the impurities such as oil and rust that may remain on the polished surface. Finally, it is blown dry with a hair dryer to reduce the influence of surface defects of 16Mn steel. Among them, Fe60 powder is resistant to oxidation and has high hardness. WC powder is ceramic in nature and is used as a reinforcement phase. Fe60 and WC composite powder is used as the base powder of the laser cladding layer on the surface of the middle groove. Fe60 powder and WC powder with specifications of 150 mesh to 250 mesh are selected as the cladding layer materials, and are mixed in a ratio of 4:1. Put them in a mortar and stir until they are evenly mixed. The mixed powder is dried and taken out before cladding.

[0080] S2. Ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding is performed on the 16Mn steel plate for the middle groove using flexible laser remanufacturing equipment based on an industrial six-axis robot. In this embodiment, an unloaded direct ultrasonic vibration mechanism is used. The schematic diagram is shown in FIG. Fig.11As shown, it is very different from the traditional contact indirect ultrasonic vibration. As an independent output ultrasonic vibration mechanism, a separate bracket is used to fix and clamp the ultrasonic vibrator to meet the flexibility requirements of the strength, height and angle adjustment of the ultrasonic vibration mechanism system.

[0081] The laser power is 1.8KW, the scanning speed is 4mm / s, the spot diameter is 2mm, the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 24KHz, the amplitude is 18μm, the multi-pass cladding overlap rate is 50%, and in order to prevent oxidation of the cladding layer during cladding, high-purity nitrogen is used as the protective gas, and the gas flow rate is 12L / min.

[0082] Specimen 1 was clad without ultrasonic vibration, and specimen 2 was clad with ultrasonic vibration.

[0083] The chemical composition of 16Mn steel is shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1 Chemical composition of 16Mn steel (mass fraction)

[0085]

[0086] The chemical composition of the powder is shown in Table 2. Figure 9-10 The microstructure morphology of Fe60 powder and WC powder.

[0087] Table 2 Alloy element ratio in Fe60 alloy powder (mass fraction)

[0088]

[0089] The cross-sectional specimens of the cladding layer were prepared by wire-cutting electric discharge machine. After grinding and polishing, they were placed in anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic vibration cleaning and dried with a hair dryer. Then the microhardness of the sample was tested. The microhardness of the coating was tested with a Vickers hardness tester in the cross-sectional direction of the coating. The microstructure of the cladding layer was observed using an optical metallographic microscope, the organizational structure of the cladding layer was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the chemical composition was analyzed using EDS. The phase of the sample was determined using a X-ray diffractometer, and the phase composition of different areas of the cladding layer was analyzed.

[0090] Fig.12 The figure shows the XRD diffraction patterns of Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating with and without ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding on the surface of the middle groove. Ultrasonic vibration is used as an auxiliary external field and does not change the elemental composition during the molten pool solidification process. It can be seen from the figure that the Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove is mainly composed of α-Fe, γ-Fe, M23C6 (M: Cr, W, Fe) and WC phases. However, it can be clearly found that the diffraction peak of the Fe60+WC coating assisted by ultrasonic vibration laser cladding is significantly enhanced, indicating that ultrasonic vibration can promote alloying.

[0091] In ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding, the cavitation effect of ultrasound will produce a large number of cavitation bubbles. The cavitation bubbles collapse under the combined action of ultrasonic sound pressure and melt drive. The collapse of cavitation bubbles produces local high temperature and high pressure, which promotes the dissolution of the alloy layer on the WC surface. Accompanied by the ultrasonic acoustic streaming effect, these dissolved alloy elements are evenly distributed in the entire cladding layer. WC particles dissolve in the molten pool, releasing more W and C elements. Part of the W and C elements will react chemically with elements such as Cr and Fe in the alloy powder to generate M23C6, and the other part of the W and C elements will be dissolved in γ-Fe to increase the stability of γ-Fe. The diffraction peak corresponding to α-Fe has the highest relative intensity. Therefore, α-Fe constitutes the matrix phase of the Fe+WC wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove. Ultrasound can achieve homogenization of organization and elements, grain refinement, increase grain boundaries, increase obstacles to dislocation movement, and increase resistance to material deformation, which is beneficial to improve the hardness of the cladding layer.

[0092] Fig.13 and 14 is the macroscopic appearance image of the cladding layer, where Fig.13 and Fig.14 The following are the macroscopic morphologies of the coating after laser cladding under conditions without and with ultrasonic vibration. It can be seen from the figure that Fig.13 and Fig.14 No cracks appeared in the cladding layers, but the surface of the cladding layer prepared under ultrasonic vibration conditions became more gentle and smooth, and the slag was reduced and became fine. This is because during the laser cladding process, the liquid metal in the molten pool is subjected to the strong high-frequency vibration generated by the ultrasonic wave, so that the various element components are fully mixed and stirred, and are evenly dispersed on the surface of the substrate, which makes the slag evenly dispersed everywhere, the density of the liquid metal in the molten pool increases, and the temperature in the pool is more uniform, reducing the temperature gradient and the sinking time of the hard phase particles, thereby obtaining a smooth cladding layer. In the absence of ultrasonic vibration, during the crystallization process of the liquid metal in the molten pool, some hard particles or phases that precipitated earlier sink to the bottom of the cladding layer under the influence of gravity, making the density of the upper part of the cladding layer less than that of the bottom, resulting in uneven components of the cladding layer and uneven macroscopic appearance.

[0093] Fig.15 and Fig.16 The microstructure images of the cladding layer without and with ultrasound are shown in Figure 2. Fig.15It can be seen that under the condition of no ultrasonic vibration, the cladding layer is composed of columnar crystals and cellular crystals, with a small number of grains, coarse structure and uneven distribution. This is because under the condition of no ultrasound, the liquid metal in the molten pool has poor fluidity and uneven liquid metal composition during cladding, resulting in dendrite segregation, which promotes the formation of columnar crystals. The cladding process of laser cladding technology is a process of rapid heating and rapid cooling, which will lead to component supercooling. The component supercooling is large, the grains grow rapidly, the number of columnar crystals increases, and the cladding layer structure is coarse and uneven.

[0094] Depend on Fig.16 It can be seen that under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration, the cladding layer is mainly composed of planar crystals, cellular crystals and dendrites, the number of columnar crystals is significantly reduced, the grains become finer, and the structure becomes more uniform and dense. This is mainly related to the cavitation effect produced by ultrasonic vibration. During the laser cladding process, ultrasonic waves propagate in the liquid metal in the molten pool, and the melt will be subjected to the alternating sound pressure. Under the action of the negative pressure phase, the melt is torn to form a nearly vacuum cavitation bubble and store the sound field energy. Under the action of the positive pressure phase, the cavitation bubble generated by the ultrasonic wave will quickly close and collapse, and release the sound field energy at the same time, generating instantaneous high pressure and high temperature in the extremely small space of the melt, and causing strong disturbance of the melt at the same time. Therefore, the growing grains will be crushed by the high temperature and high pressure generated when the cavitation bubble closes, and dispersed to various parts of the melt to form evenly distributed small crystal nuclei, which ultimately increases the number of crystal nuclei and refines the grains. In addition, the stirring of ultrasonic waves in the molten pool makes the various components evenly dispersed throughout the molten pool, thereby increasing the fluidity of the liquid metal in the molten pool and making the components evenly distributed. At the same time, the addition of an appropriate amount of WC can promote grain refinement and make the crystal structure complete. Therefore, ultrasonic vibration can significantly promote the refinement and homogenization of the melt solidification structure.

[0095] Fig.17 The figure shows the microhardness distribution curve of the cross section of Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove with and without ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding. The microhardness of the cladding layer is significantly improved regardless of whether it is under ultrasonic action or not. It can be concluded that the microhardness of the middle groove is significantly improved after laser cladding strengthening. In the sample without ultrasonic treatment, the microhardness of the wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove is 850HV0.5~885HV0.5, while the hardness of the cladding layer of the sample with ultrasonic addition is 1105HV0.5~1150HV0.5, which is 30% higher than that of the sample without ultrasonic treatment.

[0096] There are a lot of carbide precipitation phases in the samples without ultrasound. These carbides have high hardness and their uneven distribution leads to large fluctuations in hardness test. The ultrasonic action leads to the dissolution and diffusion of the alloy layer on the WC surface. The dissolution of WC particles in the molten pool increases the solubility of alloy elements in the α-Fe lattice, resulting in solid solution strengthening. WC dissolves and reacts with Cr, Fe and other elements in the alloy to generate M23C6 and WC phase, resulting in second phase strengthening. The precipitation of M23C6 at the grain boundary reduces the driving force of grain growth, refines the grains, and produces fine grain strengthening. In summary, the ultrasonic action in the laser cladding process significantly improves the average hardness of the cladding layer and makes its distribution more uniform by promoting the dissolution and diffusion of the alloy layer on the WC surface and uniform element distribution.

[0097] Fig.18 and Fig.19 It is a curve of the change of the friction coefficient of the Fe60 / WC composite cladding layer over time. It can be seen from the figure that under the condition of no ultrasonic environment, the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer is 0.7, and under the condition of ultrasonic environment, the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer is 0.6. Compared with the condition of no ultrasonic environment, the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer is reduced by 14%. This is because under the ultrasonic environment, the cladding layer becomes smaller and denser, and the composition is more uniform, which reduces the friction coefficient, thereby improving the wear resistance of the cladding layer.

[0098] It can also be seen from the figure that the friction coefficient change trend of the Fe60 / WC cladding coating is generally divided into two stages: initial running-in and stable wear. In the initial wear stage, the initial increase in the friction coefficient is relatively fast, mainly because the contact surface between the grinding pair and the cladding layer is small and the shear stress is large when they just contact. In addition, there are more WC particles on the surface of the cladding layer in the initial stage to hinder the movement of the grinding pair, so the friction coefficient increases rapidly. As the sliding progresses, the number of particles entering the sliding interface gradually tends to be stable, and the plowing effect of the WC particles damaged by wear on the cladding layer slowly remains stable, and the friction coefficient also gradually tends to be stable.

[0099] The wear morphology of the laser cladding Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove is as follows: Fig. 20 and Fig.21 As shown in the figure, there is plowing phenomenon in Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating without ultrasonic vibration laser cladding, but it is also accompanied by plastic deformation. The wear mechanism of the wear-resistant coating is adhesive wear and abrasive wear. Compared with Fe60+WC wear-resistant coating without ultrasonic vibration laser cladding, the plowing grooves on the wear marks of Fe+WC wear-resistant coating with ultrasonic vibration laser cladding on the middle groove surface are finer, and the wear mechanism of the wear-resistant coating is typical abrasive wear, and the abrasive wear is significantly reduced compared with the wear-resistant coating without ultrasonic vibration.

[0100] The hard abrasive particles will be embedded into the surface of the middle groove under the action of the normal load of the friction pair. Under the tangential force of the friction pair on the middle groove, many deep and wide furrows parallel to the friction direction and severe plastic deformation are formed on the surface of the middle groove. With the increase of friction time, the material with severe plastic deformation on the surface of the middle groove will produce work hardening, resulting in a sharp decrease in toughness, and finally causing severe brittle peeling of the surface material. The hardness of the ultrasonic vibration laser cladding wear-resistant coating is higher than that of the wear-resistant coating without ultrasonic vibration, which increases its ability to resist the cutting action and plastic deformation of abrasive particles, and finally reduces the abrasive wear and plastic deformation on the surface of the wear-resistant coating, thereby increasing the wear resistance. At the same time, the introduction of ultrasonic vibration accelerates the dissolution and diffusion of the alloy layer on the surface of the ceramic phase WC, and the organizational composition becomes uniform, which can effectively improve the abrasive wear resistance of the wear-resistant coating, improve the average hardness and friction coefficient of the cladding layer, and enhance the anti-adhesive ability, thereby making the abrasive wear lighter and the adhesive wear basically disappear.

[0101] In summary, this embodiment uses WC-Fe60 alloy powder as the cladding material, performs ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding strengthening on the surface of the middle groove, and studies and analyzes the physical phase, macroscopic morphology, organizational structure, microhardness and wear resistance of the ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove. The main conclusions obtained through the above embodiments are as follows:

[0102] The ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove has excellent surface formability and forms a strong metallurgical bond with the middle groove; the diffraction peak of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding coating is significantly enhanced, and ultrasonic vibration promotes alloying; the ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding wear-resistant coating is mainly composed of planar crystals, cellular crystals and dendrites, the number of columnar crystals is significantly reduced, the grains become finer, and the structure becomes more uniform and dense; the hardness of the ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding wear-resistant coating is 1105HV0.5~1150HV0.5, which is 30% higher than that of the sample without ultrasonic wave; the ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding wear-resistant coating on the surface of the middle groove can improve the abrasive wear resistance of the middle groove surface, and the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer is reduced by 14%.

[0103] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A scraper conveyor, comprising a head, a chain assembly (2), a tension assembly (4), a guide assembly (5), a tail, and a middle groove strengthened by ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding, wherein a scraper (3) is provided on the inner side of the chain assembly (2), characterized in that: The middle groove strengthened based on ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding comprises a groove side component (101) and a middle plate (102); a bottom cover plate (103) is provided at the bottom of the groove side component (101); surfaces of the groove side component (101), the middle plate (102) and the bottom cover plate (103) are coated with a composite coating; the composite coating is coated on the surface of the middle groove using ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding equipment; A protective plate (302) is connected to one side of the scraper (3); an elastic member (304) is connected between the scraper (3) and the protective plate (302); a first pressure sensor (3041) is provided at one end of the elastic member (304) close to the scraper (3); and angle adjustment components (305) are connected to both ends of the scraper (3); The tensioner assembly (4) comprises a cylinder (401) and a chain guide plate (402), wherein the chain guide plate (402) is sleeved on the outside of the chain assembly (2), and a distance sensor (4021) is provided on the top of the inner side of the chain guide plate (402); The guide assembly (5) comprises a guide plate (501) and a support plate (502); an elastic member (503) is provided between the support plate (502) and the guide plate (501); a second pressure sensor is provided on the guide plate (501); a second electromagnet is provided on the support plate (502); a magnetic adsorption block corresponding to the second electromagnet is provided on the guide plate (501); and an electric lifter (504) is provided on the top of the support plate (502); The elastic member (304) is a compression spring, the two ends of which are respectively fixedly connected to the scraper (3) and the protective plate (302), and a flexible cover (303) is provided at the inner edges of the scraper (3) and the protective plate (302), and the flexible cover (303) is an elastic rubber cover; Two elastic members (304) are provided, and the two elastic members (304) are respectively located at two ends of the inner side of the scraper (3) and the protective plate (302); two angle adjustment components (305) are provided, and the angle adjustment components (305) are located at two ends of the inner side of the scraper (3) and the protective plate (302); the angle adjustment components (305) are located on the outer side of the elastic member (304); the angle adjustment components (305) comprise a first electromagnet (3051) and a permanent magnet block; the first electromagnet (3051) is fixedly connected to the scraper (3); the permanent magnet block is fixedly connected to the protective plate (302); and the two first electromagnets (3051) respectively cooperate with the two permanent magnet blocks; One end of the guide plate (501) is movably hinged to the support plate (502), a hinge groove is provided on the support plate (502), and a hinge column is provided at one end of the guide plate (501) close to the support plate (502), and the hinge column is located inside the hinge groove; A flexible protective cover is provided on the outer side of the elastic member (503); two ends of the elastic member are respectively fixedly connected to two sides of the support plate (502) and the guide plate (501); the elastic member (503) is a bending spring; the second electromagnet is located at a position on the support plate (502) corresponding to the elastic member (503); and the magnetic attraction block is located at a position on the guide plate (501) corresponding to the elastic member (503); The telescopic end at the bottom of the electric lifter (504) is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate (502); a mounting frame is provided on the top of the electric lifter (504); and one end of the mounting frame away from the electric lifter (504) is fixedly connected to the top of the groove side assembly (101); By controlling the direction of the magnetic force of the second electromagnet, the angle between the support plate (502) and the guide plate (501) is controlled in cooperation with the magnetic adsorption block and the elastic member (503), and the swing of the guide plate (501) is utilized to loosen the material stuck in the bottom of the chain assembly (2).

2. The scraper conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Dumbbell pins (104) are provided on both sides of the groove side assembly (101), a pin rail support (105) is provided on the top of the groove side assembly (101), and a jack connection seat (106) is provided on one side of the groove side assembly (101); The material of the composite coating is Fe+WC wear-resistant coating.

3. The scraper conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sprockets are provided in the head and tail of the machine, a sprocket shaft is provided in the middle of the sprocket, the sprocket shaft is driven by a drive motor, two chain assemblies (2) are provided, and the two chain assemblies are respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the two sprockets.

4. The scraper conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chain assembly (2) is located in the middle of the chain guide plate (402), the telescopic end of the cylinder (401) is fixedly connected to the top of the chain guide plate (402), a mounting seat is provided on the top of the cylinder (401), and one end of the mounting seat away from the cylinder (401) is fixedly connected to the top of the groove side assembly (101).

5. The scraper conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of scrapers (3) are provided on the inner sides of the two chain assemblies (2), and the plurality of scrapers (3) are distributed at equal intervals; The groove side component (101) is provided with a plurality of elastic components (4) and a plurality of guide components (5), and the plurality of elastic components (4) and the plurality of guide components (5) are respectively arranged at equal intervals and symmetrically on the top of the groove side component (101).

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