Composite component vibration-microwave hybrid consolidation molding system and molding method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of composite member vibration-microwave composite solidification forming system and forming method, forming system includes air compressor, air tank, freeze dryer, cooling water machine, vibration-microwave composite forming equipment and liquid nitrogen tank, composite forming device includes equipment main body, vibration device, microwave device, microwave stirring device and electric heating fan, vibration device includes vibration table and air hammer cluster, microwave device includes magnetron and crack antenna, microwave stirring device includes mode stirrer and driving device.The application utilizes the characteristics of microwave heating, realizes the fast and uniform heating of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, solves the problem of uneven distribution of temperature field in time and space in traditional autoclave curing process;The forming quality of the member is greatly reduced by using vibration energy field, and the dependence of curing pressure is reduced;The application innovatively proposes a tank curing system and process, which can greatly reduce energy consumption while ensuring the forming quality of the member.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of composite material curing forming technology, and particularly relates to a composite material component vibration-microwave combined curing forming system and a forming method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials are widely used in the field of aerospace due to high specific strength, high specific stiffness and designable mechanical properties. At present, the heat press tank curing process is the main forming method for high-performance aerospace composite material components. However, the traditional heat press tank curing process is restricted by the hot air circulation mode, mold tooling system and other forming manufacturing environments, and it is difficult to avoid the uneven distribution of the temperature field in space and time of the component. In addition, the large thermal inertia of the mold leads to low heating and cooling rates and high energy consumption. At the same time, due to the complexity of the structure, the uniformity and accessibility of the internal curing pressure of the ladder-shaped and rectangular stiffened structures are difficult to transfer due to the restriction of the pressure transmission mode in the closed space. It is difficult to control the uniformity of the pressure distribution of the component during the forming process. The uneven distribution of the internal thermal energy field in space and time during the forming and manufacturing process of the component leads to uneven resin flow and different curing effects, which easily produces defects such as delamination, porosity and fiber macroscopic slip, and reduces the mechanical properties.

[0003] In view of the above problems, a large number of related researches on out-of-tank curing process have been carried out by researchers in the industry. For example, the patent application No. CN201610555946.3 discloses a method for preparing composite materials by laser curing during the laying forming process, which uses laser curing instead of oven and other heating equipment to cure the composite material of the laying pre-impregnated layer. For example, the patent application No. CN202310926568.5 discloses a production process for ultraviolet curing of a fiber-wound pressure vessel, which uses ultraviolet light irradiation to cure the fiber-wound pressure vessel during the "pre-curing" and "curing" processes. For example, the patent No. ZL201711271236.9 discloses a LOM forming method for thermosetting resin matrix composite materials by electron beam curing, which completes the forming of the composite material part by using low-energy electron beam irradiation layer by layer. Although the above-mentioned out-of-tank curing forming methods improve the curing efficiency, there are still a large number of porosity or delamination defects in the internal part of the formed product due to the low pressure during the forming process. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a composite material component vibration-microwave composite curing forming system, on the one hand, to solve the problems of uneven temperature field space-time distribution, low heating efficiency and high energy consumption caused by traditional hot air circulation heating mode of hot pressing tank, to realize rapid and uniform heating of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite "in volume" by using the selective heating characteristics of microwave, to greatly reduce energy consumption, and to effectively avoid the shape and property coordination manufacturing problems caused by uneven temperature distribution and asynchronous curing of the component forming. On the other hand, to solve the problems of porosity and delamination defects caused by uneven curing pressure field space-time distribution of composite material stiffened component closed cavity pressure transmission, to reduce the dependence of composite material forming quality on curing pressure by using vibration energy field, and to realize high-quality out-of-tank curing.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a composite material component vibration-microwave composite curing forming system, which comprises an air compressor, an air tank, a freeze dryer, a cooling water machine, a vibration-microwave composite forming device and a liquid nitrogen cooling system. The air compressor is connected with the air hammer inlet of the vibration-microwave composite forming device through the air tank and the freeze dryer in sequence. The vibration-microwave composite forming device comprises a device main body, a vibration device, a microwave device, a microwave stirring device and an electric heating fan. The vibration device comprises a vibration table plate arranged in the device main body and an air hammer cluster located at the bottom of the vibration table plate. The vibration table plate divides the inner cavity of the device main body into a microwave resonance cavity and an air hammer structure chamber arranged in upper and lower positions. The air hammer cluster comprises a plurality of small air hammers for generating high-frequency vibration excitation and a plurality of large air hammers for generating low-frequency vibration excitation. The microwave device comprises a plurality of magnetrons arranged outside the microwave resonance cavity. Each magnetron is connected with a crack antenna. The other end of the crack antenna penetrates into the inside of the microwave resonance cavity. The microwave stirring device comprises a plurality of mode stirrers arranged in the microwave resonance cavity. One end of each mode stirrer extends out of the microwave resonance cavity and is connected with a driving device arranged outside the microwave resonance cavity. The electric heating fan is arranged in the microwave resonance cavity. The cooling water machine is used for cooling the magnetrons. The liquid nitrogen cooling system comprises a liquid nitrogen tank connected with the microwave resonance cavity through a pipeline and a solenoid valve.

[0006] Further, the driving device comprises a speed reducer, a chain and a plurality of chain wheels, the plurality of chain wheels are arranged on the outer wall of the microwave resonant cavity, the chain is arranged between the plurality of chain wheels, the output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the chain to drive the chain wheel to drive the mode stirrer to rotate; a plurality of stirrer suspension devices are arranged in the microwave resonant cavity, the stirrer suspension device comprises a suspension seat fixedly connected with the microwave resonant cavity and a bearing located at the bottom of the suspension seat; one end of the plurality of mode stirrers is connected with the plurality of chain wheels one by one in a one-to-one correspondence, and the other end of the plurality of mode stirrers is connected with the plurality of bearings one by one in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0007] Further, the vibration table plate comprises a carbon fiber composite material layer plate and an aluminum alloy plate located at the bottom of the carbon fiber composite material layer plate, and the carbon fiber composite material layer plate and the aluminum alloy plate are adhered by high-temperature glue in the middle; a stainless steel plate is further arranged on the carbon fiber composite material layer plate, and four sides of the stainless steel plate are provided with vertical panels wrapped on four sides of the carbon fiber composite material layer plate.

[0008] Further, the power of the crack antenna is between 100W and 3000W, and the power of each crack antenna is individually and continuously adjustable; the electric heating fan is arranged at the top of the microwave resonant cavity to provide a hot environment in the microwave resonant cavity.

[0009] Further, the small air hammer and the large air hammer both adopt a stepped piston air hammer, the stepped piston air hammer comprises a cylinder, a pad, a piston and a rear end cylinder cover, the front end of the cylinder has an inclined surface, the cavity of the cylinder forms a compressed air cavity, the pad and the piston are arranged in the compressed air cavity, the pad is fixedly connected with the front end of the compressed air cavity, and the rear end cylinder cover is arranged at the rear end of the cylinder; when compressed air with a certain pressure enters the compressed air cavity, the piston will collide with the pad to generate an excitation signal by overcoming the gravity and the front end air pressure resistance.

[0010] Further, the vibration frequency range of the vibration table plate is 10-5000Hz, and the vibration acceleration range of the vibration table plate is 0-75g.

[0011] Further, a gap is arranged between the vibration table plate and the inner side wall surface of the equipment main body, a microwave protection structure is arranged in the gap, the microwave protection structure comprises stainless steel window screens located on both sides and high-temperature-resistant cloth located in the middle, the thickness of the microwave protection structure is 2-3mm, and the highest working temperature of the microwave protection structure is 300℃; the mesh number of the stainless steel window screen is 20-40 meshes, and the thickness is 0.5mm-1mm.

[0012] The application further provides a vibration-microwave combined curing forming method of a composite material component, which adopts a vacuum sealing system and the curing forming system to form the composite material component, the vacuum sealing system comprises a forming die, a vacuum bag, a breathable felt, a composite material preform, a high-temperature sealing glue and a vacuum nozzle; and the forming method comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1, first, the composite material preform is placed on the forming die, and a sealing glue blocking part is arranged around the composite material preform; then, the breathable felt is laid on the composite material preform, and the vacuum bag is sealed with the forming die, the composite material preform, the breathable felt and the vacuum nozzle by the high-temperature sealing glue to form an integrated whole; finally, the integrated vacuum sealing system after sealing is fixed on the vibration table plate by a fixing part;

[0014] S2, the vacuum nozzle is connected with a vacuum pump, and then the air compressor, the air tank, the freeze dryer, the cooling water machine, the vibration-microwave combined forming equipment and the liquid nitrogen tank are opened in sequence, the pressure of the air compressor is set to 0.8-1 MPa, the valve of the liquid nitrogen tank is opened, and the temperature of the freeze dryer and the cooling water machine is set to 10-15℃;

[0015] S3, the vibration-microwave combined forming equipment is used to cure and form the composite material preform, and the curing forming process is divided into two stages: in the first stage, the vibration acceleration of the vibration device is controlled to be 5-20 g, and the microwave device is used to heat the composite material preform from room temperature to 85-95℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-2.5℃ / min, and the temperature is kept for 30-40 min; in the second stage, the vibration device is controlled to stop vibrating, the microwave device is used to continue heating the composite material preform after the first stage treatment to 120-150℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-2.5℃ / min, and the temperature is kept for 100-150 min, and the microwave device is turned off;

[0016] S4, the liquid nitrogen cooling system is opened to cool the composite material preform at a cooling rate; when the temperature is reduced to 50-60℃, the product after curing is taken out, and the formed composite material component is obtained.

[0017] Further, the forming die is covered with an aluminum foil around, and the upper and lower surfaces of the composite material preform are provided with isolation films.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1), the application utilizes the characteristics of microwave "selectivity" and "volume" heating, and can realize rapid and uniform heating of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials, and solves the problem of uneven time and space distribution of temperature field of the component due to the limitation of heating air circulation mode in the traditional autoclave curing process.

[0020] (2), the new process of the application can greatly reduce energy consumption. In the traditional autoclave curing process, the air in the tank is first heated by the heating element, and then the composite material and the mold are heated by heat conduction and convection, in order to avoid the generation of large temperature gradient of the composite material part, the temperature rising and falling rate is low, which leads to high energy consumption. The vibration-microwave composite curing forming equipment and forming new process of the application utilize the rapid characteristics of microwave heating, which can significantly reduce energy consumption and save energy.

[0021] (3), the vibration-microwave composite curing forming system and forming method of the application can overcome the limitation of the closed cavity pressure transmission mode of the composite material stiffened component in the traditional autoclave curing process by applying vibration energy field. In the traditional method, due to the uneven time and space distribution of pressure field, the internal porosity and delamination defects of the formed component are increased, and the application combines the vibration-microwave composite forming process to analyze the action mechanism of bubbles in the vibration energy field in the composite material curing forming process, and realizes high-quality out-of-tank curing.

[0022] In addition to the purposes, features and advantages described above, the application has other purposes, features and advantages. The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the embodiments of the application, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the embodiments of the application together with the following specific embodiments, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the application. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of a composite material component vibration-microwave composite curing forming system in the application;

[0025] Figure 2 is a front view of the vibration-microwave composite forming equipment in the application;

[0026] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a left view of the vibration-microwave composite forming equipment in the application;

[0027] Figure 4 is Figure 2 a right view of the vibration-microwave composite forming equipment in the application;

[0028] Figure 5 is a top view structural schematic view of the vibration table plate in the application;

[0029] Figure 6 is the structural diagram of the air hammer distribution in the application;

[0030] Figure 7 is the structural diagram of the air hammer in the application;

[0031] Figure 8 is the structural diagram of the stainless steel plate in the application;

[0032] Figure 9 is the structural diagram of the microwave resonant cavity in the application;

[0033] Figure 10 is the structural diagram of the inside of the microwave resonant cavity in the application; Figure 9

[0034] Figure 11 is the structural diagram of the crack antenna in the application;

[0035] Figure 12 is the structural diagram of the mode stirrer in the application;

[0036] Figure 13 is the structural diagram of the vacuum sealing system in the application;

[0037] Figure 14 is the structural diagram of the aluminum alloy pressing plate in the application;

[0038] Figure 15 is the microscopic morphology of the cross section of the composite material member formed by the method of the application;

[0039] Wherein: 1-air compressor; 2-gas storage tank; 3-freeze dryer; 4-cooling water machine; 5-vibration-microwave composite forming equipment; 5.1-microwave resonant cavity; 5.2-air hammer structure chamber; 5.3-liquid nitrogen input port; 5.4-equipment observation window; 5.5-vacuum tube inlet; 5.6-touch screen; 6-liquid nitrogen tank; 7-vibration table; 7a-carbon fiber composite laminate; 7b-aluminum alloy plate; 7c-stainless steel plate; 7d-facade plate; 8-small air hammer; 9-large air hammer; 10-magnetron; 11-crack antenna; 11.1-waveguide hole; 12-mode stirrer; 12.1-blade; 13-reduction motor; 14-chain; 15-sprocket; 16-suspension seat; 17-bearing; 18-forming mold; 19-vacuum bag; 20-air-permeable felt; 21-composite material preform; 22-high-temperature sealant; 23-vacuum nozzle; a-cylinder; b-pad; c-piston; d-rear cylinder cover; e-compressed air cavity; 24-fixing piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] ​The application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be noted that these embodiments are not a limitation on the application, and equivalent transformations or substitutions of function, method, or structure made by those of ordinary skill in the art based on these embodiments are within the scope of the application.

[0041] Referring to Figure 1 The embodiment provides a composite material component vibration-microwave composite curing forming system, which comprises an air compressor 1, an air storage tank 2, a freeze dryer 3, a cooling water machine 4, a vibration-microwave composite forming device 5 and a liquid nitrogen cooling system, and the specific structure is as follows:

[0042] The air compressor 1 is connected with the air hammer air inlet in the vibration-microwave composite forming device 5 through the air storage tank 2 and the freeze dryer 3 in sequence. The air compressor is used for generating air with a certain pressure through compression of atmospheric air; the air storage tank is used for receiving and storing the air delivered by the air compressor, so as to provide continuous air to enable the air hammer driving source of the vibration device to generate relatively stable excitation; the freeze dryer is used for drying and filtering water vapor, impurities and other pollutants in the air delivered by the air storage tank, and reducing the temperature of the air (for reducing the temperature of the air hammer during work). The cooling water machine 4 is connected with the water inlet and the water outlet of the magnetron 10, and circulating cooling water is used for cooling the magnetron to prevent the temperature of the magnetron from being too high during work. The vibration-microwave composite forming device 5 is used for realizing research and exploration of a high-efficiency, low-cost and high-performance forming process of a wave-absorbing material such as a composite material under the action of a single energy field or multiple energy fields of mechanical vibration, microwave and heat. The liquid nitrogen cooling system comprises a liquid nitrogen tank 6, and the liquid nitrogen tank 6 is used for storing liquid nitrogen with a certain pressure, and is used as a temperature control and cooling medium in the cavity of the vibration-microwave composite forming device 5.

[0043] As Figures 2 to 5As shown, the vibration-microwave combined forming device 5 includes a device body, a vibration device, a microwave device, a microwave stirring device, and an electric heating fan. The vibration device includes a vibration platform 7 arranged in the device body and a cluster of air hammers located at the bottom of the vibration platform 7. Specifically, the vibration platform 7 is horizontally arranged in the device body, separating the inner cavity of the device body into a microwave resonance cavity 5.1 and an air hammer structure chamber 5.2 arranged in an upper and lower manner. A liquid nitrogen inlet 5.3, a device observation window 5.4, and a vacuum tube inlet 5.5 are arranged on the side wall of the microwave resonance cavity 5.1. The liquid nitrogen inlet 5.3 is used for connecting a liquid nitrogen tank to the microwave resonance cavity 5.1 through a pipeline and a solenoid valve. The device observation window 5.4 is used for observing the internal conditions of the microwave resonance cavity. The vibration-microwave combined forming device 5 further includes a touch screen 5.6 arranged on the device body. A microwave protection structure is arranged in the gap between the vibration platform 7 and the inner side wall of the device body. The microwave protection structure includes stainless steel window screens on both sides and high-temperature-resistant cloth in the middle. The thickness of the microwave protection structure is 2-3 mm, and the maximum working temperature of the microwave protection structure is 300℃. The mesh number of the stainless steel window screen is 20-40, and the thickness is 0.5-1 mm. The stainless steel window screen is used to prevent microwave leakage, and the thermal insulation cotton is used to prevent the dissipation of heat inside the cavity. The vibration platform 7 includes a carbon fiber composite material layer plate 7a and an aluminum alloy plate 7b located at the bottom of the carbon fiber composite material layer plate 7a. The carbon fiber composite material layer plate 7a and the aluminum alloy plate 7b are adhered by high-temperature glue. Further, in order to prevent the carbon fiber composite material layer plate 7a from disturbing the electromagnetic field inside the microwave resonance cavity 5.1, a layer of stainless steel plate 7c with a thickness of 0.5 mm is arranged above the vibration platform 7. As shown, Figure 8 As shown, the four sides of the stainless steel plate 7c are provided with vertical panels 7d wrapped around the four sides of the carbon fiber composite material layer plate 7a. The stainless steel plate 7c is fixed on the carbon fiber composite material layer plate 7a by screw connection, and the periphery is fixed by M6 screws. The aluminum alloy plate 7b is a LY12 aluminum metal plate with a three-layer hollow structure, which includes a top panel, a bottom panel, and vertical panels on the four sides between the top panel and the bottom panel. In this structure, the vibration platform utilizes the characteristics of high specific strength and high specific stiffness of carbon fiber composite materials to reduce the weight of the platform. At the same time, each air hammer in the air hammer cluster is fixed to the vibration platform by screws, so the lower part of the vibration platform is made of aluminum alloy steel plate, and the carbon fiber composite material layer plate and the aluminum alloy plate are adhered by high-temperature glue with high toughness, which prevents the problem of dispersion of vibration characteristics caused by mismatching of material thermal expansion coefficients at high temperature inside the microwave resonance cavity.

[0044] As shown, Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the air hammer cluster is arranged in the air hammer structure chamber 5.2, including a plurality of small air hammers 8 for generating high-frequency vibration excitation and a plurality of large air hammers 9 for generating low-frequency vibration excitation, the small air hammers 8 and the large air hammers 9 are all step piston air hammers, which include a cylinder a, a pad b, a piston c and a rear end cylinder cover d, the front end of the cylinder a has a 45° inclined surface, the cavity of the cylinder forms a compressed air cavity e, the pad b and the piston c are arranged in the compressed air cavity e, the pad b is fixedly connected with the front end of the compressed air cavity e, and the rear end cylinder cover d is arranged at the rear end of the cylinder; the plurality of small air hammers 8 and the plurality of large air hammers 9 are all connected with the vibration table plate 7 at a space angle of 45°. When the air hammer is not used, the piston is at the bottom of the cylinder due to its own gravity. When compressed air at a certain pressure enters the compressed air cavity e, the piston c will collide with the pad b to generate an excitation signal by overcoming the gravity and the front end air pressure resistance. After completing the return trip, the piston will repeat the above movement cyclically due to the action of the air pressure, repeatedly collides with the pad, and provides a continuous and stable original excitation signal for the platform; wherein the pad is a non-metallic pad. The vibration device can realize a random vibration frequency range of 10-5000Hz, and a vibration acceleration of 0-75g.

[0045] As Figures 9 to 12As shown, the microwave device includes a plurality of magnetrons 10 arranged outside the microwave resonant cavity 5.1, each magnetron 10 is connected with a slit antenna 11, one end of the slit antenna 11 is connected with the magnetron 10, and the other end of the slit antenna 11 extends into the microwave resonant cavity 5.1; a plurality of waveguide holes 11.1 are arranged on the slit antenna 11, and the plurality of waveguide holes are arranged along the extension direction of the slit antenna. The microwave stirring device includes a plurality of mode stirrers 12 arranged in the microwave resonant cavity 5.1, one end of each mode stirrer 12 extends out of the microwave resonant cavity 5.1 and is connected with a driving device arranged outside the microwave resonant cavity 5.1; an electric heating fan is arranged in the microwave resonant cavity 5.1. Specifically, the driving device includes a reduction motor 13, a chain 14 and a plurality of sprockets 15, the plurality of sprockets 15 are arranged on the outer side wall of the microwave resonant cavity 5.1, the chain 14 is engaged with the plurality of sprockets 15, and the output shaft of the reduction motor 13 is engaged with the chain 14. A plurality of stirrer suspension devices are also arranged in the microwave resonant cavity 5.1, the stirrer suspension device includes a suspension seat 16 fixedly connected with the microwave resonant cavity 5.1 and a bearing 17 located at the bottom of the suspension seat 16; the plurality of mode stirrers 12 are connected with the plurality of sprockets 15 one by one, and the other end of the plurality of mode stirrers 12 are rotatably connected with the plurality of bearings 17 one by one. The reduction motor 13 drives the plurality of sprockets 15 to drive the mode stirrers 12 to rotate, thereby realizing microwave stirring. The slit antenna 11 is used for efficiently feeding the microwaves generated by the magnetron 10 into the inside of the microwave resonant cavity 5.1, so that the workpiece in the microwave resonant cavity is uniformly heated. Preferably, four slit antennas with a maximum power of 3kW are installed in the microwave resonant cavity 5.1, the output power of each slit antenna is 100W-3000W, and the power of each microwave generator is independently continuously adjustable, and the total power is 12kW. The electric heating system includes a heating element and an electric heating fan 10, which generates heat through the heating element (usually an electric heating wire), heats the air in the component forming cavity, and then heats the composite material preform 21 through convection heat exchange and heat conduction. In this structure, the magnetron 10 is a device for generating microwaves, the slit antenna 11 is a component for guiding microwaves into the resonant cavity through longitudinal cracks, the mode stirrer 12 is provided with two 2mm stainless steel blades 12.1 in the radial direction of the shaft, one end of the mode stirrer is rotatably connected with the bearing 17 at the bottom of the suspension seat 16, the other end is fixed to the side wall of the microwave resonant cavity through the bearing, and this end extends out of the cavity and is fixedly connected with the sprocket, and the output shaft of the reduction motor drives the mode stirrer to move through the sprocket and the chain; at the same time, the frequency of the motor can be adjusted through the frequency converter to change the number of revolutions of the motor, and the number of revolutions of the mode stirrer can be adjusted according to the demand.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, the microwave resonant cavity is an octagonal structure, which has the following advantages: (1) uniformity and symmetry: the octagonal structure can provide more uniform and symmetrical electromagnetic field distribution. This is very important to ensure the stability and predictability of the antenna radiation pattern, especially when precise control of beam direction and shape is required. (2) reduce standing wave and energy loss: the octagonal shape helps to reduce the standing wave effect in the resonant cavity, thereby reducing energy loss. This is particularly critical in microwave communication and radar systems, which can improve energy transmission efficiency and overall system performance. (3) compact size and high space utilization: compared with traditional rectangular or circular cavities, the octagonal cavity can more effectively utilize space while maintaining resonant conditions, making the device design more compact. (4) wide frequency tuning range: the octagonal cavity usually has a relatively wide frequency tuning range, which enables the device to adapt to different frequency bands and application requirements, improving the flexibility and versatility of the system. (5) mechanical strength and manufacturing cost: the octagonal structure may have advantages in mechanical strength and manufacturing cost compared to circular or other irregular shapes, especially in large or high-frequency devices. (6) frequency tuning and modulation: the mode stirrer can change the resonant frequency of the microwave resonant cavity by adjusting the speed and direction of rotation. This allows the device to work at different frequencies, adapting to different communication or radar requirements, and achieving frequency tuning and modulation functions. (7) electromagnetic wave field regulation: by changing the operating parameters of the stirrer, the distribution and shape of the electromagnetic field in the microwave cavity can be adjusted. This is very important for optimizing the antenna radiation pattern, controlling the beam direction and shape, and improving energy transmission efficiency. (8) electromagnetic interference management: the mode stirrer can be used to reduce or control electromagnetic interference in the microwave cavity, thereby improving the electromagnetic compatibility and anti-interference ability of the system. (9) dynamic adjustment and flexibility: the operating state of the mode stirrer can be dynamically adjusted according to real-time requirements, allowing the system to quickly respond and adapt to different working conditions or environmental changes, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the system. In summary, the role of the mode stirrer in the microwave resonant cavity mainly lies in frequency tuning, electromagnetic field regulation, interference management and system flexibility, which is one of the key technologies to improve device performance and application flexibility.

[0047] For reference Figure 13 and Figure 14 In combination with the above-mentioned curing and forming system, the present application also provides a vibration-microwave combined curing and forming method for composite components. The vacuum sealing system includes a forming mold 18, a vacuum bag 19, a breathable felt 20, a composite material preform 21, a high-temperature sealing glue 22, and a vacuum nozzle 23. The forming method includes the following steps:

[0048] S1, first, the composite material preform 21 is placed on the forming mold 18, and the sealing glue is arranged around the composite material preform 21; then, the air permeable felt 20 is laid on the composite material preform 21, and then the vacuum bag 19 is sealed with the forming mold 18, the composite material preform 21, the air permeable felt 20 and the vacuum nozzle 23 through the high-temperature sealing glue 22 to form a sealed whole; finally, the fixed part 24 is used to fix the sealed vacuum sealing system on the vibration table plate 7; in this step, the aluminum foil is used to cover around the forming mold to prevent the discharge phenomenon in the microwave field; in order to facilitate the composite material demolding, the isolation film is laid on the upper and lower surfaces of the composite material preform 21 respectively, and in order to prevent the resin from overflowing in the curing process, the sealing glue is arranged around the composite material preform; the fixed part is an aluminum alloy pressing strip, and the aluminum alloy pressing strip is matched with the bolt to fix the vacuum sealing system on the vibration table plate.

[0049] S2, the vacuum nozzle 23 is connected with the vacuum pump, then the air compressor 1, the air tank 2, the freeze dryer 3, the cooling water machine 4, the vibration-microwave combined molding equipment 5 and the liquid nitrogen tank 6 are opened in sequence, the pressure of the air compressor 1 is set to 0.8-1MPa, then the valve of the liquid nitrogen tank 6 is opened, and the temperature of the freeze dryer 3 and the cooling water machine 4 is set to 10-15℃;

[0050] S3, the vibration-microwave combined molding equipment 5 is used for curing and molding the composite material preform 21, and the curing and molding process is divided into two stages: in the first stage, the vibration acceleration of the vibration device is controlled to be 5-20g, and the microwave device is used to heat the composite material preform 21 from room temperature to 85-95℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-2.5℃ / min, and the temperature is kept for 30-40min; in the second stage, the vibration device is controlled to stop vibrating, and the microwave device is used to continue heating the composite material preform 21 treated in the first stage to 120-150℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-2.5℃ / min, and the temperature is kept for 100-150min, and the microwave device is turned off;

[0051] S4, the liquid nitrogen cooling system is opened, the pressure of the liquid nitrogen is 1.0-2.0MPa, and the composite material part is cooled at a cooling rate of 1.7-2.3℃ / min; when the temperature drops to 50-60℃, the product after curing is taken out, and the molded composite material component is obtained.

[0052] In a specific embodiment of the application, T700 / TRE231 carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite material prepreg is selected, and the layering angle is [0 / 90 / 0 / 90 / 0 / 90 / 0 / 90 / 0] sThe forming die plate is made of T800 / X850 composite material by hot pressing, the periphery of the forming die is covered with aluminum foil to prevent discharge phenomenon in the microwave field, the angle-paved composite material preform is placed on the forming die containing the release film, the sealing rubber is placed around the composite material preform to prevent the resin from overflowing in the curing process, then the release film, the air-permeable felt, the vacuum bag and the vacuum nozzle are covered in sequence, the vacuum pipe in the vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum nozzle 23 on the vacuum bag 19 through the vacuum pipe inlet 5.5, then the air compressor 1, the air tank 2, the freeze dryer 3, the cooling water machine 4, the vibration-microwave combined molding equipment 5 and the liquid nitrogen tank 6 are opened in sequence, the pressure of the air compressor 1 is set to 1 MPa, the liquid nitrogen tank 6 valve is opened, the temperature of the freeze dryer and the cooling water machine is set to 15 DEG C, the vibration device and the microwave device are controlled to make the composite material preform operate according to the following process curve: first, the vibration device pressure is set to 2.5 kgf / cm 2 , the vibration acceleration is set to 10g, the microwave power is 1100W, the microwave regulated power is 60W, the composite material preform is heated from room temperature to 90 DEG C at a heating rate of 2 DEG C / min, and is kept for 30 min; then the vibration device is closed, the microwave power is 1700W, the microwave regulated power is 110W, the composite material preform is continuously heated to 130 DEG C at a heating rate of 2 DEG C / min, and is kept for 120 min, then the microwave device is closed; the liquid nitrogen cooling system is opened, the liquid nitrogen pressure is 1.0 MPa, the electromagnetic valve is opened, the composite material preform is cooled at a rate of 2 DEG C / min, and when the temperature drops to 60 DEG C, the cured composite material component is taken out.

[0053] Figure 15 The micro-morphology of the cross section of the composite material component cured and formed by the method of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 15 It can be seen that the layers of the composite material component are well combined with the layer interfaces, and the whole has less pore content.

[0054] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, and the present application can have various modifications and changes for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A vibration-microwave composite curing molding system for composite material components, characterized in that, The system includes an air compressor (1), a gas storage tank (2), a freeze dryer (3), a cooling water system (4), a vibration-microwave composite molding device (5), and a liquid nitrogen cooling system. The air compressor (1) is connected to the air hammer inlet of the vibration-microwave composite molding device (5) in sequence through the gas storage tank (2) and the freeze dryer (3). The vibration-microwave composite molding device (5) includes a main body, a vibration device, a microwave device, a microwave stirring device, and an electric heating fan. The vibration device includes a vibration table (7) set inside the main body and an air hammer cluster located at the bottom of the vibration table (7). The vibration table (7) divides the inner cavity of the main body into a microwave resonant cavity (5.1) and an air hammer structure chamber (5.2) set up vertically. The air hammer cluster includes multiple small air hammers (8) for generating high-frequency vibration excitation and multiple air hammers for generating low-frequency vibration excitation. Hammer (9); The microwave device includes multiple magnetrons (10) disposed outside the microwave resonant cavity (5.1), each magnetron (10) is connected to a slit antenna (11), the other end of the slit antenna (11) extends through into the interior of the microwave resonant cavity (5.1); The microwave stirring device includes multiple mode stirrers (12) disposed inside the microwave resonant cavity (5.1), one end of each mode stirrer (12) extends outside the microwave resonant cavity (5.1) and is connected to a drive device disposed outside the microwave resonant cavity (5.1); The electric heating fan is disposed inside the microwave resonant cavity (5.1); The cooling water machine (4) is used to cool the magnetrons (10); The liquid nitrogen cooling system includes a liquid nitrogen tank (6), the liquid nitrogen tank (6) is connected to the microwave resonant cavity (5.1) through pipes and solenoid valves.

2. The curing and molding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving device includes a geared motor (13), a chain (14), and multiple sprockets (15). The multiple sprockets (15) are disposed on the outer wall of the microwave resonant cavity (5.1). The chain (14) is disposed between the multiple sprockets (15). The output shaft of the geared motor (13) is connected to the chain (14) to drive the sprockets (15) to rotate the mode stirrer (12). Multiple stirrer suspension devices are provided in the microwave resonant cavity (5.1). The stirrer suspension device includes a suspension seat (16) fixedly connected to the microwave resonant cavity (5.1) and a bearing (17) located at the bottom of the suspension seat (16). One end of the multiple mode stirrers (12) is connected to the multiple sprockets (15) one by one, and the other end of the multiple mode stirrers (12) is connected to the multiple bearings (17) one by one.

3. The curing and molding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration table (7) includes a carbon fiber composite material layer (7a) and an aluminum alloy plate (7b) located at the bottom of the carbon fiber composite material layer (7a). The carbon fiber composite material layer (7a) and the aluminum alloy plate (7b) are bonded together by high-temperature adhesive. A stainless steel plate (7c) is also provided on the carbon fiber composite material layer (7a). The stainless steel plate (7c) has vertical panels (7d) covering the four sides of the carbon fiber composite material layer (7a).

4. The curing and molding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power of the slot antenna (11) is between 100W and 3000W, and the power of each slot antenna (11) is individually and continuously adjustable; the electric heating fan is located at the top of the microwave resonant cavity (5.1) to provide the thermal environment inside the microwave resonant cavity (5.1).

5. The curing and molding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the small air hammer (8) and the large air hammer (9) are stepped piston air hammers. The stepped piston air hammer includes a cylinder (a), a pad (b), a piston (c), and a rear cylinder head (d). The front end of the cylinder (a) has an inclined surface, and the cavity of the cylinder forms a compressed air chamber (e). The pad (b) and the piston (c) are disposed in the compressed air chamber (e). The pad (b) is fixedly connected to the front end of the compressed air chamber (e), and the rear cylinder head (d) is disposed at the rear end of the cylinder. When compressed air of a certain pressure enters the compressed air chamber (e), the piston (c) will overcome gravity and front air pressure resistance and collide with the pad (b) to generate an excitation signal.

6. The curing and molding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration frequency range of the vibration table (7) is 10-5000Hz, and the vibration acceleration range of the vibration table (7) is 0-75g.

7. The curing and molding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gap is provided between the vibration table plate (7) and the inner wall of the main body of the equipment, and a microwave protection structure is provided in the gap; the microwave protection structure includes stainless steel window screens on both sides and high-temperature resistant cloth in the middle, the thickness of the microwave protection structure is 2-3mm, and the maximum working temperature of the microwave protection structure is 300℃; the stainless steel window screen has a mesh count of 20-40 and a thickness of 0.5mm-1mm.

8. A method for vibration-microwave composite curing molding of composite material components, characterized in that, A composite material component is formed using a vacuum sealing system and a curing molding system as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the vacuum sealing system includes a molding die (18), a vacuum bag (19), a breathable felt (20), a composite material preform (21), a high-temperature sealant (22), and a vacuum nozzle (23); the molding method includes the following steps: S1. First, place the composite material preform (21) on the molding mold (18), and then set a sealing seal around the composite material preform (21); next, lay the breathable felt (20) on the composite material preform (21), and then use high-temperature sealant (22) to form a sealed whole with the molding mold (18), the composite material preform (21), the breathable felt (20) and the vacuum nozzle (23); finally, use the fixing member (24) to fix the sealed vacuum sealing system as a whole on the vibration table plate (7); S2. First connect the vacuum nozzle (23) to the vacuum pump, then turn on the air compressor (1), the gas storage tank (2), the freeze dryer (3), the cooling water machine (4), the vibration-microwave composite molding equipment (5), and the liquid nitrogen tank (6) in sequence, and set the pressure of the air compressor (1) to 0.8-1MPa, then open the valve of the liquid nitrogen tank (6), and then set the temperature of the freeze dryer (3) and the cooling water machine (4) to 10-15℃; S3. The composite material preform (21) is cured and molded using the vibration-microwave composite molding equipment (5). The curing and molding process is divided into two stages: the first stage is to control the vibration acceleration of the vibration device to be 5-20g, and use the microwave device to heat the composite material preform (21) from room temperature to 85-95℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-2.5℃ / min, and hold it for 30-40min; the second stage is to control the vibration device to stop vibrating, and use the microwave device to continue to heat the composite material preform (21) after the first stage treatment to 120-150℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-2.5℃ / min, hold it for 100-150min, and then turn off the microwave device. S4. Turn on the liquid nitrogen cooling system to cool the composite material part at a lower temperature. When the temperature drops to 50-60℃, take out the cured product to obtain the molded composite material component.

9. The curing and molding method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The molding die (18) is covered with aluminum foil around its perimeter; the upper and lower surfaces of the composite material preform (21) are provided with isolation films.

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