Working system and method for farmland monitoring based on satellite image data

Abstract

The present invention proposes a working system and method for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data, including: a data acquisition module, which is used to collect original cultivated land image data through satellites, divide the monitored cultivated land into several monitoring grids, and calculate the infrared band mean of all monitoring grids; a change rate analysis module, which is used to calculate the growth change rate according to the mean of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflectance value, and is used to establish a later cultivated land monitoring model; a cultivated land monitoring model, which is used to calculate the cultivated land monitoring retention degree K including the growth score and the cultivated land coverage overlap index after calculating the cultivated land growth change rate, and an alarm operation will be performed when it exceeds the monitoring interval. The present invention has significant beneficial effects in improving data accuracy, effectively monitoring cultivated land growth changes and coverage overlap, providing decision support, and promoting environmental protection and resource management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of data analysis, and in particular to a working system and method for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural land is the basic element for growing food. Promoting the improvement of comprehensive monitoring and supervision of cultivated land is a condition for ensuring the all-round and orderly development of basic elements. This requires the rational use of land resources and the timeliness, accuracy and directionality of monitoring and early warning. In the prior art, the cultivated land situation is monitored and managed through the real-time changes of satellite images, but the conventional monitoring and comparison method will cause data omissions. In CN 117036986A, agricultural cultivated land is analyzed by regularity and continuity to determine whether there is a spatial fault phenomenon in adjacent land areas, so as to supervise the total amount of cultivated land. Although regularity and continuity can reflect certain spatial characteristics of the land, they cannot fully reflect the overall situation of the land, especially in the complex and changeable agricultural cultivated land system; and relying only on regularity and continuity to judge the spatial fault phenomenon is too simplistic, ignoring other important factors that may affect the spatial structure of the land, such as soil quality, land use methods, environmental conditions, etc. This urgently requires technicians in this field to solve the corresponding technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, and in particular innovatively proposes a working system and method for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the present invention, the present invention provides a working system for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data, comprising:

[0005] The data acquisition module is used to collect original cultivated land image data through satellites, divide the monitored cultivated land into several monitoring grids, and calculate the infrared band mean value of all monitoring grids;

[0006] The change rate calculation module is used to calculate the growth change rate based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflectance value, and is used to establish a later cultivated land monitoring model;

[0007] The cultivated land monitoring model is used to calculate the cultivated land growth change rate, and then calculate the cultivated land monitoring retention degree K including the growth score and the cultivated land coverage overlap index. If it exceeds the monitoring interval, an alarm operation will be performed.

[0008] Preferably, the data acquisition module comprises:

[0009] Calculate the infrared band mean value for all monitoring grids;

[0010]

[0011] in, is the mean normalized reflectance characteristic of the cultivated land near-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, is the normalized reflectance characteristic mean of the short-wave infrared band of cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid, is the normalized reflectance characteristic mean of the cultivated land in the far infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, P i is the normalized reflectance characteristic value of the cultivated land in the near-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, Q i is the normalized reflectance characteristic value of the short-wave infrared band of the cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid, R i is the normalized reflectance eigenvalue of the cultivated land in the far-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, and I is the total number of monitoring grids.

[0012] Preferably, the change rate calculation module of the above technical solution includes:

[0013] The growth change rate is calculated based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the reflection value of the real-time cultivated land image;

[0014]

[0015] Among them, Y is the total number of years for obtaining data, y is the year number, P′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the cultivated land in the near-infrared band of the monitoring grid, Q′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the cultivated land in the short-wave infrared band of the monitoring grid, R′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the cultivated land in the far-infrared band of the monitoring grid, and ε is the growth change rate. Because the weight differences of different bands and different years need to be considered, after the absolute value of the real-time value and the difference of each band is calculated, the corresponding weight is adjusted to make the growth change rate more accurate. α is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the cultivated land in the near-infrared band of the monitoring grid, β is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the cultivated land in the short-wave infrared band of the monitoring grid, and δ is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the cultivated land in the far-infrared band of the monitoring grid.

[0016] The above technical solution preferably also includes:

[0017] The mean and value of different bands of cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid are is the band mean adjustment coefficient of the i-th monitoring grid in the y-th year.

[0018] Preferably, the above technical solution comprises:

[0019] The cultivated land monitoring and maintenance degree K is calculated;

[0020]

[0021] G jis the growth score, D k is the overlap index of cultivated land coverage; subscript j is the number of growth state related factors, J is the total number of growth state related factors, k is the number of overlapping influencing factors, K is the total number of overlapping influencing factors, Π is the direct product symbol, and the growth change rate ε and the growth score G are converted into j Combined, for all considered monitoring grids or monitoring areas, the growth change rate ε and the growth score G j Multiply them together and multiply these products together. This emphasizes the common influence of all grids or regions, when a low value in any grid or region will have a significant impact on the overall result. k Sum and obtain the overlap degree between cultivated land and other land types in all monitoring grids or areas.

[0022] The above technical solution preferably also includes:

[0023] The growth score is calculated as:

[0024] Among them, S ij is the salinity of cultivated land in the jth growth state of the ith monitoring grid, s is the adjustment weight of cultivated land salinity, V ij is the cultivation density of cultivated land in the jth growth state of the ith monitoring grid, v is the adjustment weight of the cultivation density of cultivated land, and U ij is the cultivated land humidity of the jth growth state in the ith monitoring grid, and u is the adjustment weight of the cultivated land humidity.

[0025] The above technical solution preferably also includes:

[0026] The calculation process of the overlap rate of cultivated land coverage is as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, M k is the proportion of cultivated land coverage, μ is the cultivated land weight coefficient, M i is the area ratio of overlapping cultivated land obtained by the i-th monitoring grid according to the time period, and λ is the overlapping cultivated land coverage weight coefficient.

[0029] The present invention also discloses a working method for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1, collect original cultivated land image data through satellite, divide the monitored cultivated land into several monitoring grids, and calculate the infrared band mean of all monitoring grids;

[0031] S2, calculates the growth change rate based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflection value, which is used to establish a later cultivated land monitoring model;

[0032] S3, after calculating the cultivated land growth change rate, the cultivated land monitoring maintenance degree K including the growth score and the cultivated land coverage overlap index is calculated, and an alarm operation will be performed if it exceeds the monitoring interval.

[0033] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] The original cultivated land image data collected by satellites can obtain high-resolution and high-precision cultivated land information, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent monitoring and analysis. The cultivated land is divided into several monitoring grids, making the monitoring of cultivated land more detailed and more accurately capturing the growth changes and coverage overlap of cultivated land. The growth change rate is calculated based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflectance value, which can reflect the growth status of cultivated land in real time and find abnormal growth or problem areas in time. The established later cultivated land monitoring model can predict and evaluate the growth trend of cultivated land based on historical data and real-time data, providing scientific guidance for agricultural production. Calculating the cultivated land coverage overlap index can identify the overlapping coverage between cultivated land, avoid repeated calculations or statistical errors, and improve the accuracy and reliability of data. For the overlapping coverage of cultivated land that exceeds the monitoring interval, an alarm operation can be performed to timely discover and deal with potential problems and avoid waste or loss of resources.

[0035] By analyzing the monitoring retention degree, support can be provided for agricultural decision-making, such as adjusting the planting structure, optimizing resource allocation, and strengthening soil management, so as to improve agricultural production efficiency and sustainability. By monitoring the growth changes and coverage overlap of cultivated land, possible environmental problems such as soil erosion and water waste can be discovered and solved in a timely manner, promoting environmental protection and rational use of resources. The monitoring results can also provide a scientific basis for land planning, ecological protection, etc., and promote the harmonious development of agriculture and the environment.

[0036] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0038] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a working system for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data, comprising:

[0042] The data acquisition module is used to collect original cultivated land image data through satellites, divide the monitored cultivated land into several monitoring grids, and calculate the infrared band mean value of all monitoring grids;

[0043] The change rate calculation module is used to calculate the growth change rate based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflectance value, and is used to establish a later cultivated land monitoring model;

[0044] The cultivated land monitoring model is used to calculate the cultivated land growth change rate, and then calculate the cultivated land monitoring retention degree K including the growth score and the cultivated land coverage overlap index. If it exceeds the monitoring interval, an alarm operation will be performed.

[0045] Preferably, the data acquisition module comprises:

[0046] Using spectral sensors carried on satellites, we can obtain spectral data of cultivated land.

[0047] Obtain satellite remote sensing image data of cultivated land monitoring location plots, extract waveform parameter characteristics within a time period corresponding to the satellite remote sensing image data of cultivated land monitoring location plots; perform mean calculation based on the waveform parameters and preset satellite remote sensing image data to obtain the waveform parameter distance variation degree in the satellite remote sensing image data of cultivated land monitoring location plots;

[0048] The satellite remote sensing image data of cultivated land monitoring location plots are the actual large-scale plots of the monitored cultivated land area, which are evenly divided into several monitoring grids and monitored in real time by acquiring satellite remote sensing images;

[0049] Calculate the infrared band mean value for all monitoring grids;

[0050]

[0051] in, is the mean normalized reflectance characteristic of the cultivated land near-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, is the normalized reflectance characteristic mean of the short-wave infrared band of cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid, is the normalized reflectance characteristic mean of the cultivated land in the far infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, P iis the normalized reflectance characteristic value of the cultivated land in the near-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, Q i is the normalized reflectance characteristic value of the short-wave infrared band of the cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid, R i is the normalized reflectance characteristic value of the cultivated land in the far-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, and I is the total number of monitoring grids;

[0052] The near-infrared band has high penetration and can be transmitted in the atmosphere. The near-infrared band is particularly suitable for measuring the chlorophyll content in plant leaves and then evaluating the photosynthesis status.

[0053] The shortwave infrared band can penetrate the atmosphere well and is often used for surface temperature measurement, surface cover type classification, etc.

[0054] The far-infrared band is very sensitive to the thermal radiation of objects and is particularly suitable for detecting objects with lower temperatures, such as the ground, animals and plants.

[0055] The growth change rate is calculated based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the reflection value of the real-time cultivated land image;

[0056]

[0057] Among them, Y is the total number of years for obtaining data, y is the year number, P′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the near-infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, Q′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the short-wave infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, R′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the far-infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, and ε is the growth change rate; because the weight differences of different bands and different years need to be considered, after the absolute value of the real-time value and the difference of each band is calculated, the corresponding weight is adjusted to make the growth change rate more accurate, α is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the near-infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, β is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the short-wave infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, and δ is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the far-infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid;

[0058] The mean and value of different bands of cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid are is the band mean adjustment coefficient of the i-th monitoring grid in the y-th year.

[0059] Since farmland protection needs to take into account the influencing factors of the external environment, after calculating the farmland growth change rate, the farmland monitoring maintenance degree K including the growth score and the farmland coverage overlap index is calculated;

[0060]

[0061] G j is the growth score, D kis the overlap index of cultivated land coverage; subscript j is the number of growth state related factors, J is the total number of growth state related factors, k is the number of overlapping influencing factors, K is the total number of overlapping influencing factors, Π is the direct product symbol, and the growth change rate ε and the growth score G are converted into j Combined, for all considered monitoring grids or monitoring areas, the growth change rate ε and the growth score G j Multiply them together and multiply these products together. This emphasizes the common influence of all grids or regions, when a low value in any grid or region will have a significant impact on the overall result. k Sum and obtain the overlap degree between cultivated land and other land types in all monitoring grids or areas.

[0062] The growth score is calculated as:

[0063] Among them, S ij is the salinity of cultivated land in the jth growth state of the ith monitoring grid, s is the adjustment weight of cultivated land salinity, V ij is the cultivation density of cultivated land in the jth growth state of the ith monitoring grid, v is the adjustment weight of the cultivation density of cultivated land, and U ij is the humidity of the jth growth state of the ith monitoring grid, u is the humidity adjustment weight of the cultivated land, and the growth state is set to 12 months, so the maximum value of J is 12.

[0064] This formula comprehensively considers three factors: salinity, tillage density and humidity of cultivated land. These three factors are important indicators affecting the growth conditions of cultivated land. By introducing three weights, s, v and u, the influence of different factors on the growth score is adjusted according to actual conditions, making the evaluation more flexible and accurate. The higher the score, the better the growth condition of the cultivated land, and vice versa.

[0065] Regarding the overlap rate of cultivated land coverage, if we want to calculate the overlap rate between cultivated land and other types of land cover (such as forest land, grassland, water area, etc.), we need to determine the area of ​​these overlapping or intersecting areas, and the values ​​obtained in different time periods will be different. The overall theoretical calculation process is:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, M k is the proportion of cultivated land coverage, μ is the cultivated land weight coefficient, M i is the area ratio of overlapping cultivated land obtained by the i-th monitoring grid according to the time period, and λ is the overlapping cultivated land weight coefficient;

[0068] This formula is for the coverage area ratio of cultivated land and the overlapping coverage area ratio. The overlapping coverage area ratio of cultivated land is obtained according to the time period, which means that the calculation of the overlap rate is dynamic to reflect the changes in the overlapping coverage of cultivated land.

[0069] The growth score G j and the overlap index of cultivated land cover D k After substituting the cultivated land monitoring conservation degree K for calculation, the monitoring high threshold and monitoring low threshold are set for cultivated land monitoring analysis. If it is a low threshold (K_low), when the K value is lower than K_low, it means that the cultivated land conservation degree is poor, and it is uploaded to the remote terminal for early warning or special attention; when the K value is higher than K_high, it means that the cultivated land conservation degree is very good; between the two is within an acceptable range.

[0070] Cultivated land monitoring data table

[0071]

[0072] annotation:

[0073] Near infrared band index: The near infrared band (NIR) is particularly sensitive to green vegetation and can reflect the growth status of vegetation. Generally, healthy vegetation has a higher reflectivity in the near infrared band.

[0074] Shortwave infrared band index: Shortwave infrared band (SWIR) is sensitive to moisture content and vegetation structure. It can help distinguish different types of vegetation and soil moisture.

[0075] Far infrared band index: The far infrared band (TIR) ​​mainly reflects the thermal radiation of the surface, which is related to soil moisture and vegetation transpiration. It provides information about the surface temperature.

[0076] Growth rate ε: Based on the information of near-infrared, short-wave infrared and far-infrared bands, it is calculated by the above-mentioned algorithm or model, reflecting the growth status or change rate of cultivated land.

[0077] Cultivated land monitoring conservation degree K: Based on the growth rate ε, growth score Gj and cultivated land coverage overlap index Dk, it is obtained through a specific calculation formula and is used to evaluate the conservation degree of cultivated land.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also discloses a working method for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data, comprising the following steps:

[0079] S1, collect original cultivated land image data through satellite, divide the monitored cultivated land into several monitoring grids, and calculate the infrared band mean of all monitoring grids;

[0080] S2, calculates the growth change rate based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflection value, which is used to establish a later cultivated land monitoring model;

[0081] S3, after calculating the cultivated land growth change rate, the cultivated land monitoring maintenance degree K including the growth score and the cultivated land coverage overlap index is calculated, and an alarm operation will be performed if it exceeds the monitoring interval.

[0082] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0083] The original cultivated land image data collected by satellites can obtain high-resolution and high-precision cultivated land information, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent monitoring and analysis. The cultivated land is divided into several monitoring grids, making the monitoring of cultivated land more detailed and more accurately capturing the growth changes and coverage overlap of cultivated land. The growth change rate is calculated based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflectance value, which can reflect the growth status of cultivated land in real time and find abnormal growth or problem areas in time. The established later cultivated land monitoring model can predict and evaluate the growth trend of cultivated land based on historical data and real-time data, providing scientific guidance for agricultural production. Calculating the cultivated land coverage overlap index can identify the overlapping coverage between cultivated land, avoid repeated calculations or statistical errors, and improve the accuracy and reliability of data. For the overlapping coverage of cultivated land that exceeds the monitoring interval, an alarm operation can be performed to timely discover and deal with potential problems and avoid waste or loss of resources.

[0084] By analyzing the monitoring retention degree, support can be provided for agricultural decision-making, such as adjusting the planting structure, optimizing resource allocation, and strengthening soil management, so as to improve agricultural production efficiency and sustainability. By monitoring the growth changes and coverage overlap of cultivated land, possible environmental problems such as soil erosion and water waste can be discovered and solved in a timely manner, promoting environmental protection and rational use of resources. The monitoring results can also provide a scientific basis for land planning, ecological protection, etc., and promote the harmonious development of agriculture and the environment.

[0085] In summary, the above steps have significant beneficial effects in improving data accuracy, effectively monitoring cultivated land growth changes and coverage overlap, providing decision support, and promoting environmental protection and resource management.

[0086] By reconstructing the business framework, monitoring standards and operating mechanisms. First, integrate the existing monitoring elements, business processes and system applications at all levels and types, and build a business framework of "unified standards, unified issuance, unified platform, supervision and rectification, classified application, and comprehensive evaluation". Second, establish a supporting indicator system covering changes in land flow, legality determination, and compatibility with national requirements for cultivated land monitoring results. Third, promote the establishment of a full-process operating mechanism including the integration and issuance of map spots, joint verification at the city (county) level, and problem handling supervision.

[0087] By building a spatiotemporal database that is connected horizontally and vertically. Based on the Chongqing Branch of the National Land Survey Cloud, a "1+N" spatiotemporal database was developed. Among them, "1" is the general database of business data, which collects monitoring maps and results data of multiple time series, different sources, and different task types through data aggregation and governance. "N" is an extensible and expandable functional library, mainly including shared evidence libraries, approval and filing libraries, etc. Through technical research, "vertical" data channels such as national satellite law enforcement, farmland protection films, and semi-annual monitoring are opened up to realize the real-time online distribution of remote sensing data and the instant online submission of results; "horizontally" connect the national land space "one map" platform and business systems such as farmland protection, use control, land supply, and supervision and law enforcement to realize the classified application of monitoring results.

[0088] Through innovative joint monitoring of "administrative management + technology-driven". Based on the existing monitoring at all levels and types focusing on new changes, the city-level comprehensive monitoring and supervision will combine administrative approval management data to innovatively carry out "return visit" active monitoring of occupied arable land, arable land that has changed in nature, and agricultural land projects that have been registered and stored, combined with infrared imaging and customized monitoring cycles, as an important supplementary means to strengthen daily inspections and supervision to prevent changes in use.

[0089] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A working system for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition module is used to collect original cultivated land image data through satellites, divide the monitored cultivated land into several monitoring grids, and calculate the infrared band mean value of all monitoring grids; The change rate calculation module is used to calculate the growth change rate based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflectance value, and is used to establish a later cultivated land monitoring model; The change rate calculation module includes: The growth change rate is calculated based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflection value; Among them, Y is the total number of years for obtaining data, y is the year number, P′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the near-infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, Q′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the short-wave infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, R′ is the real-time value of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the far-infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, and ε is the growth change rate; because the weight differences of different bands and different years need to be considered, after the absolute value of the real-time value and the difference of each band is calculated, the corresponding weight is adjusted to make the growth change rate more accurate, α is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the near-infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, β is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the short-wave infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid, and δ is the adjustment weight of the normalized reflectance characteristic of the far-infrared band of the cultivated land in the monitoring grid; The mean and value of different bands of cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid are is the band mean adjustment coefficient of the i-th monitoring grid in the y-th year; The cultivated land monitoring model is used to calculate the cultivated land growth change rate, and then calculate the cultivated land monitoring retention degree K including the growth score and the cultivated land coverage overlap index. If it exceeds the monitoring interval, an alarm operation will be performed; The farmland monitoring model comprises: The cultivated land monitoring and maintenance degree K is calculated; G j is the growth score, D k is the overlap index of cultivated land coverage; subscript j is the number of growth state related factors, J is the total number of growth state related factors, k is the number of overlapping influencing factors, K is the total number of overlapping influencing factors, Π is the direct product symbol, and the growth change rate ε and the growth score G are converted into j Combined, for all considered monitoring grids or monitoring areas, the growth change rate ε and the growth score G j Multiply and multiply these products together; emphasize the common influence of all grids or regions, when a low value of any grid or region will have a significant impact on the entire result; by calculating the cultivated land cover overlap index D k Sum and obtain the overlap between cultivated land and other land types in all monitoring grids or areas; The growth score is calculated as: Among them, S ij is the salinity of cultivated land in the jth growth state of the ith monitoring grid, s is the adjustment weight of cultivated land salinity, V ij is the cultivation density of cultivated land in the jth growth state of the ith monitoring grid, v is the adjustment weight of the cultivation density of cultivated land, and U ij is the jth growth state low humidity of the ith monitoring grid, and u is the humidity adjustment weight of the cultivated land; The calculation process of the overlap index of cultivated land is as follows: Among them, M k is the proportion of cultivated land coverage, μ is the cultivated land weight coefficient, M i is the area ratio of overlapping cultivated land obtained by the i-th monitoring grid according to the time period, and λ is the overlapping cultivated land weight coefficient.

2. The working system for monitoring cultivated land based on satellite image data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module comprises: Calculate the infrared band mean value for all monitoring grids; in, is the mean normalized reflectance characteristic value of the cultivated land near-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, is the normalized reflectance characteristic mean of the short-wave infrared band of cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid, is the normalized reflectance characteristic mean of the cultivated land in the far infrared band of the i monitoring grid, P i is the normalized reflectance characteristic value of the cultivated land in the near-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, Q i is the normalized reflectance characteristic value of the short-wave infrared band of the cultivated land in the i-th monitoring grid, R i is the normalized reflectance eigenvalue of the cultivated land in the far-infrared band of the i-th monitoring grid, and I is the total number of monitoring grids.

3. A working method based on the system of claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, collect original cultivated land image data through satellite, divide the monitored cultivated land into several monitoring grids, and calculate the infrared band mean of all monitoring grids; S2, calculates the growth change rate based on the mean value of the reflection characteristics of each band and the real-time cultivated land image reflection value, which is used to establish a later cultivated land monitoring model; S3, after calculating the cultivated land growth change rate, the cultivated land monitoring maintenance degree K including the growth score and the cultivated land coverage overlap index is calculated, and an alarm operation will be performed if it exceeds the monitoring interval.

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