A water and fertilizer management method for improving the yield and quality of edible roses through water deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer substitution.

Abstract

This invention provides a water and fertilizer management method for improving the yield and quality of edible roses through deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer substitution, relating to the field of agricultural planting technology. This invention uses two-year-old dark red edible roses as the test material, and conducts irrigation and fertilization treatments during the rose's growth process, setting three irrigation levels (full irrigation CI and two deficit irrigations: DI). 80 and DI 60 The irrigation amounts for deficit irrigation were 80% and 60% of those for full irrigation, respectively, and there were four fertilization levels (F0: fertilizer alone, F...). 15 Organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer by 15%, F 30 Organic fertilizer replaces 30% of chemical fertilizer and F 45 This invention investigated the effects of deficit irrigation (80% of full irrigation) and partial organic fertilizer substitution (30% of chemical fertilizer) on the yield and quality of edible roses using 12 complete combination treatments. The method of coupling deficit irrigation (80% of full irrigation) and organic fertilizer substitution significantly improved the yield and quality of edible roses, reduced fertilizer use and water waste, and provided a scientific theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management of edible roses.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of scientific planting of edible roses, and relates to a water and fertilizer management method for improving yield and quality of edible roses by water deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement. BACKGROUND

[0002] Edible roses have good ornamental value, nutritional value and medicinal value. Yunnan Province is the first flower province in China and is one of the main production areas of edible roses. At present, the planting area of edible roses in Yunnan is about 6700 hm 2 , accounting for about 50% of the total area of edible flowers in Yunnan Province. Edible rose planting and processing has become an important pillar industry in Yunnan area. However, the partial or excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the production of edible roses leads to low organic matter content, compaction and secondary salinization, and nutrient imbalance. If the water and fertilizer supply does not match the plant growth, and if pesticides are frequently applied, it will lead to a series of soil ecological environment problems such as deterioration of soil microbial community, frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases, etc., ultimately causing plant growth retardation, decreased growth, reduced yield and deteriorated quality. Reasonably adjusting the irrigation amount and the proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer can effectively optimize the soil environment for the growth of edible roses, reduce disease occurrence, and significantly improve the yield and quality.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a method for determining the best proportion of biological organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer and the most suitable irrigation level. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the fact that the water and fertilizer supply does not match the plant growth, and pesticides are frequently applied in the current edible rose planting process, which leads to a series of soil ecological environment problems such as deterioration of soil microbial community, frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases, etc., ultimately causing plant growth retardation, decreased growth, reduced yield and deteriorated quality, a water and fertilizer management method for improving yield and quality of edible roses by water deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement is proposed

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions: taking 2-year-old "black red" edible roses as the research object to carry out continuous field test, setting 3 irrigation levels and 4 organic fertilizer replacement chemical fertilizer ratios on the basis of total annual application of chemical fertilizer of 1500 kg·hm -2 , focusing on the influence of water deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of edible roses, and comprehensively evaluating the quality improvement and yield increase effect of each treatment on edible roses.

[0006] A water and fertilizer management method for improving yield and quality of edible roses by water deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Selecting 2-year-old "black red" edible roses as the test material, after transplanting the edible roses, sufficient irrigation is needed and seedling stage management is carried out, the plant spacing of rose planting is 0.2 m, and the row spacing is 0.3 m;

[0008] (2) During the growth of roses, three irrigation levels and four proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer were set, and a complete combination design was used, with a total of 12 treatments, 3 replicates for each treatment, wherein CIF0 (CI: sufficient irrigation; F0: single application of chemical fertilizer) treatment was the control (CK) of the experiment.

[0009] (3) The yield of edible roses was determined by weighing method. During the experiment, the flowers of edible roses that were not fully blooming were picked according to the actual flowering frequency of roses and weighed. The total yield of edible roses in two years was finally summarized respectively. The petals of edible roses picked back were vacuum freeze-dried, uniformly ground and crushed through a 1 mm sieve, and then loaded into different sealed bags according to different treatments, and the quality of edible roses in each treatment was determined respectively.

[0010] Preferably, characterized in that, the three irrigation levels in step (2) are CI: sufficient irrigation, DI 80 : 80% of sufficient irrigation, DI 60 : 60% of sufficient irrigation respectively; the irrigation is drip irrigation, when the irrigation is drip irrigation, the way of the drip irrigation is to use a drip irrigation system to carry out the drip irrigation;

[0011] Wherein, the flow is 1.2L·h -1 . The drip irrigation belt is arranged at a distance of 5 cm from the base of the edible rose seedling, and the outlet spacing of the drip irrigation belt is 20 cm, which is consistent with the planting distance of roses, that is, one drip irrigation outlet is set beside each rose;

[0012] The four fertilization levels in step (2) are single application of chemical fertilizer (F0: 1500 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 ), organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer by 15% (F 15 : 1149 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 8100 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 ), organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer by 30% (F 30 : 900 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 16200 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 ), and organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer by 45% (F 45 : 690 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 24300 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 );

[0013] Preferably, the commodity organic fertilizer is sheep manure organic fertilizer; preferably, the sheep manure organic fertilizer has a pH of 6.2, contains 61.5% of organic matter, and has an effective viable bacterial number (Bacillus subtilis) of 1.278 billion / g -1 , a moisture content of 6.9%, a nitrogen content (N) of 0.7-0.8%, a phosphorus content (P2O5) of 0.45-0.6%, and a potassium content (K2O) of 0.4-0.5%;

[0014] The chemical fertilizer is a compound element water-soluble fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O=20:20:20.

[0015] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer in March 2022 and March 2023, respectively, and the application mode is to dig a ring-shaped ditch with a depth of about 20 cm at a distance of 10 cm from the rose seedling as the center, and then uniformly spread the bio-organic fertilizer and cover the soil.

[0016] Preferably, the application mode of the chemical fertilizer is surface drip irrigation of water-soluble fertilizer, and no fertilizer is applied in December and January during the two-year test period, and the chemical fertilizer is applied in equal amounts in the middle of the remaining months. After dilution twice, the chemical fertilizer is applied to the rose root zone soil through the irrigation emitter with irrigation water.

[0017] The test soil of the test land is red-brown soil, and the initial pH value is between 6.5-7.7, the organic matter content is 5.15 g / kg -1 , the total nitrogen content is 0.97 g / kg -1 , the total phosphorus content is 0.68 g / kg -1 , and the total potassium content is 13.9 g / kg -1 .

[0018] The positive effects of the present application are:

[0019] (1) The present application uses the method of water deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement to significantly improve the yield and quality of edible roses.

[0020] (2) The present application proposes the optimal water deficit irrigation level and the combination mode of the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer for edible rose planting, which can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and water resource waste, is conducive to environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development, and provides a scientific theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management of edible roses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show the embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 A technical roadmap for Example 1;

[0023] Figure 2 A management layout for Example 1;

[0024] Figure 3 A yield map of edible rose flowers;

[0025] Figure 4 A nutritional quality map of edible rose flowers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. The following description is merely an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application in any form. Although the present application is disclosed with the preferred embodiments as follows, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the disclosed technical content within the scope of the present application without departing from the technical solution of the present application, and such equivalent embodiments are also equivalent to the equivalent embodiments, which are within the scope of the technical solution.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the examples of the present application are purchased through commercial channels and are directly used without any special treatment.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the analysis methods in the examples all use the conventional settings of instruments or equipment and conventional analysis methods.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A water-saving irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement method for improving the yield and quality of edible rose, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0031] 1.1 Application object: Select 2-year-old "black red" edible rose as the test material. After transplanting the edible rose, sufficient irrigation is needed and seedling stage management is needed. The plant spacing of rose planting is 0.2 m, and the row spacing is 0.3 m.

[0032] 1.2 The specific steps of the method are as follows:

[0033] 1.2.1 This example 1 was carried out in a plastic greenhouse (24°84'N, 102°86'E, 1978.9 m above sea level) of the Modern Agricultural Engineering College of Kunming University of Science and Technology in southwest China in 2022-2023. In the edible rose planting test area, the average annual temperature is maintained at 24°C, and the relative humidity is 38-70%;

[0034] 1.2.2 According to the local planting fertilizer application level reference value of edible rose, the total amount of chemical fertilizer applied to edible rose in one year is determined to be 1500 kg·hm -2On this basis, according to the nitrogen content in chemical fertilizer and bio-fertilizer, the reduction amount of chemical fertilizer and the replacement amount of organic fertilizer are determined respectively to ensure the total nitrogen content of each fertilization treatment to be consistent. This test sets two factors of water deficit irrigation level and organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer ratio, three irrigation levels are CI: full irrigation, DI 80 : 80% of full irrigation, DI 60 : 60% of full irrigation; four fertilization levels are single chemical fertilizer (F0: 1500 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 ), organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer by 15% (F 15 : 1149 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 8100 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 ), organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer by 30% (F 30 : 900 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 16200 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 ), and organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer by 45% (F 45 : 690 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 24300 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 ); wherein CIF0 (CI: full irrigation; F0: single chemical fertilizer) treatment is the control (CK) of the test.

[0035] 1.2.3 The commercial organic fertilizer used in Example 1 is made of sheep manure, with pH of 6.2, organic matter content of 61.5%, effective viable bacteria number (Bacillus subtilis) of 1.278 billion·g -1 , moisture content of 6.9%, nitrogen content (N) of 0.7-0.8%, phosphorus content (P2O5) of 0.45-0.6%, and potassium content (K2O) of 0.4-0.5%; the chemical fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer of macroelements (N:P2O5:K2O = 20:20:20).

[0036] 1.2.4 Organic fertilizer application method: organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer in March 2022 and March 2023 respectively, and is evenly applied in a ring-shaped ditch with a depth of about 20 cm around the rose seedling at a distance of 10 cm from the rose seedling, and then is covered with soil. Chemical fertilizer application method: water-soluble fertilizer is applied by surface drip irrigation, and no fertilizer is applied in December and January during the two-year test period, and the same amount of chemical fertilizer is applied in the middle of each month, and the chemical fertilizer is diluted twice and then applied to the root zone soil of the rose through the irrigation water by the irrigation emitter.

[0037] 1.2.5 The irrigation amount is determined based on the water surface evaporation rate in Example 1. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0038] ET c =ET p ×K cp (1)

[0039] Where: ET c Indicates irrigation volume (mm); ET p K represents the water surface evaporation (mm) measured in a standard evaporation dish during the interval between two water fillings. cp For the evaporation dish coefficient, CI is selected as 1.1 and DI as DI in this embodiment. 80 0.9, DI 60 It is 0.7.

[0040] 1.2.6 The drip irrigation fertilization system consists of a water meter, a Venturi fertilizer filter, main pipes, branch pipes, and emitters. The drip irrigation tape flow rate is 1.2 L·h. -1 Drip irrigation tape was placed 5cm from the base of the edible rose seedlings, with the drip outlets spaced 20cm apart, consistent with the planting spacing of the edible roses. See the detailed experimental setup diagram below. Figure 2 .

[0041] The overall technical route of Example 1 is shown below. Figure 1 .

[0042] In Example 1, the yield of edible roses was determined by weighing. During the experiment, roses that were not fully open were harvested from plots divided according to each treatment. The weight of all fresh flowers in each treatment was weighed immediately after harvesting, and the total yield of edible roses for the two years was finally summarized. When converting the yield, the actual planting area was used, and the conversion unit was kg·hm². -2 .

[0043] The specific procedure for yield measurement is as follows: Half-open roses are picked, meaning the rose is bowl-shaped with the outer 3-4 layers of petals already open, while the remaining petals are closed and the stamens are not yet exposed. The flowers are then weighed. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0044] from Figure 3 The results show that there are significant differences in the yield of edible roses among different irrigation and fertilization treatments. Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer alone (F0), the application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of edible roses. The yield of edible roses in 2022 was [data missing - likely related to CIF]. 30 (CI: Full irrigation; F) 30 The organic fertilizer substitution rate for chemical fertilizer reached its maximum at 30%, and the edible rose yield in 2023 and the two-year average both fell within the DI range. 80 F 30 (DI 80 : 80% of fully irrigated; F30 The organic fertilizer substitution rate for chemical fertilizer reached its maximum at 30%. This may be because edible roses were in their vigorous growth period in 2022, requiring higher water levels; insufficient water supply would reduce their yield. Furthermore, as the roses continued to grow, their drought-resistant characteristics became more prominent, and excessive soil moisture was actually detrimental to increased rose production. Implementing irrigation management and using bio-organic fertilizers are key strategies to ensure high-quality and stable yields of edible roses. Therefore, for flower growers, it is recommended to adopt DI (Diluted Organic Fertilizer) to increase the yield of edible roses. 80 F 30 (DI 80 : 80% of fully irrigated; F 30 Treatment: Organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer at a rate of 30%.

[0045] In Example 1, rose samples were collected from two years of experiments to determine their nutritional quality. Specifically, roses that were not fully open were harvested from plots divided according to each treatment. Different treatments were placed in different sealed bags, vacuum freeze-dried, and then uniformly ground and sieved through a 1mm sieve before the quality of the roses in each treatment was determined.

[0046] The total polyphenol content (mg·g) -1 The total flavonoid content (mg·g) was determined by spectrophotometry according to standard TAHFIA005-2018. -1 According to standard TZMX004-2020, the soluble sugar content (g·100g) was measured at a wavelength of 291nm using a UV spectrophotometer. -1 The total antioxidant capacity (μmol·ml) was determined by potassium permanganate titration according to standard GB / T 5009.7-2008. -1 The anthocyanin content (mg / 100g) was determined using the (T-AOC) kit at a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 593 nm. -1 The results were measured according to standard DB12T 885-2019. Figure 4 As shown.

[0047] Depend on Figure 4 The results showed that, under the same irrigation level, the application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the quality indicators of roses compared with the application of chemical fertilizer alone. Among them, the total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and total antioxidant activity of edible roses first increased and then decreased with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer, and all were in the highest values ​​of the fertilization treatment F. 30 The organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer ratio reached a relatively high value at 30%. The quality of edible roses also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with decreasing irrigation, reaching a relatively high value at DI. 80 The highest values ​​were observed at 80% (fully irrigated). Edible roses can tolerate a certain degree of cold and drought, but too much or too little soil moisture will affect their growth, thus impacting their yield and quality. Overall, the quality of edible roses remained within the DI range throughout the two-year trial.80 F 30 (DI 80 : 80% of fully irrigated; F 30 The value was relatively large at the point where organic fertilizer replaced chemical fertilizer at a rate of 30%. Therefore, it is recommended to use DI (dissolved organic fertilizer) when planting edible roses. 80 F 30 (DI 80 : 80% of fully irrigated; F 30 The treatment involves replacing 30% of the chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, which not only reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer used and water waste, but also improves the quality of edible roses.

[0048] This application uses the TOPSIS method to evaluate the comprehensive impact of different combinations of water-deficient irrigation and fertilization strategies on edible roses. By quantifying the distance between the evaluation objects and indicators, the relative advantages of each strategy are further determined. The specific evaluation process first standardizes the selected indicators to construct a data matrix R reflecting the relationship between the evaluation objects and indicators. Then, by calculating the Euclidean distances D+ and D- between each scheme and the ideal solution, as well as the relative proximity Ci, the various irrigation and fertilization treatments are ranked according to their relative proximity, providing a basis for decision-making. The evaluation indicators selected in this study include edible rose yield, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, soluble sugars, total antioxidant activity, and anthocyanins, aiming to form a comprehensive evaluation system through specific calculation steps. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1 TOPSIS Comprehensive Scoring Table

[0050]

[0051] The results in Table 1 show that the treatment with the best overall performance is DI. 80 F 30 (DI 80 : 80% of fully irrigated; F 30 (30% organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer). This conclusion clarifies that, while maintaining a reasonable irrigation level for edible roses, replacing chemical fertilizer with 30% organic fertilizer can effectively improve the yield and quality of edible roses. Therefore, considering both improving cultivation quality and reducing water and fertilizer waste, it is recommended to... 80 F 30 (DI 80 : 80% of fully irrigated; F 30 The optimal irrigation and fertilization strategy for edible roses is to replace 30% of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers.

[0052] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer management method for improving the yield and quality of edible roses by water-deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement, characterized in that, Specific steps of the method are as follows: (1) Select 2-year-old "black red" edible rose as test material, after transplanting edible rose, sufficient irrigation is needed and seedling stage management is carried out, the plant spacing of rose planting is 0.2 m, and the row spacing is 0.3 m; (2) During the growth of rose, 3 irrigation levels and 4 organic fertilizer replacement chemical fertilizer ratios are set, complete combination design, a total of 12 treatments, 3 repeats for each treatment, wherein CI in CIF0: sufficient irrigation; F0: single application of chemical fertilizer, the treatment is the control of the test as CK; (3) The yield of edible rose is determined by weighing method, during the test, according to the actual flowering frequency of rose, the flowers of each treatment which are not fully in full bloom are picked and weighed, and finally the total yield of two-year edible rose is respectively summarized; The picked edible rose petals are vacuum freeze-dried, uniformly ground and crushed through 1mm sieve, and then according to different treatments, different sealed bags are filled, and the quality of edible rose of each treatment is respectively determined; In step (2), the 3 irrigation levels are CI: sufficient irrigation, DI80: 80% of sufficient irrigation, and DI60: 60% of sufficient irrigation; the irrigation method is drip irrigation; In step (2), the four fertilization levels are single chemical fertilizer F0: 1500 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 , organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer 15% F15: 1149 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 8100 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 , organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer 30% F30: 900 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 16200 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 , organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer 45% F45: 690 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 + organic fertilizer 24300 kg·hm -2 ·year -1 .

2. The water and fertilizer management method for deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement to improve the yield and quality of edible rose according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is sheep manure organic fertilizer; preferably, the pH of the sheep manure organic fertilizer is 6.2, the organic matter content is 61.5%, the effective active bacteria number of bacillus subtilis is 1.278 billion·g-1, the water content is 6.9%, the nitrogen content N is 0.7-0.8%, the phosphorus content P2O5 is 0.45-0.6%, and the potassium content K2O is 0.4-0.5%.

3. The water and fertilizer management method for water deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement to improve the yield and quality of edible rose according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical fertilizer is a compound element water-soluble fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O=20:20:

20.

4. The water and fertilizer management method for deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement to improve the yield and quality of edible rose according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer once respectively, and the application method is to excavate a ring-shaped ditch with a depth of about 20 cm at a distance of 10 cm from the rose seedling as the center, then uniformly spread the biological organic fertilizer and cover the soil.

5. The water and fertilizer management method for deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement to improve the yield and quality of edible rose according to claim 2, characterized in that: The application method of the chemical fertilizer is surface drip irrigation of water-soluble fertilizer, during the two-year test period, no fertilizer is applied in December and January, and the rest of the month, the chemical fertilizer is applied in equal amount in the middle of each month, after dilution twice, the chemical fertilizer is applied to the root zone soil of rose through the irrigation water through the irrigation device.

6. The water and fertilizer management method for deficit irrigation and organic fertilizer replacement to improve the yield and quality of edible rose according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the quality includes total polyphenol, total flavonoid, soluble sugar, total antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content.

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