A kind of tailings pond wetting line control system and control method under photothermal drive

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of tailing pond wetting line control system and control method under photothermal drive, control system includes wetting line observation and control pipeline, light protection cover, condensation heat exchange device, photothermal drive device and water collecting device.Control method includes drilling and implanting pipeline, setting water-absorbing material layer, connecting each facility and installing light protection cover.The application realizes self-driven external transport of tailing dam water, low-carbon environmental protection of consumables, easy implementation and operation;Tailing water extraction realizes wetting line depth control, while taking into account comprehensive utilization of water resources, tailing pond engineering emergency and ecological cross-disciplinary and technology upgrading can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of tailing pond safety management and water resource recycling, and particularly relates to a tailing pond saturation line control system and control method under photothermal driving. BACKGROUND

[0002] The tailing pond is a place for storing tailings discharged after ore separation in metal and non-metal mines. The saturation line of the tailing pond, i.e. the free water surface line of the seepage network, is the lifeline of the tailing dam safety.

[0003] The control of the saturation line depth of the tailing pond is the most important in safety management, and the mine enterprises invest a large amount of manpower and material resources for many years to meet the control of the saturation line depth required for safe operation. However, there are few literatures and engineering implementation cases for the recycling of tailing water in the tailing dam body. Under the existing technical conditions, the tailing water in the saturation line of the tailing dam is often regarded as one of the main factors inducing the dam break of the tailing pond, and the water resource attribute is not concerned and developed.

[0004] Currently, the key technologies for the phreatic line of tailings pond are as follows: 1) phreatic line observation technology. By setting artificial and online phreatic line observation facilities, the actual phreatic line depth of the tailings pond is quantified and visualized, and a number of technical standards are set as guidelines for monitoring, early warning and other practical work. 2) Phreatic line reduction technology. Among them, the mature horizontal drainage technology includes: (1) pre-drainage blind ditch; (2) drainage mattress; (3) post-slot pipe. Horizontal drainage is a preferred drainage technology at present, which is set by gravity layering, uses tailings particles and filter materials (graded gravel, geosynthetic materials, etc.) to set drainage facilities, and is composed of facilities such as catchment pipe section and water guide pipe section. It collects tailings water and discharges it from the tailings pond by gravity flow. The drainage effect is good at the initial stage of implementation, but as the drainage facilities deform and the filter material clogs, the effect decreases. The mature vertical drainage technology includes: (1) radial well; (2) drainage well. In the case where the horizontal drainage effect of the drainage facility is not enough to meet the requirements of phreatic line control, it becomes an optional technical solution. The main problem of vertical drainage is that it needs to be assisted by electric extraction of tailings water, which consumes a lot of energy. Recently, horizontal and vertical combined seepage prevention has been increasingly adopted by engineers, but the problems of the two have not been effectively solved. For example, the authorized announcement No. CN111397685B discloses an intelligent prediction method for tailings pond phreatic line based on online monitoring system, the authorized announcement No. CN111210403B discloses a soil phreatic line detection method; the authorized announcement No. CN102041845B discloses a combined drainage system for effectively reducing the phreatic line of tailings pond accumulation dam, the authorized announcement No. CN116090080B discloses a design method for the stepped steep drop structure of the full-section phreatic line of tailings dam, the authorized announcement No. CN111254910B discloses a tailings dam drainage pipe construction process, the authorized announcement No. CN111305142B discloses a structure and design method for reducing the phreatic line of wet drainage tailings pond, the application publication No. CN116733094A discloses a tailings pond drainage method, the application publication No. CN1098261870A discloses a tailings dam drainage reinforcement system, and the application publication No. CN117684636A discloses an automatic drainage system for tailings pond.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned solutions have the following disadvantages: (1) single phreatic line observation or reduction technology, which fails to combine the two requirements organically; (2) still limited to the optimization of drainage materials and the combination of structural methods; (3) no new solution is proposed for energy consumption; (4) the focus is on the phreatic line control of wet upstream tailings dam method tailings pond, and the applicability of dry stacking, midline tailings dam method and downstream tailings dam method is not seen in the relevant public data; (5) the above inventions fail to take into account the actual needs of mine enterprise tailings dam safety management and water resource recycling and other green mine construction.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a tailings pond infiltration line control system and control method under photothermal driving to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the technical problems existing in the safety management of tailings dam and water resource recycling technology in the existing mining development process, a first object of the present application is to provide a tailings pond infiltration line control system under photothermal driving, which uses the characteristics of moisture absorption and quick drying of the water absorption material to capture and adsorb the saturated humidity in the tailings dam. Through the capillary action and the continuous upward transport of water under the photothermal driving of the MXene material, the water in the pipeline is continuously extracted and transported outside, thereby promoting the continuous decline of the infiltration line. At the same time, the formed steam is collected by condensation, realizing the efficient recycling of tailings water resources, and solving the problem of tailings pond infiltration line control under different stacking methods and dam building methods at low cost.

[0008] A second object of the present application is to provide a control method for a tailings pond infiltration line control system under photothermal driving.

[0009] The first object of the present application is achieved by a tailings pond infiltration line control system under photothermal driving, which comprises an infiltration line observation and control pipeline, a light-transmitting protective cover, a condensation heat exchange device, a photothermal driving device, and a water collecting device. The infiltration line observation and control pipeline is implanted in a tailings dam drill hole, and the lower end of the infiltration line observation and control pipeline is below the control infiltration line position. An upper portion of the infiltration line observation and control pipeline is provided with a water absorption material layer. The light-transmitting protective cover is arranged on the tailings dam and covers the drill hole. The light-transmitting protective cover is provided with the condensation heat exchange device and the photothermal driving device. The bottom of the condensation heat exchange device is provided with the water collecting device.

[0010] The condensation heat exchange device comprises a first support shell and a heat exchange pipe. The heat exchange pipe is arranged in the support shell, and the heat exchange pipe is filled with water absorption material.

[0011] The photothermal driving device comprises a second support shell, a capillary action layer, and a photothermal conversion layer. The capillary action layer and the photothermal conversion layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the second support shell.

[0012] The upper end of the water absorption material layer is connected to the inlet end of the heat exchange pipe through a first connecting pipeline, and the first connecting pipeline is filled with water absorption material. The water absorption material layer is in close contact with the water absorption material of the first connecting pipeline. The water absorption material in the heat exchange pipe is in close contact with the water absorption material of the first connecting pipeline. The outlet end of the heat exchange pipe is communicated with the lower part of the second support shell through a second connecting pipeline. The capillary action layer is in close contact with the water absorption material of the second connecting pipeline. The water absorption material in the heat exchange pipe is in close contact with the water absorption material of the second connecting pipeline.

[0013] The pipe material used for the infiltration line observation and control pipeline is a pipe, a PVC pipe, or an HDPE pipe, etc. The drill hole diameter is controlled to be 150-300 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the lower end of the phreatic line observation and control pipeline enters the control phreatic line at a depth of not less than 2.0m, preferably 6m to 30m, and the actual depth is determined according to the phreatic line burial depth and control requirements of the tailings dam.

[0015] Preferably, the upper part of the immersion line observation and control pipe is a closed section, and the lower part is a permeable section. A sealing layer is provided outside the closed section, and permeable holes are provided in the permeable section pipe body. A filter layer is provided outside the permeable section; the filter layer can be made of artificial geosynthetic material, geotextile, 200g / m². 2 ~800g / m 2 Alternatively, stainless steel mesh can be selected, with the mesh size chosen based on the tailings particle size distribution; crushed stone or quartz sand can also be selected, with a particle size of 2mm to 50mm; the sealing material can be clay, clay balls, fine stone concrete, etc.

[0016] Preferably, there are multiple immersion line observation and control pipes, which are arranged in a quincunx pattern with a spacing of 100mm to 300mm.

[0017] Preferably, the projected area of ​​the light-transmitting protective cover is 6~8m². 2 There are multiple light-transmitting protective covers, which are arranged in a quincunx pattern on the tailings dam. The horizontal spacing is controlled between 50m and 200m, and the height difference between adjacent light-transmitting protective covers is controlled between 5m and 15m.

[0018] The light-transmitting protective cover is a protective cover that allows full-spectrum sunlight to pass through. It consists of a peripheral structure and a top enclosure. The peripheral structure can be square, circular, etc., and the top enclosure can be parallel, arc-shaped, etc., as long as it does not concentrate light.

[0019] The light-transmitting protective cover can also be reserved with openable and closable ventilation openings. Environmental monitoring facilities such as temperature and humidity monitors are installed inside the light-transmitting protective cover to monitor the internal environmental parameters.

[0020] Multiple condensing heat exchangers can be installed, either in parallel or in series, depending on the volume of tailings water and condensate extracted. As the number of condensing heat exchangers increases, water collection devices should be added accordingly to ensure smooth water collection.

[0021] Preferably, the first supporting shell is a cylindrical frame structure, the heat exchange tube has multiple sub-tubes arranged inside the first supporting shell, the multiple sub-tubes are connected by a main pipe, and the heat exchange tube is a straight tube or a spiral tube; the first supporting shell plays a supporting role, and the multiple heat exchange tube sub-tubes increase the heat exchange surface.

[0022] Preferably, the top of the second supporting shell is open, and at least one photothermal conversion layer is provided. The number of layers is determined according to the amount of tailings water extracted and the solar energy distribution conditions in the area where the tailings dam is located. Each layer is 1mm to 3mm thick and has an area of ​​0.5m².2 ~1.5m 2 The second supporting shell supports the capillary action layer and the light-heat conversion layer.

[0023] Preferably, the water absorption material, the water absorption material layer, and the capillary action layer are made of fibers, and have the functions of moisture absorption and quick drying, and can efficiently absorb moisture under natural conditions and quickly dry under heated conditions.

[0024] Preferably, the fibers are natural fibers, chemical fibers, or a combination of both.

[0025] Preferably, the natural fibers are defatted cotton, flax fibers, and bamboo fibers.

[0026] Preferably, the defatted cotton can be spherical, strip-shaped, or sheet-shaped.

[0027] Preferably, the chemical fibers are polyester fibers and polyamide fibers.

[0028] Preferably, the chemical fibers include single fibers and composite fibers.

[0029] For the combination of natural fibers and chemical fibers, the fibers can be combined independently in segments or zones, and the segments and zones can be divided according to the types of the fibers.

[0030] The light-heat conversion layer is made of MXene material, MXene is a two-dimensional material with the structural formula Mn+1Xn, n = 1, 2, 3, or 4, M is Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, or Ta, and X is C or N.

[0031] The water collecting device can be composed of a water collecting pool and a drain pipe, the water collecting pool can be built with traditional natural soil, stone, brick, and other building materials and treated with waterproofing, or can be made of artificial synthetic materials; the water collecting pool can also be prefabricated and directly installed on site; the drain pipe sends water in the water collecting pool out.

[0032] The second object of the application is achieved by the following steps:

[0033] S1, drilling holes in the tailings dam and implanting a phreatic line observation and control pipeline, the implanting depth is not less than 2.0m into the control phreatic line, the lower end of the phreatic line observation and control pipeline is permeable, and the water vapor in the space above the phreatic surface reaches a saturated state;

[0034] S2, a water absorbing material layer is arranged in the infiltration line observation and control pipeline, the water absorbing material layer absorbs and captures the saturated water vapor in the pipeline, and transports upward through capillary action;

[0035] S3, the water absorbing material layer, the condensation heat exchange device and the photothermal driving device are connected through the connecting pipeline, and the light transmission protection cover and the water collecting device are installed; the condensation heat exchange device provides a channel for tailing water extraction while condensing steam; the capillary action layer further provides water collection conditions for tailing water extraction; water is transported to the photothermal driving device through the condensation heat exchange device through capillary action, the photothermal conversion layer converts light energy into heat energy, the water in the capillary action layer is heated and evaporated, and the water vapor is cooled and condensed in the condensation heat exchange device, and the condensed water drops and is collected in the water collecting device.

[0036] Technical principle:

[0037] 1, set up the infiltration line observation and control pipeline, use the water vapor formed in the space above the infiltration surface to reach the saturated state, create space for the adsorption and extraction of tailing water;

[0038] 2, the low-temperature saturated water vapor in the pipeline is transported upward by the capillary action of the high-efficiency moisture-absorbing and quick-drying water guide material; the water in the capillary pipe provides low-temperature heat exchange medium for the condensation heat exchange device due to the low water temperature, not only realizing steam condensation recovery, but also realizing water preheating in the heat exchange pipe; the preheated water is evaporated into water vapor through the photothermal conversion layer;

[0039] 3, the continuous evaporation of the photothermal material MXene and the continuous upward transport of the water absorbing material make the water in the tailing dam be continuously extracted and exported, thereby promoting the continuous decline of the infiltration line;

[0040] 4, after the extracted tailing water forms water vapor, it is condensed into distilled water under the action of the condensation heat exchange device, and after collection, it can realize efficient water recovery, which is a new technology for developing tailing water resources in tailing ponds.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical effects:

[0042] 1, the infiltration line observation and control pipeline of the present application can simultaneously set up artificial and online monitoring facilities for the infiltration line, and has the functions of infiltration line observation and control; the combination of the facilities can save the operating costs of the mining enterprises, such as energy consumption, labor hours, management costs, etc.;

[0043] 2, the present application first discloses extracting tailing water from the tailing dam infiltration line observation hole, which meets the requirement of controlling the depth of the infiltration line and realizes the efficient use of tailing water resources;

[0044] 3. The method is an "oil lamp type" control of the phreatic line depth of the tailings dam, the tailings water in the tailings dam is "oil", the water absorbing material is "wick", the MXene material is "fire", the condensation heat exchange device is "energy capturing medium", and distilled water is "combustion product light source and heat source", and the system solves the extraction and efficient water recovery of the tailings water.

[0045] 4. The application first uses the MXene material for photothermal driving to solve the phreatic line depth and efficient water recovery of the tailings dam, which is a beneficial innovation of the cross-integration of material science, safety science and environmental protection science, has outstanding implementation effect, and the energy consumption is light energy, which is green, clean and low-carbon.

[0046] 5. The application first solves the problem of efficient water recovery of the tailings water in the tailings dam from the perspective of important water resources, and solves the problem of efficient water recovery of the tailings water in the tailings dam on the basis of solving the control of the phreatic line depth, so that the application range of the application covers various stacking technologies such as wet stacking, dry stacking and paste stacking, various damming methods such as upstream type, midline type and downstream type, and various ore drawing methods such as dam front, tail of the reservoir and around the reservoir.

[0047] 6. The method can provide a new optional solution for tailings ponds and even mine development, especially for mining development and construction projects in water resource scarce areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Fig. 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the system of the application;

[0049] Fig. 2 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the phreatic line observation and control pipeline;

[0050] Fig. 3 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the condensation heat exchange device;

[0051] Fig. 4 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the photothermal driving device;

[0052] Fig. 5 It is a technical principle diagram of the application;

[0053] In the figure: 1-phreatic line observation and control pipeline, 101-plugging layer, 102-water permeable hole, 103-filtration layer, 2-light transmission protective cover, 3-condensation heat exchange device, 301-first support shell, 302-heat exchange pipe, 4-photothermal driving device, 401-second support shell, 402-capillary layer, 403-photothermal conversion layer, 5-water collecting device, 6-water absorbing material layer, 7-tailings accumulation surface, 8-phreatic line, 9-previous phreatic line, 10-later phreatic line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The application will be further described in connection with the following examples and drawings, but the application is not limited in any way by the examples and drawings, and any transformation or replacement based on the teaching of the application shall fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A certain tailings pond is flat and wetly stacked, with 2100 hours of annual sunshine and 1800 mm of evaporation. The tailings dam is built by the upstream method, with an initial dam height of 40 m, a designed stacking dam height of 40 m, a total dam height of 80 m, a total capacity of about 24 million m³, a designed grade of three, and a designed control of the current stacking elevation critical saturation line buried depth of 18 m.

[0057] As shown in the accompanying Figs. 1-4 , the tailings pond saturation line control system under the photothermal drive of the present embodiment includes a saturation line observation and control pipeline 1, a light-transmitting protective cover 2, a condensation heat exchange device 3, a photothermal driving device 4, and a water collecting device 5. The saturation line observation and control pipeline 1 is made of PE steel pipe, with a diameter of 300 mm and a wall thickness of 12 mm. The saturation line observation and control pipeline 1 is implanted in the tailings dam mechanical drilling, with an implantation depth of 22 m. The 5 m length range at the bottom end of the pipe body is a water permeable area. A double-layer 600 g / m² non-woven filament geotextile is provided as a filter layer outside the water permeable section, and the rest of the pipe body is sealed with clay. The light-transmitting protective cover 2 is circular in shape and light-tight around the periphery, with a circular arc-shaped top that transmits full-spectrum sunlight. The projected area is 6 m 2 , and the height is 2.2 m. An upper portion of the saturation line observation and control pipeline 1 is provided with a water-absorbing material layer 6. The light-transmitting protective cover 2 is arranged on the tailings dam and covers the drilling. The light-transmitting protective cover 2 is provided with a condensation heat exchange device 3 and a photothermal driving device 4. The condensation heat exchange device 3 is provided with a water collecting device 5 at the bottom;

[0058] The condensation heat exchange device 3 includes a first support shell 301 and a heat exchange pipe 302. The first support shell 301 is cylindrical, with a height of 1.5 m and a diameter of 0.8 m, and is made of stainless steel. The heat exchange pipe 302 is a spiral pipe. The heat exchange pipe 302 is arranged in the support shell 301. The heat exchange pipe 302 is filled with water-absorbing material;

[0059] The photothermal driving device 4 includes a second support shell 401, a capillary action layer 402, and a photothermal conversion layer 403. The capillary action layer 402 and the photothermal conversion layer 403 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the second support shell 401. The photothermal conversion layer 403 is made of MXene material, with a single layer thickness of 1.5 mm and an area of 4.0 m 2 . A double-layer structure is adopted;

[0060] The upper end of the water-absorbing material layer 6 is connected with the inlet end of the heat exchange pipe 302 through a first connecting pipe, and the first connecting pipe is filled with water-absorbing material. The water-absorbing material layer 6 is in close contact with the water-absorbing material of the first connecting pipe. The water-absorbing material in the heat exchange pipe 302 is in close contact with the water-absorbing material of the first connecting pipe. The outlet end of the heat exchange pipe 302 is communicated with the lower part of the second supporting shell 401 through a second connecting pipe, and the capillary layer 402 is in close contact with the water-absorbing material of the second connecting pipe. The water-absorbing material in the heat exchange pipe 302 is in close contact with the water-absorbing material of the second connecting pipe.

[0061] The water-absorbing material layer 6, the water-absorbing material in the heat exchange pipe 302, the capillary layer 402, the water-absorbing material of the first connecting pipe, and the water-absorbing material of the second connecting pipe are all mixed with defatted cotton and polyester fiber at a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0062] The system is complete with infiltration line observation and control pipeline 1, light protection cover 2, condensation heat exchange device 3, light and heat driving device 4, and water collecting device 5. There are 24 sets of the system on the tailings dam. The light protection covers 2 are arranged in a quincunx pattern on the tailings dam. The horizontal distance between two adjacent light protection covers 2 is controlled to be 120 m, and the height difference between the adjacent light protection covers 2 is controlled to be 8 m.

[0063] After 20 days of implementation and operation, the collected water volume is 300 m³ / d to 580 m³ / d. According to the infiltration line monitoring data, the annual infiltration line depth is controlled to be 16.4 m to 17.5 m.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] A tailings pond is of valley type and is dry stacked. The annual sunshine time is more than 1800 hours, and the evaporation amount is 1850 mm. The tailings are stacked in layers and are rolled to build the dam in front of the dam. The initial dam height is 45 m. The design stacking dam height is 80 m. The total dam height is 125 m. The total capacity of the pond is about 35 million m³. The design is of second grade. The design control critical infiltration line depth is 24 m.

[0066] The light and heat driven tailings pond infiltration line control system of the present embodiment is based on example 1. The difference from example 1 is that the infiltration line observation and control pipeline 1 is made of PVC pipe with a diameter of 315 mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm. The implantation depth of the infiltration line observation and control pipeline 1 is 27 m. The length range of the bottom end of the pipe body is 6 m in the permeable area. The filter layer is made of graded gravel. The sealing layer is made of clay balls. The light protection cover 2 is square in shape and transmits full spectrum sunlight. The top is a flat full spectrum sunlight. The projection area is 7 m 2 . The height is 2.0 m. The condensation heat exchange device 3 is 1.2 m high and has 5 condensation heat exchange devices 3. Three of them are vertical as in example 1. The remaining two are horizontally placed. The light and heat conversion layer 403 is single layer with a thickness of 1.2 mm and an area of 6.0 m 2The water-absorbing material layer 6, the water-absorbing material in the heat exchange pipe 302, the capillary action layer 402, the water-absorbing material of the first connecting pipe and the water-absorbing material of the second connecting pipe are all high-performance fibers;

[0067] On the tailings dam, 32 sets of the system are arranged in total, the horizontal spacing of the light protection covers 2 of two adjacent sets is controlled to be 200 m, and the height difference between the adjacent light protection covers 2 is controlled to be 15 m.

[0068] After 24 days of implementation and operation, the collected water amount is 360 m³ / d~720 m³ / d. According to the monitoring data of the phreatic line, the annual phreatic line depth is controlled to be 20.5 m~22.3 m.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A tailings pond is of valley type, wet stacking, the climate is dry and hot valley climate, the annual sunshine time is more than 2800 hours, and the evaporation amount is 2200 mm. The upstream tailings dam method is adopted, the initial dam height is 30 m, the design stacking dam height is 60 m, the total dam height is 90 m, the total capacity of the pond is about 14 million m³, the design grade is three, and the design control critical phreatic line depth is 12 m.

[0071] The tailings pond phreatic line control system under the photothermal driving of this example is based on example 1, and is different from example 1 in that the phreatic line observation and control pipe 1 adopts a geological steel pipe, the diameter is 250 mm, the wall thickness is 8 mm, the phreatic line observation and control pipe 1 is implanted to a depth of 15 m, the pipe body bottom end 4 m length range is a water permeable area, the filter layer adopts quartz sand, and the sealing layer uses C20 fine stone concrete; the light protection cover 2 has a projection area of 8 m 2 , a height of 2.0 m; the condensation heat exchange device 3 is 1.5 m high and 0.5 m in diameter, there is one condensation heat exchange device 3, and the placement mode is horizontal; the photothermal conversion layer 403 is single-layered, 1.0 mm thick, and 1.28 m 2 in area, adopts a single-layer structure; the water-absorbing material layer 6 and the capillary action layer 402 are all degreasing cotton, and the water-absorbing material in the heat exchange pipe 302, the water-absorbing material of the first connecting pipe and the water-absorbing material of the second connecting pipe are all polyester fibers; the water collecting device 5 is a brick-laid water collecting pool and a drainage ditch, the net clearance size of the water collecting pool is 1.8 m x 0.8 m x 0.5 m, the overflow section of the drainage ditch is 0.5 m x 0.5 m, and the surfaces are all coated with waterproof mortar;

[0072] On the tailings dam, 32 sets of the system are arranged in total, the horizontal spacing of the light protection covers 2 of two adjacent sets is controlled to be 200 m, and the height difference between the adjacent light protection covers 2 is controlled to be 15 m.

[0073] After 15 days of implementation, the water collection amount is 80 m³ / d-166 m³ / d. According to the monitoring data of the phreatic line, the phreatic line depth is controlled at 9.6 m-11.8 m throughout the year.

[0074] Embodiment 4

[0075] The embodiment is a control method of the phreatic line control system of the tailings pond under the photothermal drive of the embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1, drilling holes on the tailings dam, implanting the phreatic line observation and control pipeline 1, the implanting depth is 22 m, the lower end of the phreatic line observation and control pipeline 1 is permeable, and the water vapor in the space above the phreatic surface reaches a saturated state;

[0077] S2, setting the water absorbing material layer 6 in the phreatic line observation and control pipeline 1, the water absorbing material layer 6 adsorbs and captures the saturated water vapor in the pipeline, and transports upward through capillary action;

[0078] S3, connecting the water absorbing material layer 6, the condensation heat exchange device 3 and the photothermal drive device 4 through the connecting pipeline, and installing the light-transmitting protective cover 2 and the water collecting device 5; the condensation heat exchange device 3 provides a channel for the extraction of tailings water while condensing the steam; the capillary action layer further provides water collection conditions for the extraction of tailings water; the water is transported to the photothermal drive device 4 through the condensation heat exchange device 3 through capillary action, the photothermal conversion layer 403 converts light energy into heat energy, the water in the capillary action layer 402 is heated and evaporated, the water vapor is cooled and condensed in the condensation heat exchange device 3, the condensed water drops and is collected in the water collecting device 5; 32 sets of systems are operated together to realize effective control of the phreatic line of the tailings pond.

Claims

1. A system for controlling the phreatic line of a tailings pond under the action of photothermal drive, comprising a phreatic line observation and control conduit (1), a light-transmitting protective cover (2), a condensation heat exchange device (3), a photothermal drive device (4), and a water collection device (5), characterized in that The infiltration line observation and control pipeline (1) is implanted into the tailings dam drill hole, and the lower end of the infiltration line observation and control pipeline (1) is lower than the control infiltration line position, the upper part of the infiltration line observation and control pipeline (1) is provided with a water absorbing material layer (6), the light transmission protective cover (2) is arranged on the tailings dam and covers the drill hole, the light transmission protective cover (2) is internally provided with a condensation heat exchange device (3) and a light heat driving device (4), and the bottom of the condensation heat exchange device (3) is provided with a water collecting device (5); The condensation heat exchange device (3) comprises a first supporting shell (301) and a heat exchange pipe (302), the heat exchange pipe (302) is arranged in the supporting shell (301), and the heat exchange pipe (302) is filled with water absorbing material; The light heat driving device (4) comprises a second supporting shell (401), a capillary action layer (402) and a light heat conversion layer (403), the capillary action layer (402) and the light heat conversion layer (403) are sequentially arranged in the second supporting shell (401) from bottom to top; The upper end of the water absorbing material layer (6) is connected with the inlet end of the heat exchange pipe (302) through a first connecting pipeline, the first connecting pipeline is filled with water absorbing material, the water absorbing material layer (6) is in close contact with the water absorbing material of the first connecting pipeline, the water absorbing material in the heat exchange pipe (302) is in close contact with the water absorbing material of the first connecting pipeline, the outlet end of the heat exchange pipe (302) is communicated with the lower part of the second supporting shell (401) through a second connecting pipeline, the capillary action layer (402) is in close contact with the water absorbing material of the second connecting pipeline, and the water absorbing material in the heat exchange pipe (302) is in close contact with the water absorbing material of the second connecting pipeline; The upper part of the infiltration line observation and control pipeline (1) is a closed section, the lower part is a water permeable section, the outer part of the closed section is provided with a plugging layer (101), the pipe body of the water permeable section is provided with a water permeable hole (102), and the outer part of the water permeable section is provided with a filter layer (103); The light-transmitting protective cover (2) has a projection area of 6-8 m 2 The light-transmitting protective cover (2) has a projection area of 6-8 m The first supporting shell (301) is a cylindrical frame structure, the heat exchange pipe (302) has a plurality of sub-pipes and is arranged in the first supporting shell (301), the plurality of sub-pipes are connected through a main pipe, and the heat exchange pipe (302) is a straight pipe or a spiral pipe; The second support shell (401) is open at the top, and the photo-thermal conversion layer (403) is provided with at least one layer, each layer having a thickness of 1mm to 3mm and an area of 0.5m 2 ~1.5m 2 ; The water absorbing material layer (6), the water absorbing material in the heat exchange pipe (302), the capillary action layer (402), the water absorbing material of the first connecting pipeline and the water absorbing material of the second connecting pipeline are all mixed and filled with defatted cotton and polyester fiber at a mass ratio of 1:

1.

2. The system for controlling the phreatic line of a tailings pond under photothermal drive according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower end of the infiltration line observation and control pipeline (1) enters the control infiltration line with a buried depth of not less than 2.0 m.

3. The system for controlling the phreatic line of a tailings pond under photothermal drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The infiltration line observation and control pipeline (1) has a plurality of and is arranged and distributed in a plum blossom type with a spacing of 100 mm to 300 mm.

4. The system for controlling the phreatic line of a tailings pond under photothermal drive according to claim 1, characterized in that The light heat conversion layer (403) is an MXene material.

5. The control method of the system for controlling the phreatic line of the tailings pond under the photothermal drive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1, drilling a hole in the tailings dam and implanting the infiltration line observation and control pipeline (1), the implanting depth is not less than 2.0 m into the control infiltration line buried depth; S2, arranging a water absorbing material layer (6) in the infiltration line observation and control pipeline (1), the water absorbing material layer (6) absorbs and captures the saturated water vapor in the pipeline and transports upward through capillary action; S3, the water absorption material layer (6), condensing heat exchange device (3), light heat driven device (4) are connected together through connecting pipeline, and the light protection cover (2) and water collecting device (5) are installed; water is transported to light heat driven device (4) through condensing heat exchange device (3) through capillary action, light heat conversion layer (403) converts light energy into heat energy, water in capillary action layer (402) is evaporated by heat, water vapor is cooled by heat exchange in condensing heat exchange device (3), and condensed water drops and is collected in water collecting device (5).

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