A high-efficiency pumping system and method for Rydberg atoms based on dissipation induction

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of based on dissipation-induced high-efficiency pumping system and method of Rydberg atom, belong to microwave measurement technical field.The present application utilizes double-path laser to atom pump excitation, simultaneously control pump laser relative phase, when atom is in excited state, by heating atom gas chamber, atom motion is accelerated, the mutual collision of atom is realized, and the excited state interference cancellation of dissipation-induced atom is realized by collision, greatly improve the pumping efficiency of Rydberg atom and the sensitivity of Rydberg atom microwave measurement system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of microwave measurement, and relates to a high-efficiency pumping system and method for Rydberg atoms based on dissipation induction. BACKGROUND

[0002] The Rydberg atom is an atom in which an electron outside a nucleus is pumped to a high excited state by using a laser, and the atom is generally pumped to an energy level with a principal quantum number n greater than 20 through a two-photon process. At this time, the shell electron is far away from the atomic nucleus, so a large electric dipole moment is formed between the atomic nucleus and the electron. Therefore, the Rydberg atom has extremely high sensitivity to a microwave electric field of frequency resonance. By controlling the change of the principal quantum number of the Rydberg atom, microwave measurement in a frequency range from kHz to THz can be realized. In comparison with a traditional microwave receiving system, the Rydberg atom is not limited by the wavelength of a microwave signal in the coupling process, and therefore the Rydberg atom has great application potential in the field of microwave measurement.

[0003] In the existing pumping scheme for the Rydberg atom, a single-path two-photon pumping scheme is generally selected considering the atom pumping efficiency and other factors. However, in the process of exciting the Rydberg atom state by using single-photon resonance and two-photon resonance, the steady-state establishment time of the atom, the Rydberg state atom lifetime, and other limiting factors such as the atom pumping efficiency will reduce the number density of the Rydberg atoms in a unit volume, thereby limiting the measurement sensitivity of the Rydberg atom microwave measurement system. SUMMARY

[0004] The application solves the technical problem of overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art and providing a high-efficiency pumping system and method for Rydberg atoms based on dissipation induction.

[0005] The technical solution of the application is as follows.

[0006] The high-efficiency pumping system for Rydberg atoms based on dissipation induction comprises a first laser, a second laser, a glass cell containing alkali metal atoms, a heating plate, a first beam-splitting prism, a first acousto-optic modulator, a second acousto-optic modulator, a second beam-splitting prism, a first plane high-reflection mirror, a second plane high-reflection mirror, a piezoelectric ceramic high-reflection mirror, a first long-wave-pass mirror, a second long-wave-pass mirror, a first balanced detector, a second balanced detector, a third beam-splitting prism, a first electro-optic modulator, a second electro-optic modulator, an optical garbage can, a phase-locked laser, a fourth beam-splitting prism, and a fifth beam-splitting prism.

[0007] The glass cell containing alkali metal atoms is located between two heating plates, which are powered to heat the atom cell; a first laser emits continuous laser light, which is split into two beams by a first beam splitter prism, one of which is transmitted through the first beam splitter prism, then frequency-shifted by a first acousto-optic modulator, and used as probe light; the other beam is split into two beams again by a second beam splitter prism, one of which is frequency-shifted by a second acousto-optic modulator after being reflected by a first plane high-reflection mirror, and used as pump light; the other beam is reflected by the second beam splitter prism and used directly as reference light; the three beams of probe light, pump light and reference light are spatially parallel, reflected by the first plane high-reflection mirror and a piezoelectric ceramic high-reflection mirror into three beams parallel to the heating plates, and then transmitted through a first long-wave pass mirror to enter the glass cell from one side;

[0008] A phase-locked laser emits continuous phase-locked laser light, which is split into two beams by a fourth beam splitter prism, one of which is frequency-shifted by a first acousto-optic modulator, and used as probe light; the other beam is frequency-shifted by a second acousto-optic modulator after being reflected by a first plane high-reflection mirror and a piezoelectric ceramic high-reflection mirror, and used as pump light; the other beam is reflected by the second beam splitter prism and used directly as reference light; the three beams of probe light, pump light and reference light are spatially parallel, reflected by the first plane high-reflection mirror and a piezoelectric ceramic high-reflection mirror into three beams parallel to the heating plates, and then transmitted through a first long-wave pass mirror to enter the glass cell from one side;

[0009] A second laser emits continuous laser light, which is split into two beams by a third beam splitter prism, one of which is reflected by a second plane high-reflection mirror after being transmitted through the third beam splitter prism, and used as first coupling light after being modulated by a first electro-optic modulator; the other beam is modulated by a second electro-optic modulator after being reflected by the third beam splitter prism, and used as second coupling light; the first coupling light and the second coupling light are reflected by a second long-wave pass mirror, and then enter the glass cell from the other side, with the first coupling light coinciding with the probe light and the second coupling light coinciding with the pump light; after the first coupling light and the second coupling light interact with the atoms, they are reflected by the first long-wave pass mirror and received by an optical garbage can.

[0010] A first balanced detector is used to collect the probe light and the reference light, and obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum and the Rydberg atomic number density.

[0011] Preferably, the frequency of the first laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the ground state energy level to the excited state energy level of the atoms;

[0012] The probe light is obtained by frequency-shifting the first acousto-optic modulator with a blue detuning, and satisfies the large detuning condition, i.e. the detuning frequency is much larger than the Rabi frequency;

[0013] The pump light is obtained by red detuning frequency shift of the second acousto-optic modulator, and satisfies the large detuning condition, that is, the detuning frequency is far greater than the Rabi frequency.

[0014] Preferably, the light power intensity of the pump light, the reference light and the probe light is 80 muW, and the beam waist diameter is 600 mu m of Gaussian beam.

[0015] Preferably, the frequency of the second laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the excited state level to the Rydberg state level of the atom.

[0016] The second laser emits continuous laser, and the continuous laser is divided into two beams by the third beam splitting prism, one of which is reflected to the first electro-optic modulator by the second plane high reflection mirror after being transmitted through the third beam splitting prism, the first electro-optic modulator shifts the frequency of the transmitted laser to the two-photon resonance frequency with the probe light, and sweeps the frequency by ± 100 MHz with the frequency as the center frequency, which is used as the first coupling light, and the other is reflected by the third beam splitting prism and enters the second electro-optic modulator, the second electro-optic modulator shifts the center frequency to satisfy the two-photon resonance frequency condition with the pump light, which is used as the second coupling light.

[0017] Preferably, the first coupling light and the second coupling light are Gaussian beams with a light power intensity of 400 mW and a beam waist diameter of 1250 mu m.

[0018] Preferably, the heating plate is used to heat the atom chamber so that the temperature of the atom chamber rises to 80 degrees Celsius.

[0019] Preferably, a measurement feedback unit is arranged on the heating plate to obtain the temperature of the glass chamber in real time, so as to control the temperature accurately.

[0020] Preferably, the continuous phase-locked laser emitted by the phase-locked laser has the same wavelength as the laser emitted by the first laser.

[0021] The Rydberg atom high-efficiency pumping method of the Rydberg atom high-efficiency pumping system comprises the following steps:

[0022] The first laser emits continuous laser, and the continuous laser forms three laser beams parallel to the heating plate after optical processing, one of which is used as reference light, and the other two are used as probe light and pump light.

[0023] The pump light, the reference light and the probe light enter the glass chamber from one side.

[0024] The second laser emits continuous laser, and the continuous laser forms two laser beams parallel to the heating plate after optical processing, that is, the first coupling light and the second coupling light.

[0025] The first coupling light and the second coupling light enter the glass cell from the other side, and the first coupling light is coincident with the probe light, and the second coupling light is coincident with the pump light;

[0026] The probe light and the reference light are received by the balanced detector to obtain a differential signal of the two laser beams, the differential signal is input into an oscilloscope, and electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum can be obtained, when a transmission peak signal appears in the spectrum, it indicates that the Rydberg atom pumping is successful, and the number density of the Rydberg atom can be judged by the transmittance of the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum;

[0027] The heating plate is powered on to heat the atom cell, so that the temperature of the atom cell is increased to 80 DEG C.

[0028] While the atom cell is heated, the probe light and the reference light are received by the balanced detector, the transmittance information of the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum is obtained on the oscilloscope, and the change of the number density of the Rydberg atom is monitored, with the increase of the number of the Rydberg atom, the transmittance of the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum is increased, and after reaching the maximum, it tends to be stable, at this time, the number of the Rydberg atom is the maximum, and the pumping efficiency of the system is the highest.

[0029] Preferably, the frequency of the first laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the ground state energy level to the excited state energy level of the atom.

[0030] The first laser emits continuous laser, and after optical processing, three parallel laser beams of the heating plate are formed, wherein the middle one is used as reference light, one of the other two laser beams is blue-shifted and frequency-shifted by the first acousto-optic modulator, and the large detuning condition is met, to obtain probe light, and the other laser beam is red-shifted and frequency-shifted, to obtain pump light.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present application designs a double optical path Rydberg atom pumping technical scheme, uses double path laser to pump and excite atoms, simultaneously controls the relative phase of the pump laser, when the atoms are in the excited state, the atom cell is heated to accelerate the motion of the atoms, realizes the mutual collision of the atoms, realizes the interference cancellation of the excited state of the atoms through collision, realizes the improvement of the Rydberg atom pumping efficiency, and greatly improves the sensitivity of the Rydberg atom microwave measurement system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a system schematic diagram of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 It is an alkali metal atom energy level structure schematic diagram. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0035] The present application will be further described below in combination with embodiments.

[0036] The application provides a high-efficiency pumping system and a pumping method based on dissipation-induced Rydberg atoms, as shown in the drawings. Figure 1 The pumping system comprises a glass cell containing alkali metal atoms, a heating plate (non-metal material), a first laser, a second laser, a first beam splitter prism, a first acousto-optic modulator, a second acousto-optic modulator, a second beam splitter prism, a first plane high-reflection mirror, a second plane high-reflection mirror, a piezoelectric ceramic PZT high-reflection mirror, a first long-wave pass mirror, a second long-wave pass mirror, a first balanced detector, a second balanced detector, a third beam splitter prism, a first electro-optic modulator, a second electro-optic modulator, an optical garbage can, a phase-locked laser, a fourth beam splitter prism, and a fifth beam splitter prism.

[0037] The glass cell is wrapped by the heating plate to ensure that the temperature in the glass cell can be uniformly heated. The heating plate contains a temperature cell measurement feedback unit, and the temperature of the glass cell can be accurately controlled by applying current to the heating plate.

[0038] The frequency of the first laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the ground state energy level to the excited state energy level of the atom. The first laser emits continuous laser light, which is split into two beams by the first beam splitter prism. One of the beams is transmitted through the first beam splitter prism and then frequency-shifted by the first acousto-optic modulator to serve as probe light. The other beam is split into two beams again by the second beam splitter prism. One of the beams is reflected by the first plane high-reflection mirror and then frequency-shifted by the second acousto-optic modulator to serve as pump light. The other beam is reflected by the second beam splitter prism and directly used as reference light. The three beams of probe light, pump light, and reference light are spatially parallel, reflected by the first plane high-reflection mirror and the piezoelectric ceramic high-reflection mirror to form three beams parallel to the heating plate, and then transmitted through the first long-wave pass mirror to enter the glass cell from one side.

[0039] The phase-locked laser emits continuous phase-locked laser light, which is split into two beams by the fourth beam splitter prism. One of the beams of phase-locked laser light passes through the same path as the probe light in space, is reflected by the first plane high-reflection mirror and the piezoelectric ceramic high-reflection mirror, and then enters the glass cell from one side in parallel to the heating plate. After passing through the glass cell, the beam is combined with the other beam of phase-locked laser light by the fifth beam splitter prism to generate beat frequency. The beat frequency signal is received by the second balanced detector, which is used to obtain a lock-in signal. The lock-in signal is input to the piezoelectric ceramic high-reflection mirror to realize path locking of the probe light, pump light, and reference light, and precise control and locking of the phases of the probe light and pump light.

[0040] The frequency of the second laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the excited state energy level to the Rydberg state energy level of the atom, the second laser emits continuous laser, the continuous laser is divided into two beams through the third beam splitting prism, one of the two beams is reflected by the second plane high reflection mirror after being transmitted through the third beam splitting prism, is modulated by the first electro-optic modulator and used as the first coupling light, the other beam is modulated by the second electro-optic modulator after being reflected by the third beam splitting prism and used as the second coupling light, the first coupling light and the second coupling light are reflected by the second long-wave pass mirror and enter the glass cell from the other side, and the first coupling light coincides with the probe light and the second coupling light coincides with the pump light, after the first coupling light and the second coupling light interact with the atoms, the first coupling light and the second coupling light are reflected by the first long-wave pass mirror and are received by the optical garbage can.

[0041] The first balanced detector is used to collect the probe light and the reference light, and electromagnetic induced transparency spectrum and the number density of the Rydberg atoms are obtained.

[0042] In the application, the glass cell receives the probe light, the reference light, the pump light, the first coupling light and the second coupling light, the pump light and the second coupling light received by the glass cell are spatially coincident and opposite in direction, wherein the pump light is narrow linewidth continuous laser, the frequency of the pump light is locked to the transition frequency from the ground state to the excited state of the atom, the pump light is frequency shifted by the second acousto-optic modulator to satisfy the red detuning condition of 500MHz, the second coupling light is narrow linewidth continuous laser, the frequency of the laser is locked to the transition frequency from the excited state to the Rydberg state of the atom, the second coupling light is frequency shifted by the electro-optic modulator by +500MHz first, and then is swept in the range of ±100MHz, and the atoms are excited to the Rydberg state by two-photon resonance.

[0043] The pump light is received by the detector, the atoms are determined to be in the Rydberg state by the electromagnetic induced transparency spectrum, and the number density of the Rydberg atoms is determined by the transmittance in the electromagnetic induced transparency spectrum.

[0044] The probe light received by the glass cell is spatially coincident with the first coupling light 1 and opposite in direction, wherein the probe light is narrow linewidth continuous laser, the frequency of the probe light is locked to the transition frequency from the ground state to the excited state of the atom with a blue detuning of 500MHz, the first coupling light 1 is narrow linewidth continuous laser, the frequency of the laser is locked to the transition frequency from the excited state to the Rydberg state of the atom, the first coupling light 1 is frequency shifted by the electro-optic modulator by -500MHz first, and then is swept in the range of ±100MHz with the frequency after the frequency shift as the center, and the atoms are excited to the Rydberg state by two-photon resonance.

[0045] The probe light is received by the detector, the atoms are determined to be in the Rydberg state by the electromagnetic induced transparency spectrum, and the number density of the Rydberg atoms is determined by the transmittance in the electromagnetic induced transparency spectrum.

[0046] The two paths of pumping light atoms are prepared to the same principal quantum number of the Rydberg state.

[0047] The alkali metal atom-containing glass cell is placed between the heating plates, and the system controls the temperature of the atom cell through the heating plates, so that the temperature of the glass cell changes from 20 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius at a step of 10 degrees Celsius. By gradually changing the temperature in the glass cell, the speed and collision probability of the atoms are controlled. When the alkali metal atoms are in the excited state, i.e., the ground state atoms are in the 2 energy level and the 7 energy level due to the action of the probe light and the pumping light, the atomic state interference is realized through the collision of atomic thermal motion, the interference cancellation of the atomic excited state is realized, and then the atoms are more in the Rydberg state, so that the number density of the Rydberg atoms is increased, and the sensitivity of the Rydberg atom measurement microwave system is directly improved.

[0048] The frequency of the reference light is the same as that of the probe light, and after interaction with the atoms in the glass cell, the reference light is finally received by the detector.

[0049] The probe light and the reference light signals collected by the balanced detector form an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, and the transmittance in the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum is used to determine that the number density of the Rydberg atoms gradually increases and stabilizes after reaching a peak value.

[0050] During verification, the glass cell receives the microwave signal. The balanced detector receives the probe light and the reference light, wherein the probe light is modulated by the microwave signal after passing through the atoms. The parameter information of the measured microwave signal can be obtained by using the balanced detector to differentiate the two light paths. When the resonant microwave signal is applied to the atoms, the number density of the Rydberg atoms reaches the maximum value, and the system has the strongest detection capability for the microwave signal, thereby greatly improving the sensitivity of the atomic microwave measurement system.

[0051] According to the above technical scheme, the alkali metal atoms, such as rubidium atoms and cesium atoms, can be set according to actual conditions.

[0052] Embodiment:

[0053] A specific description is made of a Rydberg atom high-efficiency pumping system based on dissipation induction by using rubidium atoms as the controlled atoms.

[0054] As shown in Figure 2 , the 5S 1 / 2 energy level of the rubidium atom is selected as the ground state of the atom, i.e., the atom energy level 1 and the atom energy level 5, the 5P 3 / 2 energy level of the atom is selected as the excited state of the atom, i.e., the atom energy level 2 and the atom energy level 7, and the 70S 1 / 2 energy level of the rubidium atom is selected as the Rydberg state of the atom, i.e., the atom energy level 4 and the atom energy level 8.

[0055] The probe light, reference light, and pump light are continuous laser beams from the same laser. An optical prism is used to split a single beam into three parallel beams in space, parallel to the table and to each other. The beam waist diameter is about 600 μm. The frequency of the laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the ground state energy level to the excited state energy level of the atom, that is, the resonance frequency from the atomic energy level 1 (5) to the atomic energy level 2 (7), with a frequency of 384.23034 THz. The middle beam is used as the reference light, and the optical power intensity is controlled at 80 μW. An acousto-optic modulator is used to shift the frequency of one of the laser beams by +500 MHz and use it as the probe light, with the optical power intensity controlled at 80 μW. An acousto-optic modulator is used to shift the frequency of the other laser beam by -500 MHz and use it as the pump light, with the optical power intensity controlled at 80 μW.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown ( Figure 2 In the above, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 represent energy levels. The first coupling light 1 and the second coupling light 2 are continuous lasers from the same laser. An optical prism is used to split a beam of light into two beams that are parallel to the table and parallel to each other in space. The frequency of the laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the excited state energy level to the Rydberg state energy level of the atom, which is 625.05862 THz, that is, the resonance frequency from the atomic energy level 2 (7) to the atomic energy level 4 (8). An electro-optic modulator is used to shift the frequency of one of the lasers by -500MHz as the center frequency and sweep the frequency by ±100MHz. It is used as the first coupling light 1 with a beam waist diameter of about 1250μm and an optical power intensity controlled at 400mW. An electro-optic modulator is used to shift the frequency of the other laser by +500MHz and sweep the frequency by ±100MHz. It is used as the second coupling light 2 with a beam waist diameter of about 1250μm and an optical power intensity controlled at 400mW.

[0057] At this time, the probe light, reference light, and pump light are injected in parallel from the left side of the glass gas chamber, and the first coupling light 1 and the second coupling light 2 are injected in parallel from the right side of the glass gas chamber. The first coupling light 1 and the second coupling light 2 coincide with the probe light and the pump light, respectively.

[0058] By using a balanced detector to collect the probe light and reference light path, and using an oscilloscope to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum, it was found that the Rydberg atom pumping was successful. The Rydberg atom number density was then determined using the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum.

[0059] The reference light and pump light paths were collected using a balanced detector, and the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum was obtained using an oscilloscope, indicating that the Rydberg atom pumping was successful. The Rydberg atom number density was determined using the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum.

[0060] The glass gas chamber is heated by controlling the heating plate, so that the temperature change of the glass gas chamber is gradually added from 20 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius by 10 degrees Celsius, and meanwhile, the balance detector is used to collect the detection light and reference light path, so as to form an electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum, and the Rydberg atom number density is judged by using the transmittance, and with the increase of the number of Rydberg atoms, the transmittance of the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum is increased, and after reaching the maximum value, it tends to be stable, at this time, the number of Rydberg atoms is the maximum value, and the system sensitivity is the highest.

[0061] In order to verify the efficiency of the pump system of the application, a microwave signal with a frequency of 10.68GHz is injected into the glass gas chamber, the microwave signal with the frequency resonates with the transition frequency of the Rydberg atom energy level 4(8) and the energy level 9, the microwave signal can couple the two energy levels together to produce the AT (Autler-Townes effect) effect, and the spacing Δf split by the AT is directly related to the electric field strength E, and the formula is used:

[0062] E=(2πhΔf) / μ

[0063] Wherein, μ is the atomic transition dipole moment, and h is the Planck constant;By the above technical scheme and steps, the resolution of Δf is reduced, the measurable electric field strength E of the Rydberg atom is reduced, and the system sensitivity is improved.

[0064] The application innovatively realizes a high-efficiency Rydberg atom pumping system based on dissipation induction, utilizes the non-hermitian quantum effect of the dissipation-induced atomic ensemble, combines precise pump light phase control and atomic gas chamber temperature control, realizes atomic internal state interference, eliminates atomic excited state, and arranges the atomic layout number in the Rydberg state, so that the technical scheme can quickly pump larger density Rydberg atoms, directly realizes high-sensitivity microwave measurement, and greatly improves the microwave measurement sensitivity.

[0065] The application realizes a high-density Rydberg atom pumping system by controlling the non-hermitian quantum process of the atom, and improves the sensitivity of the atomic microwave measurement system.

[0066] The contents not described in detail in the specification of the application belong to the known technology of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency pumping system based on dissipative-induced Rydberg atoms, characterized in that, Comprise: First laser, second laser, glass cell containing alkali metal atoms, heating plate, first beam splitter prism, first acousto-optic modulator, second acousto-optic modulator, second beam splitter prism, first plane high reflection mirror, second plane high reflection mirror, piezoelectric ceramic high reflection mirror, first long wave pass mirror, second long wave pass mirror, first balanced detector, second balanced detector, third beam splitter prism, first electro-optic modulator, second electro-optic modulator, optical garbage can, phase-locked laser, fourth beam splitter prism, fifth beam splitter prism; The glass cell containing alkali metal atoms is located between two heating plates, and the heating plates are powered on to heat the atomic cell; the first laser emits continuous laser, which is split into two beams by the first beam splitter prism, one of which is transmitted through the first beam splitter prism and then frequency-shifted by the first acousto-optic modulator to be used as probe light; the other beam is split into two beams again by the second beam splitter prism, one of which is reflected by the first plane high reflection mirror and then frequency-shifted by the second acousto-optic modulator to be used as pump light; the other beam is reflected by the second beam splitter prism and used directly as reference light; the three beams of probe light, pump light and reference light are spatially parallel, reflected by the first plane high reflection mirror and the piezoelectric ceramic high reflection mirror to be parallel to the heating plate, and then transmitted through the first long wave pass mirror to enter the glass cell from one side; The phase-locked laser emits continuous phase-locked laser, which is split into two beams by the fourth beam splitter prism, one of which has the same path as the probe light in space, reflected by the first plane high reflection mirror and the piezoelectric ceramic high reflection mirror to be parallel to the heating plate, and then enters the glass cell from one side, and after passing through the glass cell, it is combined with the other beam of phase-locked laser to beat frequency by the fifth beam splitter prism, and the beat frequency signal is received by the second balanced detector, which is used to obtain the lock-in signal, which is input to the piezoelectric ceramic high reflection mirror to realize the path locking of the probe light, pump light and reference light, and at the same time realize the precise control and locking of the phase of the probe light and pump light; The second laser emits continuous laser, which is split into two beams by the third beam splitter prism, one of which is reflected by the second plane high reflection mirror after being transmitted through the third beam splitter prism, and then modulated by the first electro-optic modulator to be used as the first coupling light; the other beam is modulated by the second electro-optic modulator after being reflected by the third beam splitter prism to be used as the second coupling light; the first coupling light and the second coupling light are reflected by the second long wave pass mirror to enter the glass cell from the other side, and the first coupling light coincides with the probe light and the second coupling light coincides with the pump light; after the first coupling light and the second coupling light interact with the atoms, they are reflected by the first long wave pass mirror and received by the optical garbage can; The first balanced detector is used to collect the probe light and reference light paths to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum and the Rydberg atom number density.

2. The high-efficiency pumping system based on dissipative-induced Rydberg atoms of claim 1, wherein, The frequency of the first laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the ground state energy level to the excited state energy level of the atom; The probe light is obtained by blue detuning frequency shift of the first acousto-optic modulator, and satisfies the large detuning condition, i.e. the detuning frequency is much larger than the Rabi frequency; The pump light is obtained by red detuning frequency shift of the second acousto-optic modulator, and satisfies a large detuning condition, i.e. the detuning frequency is far greater than the Rabi frequency.

3. The high-efficiency pumping system based on dissipative-induced Rydberg atoms of claim 2, wherein, The light power intensity of the pump light, the reference light and the probe light is 80 muW, and the beam waist diameter of the Gaussian beam is 600 mu m.

4. The high efficiency pumping system based on dissipative induced Rydberg atoms of claim 1, wherein, The frequency of the second laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the excited state energy level to the Rydberg state energy level of the atom; The continuous laser emitted by the second laser is split into two beams by the third beam splitting prism, one of which is reflected by the second plane high reflection mirror to the first electro-optic modulator after being transmitted through the third beam splitting prism, the first electro-optic modulator shifts the frequency of the transmitted laser to the two-photon resonance frequency with the probe light, and sweeps the frequency by ±100 MHz with the center frequency, which is used as the first coupling light, the other beam enters the second electro-optic modulator after being reflected by the third beam splitting prism, the second electro-optic modulator shifts the center frequency to satisfy the two-photon resonance frequency condition with the pump light, which is used as the second coupling light.

5. A high efficiency pumping system based on dissipative induced Rydberg atoms according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first coupling light and the second coupling light are Gaussian beams with a light power intensity of 400 mW and a beam waist diameter of 1250 mu m.

6. The high efficiency pumping system based on dissipative induced Rydberg atoms of claim 1, wherein, The heating plate is controlled to heat the atomic cell, so that the temperature of the atomic cell rises to 80 degrees Celsius.

7. A high-efficiency pumping system based on dissipative-induced Rydberg atoms according to claim 6, characterized in that, A measurement feedback unit is arranged on the heating plate to obtain the temperature of the glass cell in real time, so as to accurately control the temperature.

8. The high efficiency pumping system based on dissipative induced Rydberg atoms of claim 1, wherein, The continuous phase-locked laser emitted by the phase-locked laser is the same as the laser emitted by the first laser in wavelength.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of pumping Rydberg atoms with high efficiency is characterized by, The application comprises: The first laser emits continuous laser, which is optically processed to form three lasers parallel to the heating plate, one of which is used as reference light, and the other two are used as probe light and pump light; The pump light, the reference light and the probe light enter the glass cell from one side; The second laser emits continuous laser, which is optically processed to form two lasers parallel to the heating plate, i.e. the first coupling light and the second coupling light; The first coupling light and the second coupling light enter the glass cell from the other side, and the first coupling light coincides with the probe light, and the second coupling light coincides with the pump light; The probe light and the reference light are received by the balanced detector to obtain the difference signal of the two lasers, and the difference signal is input into the oscilloscope to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum, when the transmission peak signal appears in the spectrum, it indicates that the Rydberg atom pumping is successful, and the transmission rate of the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum can be used to judge the number density of the Rydberg atom; The heating plate is powered on to heat the atomic cell, so that the temperature of the atomic cell rises to 80 degrees Celsius; While heating the atomic cell, the probe light and the reference light are received by the balanced detector, and the transmission rate information of the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum is obtained on the oscilloscope to monitor the change of the number density of the Rydberg atom, as the number of the Rydberg atom increases, the transmission rate of the electromagnetically induced transparent transmission spectrum increases, and after reaching the maximum, it tends to be stable, at this time, the number of the Rydberg atom is the maximum, and the pumping efficiency of the system is the highest.

10. The Rydberg atom high efficiency pumping method of claim 9, wherein, The frequency of the first laser is locked to the resonance frequency of the transition from the ground state energy level to the excited state energy level of the atom; The first laser emits continuous laser, and after optical processing, three parallel laser beams of the heating plate are formed, wherein the middle laser beam acts as reference light, a first acousto-optic modulator performs blue frequency shift on one of the other two laser beams to meet the large detuning condition to obtain probe light, and performs red frequency shift on the other laser beam to meet the large detuning condition to obtain pump light.

Images