A mining method using ultra-deep and deep holes

Abstract

The application discloses a mining method of super-deep medium-deep holes and belongs to the technical field of underground mine exploitation. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a large section with a height not less than 20 m in a mineral body, directly arranging upward fan-shaped blast holes in the section to form super-deep medium-deep holes on an upper section level, arranging the blast holes with a distance between hole walls not less than 0.1 m at a hole mouth, a distance between hole bottoms not more than 50 times of a hole diameter, a row spacing of 20-25 times of the hole diameter, mirror image arrangement of blast holes of adjacent rows, a plum blossom shape arrangement of the hole bottoms, long and short staggered non-charging sections at the hole mouths, and V-shaped initiation. The method solves the problems of over-dense hole mouths of the super-deep medium-deep holes, over-crushing of ores, damage of rear hole mouths and the like by directly arranging the super-deep medium-deep holes in the section with a height greater than 20 m, controlling the hole mouth distance, the hole bottom distance and the row spacing, arranging the non-charging sections at the hole mouths and mirror image arranging the blast holes of the adjacent rows, realizes effective application of the super-deep medium-deep holes in end mineral bodies, greatly reduces a mining-cutting ratio, maintains normal loss and dilution rates and a large block rate, and realizes safe, efficient and economic mining.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to a mining method using super-deep medium-deep holes. BACKGROUND

[0002] Mining resources belong to non-renewable resources, and how to improve the resource recovery rate is one of the important topics of current mining. The existing mining mostly adopts the balanced production principle of lean and rich mining, large and small mining, thick and thin mining, and difficult and easy mining to improve the recovery rate of mineral resources. The edge and corner small ore body still accounts for a certain proportion in the existing mineral resources, and the edge and corner small ore body is far away from the main ore body, the closer to the end of the ore body, the lower the height of the ore body, and the smaller the effective ore body volume, so the mining is more difficult and the mining cost is high. The medium-deep hole has a relatively appropriate hole diameter and hole depth design, and the existing mining mostly adopts the medium-deep hole mining method for mining. In order to ensure the blasting effect, the conventional medium-deep hole is generally designed to be about 15 m, and the ore body is also arranged in sections of 15 m, and each section is arranged with mining and cutting engineering. In the end of the ore body, each section needs to pass through the ore-free zone, which will lead to an increase in the mining and cutting ratio, improve the overall mining cost, and is not conducive to the improvement of the economic benefit of the mine production. Directly increasing the hole depth on the existing fan-shaped medium-deep hole arrangement structure, in order to control the blasting effect at the hole bottom, the number of blast holes and the single-hole charge amount need to be increased, so there are problems such as too high hole density, easy to wear, and damaged hole after blasting, increased hole bottom deflection rate, increased large ore rate, and reduced blasting success rate due to insufficient charge density when the hole depth is more than 20 m. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a mining method using super-deep medium-deep holes, which can solve the problems of large mining and cutting ratio and high mining cost when the existing medium-deep hole mining method is applied to the end of the ore body.

[0004] The present application is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present application provides a mining method using super-deep medium-deep holes, including the following steps:

[0006] S1, sectional arrangement: dividing the ore body along the ore vein into a plurality of stope, arranging a plurality of large sections with a height greater than 20 m in the stope, arranging a cutting lane and a medium-deep hole drilling lane in each section, and arranging the cutting lane at the end of the ore body;

[0007] S2, blast hole arrangement: along the direction of the drilling roadway, a plurality of rows of blast holes are directly drilled in the segment from the drilling roadway to the upper segment level to form super-deep medium-deep holes, the depth of the blast hole is determined according to the length of the hole to the blast boundary, the hole wall spacing of the blast hole is not less than 0.1m, the hole bottom spacing is not greater than 50 times the hole diameter, the row spacing is set to 20-25 times the hole diameter, and according to the hole spacing and hole bottom spacing, the blast holes of adjacent rows are arranged in mirror image relative to the plane where the center line of the medium-deep hole drilling roadway is located, the center line of the hole bottom of the adjacent row of blast holes is distributed in a zigzag shape, and the hole bottom blast circle of the blast hole is arranged in a plum blossom shape;

[0008] S3, charge structure arrangement: in the drilled blast hole, from the hole bottom to the hole mouth, a charge column section, a plugging section and a non-charging section are arranged in sequence, the charge column section is continuously filled with emulsified granular ammonium oil explosive, the plugging section is plugged with stemming, and the length of the non-charging section is determined according to the unit area charge quantity of the hole mouth, the hole mouth distance and the blast hole density, the length of the non-charging section is set to 20-50 times the hole diameter, and the lengths of the non-charging sections of the blast holes in the same row are staggered; the end of the charge column section of any blast hole near the hole mouth, and the distance between any two adjacent charge column sections is set to 30-50 times the hole diameter;

[0009] S4, blasting design: three rows of blast holes are taken as a group, and are simultaneously initiated by using millisecond blasting, and the blast holes in the same row are initiated in a "V" type delay sequence from the middle to the two sides;

[0010] S5, ore mining: on the basis of the foregoing steps, blasting is started, and ore mining is carried out once for each group of blasting, until the mining of the stope is completed.

[0011] Based on the above technical scheme, by setting the segment height to be greater than 20m, directly arranging upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes in the segment to form super-deep medium-deep holes to the upper segment level, and by controlling the hole spacing, hole bottom spacing and row spacing, and mirror image arrangement of adjacent rows of blast holes, the hole bottom is arranged in a plum blossom shape, the hole mouth is provided with a non-charging section, and the length of the non-charging section is staggered, the problems of high hole mouth density of super-deep medium-deep holes, large unit area charge quantity of hole mouth, large damage of adjacent row hole mouths, and high large block rate of ore are solved, the application and effective blasting of super-deep medium-deep holes in the end part of the ore body are realized, the recovery rate is maintained to be good, and the mining and cutting ratio and loss and dilution rate of the end part of the ore body are kept at a normal level, and the mining cost of the end part of the ore body is effectively controlled.

[0012] Further, in S2, the blast boundary is determined according to the stope and the segment, the two ends of the blast boundary are limited by the cutting roadway and the ore body boundary line, the side is limited by the stope side, and the upper end is limited by the upper boundary line, which is set at the edge of the upper segment hole blasting or the edge of the upper goaf downwardly by 1.0m; this design is beneficial to retaining a certain thickness and strength of rock mass on the upper disc of the stope, and reducing the collapse of the upper disc and the roof of the stope to increase the ore dilution rate;

[0013] Further, the angle between the upper boundary line and the segmented horizontal line is designed as 20°, which can simultaneously consider the overlapping range of the upper and lower segmented blasting fragmentation circles.

[0014] Further, the blasting boundary is provided with a minimum angle line, and the determination method of the minimum angle line is as follows: the upper boundary line intersects with the side of the stope to form a first intersection point, and the center line of the same row of blast holes intersects in the medium-length hole drilling roadway to form a second intersection point, and the line connecting the first intersection point and the second intersection point is the minimum angle line, and there are two mirror-symmetrical minimum angle lines in the same plane, and the blast holes in each row of S2 are arranged on one of the minimum angle lines, and the purpose of the design is to arrange the blast holes on the minimum angle lines on different sides of the front and rear rows of blast holes, which can avoid the overlapping consumption of blasting energy, improve the regularity of the blasting boundary, and be more conducive to the control of the mining amount and the protection of the adjacent stope.

[0015] Further, in S2, the virtual slag of the roadway floor is cleaned to a hard bottom ground before the blast hole is drilled, the medium-length hole row position line is marked in advance in the medium-length hole drilling roadway, and the transparent plastic nylon rope is arranged in the roadway as the center line of the drilling equipment, and when drilling, the drilling equipment travels along the transparent plastic nylon rope and drills the blast hole at a fixed angle and posture, and the purpose of the design is to reduce the hole deflection error caused by the traditional manual drawing of the center line of the drilling equipment, and improve the controllability of the blast hole drilling.

[0016] Further, in S3, each row of the outermost blast hole is designed as a side hole, the blast holes between the side holes are designed as middle holes, and the length of the non-charging section of each blast hole is determined by the blast hole charge column section offset method, and the specific method includes:

[0017] S301, determining the length of the non-charging section of the side hole: the length of the non-charging section of each row of side hole is designed as 20 times the hole diameter, and the length of the charge column section of the side hole is obtained;

[0018] S302, determining the length of the non-charging section of the first group of middle holes: the charge column section of the side hole is translated inward along the perpendicular direction of the center line of the side hole by 20 times the hole diameter to obtain a first offset line, and the middle hole intersecting with the first offset line is designed as the first group of middle holes, the intersection point of the first group of middle holes and the first offset line is designed as the end point of the charge column section, and the length of the non-charging section of the first group of middle holes is obtained;

[0019] S303, determining the length of the non-charging section of the second group of middle holes: the charge column section of the innermost middle hole of the first group of middle holes determined in S302 is translated inward along the perpendicular direction of the center line by 20 times the hole diameter to obtain a second offset line, and the middle hole intersecting with the second offset line is designed as the second group of middle holes, the intersection point of the second group of middle holes and the second offset line is designed as the end point of the charge column section, and the length of the non-charging section of the second group of middle holes is obtained;

[0020] S304, repeating S303 until the length of the non-charging section of all blast holes is determined;

[0021] Based on the method of determining the non-charging length of the blast hole by using the above segment offset line, it is beneficial to accurately control the spacing of any two adjacent charge segments at the hole opening, effectively reduce the explosive quantity per unit area at the hole opening, further solve the problem of overlapping consumption of blast energy at the hole opening, which not only increases the consumption of explosives, but also easily leads to over-crushing of ore, and the problem of easy damage to the rear blast hole, further improving the feasibility of the application of ultra-deep and deep holes.

[0022] Further, in S3, the blast hole is continuously charged by using a BQF-100II pneumatic charger, a barometer for monitoring the working air pressure is installed on the charger, the working air pressure is set to be greater than or equal to 0.6Mpa, and the charging pipe is lowered at a speed controlled by the charging operator to control the charging density to be 0.95-1.0g / cm, which is beneficial to form a charge column with uniform density and stable transmission in the blast hole.

[0023] Further, in S3, the blast hole is continuously charged by using a BQF-100II pneumatic charger, a barometer for monitoring the working air pressure is installed on the charger, the working air pressure is set to be greater than or equal to 0.6Mpa, and the charging pipe is lowered at a speed controlled by the charging operator to control the charging density to be 0.95-1.0g / cm, which is beneficial to form a charge column with uniform density and stable transmission in the blast hole.

[0024] Further, when the blast hole is greater than 20m in depth, an initiating head is also arranged at the middle position of the charge segment of the blast hole, which is beneficial to ensure the success rate of blasting when the charge column is accidentally cut off, and also beneficial to shorten the blasting time of the charge column of the ultra-deep and deep hole.

[0025] Advantages or beneficial effects

[0026] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0027] 1) By setting the segment height to be greater than 20m, an ultra-deep and deep hole is formed by directly arranging upward fan-shaped deep holes in the segment to the upper segment level, and by controlling the hole spacing, hole spacing and row spacing, and mirror arrangement of adjacent rows of blast holes, the hole bottom is arranged in a plum blossom shape, the hole opening is arranged without charging section, and the length of the non-charging section is staggered, the problem of high hole opening density of the ultra-deep and deep hole, easy to pierce, large unit area charge of the hole opening, large damage of the adjacent row of hole openings, high ore lump rate, etc. is solved, the application and effective blasting of the ultra-deep and deep hole in the end ore body are realized, the recovery rate is maintained, the mining and cutting ratio is low, the loss and dilution rate of the end ore body is maintained at a normal level, the preparation period of the standby mining room is accelerated, the mining cost of the end ore body is effectively controlled, and the mine is safely, efficiently and economically recovered.

[0028] 2) By adopting the method of cartridge segment offset line, the hole non-charging length is determined, which is beneficial to accurately control the interval of any two adjacent cartridge segments in the hole mouth area, effectively reduce the explosive quantity per unit area at the hole mouth, further solve the problem of hole mouth blasting energy overlap consumption, increase the consumption of initiating explosive, easily lead to ore over crushing, and the problem of the rear row of holes being easily damaged, further improve the feasibility of the application of ultra-deep medium-length hole. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the end of the ore body of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the hole bottom distribution of the present application from the top view;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the n-th row of holes of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the n+1-th row of holes of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution overlap of two rows of holes of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the single hole charging structure of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the m-th row of hole charging length of the present application;

[0037] In the figure: ore body 1; stope 2; first intersection point 21; second intersection point 22; upper boundary line 23; section 3; drilling gallery 4; hole 5; edge hole 51; middle hole 52; cartridge segment 5a; blocking segment 5b; non-charging segment 5c; detonator head 5d; detonating cord 5e; first offset line 6; second offset line 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0039] The following detailed description is described by taking the end of a certain ore body as shown in Figure 1 and selecting the section with elevation 115m-145m for specific description.

[0040] The present application provides a mining method using ultra-deep medium-length hole: comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1, segmented layout: such as Figure 1 As shown, the ore body 1 is divided into multiple mining areas 2 along the vein direction, and multiple large sections 3 with a height of 30m are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the vein. Medium-deep hole drilling tunnels 4 are arranged in the mining area of ​​each section 3, such as medium-deep hole drilling tunnels 4 at the 115m level and the 145m level.

[0042] S2, Hole Layout: Within segment 3 (115m-145m), multiple rows of blast holes 5 are directly excavated from the 115m horizontal level of the medium-deep hole drilling tunnel 4 to the bottom of the 145m horizontal level to form ultra-deep to medium-deep holes. The diameter of the ultra-deep to medium-deep holes is the same as that of conventional medium-deep holes, set at φ80mm. The depth of each blast hole 5 is determined based on the length from the hole opening to the blasting boundary. The distance between the hole opening and the hole wall of each blast hole 5 is not less than 0.1m, the distance between the hole bottoms is not greater than 50 times the blast hole diameter, and the row spacing is set to 20-25 times the blast hole diameter. Based on the distance between the hole opening and the hole bottom, adjacent rows of blast holes 5 are arranged in a mirror image relative to the plane containing the centerline of the medium-deep hole drilling tunnel 4. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the parameters for setting borehole 5 are as follows: the distance between the openings of adjacent boreholes in the same row is not less than 0.18m (not shown in the figure); the distance between the bottoms of adjacent rows of boreholes 5 is set to 2.46m, and none is greater than 3.2m; the row spacing is set to 2.0m; the center lines connecting the bottoms of adjacent rows of boreholes 5 form a sawtooth pattern; and the blasting rings at the bottom of the boreholes, formed according to the principle that the radius of the blasting fragmentation ring rc = (20~25) the radius of the explosive charge rb, form a quincunx pattern. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a distribution map of the boreholes in the nth row. Figure 4 The diagram shown is a distribution map of the boreholes in the (n+1)th row. Figure 5 The diagram shows the overlapping distribution of the boreholes in the nth and (n+1)th rows, with the boreholes in the nth and (n+1)th rows arranged in a mirror image.

[0043] S3, Charge Structure Arrangement: such as Figure 6 As shown, a detonating cord 5e is laid through the drilled borehole 5. From the bottom to the opening, a charge section 5a, a sealing section 5b, and an uncharged section 5c are sequentially arranged within the borehole 5. The charge section 5a is continuously filled with emulsified granular ammonium nitrate explosive. A detonating warhead 5d is placed near the bottom of the charge section 5a. The detonating warhead 5d is made of a digital detonator and an emulsified explosive strip. Preferably, when the borehole depth is greater than 20m, a detonating warhead 5d is also placed in the middle of the charge section 5a. The detonating warhead 5d is connected to the detonating cord 5e. The sealing section 5b is sealed with borehole clay. The length of the uncharged section 5c is determined based on the charge per unit area at the opening, the borehole spacing, and the density of the borehole 5. Figure 7As shown, the length of the non-charged section 5c is set to 20-50 times the borehole diameter (i.e. 1.6-4.0 m), and the lengths of the non-charged sections 5c of the holes in the same row are staggered, the end of the charge column section 5a of any hole 5 is close to the hole mouth, and the distance between any two adjacent charge column sections 5a is set to 30-50 times the borehole diameter (i.e. 2.4-4.0 m). Specifically, the distance between the end of the charge column section 5a of the first middle hole 52 from the right and the charge column section 5a of the side hole 51 and the second middle hole 52 from the right is 2.73 m. The charge column section 5a is continuously charged by using a BQF-100II air-driven charging device, a barometer for monitoring the working air pressure is installed in the charging device before charging, the working air pressure for charging is set to be higher than 0.6 Mpa, and the charging density is controlled to be 0.95-1.0 g / cm by controlling the lowering speed of the charging pipe by the charging operator.

[0044] S4, blasting design: three rows of holes 5 are taken as a group, and are simultaneously initiated by using millisecond blasting, and the holes 5 in the same row are initiated in a "V" type delay sequence from the middle to the sides;

[0045] S5, ore drawing: on the basis of the foregoing steps, blasting is started, and ore drawing is performed once for each group of blasting, until the mining of the stope 2 is completed.

[0046] Further, in S2, the blasting boundary is determined according to the stope 2 and the section 3, the lower end of the blasting boundary is limited by the lower edge of the ore body of the section 3, the side edge is limited by the side edge of the stope 2, and the upper end is limited by an upper boundary line 23, which is set at a position 1.0 m below the blasting edge of the side hole 51 of the upper section 3, and the included angle between the upper boundary line 23 and the horizontal line of the section 3 is set to 20°. A minimum included angle line is arranged in the blasting boundary, and the determination method of the minimum included angle line is as follows: the upper boundary line 23 and the side edge of the stope 2 intersect to form a first intersection point 21, and the center line of the hole 5 in the same row intersects in the middle-deep hole drilling roadway 4 to form a second intersection point 22, and the line connecting the first intersection point 21 and the second intersection point 22 is the minimum included angle line, and there are two mirror-symmetrical minimum included angle lines in the same plane, and each row of holes 5 is arranged on one of the minimum included angle lines in S2. As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the embodiment, the lower end of the blasting boundary is limited by the 115 m horizontal line, the side edge is limited by the side edge of the stope 2, and the upper end is limited by an upper boundary line 23 which is a translation line 1.0 m below the blasting edge of the side hole 51 of the 145 m section 3, and the blasting boundary includes two minimum included angle lines, wherein, as shown in Figure 5 The third hole 5 from the left in the nth row is arranged on the left minimum included angle line of the blasting boundary, and the third hole 5 from the right in the nth+1 row is arranged on the right minimum included angle line of the blasting boundary.

[0047] Furthermore, in S2, before drilling blast hole 5, the loose debris on the roadway floor is cleared to the hard ground. The center hole positioning line is marked in advance in the roadway of the medium-deep hole drilling roadway 4, and transparent plastic nylon rope is laid in the roadway as the center line of the drilling equipment. During drilling, the drilling equipment moves along the transparent plastic nylon rope and drills blast hole 5 at a fixed angle and posture to reduce the hole deviation error caused by the working environment, equipment and traditional manual drawing of the center line of the drilling equipment, and improve the controllability of drilling blast hole 5.

[0048] Furthermore, in S3, the outermost borehole 5 in each row is designated as a side borehole 51, and the boreholes 5 between the side boreholes 51 are designated as intermediate boreholes 52. The length of the unloaded section 5c of each borehole 5 is determined by offsetting the propellant section 5a of the borehole 5. Figure 7 As shown, the specific methods include:

[0049] S301, determine the length of the unloaded section 5c of the side hole 51: set the unloaded length of each row of side holes 51 to 20 times the borehole diameter (i.e., 1.6m), and then reverse the calculation to obtain the length of the propellant section 5a of the side hole 51.

[0050] S302, Determine the length of the unloaded section 5c of the first group of intermediate holes 52: Shift the propellant section 5a of the two side holes 51 inward along the perpendicular direction of the center line of the side holes 51 by 20 times the borehole diameter (i.e., 1.6m) to obtain the first offset line 6. The intermediate hole 52 that intersects with the first offset line 6 is set as the first group of intermediate holes 52. The intersection point of the first group of intermediate holes 52 with the first offset line 6 is taken as the end point of the propellant section 5a. Then, the length of the unloaded section 5c of the first group of intermediate holes 52 is obtained by reverse calculation.

[0051] S303, Determine the length of the unloaded section 5c of the second group of intermediate holes 52: The innermost intermediate hole 52 propellant section 5a of the first group of intermediate holes 52 determined in S302 is shifted inward along the perpendicular direction of its center line by 20 times the borehole diameter length (i.e., 1.6m) to obtain the second offset line 7. The intermediate hole 52 that intersects with the second offset line 7 is set as the second group of intermediate holes 52. The intersection point of the second group of intermediate holes 52 with the second offset line 7 is taken as the end point of the propellant section 5a. Then, the length of the unloaded section 5c of the second group of intermediate holes 52 is calculated in reverse.

[0052] S304, repeat S303 until the length of the unloaded section 5c is determined for all boreholes 5.

[0053] This embodiment uses the above-mentioned method of offset line of explosive charge segment to determine the length of the blast hole without explosive charge. It can accurately control the distance between any two adjacent explosive charge segments in the blast hole area, effectively reduce the amount of explosive charge per unit area at the blast hole, and further solve the problem of overlapping energy consumption at the blast hole, which increases pyrotechnic consumption, easily leads to over-crushing of ore, and makes the rear blast holes 5 easy to be damaged. It further improves the feasibility of ultra-deep and medium-deep blast hole applications.

[0054] The present application has the advantages of: (1) arranging the ultra-deep and deep holes in the sectional height of 20-30 m, greatly saving the mining and cutting engineering layout quantity of small and medium ore bodies, such as saving 1-2 sectional engineering layout in the stage height of 100 m, greatly reducing the mining and cutting ratio, speeding up the mining period, ensuring the overall recovery rate, maintaining the mining and cutting ratio less than 42 m / wt, the loss rate less than 10%, the dilution rate less than 10%, the normal level of the collapse of the medium-deep hole of more than 8 t / m, realizing the safe, efficient and economic mining of the mine.

[0055] For example, the mining index of a certain end ore body is shown in the following table:

[0056]

[0057] (2) Under the condition of arranging the ultra-deep fan-shaped deep hole, the fan-shaped hole bottom and hole distance are analyzed to determine the odd and even row cross-mirror arrangement of the blast hole, forming the misplacement of the blast hole corresponding to the different rows, preventing the high density of the fan-shaped deep hole from causing perforation;

[0058] (3) Under the condition of high hole mouth density, by calculating the hole mouth unit area charge, linear density and hole mouth distance, the method of offset line of the charge column is creatively used to determine the non-charging length of each hole, so that the length of the non-charging section of each hole is staggered, effectively solving the problems of high hole mouth density, easy perforation, excessive crushing of ore at the hole mouth, and the post-hole charging operation being not conducive to the post-hole charging operation, etc. when arranging the ultra-deep deep hole, realizing the effective application of the ultra-deep deep hole, and further solving the problems of low recovery rate, high ore dilution rate, large mining and cutting ratio, and high mining cost of the end ore body using the conventional deep hole mining method.

[0059] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0060] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the technical scope of the present application, so any slight modification, equivalent change and modification made according to the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiment still belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of mining using ultra-deep medium-deep holes, characterized in that , comprising the following steps: S1, segment arrangement: the ore body is divided into multiple stope along the vein trend, multiple large segments with a height greater than 20m are arranged in the stope, cutting lane and medium-length hole drilling lane are arranged in each segment, and the cutting lane is arranged at the end of the ore body; S2, blast hole arrangement: along the drilling lane trend, multiple rows of blast holes are directly drilled from the drilling lane to the upper segment level in the segment to form super-deep medium-length holes, the depth of the blast hole is determined according to the length of the hole to the blast boundary, the hole wall spacing of the blast hole is not less than 0.1m, the hole bottom spacing is not greater than 50 times the blast hole diameter, the row spacing is set to 20~25 times the blast hole diameter, and according to the hole spacing and hole bottom spacing, the blast holes of adjacent rows are arranged in mirror image relative to the plane where the center line of the medium-length hole drilling lane is located, the center line of the hole bottom of the adjacent row blast hole is distributed in a zigzag shape, and the hole bottom blast hole is arranged in a plum blossom shape; S3, charge structure arrangement: the blast hole drilled is sequentially arranged with a charge column segment, a plugging segment and a non-charging segment from the hole bottom to the hole mouth, the charge column segment is continuously filled with emulsified granular ammonium oil explosive, the plugging segment is plugged with stemming, and the length of the non-charging segment is determined according to the unit area charge quantity of the hole mouth, the hole mouth distance and the blast hole density, the length of the non-charging segment is set to 20~50 times the blast hole diameter, and the lengths of the non-charging segments of the blast holes in the same row are staggered; the end of the charge column segment of any blast hole near the hole mouth, and the spacing between any two adjacent charge column segments is set to 30~50 times the blast hole diameter; S4, blasting design: three rows of blast holes are taken as a group, and are simultaneously initiated by using millisecond blasting, and the blast holes in the same row are initiated in a "V" type delay sequence from the middle to the two sides; S5, ore extraction: on the basis of the foregoing steps, blasting is started, and ore extraction is carried out once for each group of blasting, until the mining of the stope is completed.

2. A mining method using ultra-deep or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the blast boundary is determined according to the stope and the segment, the two ends of the blast boundary are limited by the cutting lane and the ore body boundary line, the side boundary is limited by the stope side boundary, and the upper boundary line is arranged at the edge of the upper segment or the edge of the upper goaf downwardly by 1.0m.

3. A method of mining using ultra-deep or deep holes according to claim 2, characterised in that: The angle between the upper boundary line and the segment horizontal line is set to 20°.

4. A method of mining with ultra-deep or deep holes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blast boundary is provided with a minimum angle line, and the determination method of the minimum angle line is that the upper boundary line intersects with the stope side boundary to form a first intersection point, the center line of the blast hole in the same row intersects in the medium-length hole drilling lane to form a second intersection point, and the line connecting the first intersection point and the second intersection point is the minimum angle line, and there are two mirror symmetric minimum angle lines in the same plane, and each row of blast holes in S2 is arranged on one of the minimum angle lines.

5. A method of mining with ultra-deep or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the virtual slag of the roadway floor is cleaned to a hard bottom floor before the blast hole is drilled, the medium-length hole drilling lane is pre-marked with a medium-length hole row position line, and a transparent plastic nylon rope is arranged in the roadway as the center line of the drilling equipment, and when the blast hole is drilled, the drilling equipment travels along the transparent plastic nylon rope and drills the blast hole at a fixed angle and posture.

6. A method of mining with ultra-deep or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the outermost blast holes in each row are set as edge holes, the blast holes between the edge holes are set as middle holes, and the length of the non-charging segment of each blast hole is determined by the blast hole charge column segment offset method, and the specific method comprises: S301, determining the length of the non-charging segment of the edge hole: the length of the non-charging segment of each row of edge holes is set to 20 times the blast hole diameter, and the length of the charge column segment of the edge hole is obtained. S302, determining the first group of middle hole non-charging section length: the two side hole charge column section is translated inward along the vertical line direction of the center line of the side hole by 20 times the hole diameter length to obtain a first offset line, the middle hole intersecting the first offset line is set as the first group of middle holes, the first group of middle holes takes the intersection point with the first offset line as the cutoff point of the charge column section, and then the first group of middle hole non-charging section length is obtained; S303, determining the second group of middle hole non-charging section length: the innermost middle hole charge column section of the first group of middle holes determined in S302 is translated inward along the vertical line direction of the center line by 20 times the hole diameter length to obtain a second offset line, the middle hole intersecting the second offset line is set as the second group of middle holes, the second group of middle holes takes the intersection point with the second offset line as the cutoff point of the charge column section, and then the second group of middle hole non-charging section length is obtained; S304, repeating S303 until all holes are determined to have non-charging section length.

7. A method of mining with ultra-deep or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the holes are continuously charged by using a BQF-100II wind-driven charger, a barometer for monitoring the working air pressure is installed on the charger, the working air pressure is set to be greater than or equal to 0.6Mpa, and the charging density is controlled to be 0.95-1.0g / cm.

8. A method of mining with ultra-deep or deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the bottom of the hole is arranged with a detonator head, and a detonating cord is arranged in the hole, the detonating cord is connected with the detonator head, and the detonator head is made of a digital detonator and an emulsion explosive strip.

9. A method of mining with ultra-deep or deep holes according to claim 8, characterised by the fact that: When the hole depth is greater than 20m, the middle position of the hole charge column section is also provided with a detonator head.

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