A material with high light-heat conversion efficiency, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in nerve regulation

Abstract

This invention discloses a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, its preparation method, and its application in neural modulation, belonging to the field of biomedical technology. In this method, liquid metal is ultrasonically spun into nanoscale particles. Using these liquid metal nanoparticles as templates, hollow nanoshells composed of ultra-small metal nanoparticles can be prepared through an electrocoupling reaction with a metal salt. This method is simple, easy to operate, and applicable to various metals. The prepared material with high photothermal conversion efficiency has a hollow structure, a rough surface, and pores. This unique structure endows it with a strong photon trapping ability, significantly enhancing light absorption and exhibiting ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency. This invention allows for the injection of this material into the nerve, utilizing its excellent photothermal effect for rapid and precise neural modulation, thereby achieving effective prevention and treatment of autonomic nervous system-related diseases, and showing promising application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomedical technology, and in particular to a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, its preparation method, and its application in neural modulation. Background Technology

[0002] Cardiovascular disease has become a leading cause of death, with acute myocardial infarction being one of the most devastating. Myocardial ischemia frequently induces acute ventricular arrhythmias, preventing patients from receiving timely and effective treatment. Furthermore, traditional interventional procedures for myocardial infarction cannot avoid the accompanying myocardial reperfusion injury and related ventricular arrhythmias. The autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, plays a role in cardiovascular regulation, and the two are naturally antagonistic. Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system or activation of the parasympathetic nervous system has been shown to stabilize cardiac electrophysiology, prevent myocardial infarction, and reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. However, cardiac sympathetic denervation, stellate ganglion block, and renal denervation can cause adverse reactions, including Horner's syndrome, unexpected bleeding, and unsatisfactory ablation results. Traditional vagus nerve stimulation and optogenetic neuromodulation require implanted electrical stimulation or light source devices. Moreover, optogenetic neuromodulation requires viral transfection of light-sensitive proteins; these limitations restrict the clinical development of these treatment methods.

[0003] In recent years, several studies have shown that photoactivated nanotransducers can induce local heating effects, leading to either neural activation or inhibition. This finding is attributed to temperature-sensitive ion channels in neurons, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) protein and TWIK-associated K+. + Channel 1 (TWIK-related K) + Channel 1 (TREK1) protein. Activation of specific temperature-sensitive ion channels requires a precise temperature range. Neural responses are acute, thus necessitating a therapeutic strategy with rapid and accurate modulation. However, this remains limited by low photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0004] For example, Chinese invention patent CN114767852A discloses the application of a light-controlled release type hollow gold-silver nanoprobe in the preparation of integrated tumor diagnosis and treatment agents. It uses chloroauric acid as the gold source and silver nitrate as the silver source, and adds a reducing agent, Raman signal molecules and a stabilizer in sequence. It is prepared by seed growth method. This method is simple, mild, and environmentally friendly. The hollow gold-silver nanoparticles prepared by this method possess multimodal imaging capabilities, including surface enhancement Raman scattering (SERS), photoacoustic (PAT), and fluorescence (FL) imaging, enabling precise visualization of tumor surgical resection. These nanoparticles exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency under 808 nm near-infrared light irradiation, making them suitable as therapeutic agents for photothermal therapy (PTT). However, this method requires the use of a reducing agent to prepare silver nanoparticles from a silver source. Due to the redox chemical balance involved, raw material loss is inevitable. Furthermore, the process requires stabilizers and other additives, making the steps complex and increasing production costs. In addition, the hollow nanoparticles prepared by this method are of limited variety and have a narrow range of applications, further restricting their use as photothermal conversion materials.

[0005] In summary, this invention provides a simple, easy-to-operate, and widely applicable method for preparing materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency, which meets the needs of treatment strategies for rapid and accurate regulation of neural modulation and is of great significance for assessing neural function and activity and even for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, in a first aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency that is simple to process and has wide applicability is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Liquid metal is subjected to ultrasonic treatment in a solvent to reduce the particle size of liquid metal particles to the nanoscale, and a dispersion of liquid metal nanoparticles is collected.

[0008] (2) Add the metal salt solution to the liquid metal nanoparticle dispersion and react. Through the metal salt galvanic displacement reaction, hollow metal nanoshell (MNP-shell) is obtained, which is a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, in step (1), the type of liquid metal includes gallium, indium, tin, bismuth, zinc and their alloys;

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the ultrasound time is 0.5-6 h.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the size of the liquid metal nanoparticles in the liquid metal nanoparticle dispersion is 20-500 nm.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the collection method is to collect the upper liquid after centrifugation, with a centrifugal force of 10-3000 g and a time of 0.5-10 min.

[0013] Preferably, in steps (1) and (2), the amount of liquid metal used is 0.05-0.5 g; the content of the metal element in the metal salt solution is 0.05-0.5 mmol; and the concentration of the metal salt solution is 0.01-0.5 mol / L. -1 .

[0014] Existing technologies using silver (Ag) + The redox potential of Ag is 0.799, which limits the types of metals that can be synthesized using this method. In contrast, among the aforementioned liquid metals, taking gallium as an example, Ga... 3+ The redox potential of Ga is -0.529V. Metals with higher redox potentials can also be used in this invention, so this method has a wider range of metal applications.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the type of metal salt in the metal salt solution includes at least one of the soluble salts of platinum, palladium, gold, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, germanium, cerium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, mercury, thallium, lead, and bismuth.

[0016] More preferably, the metal salt is at least one selected from sodium hexachloroplatin(IV)ate (Na2PtCl6), sodium tetrachloropalladium(II)ate (Na2PdCl4), silver nitrate (AgNO3), copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2), copper sulfate (CuSO4), sodium tetrachloroaurate (NaAuCl4), cerium nitrate (Ce(NO3)2), molybdenum nitrate (Mo(NO3)2), nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2), cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2), and iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3).

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 1-4 hours.

[0018] In a second aspect of the present invention, a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency and strong light absorption capacity is provided, which is prepared by the method provided in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0019] Preferably, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the material is ≥70%.

[0020] In a third aspect of the invention, an application of the high photothermal conversion efficiency material of the second aspect of the invention in neural modulation is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0021] 1) Prepare an injection solution by mixing a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency with phosphate buffer saline (PBS); microinject the injection solution into the ganglion, and induce the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency to heat up by laser irradiation, thereby regulating the nerve.

[0022] 2) Electrical stimulation of laser-irradiated ganglia to assess nerve function and activity;

[0023] 3) Evaluate the effectiveness of disease prevention and treatment based on the results of nerve function and activity assessment.

[0024] This application has good applicability. Technicians can select the appropriate laser to process the metal in the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, and achieve the purpose of nerve modulation through photothermal conversion.

[0025] Preferably, in step 1), the concentration of the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency in the injection solution is 5-400 μg / mL. -1 .

[0026] Preferably, in step 1), the laser wavelength range of the laser irradiation is 700-1700 nm, and the power density is 0.4-1 W cm⁻¹. -2 The irradiation time is 1-10 minutes.

[0027] Preferably, in step 2), the frequency of electrical stimulation is 2-160 Hz, the pulse width is 0.01-0.2 ms, and the voltage is set to 5 levels, namely 0-2 V, 2-4 V, 4-6 V, 6-8 V, and 8-10 V.

[0028] The photothermal neuromodulation method using MNP-shell for disease prevention and treatment is safe and efficient, with promising development and application prospects. MNP-shell can be applied to the prevention and treatment of autonomic nervous system-related diseases, such as ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, epilepsy, pain, hemiplegia, depression, anti-inflammation, and blood sugar regulation.

[0029] Preferably, in step 3), the prevention and treatment of diseases include prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, epilepsy, pain, hemiplegia, depression, anti-inflammation, and blood sugar regulation.

[0030] Based on the above technical solution, the inventive concept of this invention lies in the fact that liquid metals are liquid at room temperature, as are liquid metal nanoparticles. Taking advantage of this characteristic, using liquid metal nanoparticles as templates, hollow metal nanoshells (MNP-shells) composed of ultra-small metal nanoparticles are prepared through a simple electrocoupling substitution reaction, without the need for a reducing agent. Their surface is not only rough but also porous. Taking gallium as an example, gallium hydroxyl oxide (GaOOH), a byproduct of the reaction, serves as the framework of the hollow nanoshell. This unique structure differs from existing materials such as hollow gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles, significantly reducing the escape ability of photons within the MNP-shell, enabling it to exhibit blackbody properties and produce near-perfect blackbody absorption. This indiscriminately enhances light absorption, ultimately achieving ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency in the near-infrared (NIR) region. This allows the MNP-shell to achieve an ultra-fast heating rate within nerve ganglion tissue, achieving rapid and precise nerve regulation. This allows for a thorough assessment of nerve function and activity, thereby effectively preventing and treating diseases such as ventricular arrhythmias.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0032] This invention provides a method for preparing a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency. Liquid metal is ultrasonically condensed into nanoscale particles. Using the liquid metal nanoparticles as templates, hollow nanoshells composed of ultra-small metal nanoparticles can be prepared through an electrocouple displacement reaction with a metal salt. This method is simple to operate and applicable to a variety of metals.

[0033] This invention provides a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency. The material has a hollow structure, a rough surface, and pores. This special structure endows it with a strong photon trapping ability, greatly enhances light absorption, and has the characteristic of ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0034] This invention provides an application of a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency in neural modulation. By utilizing the excellent photothermal effect of this material, rapid and precise neural modulation is achieved, thereby enabling effective prevention and treatment of autonomic nervous system-related diseases, and it has good application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 Transmission electron microscopy image of PtNP-shell;

[0036] Figure 2 Scanning transmission electron microscopy image of PtNP-shell;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a distribution diagram of elements in a PtNP-shell.

[0038] Figure 4 PtNP-shell (75 μg mL) -1 The absorption spectrum of )

[0039] Figure 5 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 Photothermal temperature rise curve;

[0040] Figure 6 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 Photothermal conversion efficiency diagram;

[0041] Figure 7 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 The study included the following: Neurological function after injection into the tuberous ganglion and subsequent laser irradiation; where a represents the maximum cardiac rate change in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group before 1064 nm laser irradiation and after electrical stimulation of the tuberous ganglion; b represents the maximum cardiac rate change in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group after 1064 nm laser irradiation and after electrical stimulation of the tuberous ganglion; c represents the quantification of nerve activity in the tuberous ganglion before and after 1064 nm laser irradiation in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group.

[0042] Figure 8 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 This study included statistics on ventricular arrhythmia events following injection into the nodular ganglion followed by laser irradiation. Specifically, a) represented the number of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) within 1 hour of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in both the control and PtNP-shell treatment groups; b) represented the number of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) within 1 hour of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in both the control and PtNP-shell treatment groups; and c) represented the number of sustained ventricular tachycardias (sVTs) within 1 hour of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in both the control and PtNP-shell treatment groups.

[0043] Figure 9 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1The study compared the neural function of the left stellate ganglion after injection into the ganglion and subsequent laser irradiation. Specifically, a) represents the change in maximum systolic blood pressure in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group before 1064 nm laser irradiation, following electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion; b) represents the change in maximum systolic blood pressure in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group after 1064 nm laser irradiation, following electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion; and c) represents the quantification of neural activity in the left stellate ganglion before and after 1064 nm laser irradiation in both the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group.

[0044] Figure 10 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 Statistics on ventricular arrhythmia events after injection into the left stellate ganglion and laser irradiation; where a represents the number of premature ventricular contractions within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia in the control group and the PtNP-shell treatment group; b represents the number of ventricular tachycardias within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia in the control group and the PtNP-shell treatment group; and c represents the number of sustained ventricular tachycardias within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia in the control group and the PtNP-shell treatment group. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention is further illustrated below by way of embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein. Experimental methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions were performed according to conventional methods and conditions, or as selected according to the product instructions.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] The preparation method of materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency includes the following steps:

[0048] (1) Take 0.3 g of gallium and sonicate it in deionized water for 2 h to reduce the particle size of gallium particles to the nanoscale; centrifuge for 5 min under a centrifugal force of 102 g, collect the upper liquid, and obtain gallium nanoparticle dispersion.

[0049] (2) Add 3 mL of Na2PtCl6 aqueous solution (0.1 mol L) -1 Add the resulting gallium nanoparticle dispersion and stir for 4 h. A hollow metal nanoshell is formed through a galvanic displacement reaction, resulting in a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, denoted as PtNP-shell.

[0050] Using PtNP-shell as the representative material of this invention, the microstructure of PtNP-shell was observed using transmission electron microscopy, and the image is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the upper right corner displays its 3D rendering. Figure 1It can be seen that PtNP-shell consists of hollow nanospheres with a particle size of about 200 nm, and the material with the target structure was prepared.

[0051] The PtNP-shell was observed using scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown. By Figure 2 It can be seen that PtNP-shell is composed of ultra-small platinum nanoparticles of 2-5 nm, with a rough surface and pores.

[0052] The PtNP-shell was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its elemental distribution is shown in the figure below. Figure 3 As shown. By Figure 3 It can be seen that the PtNP-shell contains Pt, Ga, and O elements.

[0053] PtNP-shell (75 μg mL) was analyzed by absorption spectroscopy. -1 Characterization was performed using PBS solution as the solvent, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. By Figure 4 It can be seen that in the range of 250 nm to 1300 nm, the absorption of PtNP-shell is close to 1, exhibiting a blackbody-like effect.

[0054] PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 The photothermal heating curve of the solution (using PBS as solvent) was measured, and the results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 This indicates that PtNP-shell has a high heating rate and excellent photothermal heating effect, and has good application potential in rapid and precise neural modulation.

[0055] For PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 The photothermal conversion efficiency of the solution (using PBS as solvent) was tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown. Figure 6 This indicates that its photothermal conversion efficiency is as high as 73.7%.

[0056] The test results above show that PtNP-shell is a hollow nanoshell structure composed of ultra-small metal nanoparticles. This structure can significantly reduce the escape ability of photons in the material, endow the material with a super photon capture ability, thereby greatly enhancing light absorption and producing near-perfect blackbody absorption, giving it ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The preparation method of materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency includes the following steps:

[0059] (1) Take 0.3 g of gallium and sonicate it in deionized water for 2 h to reduce the particle size of gallium particles to the nanoscale; centrifuge for 5 min under a centrifugal force of 102 g, collect the upper liquid, and obtain gallium nanoparticle dispersion.

[0060] (2) Add 3 mL of Na2PdCl4 aqueous solution (0.1 mol L) -1 Add the resulting gallium nanoparticle dispersion and stir for 4 h. A hollow metal nanoshell is formed through a galvanic displacement reaction, resulting in a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, denoted as PdNP-shell.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] The application of materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency in neural modulation follows these steps:

[0063] 1) Using PtNP-shell in PBS solution (50 μg / mL) -1 The injection solution was micro-injected into the nodular ganglion and left stellate ganglion and treated with a 1064 nm laser (0.8 W cm⁻¹). -2 The samples were irradiated and heated to 41 °C and 45 °C respectively, and the power density was immediately reduced to 0.45 W / cm². -2 0.6 W cm -2 Irradiate for 5 minutes;

[0064] 2) High-frequency electrical stimulation (frequency: 20 Hz; pulse width: 0.1 ms; voltage level: 0-2 V, 2-4 V, 4-6 V, 6-8 V, 8-10 V) was applied to the nodular ganglion and left stellate ganglion after the above treatment, while monitoring heart rate and systolic blood pressure to assess nerve function and activity.

[0065] 3) Combine the assessment of nerve function and activity with electrocardiogram to assess ventricular arrhythmia events.

[0066] In the application, the physiological parameters and effects of each of the above steps are measured simultaneously.

[0067] Figure 7 To prepare PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1The study examined nerve function after injection into the nodular ganglion followed by 5 minutes of 1064 nm light irradiation. Figure a shows the maximum cardiac rate changes in the control group (injected with an equal volume of PBS) and the PtNP-shell injection group after electrical stimulation of the nodular ganglion before 1064 nm laser irradiation. The figure shows almost no change in nodular ganglion function before photothermal modulation. Figure b shows the maximum cardiac rate changes in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group after electrical stimulation of the nodular ganglion following 1064 nm laser irradiation. The figure shows a significant increase in nodular ganglion function and activity after photothermal modulation. Figure c quantifies the nodular ganglion nerve activity in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group before and after 1064 nm laser irradiation. The figure shows that within 3 hours after the laser was turned off, the nodular ganglion function and activity recovered to near baseline levels, indicating that PtNP-shell photothermal modulation of nerves within the nodular ganglion is reversible.

[0068] Figure 8 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 The study statistically analyzed ventricular arrhythmia events following injection into the nodal ganglion and irradiation with 1064 nm light for 5 min. Figure a shows the number of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the control group (injected with the same volume of PBS and irradiated) and the PtNP-shell treatment group; figure b shows the number of ventricular tachycardias within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the control group and the PtNP-shell treatment group; and figure c shows the number of sustained ventricular tachycardias within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the control group and the PtNP-shell treatment group. The figures show that the incidence of arrhythmia events significantly decreased after treatment, indicating that photothermal neuromodulation of the nodal ganglion by PtNP-shell can prevent and treat ventricular arrhythmias.

[0069] Figure 9 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1The nerve function of the left stellate ganglion was assessed after 5 minutes of 1064 nm light irradiation following injection into the ganglion. Figure a shows the maximum cardiac rate changes in the control group (injected with an equal volume of PBS) and the PtNP-shell injection group after electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion before 1064 nm laser irradiation. The figure shows almost no change in the function of the left stellate ganglion before photothermal modulation. Figure b shows the maximum cardiac rate changes in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group after electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion following 1064 nm laser irradiation. The figure shows a significant decrease in the function and activity of the left stellate ganglion after photothermal modulation. Figure c quantifies the nerve activity of the left stellate ganglion in the control group and the PtNP-shell injection group before and after 1064 nm laser irradiation. The figure shows that after treatment, the function and activity of the left stellate ganglion in the PtNP-shell group were significantly lower than those in the control group. After 3 hours, the activity returned to near baseline, indicating that the photothermal modulation of the nerves by PtNP-shell within the left stellate ganglion is reversible.

[0070] Figure 10 PtNP-shell (50 μg mL) -1 The study statistically analyzed ventricular arrhythmia events following injection into the left stellate ganglion and irradiation with 1064 nm light for 5 min. Figure a shows the number of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia in the control group (injected with the same volume of PBS and irradiated) and the PtNP-shell treatment group; figure b shows the number of ventricular tachycardias within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia in the control group and the PtNP-shell treatment group; and figure c shows the number of sustained ventricular tachycardias within 1 hour after myocardial ischemia in the control group and the PtNP-shell treatment group. The figures show that the incidence of arrhythmia events significantly decreased after treatment, indicating that photothermal neuromodulation of the left stellate ganglion by PtNP-shell can also prevent and treat ventricular arrhythmias.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] The application of materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency in neural modulation follows these steps:

[0073] 1) Using PdNP-shell in PBS solution (100 μg mL) -1 The injection solution was micro-injected into the nodular ganglion and left stellate ganglion and treated with a 1064 nm laser (1 W cm⁻¹). -2 The samples were irradiated and heated to 41 °C and 45 °C respectively, and the power density was immediately reduced to 0.6 W / cm². -2 0.75 W cm -2 Irradiate for 5 minutes;

[0074] 2) High-frequency electrical stimulation (frequency: 20 Hz; pulse width: 0.1 ms; voltage level: 0-2 V, 2-4 V, 4-6 V, 6-8 V, 8-10 V) was applied to the nodular ganglion and left stellate ganglion after the above treatment, while monitoring heart rate and systolic blood pressure to assess nerve function and activity.

[0075] 3) Combine the assessment of nerve function and activity with electrocardiogram to assess ventricular arrhythmia events.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] The preparation method of materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency includes the following steps:

[0078] (1) Take 0.3 g of gallium and sonicate it in deionized water for 2 h to reduce the particle size of gallium particles to the nanoscale; centrifuge for 5 min under a centrifugal force of 102 g, collect the upper liquid, and obtain gallium nanoparticle dispersion.

[0079] (2) Add 3 mL of Na2PtCl6 (0.018 mol L) -1 Na₂PdCl₄ (0.02 mol L) -1 ), NaAuCl4 (0.017 mol L) -1 AgNO3 (0.02 mol L) -1 Cu(NO3)2 (0.024 mol L) -1 An aqueous solution of Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu was added to the obtained gallium nanoparticle dispersion and stirred for 4 h. Hollow metal nanoshells were formed through galvanic displacement reaction, resulting in a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, denoted as MNP-shell (M: Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu).

[0080] Example 6

[0081] The preparation method of materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency includes the following steps:

[0082] (1) Take 0.3 g of gallium and sonicate it in deionized water for 2 h to reduce the particle size of gallium particles to the nanoscale; centrifuge for 5 min under a centrifugal force of 102 g, collect the upper liquid, and obtain gallium nanoparticle dispersion.

[0083] (2) Add 3 mL of Na2PtCl6 (0.02 mol L) -1 Na₂PdCl₄ (0.02 mol L) -1 ), Fe(NO3)3 (0.02 mol L) -1 ), Co(NO3)2 (0.02 mol L) -1 Ni(NO3)2 (0.02 mol L)-1 An aqueous solution of Pt, Pd, Fe, Co, Ni was added to the obtained gallium nanoparticle dispersion and stirred for 4 h. Hollow metal nanoshells were formed through galvanic displacement reaction, resulting in a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, denoted as MNP-shell (M: Pt, Pd, Fe, Co, Ni).

[0084] Example 7

[0085] The preparation method of materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency includes the following steps:

[0086] (1) Take 0.3 g of gallium and sonicate it in deionized water for 2 h to reduce the particle size of gallium particles to the nanoscale; centrifuge for 5 min under a centrifugal force of 102 g, collect the upper liquid, and obtain gallium nanoparticle dispersion.

[0087] (2) Add 3 mL of Fe(NO3)3 (0.02 mol L) -1 ), Co(NO3)2 (0.02 mol L) -1 Ni(NO3)2 (0.02 mol L) -1 ), Mo(NO3)2 (0.02 mol L -1 Ce(NO3)2 (0.02 mol L) -1 An aqueous solution of Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Ce was added to the obtained gallium nanoparticle dispersion and stirred for 4 h. Hollow metal nanoshells were formed through galvanic displacement reaction, resulting in a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, denoted as MNP-shell (M: Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Ce).

[0088] Example 8

[0089] The preparation method of materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency includes the following steps:

[0090] (1) Take 0.3 g of gallium indium alloy and sonicate it in deionized water for 2 h to reduce the particle size of gallium indium particles to the nanoscale; centrifuge for 5 min under a centrifugal force of 102 g, collect the upper liquid, and obtain a gallium indium nanoparticle dispersion.

[0091] (2) Add 3 mL of NaAuCl4 aqueous solution (0.1 mol L) -1 Add the mixture to the obtained gallium indium nanoparticle dispersion and stir for 4 h. A hollow metal nanoshell is formed through a galvanic displacement reaction, resulting in a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, denoted as AuNP-shell.

[0092] In summary, this invention uses liquid metal nanoparticles as a template to prepare hollow metal nanoshells composed of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles through a simple electrocoupling substitution reaction. This structure significantly reduces the escape ability of photons, exhibiting blackbody properties and producing near-perfect blackbody absorption, indiscriminately enhancing light absorption, and ultimately achieving ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency in the near-infrared region. This enables the hollow metal nanoshells to achieve an ultra-fast heating rate within nerve ganglion tissue, achieving rapid and precise nerve modulation. This allows for a thorough assessment of nerve function and activity, and thus effectively prevents and treats autonomic nervous system-related diseases, demonstrating promising application prospects.

[0093] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The liquid metal is ultrasonically treated in a solvent to reduce the particle size of the liquid metal particles to the nanoscale. The liquid metal is gallium. A dispersion of liquid metal nanoparticles is collected. (2) Add a metal salt solution to a liquid metal nanoparticle dispersion and react. The metal salt in the metal salt solution is sodium hexachloroplatin(IV) acid. Hollow metal nanoshells are obtained through metal salt galvanocoupler displacement reaction, which is a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency.

2. The method for preparing the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the ultrasonic time is 0.5-6 h; the size of gallium nanoparticles in the liquid metal nanoparticle dispersion is 20-500 nm; the collection method is to take the upper liquid after centrifugation, the centrifugal force is 10-3000 g, and the time is 0.5-10 min.

3. The method for preparing the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 1-4 hours; in steps (1) and (2), the amount of liquid metal used is 0.05-0.5 g; the metal element content in the metal salt solution is 0.05-0.5 mmol, and the concentration of the metal salt solution is 0.01-0.5 mol·L⁻¹. -1 .

4. A material with high photothermal conversion efficiency, characterized in that: The material prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1-3 has a photothermal conversion efficiency of ≥70%.

5. The use of the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency as described in claim 4 in the preparation of a medicament for treating ventricular arrhythmias, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Prepare an injection solution by mixing a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency with a phosphate buffer solution; microinject the injection solution into the ganglion, and induce the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency to heat up by laser irradiation, thereby regulating the nerve. 2) Electrical stimulation of laser-irradiated ganglia to assess nerve function and activity; 3) Evaluate the effectiveness of disease prevention and treatment based on the results of nerve function and activity assessment.

6. The application of the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency according to claim 5 in the preparation of a drug for treating ventricular arrhythmias, characterized in that: In step 1), the concentration of the high photothermal conversion efficiency material in the injection solution is 5-400 μg·mL. -1 The wavelength range of laser irradiation is 700-1700 nm, and the power density is 0.4-1 W·cm⁻¹. -2 The irradiation time is 1-10 minutes.

7. The application of the material with high photothermal conversion efficiency according to claim 5 in the preparation of a drug for treating ventricular arrhythmias, characterized in that: In step 2), the frequency of electrical stimulation is 2-160 Hz, the pulse width is 0.01-0.2 ms, and the voltage is set to 5 levels: 0-2 V, 2-4 V, 4-6 V, 6-8 V, and 8-10 V.

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