Energy-harvesting thermal insulation composite film, method of making same, and thermally insulated glass

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an energy collection heat insulation composite film, a preparation method thereof, and heat insulation glass. The energy collection heat insulation composite film comprises a heat insulation layer, an infrared reflection film, a thermoelectric conversion layer, and an ultraviolet absorption film. The infrared reflection film is arranged on the heat insulation layer, the thermoelectric conversion layer is arranged on the side of the infrared reflection film away from the heat insulation layer, and the ultraviolet absorption film is arranged on the side of the thermoelectric conversion layer away from the infrared reflection film. The material of the infrared reflection film comprises a material capable of reflecting infrared rays. The material of the ultraviolet absorption film comprises a material capable of absorbing ultraviolet rays. The energy collection heat insulation composite film can not only consume heat to avoid long-term accumulation of heat in the energy collection heat insulation composite film, but also realize recycling of heat energy.

Description

Energy harvesting and heat insulation composite film, its preparation method and heat insulation glass Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coating technology, and more particularly to an energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film, its preparation method, and heat-insulating glass. Background Technology

[0002] In areas and during peak hours of intense sunlight, people, equipment, and buildings frequently face the problem of prolonged exposure to the sun. Taking a car as an example, after being exposed to the sun at midday, the interior temperature can reach 50°C or even higher. Combined with ultraviolet radiation, this causes interior materials to age more quickly and affects the car's driving performance. Heat-insulating films are mainly used on architectural and automotive glass, primarily serving to block ultraviolet rays, provide heat insulation and sun protection, and improve environmental comfort.

[0003] Traditional heat insulation films are mainly made of materials that can absorb or reflect sunlight. These films not only affect the visible light transmittance of substrates such as glass, but also tend to accumulate a lot of heat when exposed to the sun, and the heat can still easily be conducted inward. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane that can reduce or avoid heat accumulation, in order to address the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0005] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure provides an energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane, comprising:

[0006] Insulation layer;

[0007] An infrared reflective film, wherein the infrared reflective film is stacked on the heat insulation layer, and the material of the infrared reflective film includes materials capable of reflecting infrared rays;

[0008] A thermoelectric conversion layer, disposed on the side of the infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer, the thermoelectric conversion layer being used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy; and...

[0009] An ultraviolet (UV) absorption film is disposed on the side of the thermoelectric conversion layer away from the infrared reflective film, and the material of the UV absorption film includes materials capable of absorbing ultraviolet light.

[0010] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the material of the heat insulation layer includes aerogel, and the energy harvesting heat insulation composite film further includes a transition layer stacked between the heat insulation layer and the infrared reflective film. The material of the transition layer is a crystalline material, and the infrared reflective film is disposed on the side of the transition layer away from the heat insulation layer.

[0011] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the crystalline material is selected from one or more of silicon dioxide and cubic zirconium oxide; and / or,

[0012] The infrared reflective film is made of one or more of indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, silver, copper, and aluminum.

[0013] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the surface of the infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer has a porous structure, and the pore size of the pores in the infrared reflective film is ≤1μm.

[0014] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the material of the ultraviolet absorption film includes one or more of iron oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide.

[0015] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the thermoelectric conversion layer includes a thermoelectric conversion material selected from bismuthene.

[0016] Furthermore, this disclosure also provides a method for preparing an energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite membrane as described in any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0017] A heat insulation layer is fabricated on a substrate;

[0018] A material capable of reflecting infrared light is deposited on the heat insulation layer to form the infrared reflective film;

[0019] The thermoelectric conversion layer is formed on the side of the infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer; and,

[0020] A material capable of absorbing ultraviolet light is deposited on the thermoelectric conversion layer to form the ultraviolet absorption film.

[0021] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the material of the heat insulation layer includes aerogel, and after the heat insulation layer is prepared, a step of sputtering and depositing a crystalline material on the heat insulation layer to form a transition layer is further included; the infrared reflective film is formed on the transition layer by sputtering deposition.

[0022] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the step of forming the infrared reflective film includes: sputtering and depositing a material capable of reflecting infrared light using a high-power magnetron sputtering method, such that the deposited infrared reflective film has a porous structure on the surface away from the heat insulation layer, wherein the pore size is ≤1μm; or,

[0023] After the infrared reflective film is formed, a porous structure is formed on the side of the infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer by laser etching, wherein the pore diameter is ≤1μm.

[0024] In another aspect, this disclosure also provides a heat-insulating glass, which includes a base glass and an energy-harvesting heat-insulating composite film disposed on the base glass, wherein the energy-harvesting heat-insulating composite film is the energy-harvesting heat-insulating composite film as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0025] In the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film of at least one embodiment described above, an infrared reflective film, a thermoelectric conversion layer, and an ultraviolet absorption film are sequentially disposed on the heat-insulating layer. When light is incident on the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film, it passes through the ultraviolet absorption film, the thermoelectric conversion layer, and the infrared reflective film in sequence. The ultraviolet absorption film absorbs ultraviolet light and generates heat, which is then conducted downwards to the thermoelectric conversion layer. The infrared reflective film, located below the thermoelectric conversion layer, reflects infrared light back to the thermoelectric conversion layer, increasing the absorption of infrared light and generating heat. Furthermore, the heat-insulating layer, located below the infrared reflective film, blocks heat conduction into the substrate, thereby maximizing the accumulation of heat generated by light in the thermoelectric conversion layer. The thermoelectric conversion layer converts thermal energy into electrical energy, not only consuming heat to prevent prolonged heat accumulation in the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film but also enabling the recovery and utilization of thermal energy.

[0026] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the steps in a method for preparing an energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane.

[0030] The reference numerals and their meanings in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0031] 100, Substrate; 110, Thermal insulation layer; 120, Transition layer; 130, Infrared reflective film; 140, Thermoelectric conversion layer; 150, Ultraviolet absorption film. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate understanding of this document, a more comprehensive description will be provided below. Preferred embodiments are given herein. However, this document can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the content of this document more thorough and comprehensive.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this applies. The terminology used herein in the specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the document.

[0034] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on," "adjacent to," "connected to," or "coupled to" other elements or layers, it may be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to other elements or layers, or there may be intervening elements or layers. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly on," "directly adjacent to," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" other elements or layers, there are no intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or parts, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or part from another element, component, area, layer, or part.

[0035] Spatial relation terms such as “below,” “under,” “below,” “below,” “above,” “above,” etc., are used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to other elements or features. It should be understood that spatial relation terms are intended to also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, then the element or feature described as “below,” “below,” or “below” other elements or features will be oriented “above” other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms “below” and “under” can include both above and below orientations. Devices may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial descriptive terms used will be interpreted accordingly.

[0036] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. When used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprise” and / or “comprising,” when used in this specification, identify the presence of features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or parts, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or groups. When used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0037] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite membrane, comprising:

[0038] Insulation layer;

[0039] Infrared reflective film, which is laminated on the heat insulation layer, and the material of the infrared reflective film includes materials that can reflect infrared rays;

[0040] A thermoelectric conversion layer, stacked on the side of the infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer, is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy; and...

[0041] The ultraviolet absorption film is stacked on the side of the thermoelectric conversion layer away from the infrared reflective film. The material of the ultraviolet absorption film includes materials that can absorb ultraviolet rays.

[0042] The energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film disclosed herein comprises an infrared reflective film, a thermoelectric conversion layer, and an ultraviolet absorption film sequentially disposed on a heat-insulating layer. When light is incident on the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film, it passes through the ultraviolet absorption film, the thermoelectric conversion layer, and the infrared reflective film in sequence. The ultraviolet absorption film, located above the thermoelectric conversion layer, absorbs ultraviolet light and generates heat, which is then conducted downwards to the thermoelectric conversion layer. The infrared reflective film, located below the thermoelectric conversion layer, reflects infrared light back to the thermoelectric conversion layer, thereby increasing the absorption of infrared light by the thermoelectric conversion layer and generating heat. Furthermore, the heat-insulating layer, located below the infrared reflective film, blocks heat conduction into the substrate, thus maximizing the accumulation of heat generated by light in the thermoelectric conversion layer. The thermoelectric conversion layer converts thermal energy into electrical energy, not only consuming heat to prevent prolonged heat accumulation in the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film but also enabling the recovery and utilization of thermal energy.

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite membrane disclosed herein. Referring to Figure 1, the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite membrane includes: a heat-insulating layer 110, an infrared reflective film 130, a thermoelectric conversion layer 140, and an ultraviolet absorption film 150. The infrared reflective film 130 is stacked on the heat-insulating layer 110, the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 is stacked on the side of the infrared reflective film 130 away from the heat-insulating layer 110, and the ultraviolet absorption film 150 is stacked on the side of the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 away from the infrared reflective film 130. The infrared reflective film 130 is made of a material capable of reflecting infrared radiation. The ultraviolet absorption film 150 is made of a material capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation.

[0044] It can be understood that this energy harvesting and heat insulation composite film refers to a film that is transparent in the visible light band, that is, it can allow visible light to pass through. Among them, the heat insulation layer 110, the infrared reflective film 130, the thermoelectric conversion layer 140, and the ultraviolet absorption film 150 can all allow visible light to pass through.

[0045] As examples of this embodiment, the infrared reflective film 130 has an average reflectivity of over 50% for infrared light. Furthermore, the infrared reflective film 130 has an average reflectivity of over 70% for infrared light. In this document, infrared light refers to electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 750 nm and 1 mm.

[0046] As examples of this embodiment, the material of the infrared reflective film 130 can be one or more of metal oxides and metals. The metal oxide can be selected from one or more of indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum oxide. The metal can be selected from one or more of silver, copper, and aluminum. Metals have a strong shielding effect on electromagnetic waves, which is detrimental to signal penetration. Using metal oxides can better avoid the problem of electromagnetic shielding and ensure effective signal transmission.

[0047] It is understandable that if metal is used as the material for the infrared reflective film 130, the thickness of the infrared reflective film 130 should be designed to be relatively low to ensure its transmittance of visible light. However, this also results in a weaker ability of the infrared reflective film 130 to reflect infrared rays. Compared to metal, metal oxides have better light transmittance, which allows the thickness of the infrared reflective film 130 to be designed to be significantly thicker, thereby enhancing the infrared reflective ability of the infrared reflective film 130.

[0048] In this example, the infrared reflective film 130 may be made of indium tin oxide, which has both strong visible light transmittance and strong infrared reflectivity.

[0049] As examples of this embodiment, the thickness of the infrared reflective film 130 is 1 μm to 20 μm. For example, the thickness of the infrared reflective film 130 can be 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 7 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, or 20 μm, or the thickness of the infrared reflective film 130 can be between any two of the above thicknesses. Using an infrared reflective film 130 of this thickness ensures the transmittance of visible light on the infrared reflective film 130, and also has a high infrared reflection capability.

[0050] As an example of this embodiment, the surface of the infrared reflective film 130 away from the heat insulation layer 110 has a porous structure, and the pore size of the pores in the infrared reflective film 130 is ≤1μm. Since the wavelength of infrared rays is mostly above 1μm, designing pores with a diameter of ≤1μm helps to further improve the infrared reflective film 130's ability to reflect infrared rays.

[0051] Furthermore, in this example, the aperture of the holes in the infrared reflective film 130 can be ≤750nm to increase its reflection of infrared light across the entire wavelength range.

[0052] As examples of this embodiment, the material of the heat insulation layer 110 includes an aerogel material. In this example, the aerogel material can be silica aerogel. Aerogel material is a nanoscale porous material with extremely low thermal conductivity, requiring only a very small thickness to effectively block heat transfer between its sides. However, due to the abundant microporous structure of the aerogel material, if the infrared reflective film 130 is directly fabricated on the aerogel material, the material of the infrared reflective film 130 is easily embedded directly into the pores of the aerogel, and infrared rays are easily diffusely reflected into the aerogel, causing heat to be conducted to the heat insulation layer and the substrate.

[0053] To address the aforementioned issues, as an example of this embodiment, the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film further includes a transition layer 120 stacked between the heat-insulating layer 110 and the infrared reflective film 130. The transition layer 120 is made of a crystalline material, and the infrared reflective film 130 is disposed on the side of the transition layer 120 away from the heat-insulating layer 110. The transition layer 120 is not porous and serves to separate the infrared reflective film 130 and the heat-insulating layer 110, ensuring that infrared radiation is effectively reflected into the thermoelectric material layer above.

[0054] In this example, the material of the transition layer 120 is different from that of the infrared reflective film 130. Further, the material of the transition layer 120 is selected from one or more of silica and cubic zirconia. Silica and cubic zirconia can serve as the growth substrate for the infrared reflective film 130 located above it, ensuring that the infrared reflective film 130 has good quality. In addition, silica is made of the same material as the heat insulation layer 110, which helps to ensure a strong bond between the transition layer 120 and the aerogel. Cubic zirconia has a low thermal conductivity, which helps to further enhance the heat insulation capability of this energy harvesting heat insulation composite film.

[0055] As examples of this embodiment, the thickness of the heat insulation layer 110 is 1 μm to 100 μm. This thickness of heat insulation layer 110 allows for good heat insulation performance while also providing good light transmittance. In this example, the thickness of the heat insulation layer 110 is 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, or 100 μm, or the thickness of the heat insulation layer 110 may be between any two of the aforementioned thicknesses.

[0056] As examples of this embodiment, the thickness of the transition layer 120 can be from 1 μm to 10 μm. In this example, the thickness of the transition layer 120 is 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, or 10 μm, or the thickness of the transition layer 120 can be between any two of the above thicknesses. A transition layer 120 of this thickness can provide good buffering.

[0057] As some examples of this embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 may include a thermoelectric conversion material, which may include bismuthene. Bismuthene has high carrier mobility, a large Seebeck coefficient, and low thermal conductivity. Moreover, bismuthene is a two-dimensional material that can be fabricated on the infrared reflective film 130 with a relatively thin thickness, ensuring that the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 has high light transmittance.

[0058] As examples of this embodiment, in addition to the thermoelectric conversion material, the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 may also include an infrared absorbing material. The infrared absorbing material is used to absorb incident infrared radiation and infrared radiation emitted by the infrared reflective film 130. This enhances the absorption of infrared radiation by the thermoelectric conversion layer 140, thereby further enhancing the utilization rate of infrared radiation and increasing the heat generation of the thermoelectric conversion layer 140.

[0059] As some examples of this embodiment, the infrared absorbing material in the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 may include tungsten oxide. The thermoelectric conversion material and the infrared absorbing material can be uniformly mixed in the thermoelectric conversion layer 140.

[0060] It is understood that the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 should be designed to be relatively thin to ensure its light transmittance. As some examples of this embodiment, the thickness of the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 can be 50nm to 500nm. For example, the thickness of the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 can be 50nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, or 500nm, or the thickness of the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 can be between any two of the above thicknesses.

[0061] It is understood that the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 can serve as a hot-end component, connecting it to a cold-end component located in a lower-temperature environment to form a circuit, in which current can be generated. The cold-end component also includes a thermoelectric conversion material. In this process, thermal energy in the hot-end component is converted into electrical energy. As an example, the cold-end component can be located on the side of the insulation layer 110 away from the thermoelectric conversion layer 140, and the cold-end component and the hot-end component can be connected by a connecting component that passes through or bypasses the insulation layer 110.

[0062] As some examples of this embodiment, the material of the ultraviolet absorption film 150 includes one or more of iron oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide.

[0063] As some examples of this embodiment, the thickness of the ultraviolet absorption film 150 is 100nm~500nm. The ultraviolet absorption film 150 should not be too thick, otherwise it will lead to increased absorption of visible light and infrared rays, affecting its visible light transmittance and infrared ray utilization.

[0064] In this example, the thickness of the ultraviolet absorption film 150 can be 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, or 500nm. Alternatively, the thickness of the ultraviolet absorption film 150 can be between any two of the above thicknesses.

[0065] The aforementioned energy harvesting and heat insulation composite film includes a thermoelectric conversion layer 140 to recover and utilize heat from the film. Some conventional technologies utilize thermoelectric materials and infrared absorption to harness heat; however, in this method, the heat generated by infrared absorption is conducted not only to the thermoelectric material but also to the substrate inside the insulation film and the indoor environment. This limits the effectiveness of the insulation film and results in low heat recovery efficiency. This disclosure proposes a design that incorporates an infrared reflective film 130 and an ultraviolet absorption film 150 on top of the insulation layer 110. This reduces the absorption of infrared and ultraviolet rays by the insulation layer 110, allowing heat to be concentrated on the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 as much as possible. This significantly reduces the heating of the insulation layer 110 and the conduction of heat to the substrate 100, and also improves the heat recovery efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion layer 140.

[0066] Secondly, this disclosure also provides a method for preparing an energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite membrane. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the steps in a method for preparing an energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite membrane. Referring to Figure 2, the preparation method includes steps S1 to S4.

[0067] Step S1: Prepare a heat insulation layer 110 on the substrate 100.

[0068] It is understood that the substrate 100 is used to support the energy harvesting and heat insulation composite film to be prepared, and the energy harvesting and heat insulation composite film and the substrate 100 can form an integral heat insulation structure. As some examples of this embodiment, the substrate 100 can be inorganic glass or plexiglass. The inorganic glass can be silicate glass or quartz glass, and the plexiglass can be polymethyl methacrylate.

[0069] As some examples of this embodiment, the material of the insulation layer 110 includes aerogel.

[0070] As an example of this embodiment, before fabricating the heat insulation layer 110 on the substrate 100, a step of forming an adhesive layer on the substrate 100 is included. In this example, the material of the adhesive layer may include silicone. The adhesive layer is used to improve the adhesion between the aerogel and the substrate 100. It is understood that the finished aerogel can be coated onto the substrate 100 to form the heat insulation layer 110, or the aerogel can be directly fabricated on the substrate 100 to form the heat insulation layer 110. The preparation method of the aerogel can refer to existing aerogel preparation methods, and will not be described in detail here.

[0071] As some examples of this embodiment, the thickness of the formed heat insulation layer 110 is 1μm to 100μm. In this example, the thickness of the heat insulation layer 110 is 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 50μm, 70μm, 80μm, or 100μm, or the thickness of the heat insulation layer 110 may be between any two of the above thicknesses.

[0072] As some examples of this embodiment, after forming the insulation layer 110, the step of preparing a transition layer 120 on the insulation layer 110 is also included.

[0073] In this example, the material of the transition layer 120 is selected from one or more of silicon dioxide and cubic zirconia. The transition layer 120 can be prepared on the thermal insulation layer 110 by magnetron sputtering.

[0074] Step S2: Deposit a material capable of reflecting infrared light on the heat insulation layer 110 to form an infrared reflective film 130.

[0075] As some examples of this embodiment, the material of the infrared reflective film 130 can be one or more of metal oxides and metals. The infrared reflective film 130 can be deposited by magnetron sputtering.

[0076] Furthermore, in this example, the steps of depositing the infrared reflective film 130 and depositing the transition layer 120 can be performed in the same sputtering chamber.

[0077] As an example of this embodiment, the infrared reflective film 130 is made of indium tin oxide (ITO). Furthermore, during the formation of the infrared reflective film 130, an ITO target can be sputtered to form an ITO film layer on the transition layer 120. This ITO film layer can then serve as the infrared reflective film 130.

[0078] As some examples of this embodiment, the steps of forming the infrared reflective film 130 include: sputtering and depositing a material capable of reflecting infrared rays using a high-power magnetron sputtering method, such that the deposited infrared reflective film 130 has a porous structure on the side surface away from the heat insulation layer 110, wherein the pore size is ≤1μm.

[0079] High-power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is a sputtering method that outputs extremely high power instantaneously. HiPIMS uses a pulsed power supply, typically consisting of multiple pulse cycles. Each pulse outputs extremely high power for a short period to generate plasma with extremely high kinetic energy, while the power supply is switched off between adjacent pulses to allow plasma and target recovery. By employing lower gas pressures and lower pulse frequencies, it enables intermittent deposition of materials on the substrate 100, thereby forming thin films with porous structures.

[0080] As examples of this embodiment, during the sputtering deposition of infrared-reflective materials using high-power magnetron sputtering, the output power of a single pulse is controlled to be 5 × 10⁻⁶. 5 W~1×10 7 W.

[0081] As some examples of this embodiment, during the sputtering deposition of infrared-reflective materials using high-power magnetron sputtering, the pulse frequency is controlled to be 10Hz~50Hz, and the gas pressure in the sputtering chamber is controlled to be 10 Hz. -3 Pa~10 -1 Pa. This enables the formation of a porous structure with pore diameters ≤1 μm on the surface of the infrared reflective film 130, thereby improving the reflectivity of the infrared reflective film 130 for infrared light.

[0082] As further examples of this embodiment, after the infrared reflective film 130 is formed, a porous structure can be formed on the surface of the infrared reflective film 130 away from the heat insulation layer 110 by laser etching, wherein the pore diameter is ≤1μm. Deep ultraviolet laser etching can be used to form relatively small pores. Compared to the high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering method described above, the laser etching process is more complex and has relatively lower production efficiency, and is also more prone to contamination of the infrared reflective film 130.

[0083] Step S3: A thermoelectric conversion layer 140 is formed on the side of the infrared reflective film 130 away from the heat insulation layer 110.

[0084] As some examples of this embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 includes a thermoelectric conversion material. The thermoelectric conversion material can be prepared using a physical vapor deposition method. For example, the thermoelectric conversion material can be deposited using magnetron sputtering.

[0085] As some examples of this embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion material includes bismuthene. Accordingly, a sputtering target made of bismuthene can be used when depositing the thermoelectric conversion material.

[0086] As some examples of this embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 also includes an infrared absorbing material. The infrared absorbing material can also be prepared using a physical vapor deposition method. For example, magnetron sputtering can be used to deposit the infrared absorbing material.

[0087] As some examples of this embodiment, in the step of forming the thermoelectric conversion layer 140, the infrared absorbing material and the thermoelectric conversion material can be formed by co-sputtering.

[0088] It is understood that after forming the thermoelectric conversion layer 140, a step of etching it to form the desired pattern may also be included. This pattern can be designed according to the actual needs of the thermoelectric conversion circuit, and will not be elaborated here.

[0089] Step S4: Deposit a material capable of absorbing ultraviolet light on the thermoelectric conversion layer 140 to form an ultraviolet absorption film 150.

[0090] As some examples of this embodiment, the ultraviolet conversion film can be prepared using physical vapor deposition. For example, magnetron sputtering can be used to deposit the ultraviolet conversion film.

[0091] As some examples of this embodiment, the material of the ultraviolet absorption film 150 includes one or more of iron oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide. Accordingly, when depositing the ultraviolet absorption film 150, one or more of iron oxide targets, titanium oxide targets, and zinc oxide targets can be used.

[0092] It is understood that the energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane in the above embodiments can be prepared through steps S1 to S4.

[0093] In another aspect, this disclosure also provides a heat-insulating glass, comprising a substrate glass and an energy-harvesting heat-insulating composite film disposed on the substrate glass, wherein the energy-harvesting heat-insulating composite film is the same as the energy-harvesting heat-insulating composite film described in the above embodiments. This energy-harvesting heat-insulating composite film can be prepared on the substrate glass using the preparation method described in the above embodiments.

[0094] As some examples of this embodiment, the heat-insulating glass can be the curtain wall glass of a building, or the window glass or sunroof glass of a car.

[0095] Please note that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this document.

[0096] It should be understood that, unless otherwise expressly stated herein, there is no strict order in which the steps are performed, and these steps may be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the preparation process may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily completed at the same time, but may be performed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0097] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0098] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. An energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite membrane, characterized in that, include: The heat insulation layer comprises an aerogel, wherein the aerogel is silica aerogel; an infrared reflective film is laminated on the heat insulation layer, wherein the infrared reflective film is made of a material capable of reflecting infrared rays, and the surface of the infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer has a porous structure; the material of the infrared reflective film comprises one or more of indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum oxide. A thermoelectric conversion layer is disposed on the side of the infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer, and the thermoelectric conversion layer is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy; And, an ultraviolet absorption film, wherein the ultraviolet absorption film is disposed on the side of the thermoelectric conversion layer away from the infrared reflective film, and the material of the ultraviolet absorption film includes a material capable of absorbing ultraviolet light; A transition layer is stacked between the heat insulation layer and the infrared reflective film, with the infrared reflective film disposed on the side of the transition layer away from the heat insulation layer; the material of the transition layer is a crystalline material, including silicon dioxide and cubic zirconium oxide.

2. The energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the holes in the infrared reflective film is ≤1μm.

3. The energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the ultraviolet absorption membrane includes one or more of iron oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide.

4. The energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermoelectric conversion layer includes a thermoelectric conversion material selected from bismuthene.

5. A method for preparing an energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite membrane as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: preparing a heat-insulating layer on a substrate; depositing a material capable of reflecting infrared light on the heat-insulating layer to form the infrared reflective film; and forming the thermoelectric conversion layer on the side of the infrared reflective film away from the heat-insulating layer. Additionally, a material capable of absorbing ultraviolet light is deposited on the thermoelectric conversion layer to form the ultraviolet absorption film.

6. The method for preparing the energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material of the heat insulation layer includes aerogel. After the heat insulation layer is prepared, the step of sputtering and depositing a crystalline material on the heat insulation layer to form a transition layer is also included. The infrared reflective film is formed on the transition layer by sputtering deposition.

7. The method for preparing the energy harvesting and heat insulation composite membrane according to any one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that, The steps for forming the infrared reflective film include: sputtering and depositing a material capable of reflecting infrared light using a high-power magnetron sputtering method, such that the surface of the deposited infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer has a porous structure, wherein the pore size is ≤1μm; or, after forming the infrared reflective film, forming a porous structure on the surface of the infrared reflective film away from the heat insulation layer by laser etching, wherein the pore size is ≤1μm.

8. A type of heat-insulating glass, characterized in that, It includes a base glass and an energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film disposed on the base glass, wherein the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film is the energy harvesting and heat-insulating composite film as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images