A safety evaluation method and system for open-pit mine blasting construction

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for evaluating the safety of blasting construction in an open-pit mine. The evaluation method comprises: collecting data of the surrounding environment of the construction to be blasted; predicting the content of the dangerous factors and the amount of dangerous substances according to the surrounding environment data; determining the blasting risk coefficient according to the process used for blasting and the content of the dangerous factors and the amount of dangerous substances; and evaluating the safety of the mine blasting construction according to the value of the blasting risk coefficient. The present invention takes into account the general blasting method and the special blasting method used in the blasting construction, determines the risk coefficient according to the two blasting methods, obtains the explosion index, and also includes the safety measure compensation coefficient to determine the final risk coefficient. In addition, the present invention uses an index factor to avoid the difficulty of determining the consequences of the story probability machine, and the evaluation index value contains both accident frequency and accident consequences. Using probabilistic risk analysis, a variety of approximation models can be easily applied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blasting safety evaluation, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating blasting construction safety in an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] As the intensity of mining activities continues to increase, safety issues related to mining production are becoming more and more prominent. Blasting mining in open-pit mines is one of the main processes. Strengthening the risk safety prediction of blasting operations is an important part of ensuring the safety of blasting construction. Safety evaluation is carried out on geological conditions, blasting scale, and blasting construction.

[0003] However, for the location of the mine, the surrounding human environment, the geographical environment of the mine and the natural environment are basic data for safety assessment. At present, most safety assessments are based on the surrounding environment and the number of explosives deployed to simulate blasting, and then obtain the safety of the blasting. In addition, environmental factors, human factors and technical factors can also be used as evaluation factors for safety assessment. However, with the continuous changes in blasting technology, the processes used for different environments are also very different. How to use the blasting process, the surrounding environment, the content of dangerous factors and the number of dangerous substances used as evaluation factors to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate safety assessment needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method and system for safety evaluation of blasting construction in an open-pit mine, the method comprising:

[0005] Collect environmental data around the construction site to be blasted;

[0006] Predicting the content of the dangerous factors and the amount of dangerous substances based on the surrounding environment data;

[0007] Calculate the blasting risk factor based on the blasting process used, the content of the risk factors, and the amount of dangerous substances;

[0008] The safety of mine blasting construction is evaluated based on the value of the blasting hazard coefficient.

[0009] Optionally, the content of collecting the surrounding environment data of the blasting construction to be carried out specifically includes:

[0010] Collect data on the natural mining area geographical conditions around the blasting construction and calculate the environmental vulnerability;

[0011] Collect data on slope shape, slope structure and vegetation around the blasting site;

[0012] Data collection is carried out on rock strength, shear strength, rock parameters and rock acoustic waves around the blasting construction.

[0013] Optionally, the data collection of the natural mining area geographical conditions around the blasting construction and the calculation of the environmental vulnerability specifically include:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, FV 1m FV is the conversion function of soil moisture index in mine environmental vulnerability; 2m is the population index V in the mine environmental vulnerability 2m The conversion function of V md Mine environmental vulnerability.

[0016] Optionally, the content of calculating the blasting risk factor according to the blasting process used, the content of the risk factors, and the amount of dangerous substances specifically includes:

[0017] The explosion hazard coefficient is calculated based on the material coefficient of the process and the hazardous factors existing in the environment.

[0018] Optionally, the material coefficients of the process include potential chemical energy, the amount of hazardous substances in the process, the operating pressure and operating temperature of the process, and historical data on process fires and explosion accidents.

[0019] Optionally, the blasting risk factor includes a general process risk factor and a special process risk factor;

[0020] The general process hazard factors include: exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction, material handling and transportation, open air environment, and the number of operating areas and channels;

[0021] The special process hazard factors include: toxic substances, negative pressure operations, operations within or near the explosion limits, dust explosions and pressure releases, low temperatures, the amount of flammable and unstable substances, and corrosion and leakage.

[0022] Optionally, the calculation method of the blasting risk coefficient is:

[0023] Explosion hazard factor = general process hazard factor × special process hazard factor.

[0024] Optionally, the content of evaluating the safety of mine blasting construction according to the value of the blasting risk coefficient specifically includes:

[0025] Use quantitative risk analysis methods to calculate the accident probability of blasting hazard factors;

[0026] Modeling is done based on the probability of blasting accidents and the consequences of blasting accidents to obtain an evaluation model;

[0027] Based on the evaluation model, the risk of blasting accidents is characterized as the product of the frequency of accidents and the consequences of the accidents, and the evaluation result of the safety of blasting construction is obtained according to the product result.

[0028] A safety evaluation system for open-pit mine blasting construction, the system comprising:

[0029] The surrounding data collection module is used to collect the surrounding environment data of the blasting construction site;

[0030] A hazardous substance prediction module, used to predict the content of hazardous factors and the amount of hazardous substances according to the surrounding environment data;

[0031] The hazard factor calculation module is used to calculate the blasting hazard factor according to the blasting process used, the content of the hazard factors, and the amount of hazardous substances;

[0032] The safety evaluation module is used to evaluate the safety of mine blasting construction according to the value of the blasting hazard coefficient.

[0033] Optionally, the workflow of the hazardous material prediction module includes:

[0034]

[0035] Among them, FV 1m FV is the conversion function of soil moisture index in mine environmental vulnerability; 2m is the population index V in the mine environmental vulnerability 2m The conversion function of V md Mine environmental vulnerability.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The present invention evaluates the safety of mine blasting construction based on the construction surrounding environment data, the content of the risk factors, the amount of dangerous substances, and the value of the blasting risk coefficient. The present invention takes into account the general blasting method and the special blasting method used in the blasting construction, determines the risk coefficient according to the two blasting methods, obtains the explosion index, and also includes the safety measure compensation coefficient to determine the final risk coefficient. In addition, the present invention uses an index factor to avoid the difficulty of determining the consequences of the story probability machine, and the evaluation index value contains both accident frequency and accident consequences. Using probabilistic risk analysis, a variety of approximation models can be easily applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0039] Figure 1 A method step diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. Specific implementation methods

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] A safety assessment method for open-pit mine blasting construction, such as Figure 1 As shown, specifically including:

[0044] Collect environmental data around the construction site to be blasted; the content of collecting environmental data around the construction site to be blasted specifically includes: collecting data on the geographical conditions of the natural mining area around the construction site to be blasted, and calculating the environmental vulnerability; collecting slope shape characteristics, slope structure characteristics and vegetation data around the construction site to be blasted; collecting data on rock strength, shear, rock parameters and rock sound waves around the construction site to be blasted.

[0045] The uniaxial tensile strength, deformation modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle of the rock mass were calculated. As the cohesion and internal friction angle increased, the safety factor of the slope increased. However, in terms of the increase in the internal friction angle and cohesion, the cohesion value increased from 94KPa to 129KPa, an increase of 37%, and the safety factor changed by 0.07; the internal friction angle value increased from 27.9° to 30.7°, an increase of 8.6%, and the safety factor changed by 0.12.

[0046] The obtained rock mass normal stress, shear force and Coulomb's theorem are subjected to linear regression using the least squares method, random-fuzzy method and reliability method to obtain the shear strength index.

[0047] The normal stress σ and shear stress τ acting on the shear surface are calculated according to the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] Where: σ—normal stress acting on the shear surface, MPa; τ—shear stress acting on the shear surface, MPa; P—total normal load acting on the shear surface, MN; Q—total shear load acting on the shear surface, MN; F—area of ​​the shear surface of the specimen, m 2 .

[0050] The rock mass integrity is evaluated by the rock mass integrity coefficient. A large integrity coefficient indicates good rock mass integrity and few joints and fissures in the rock mass. On the contrary, it indicates poor rock mass integrity and well-developed rock mass joints and fissures. The rock mass integrity coefficient Kv can be determined by the acoustic wave test results according to the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] Where V is the wave velocity of the rock mass, V r is the wave velocity of the rock mass. Based on the relationship between the rock mass integrity and the rock mass integrity coefficient, the rock mass volume joint number J is obtained. V and rock mass integrity factor K V The contrast relationship.

[0053] Predict the content of dangerous factors and the amount of dangerous substances based on the surrounding environmental data; collect data on the natural mining area geographical conditions around the blasting construction, and calculate the content of environmental vulnerability, including:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, FV 1m FV is the conversion function of soil moisture index in mine environmental vulnerability; 2m is the population index V in the mine environmental vulnerability 2m The conversion function of V md Mine environmental vulnerability.

[0056] The green plant rate and number of houses in the surrounding environment are obtained based on remote sensing images, and the number of flammable materials is extracted. When extracting flammable material images, the images are cut according to the characteristics of the flammable materials, and the channel attention mechanism is used to improve the image pixels.

[0057] Calculate the blasting hazard coefficient based on the technology used in blasting, the content of hazardous factors and the amount of hazardous substances; Calculate the blasting hazard coefficient based on the technology used in blasting, the content of hazardous factors and the amount of hazardous substances. The content specifically includes: calculate the blasting hazard coefficient based on the material coefficient of the technology and the hazardous factors existing in the environment.

[0058] The material coefficients of the process include potential chemical energy, the amount of hazardous substances in the process, the operating pressure and temperature of the process, and historical data on process fires and explosion accidents.

[0059] The explosion hazard factor includes the general process hazard factor and the special process hazard factor; the general process hazard factor includes: exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction, material handling and transportation, open-air environment, operation area and number of channels; the special process hazard factor includes: toxic substances, negative pressure operation, operation within or near the explosion limit, dust explosion and pressure release, low temperature, the number of flammable substances and unstable substances, as well as corrosion and leakage. The calculation method of the explosion hazard factor is: explosion hazard factor = general process hazard factor × special process hazard factor.

[0060] The safety of mine blasting construction is evaluated based on the value of the blasting hazard coefficient.

[0061] The contents of evaluating the safety of mine blasting construction according to the value of blasting hazard coefficient specifically include: using quantitative risk analysis method to calculate the accident probability of blasting hazard coefficient; building a model based on the probability of blasting accidents and the consequences of blasting accidents to obtain an evaluation model; based on the evaluation model, the risk of blasting accidents is characterized as the product of the frequency of accidents and the consequences of accidents, and the evaluation result of blasting construction safety is obtained according to the product result.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] A safety evaluation system for open-pit mine blasting construction, the system comprising:

[0064] The surrounding data collection module is used to collect the surrounding environment data of the blasting construction site;

[0065] The contents of collecting environmental data around the construction site to be blasted specifically include: collecting data on the geographical conditions of the natural mining area around the construction site to be blasted, and calculating the environmental vulnerability; collecting data on the slope shape characteristics, slope structure characteristics and vegetation data around the construction site to be blasted; collecting data on the rock strength, shear, rock parameters and rock sound waves around the construction site to be blasted.

[0066] The uniaxial tensile strength, deformation modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle of the rock mass were calculated. As the cohesion and internal friction angle increased, the safety factor of the slope increased. However, in terms of the increase in the internal friction angle and cohesion, the cohesion value increased from 94KPa to 129KPa, an increase of 37%, and the safety factor changed by 0.07; the internal friction angle value increased from 27.9° to 30.7°, an increase of 8.6%, and the safety factor changed by 0.12.

[0067] The obtained rock mass normal stress, shear force and Coulomb's theorem are subjected to linear regression using the least squares method, random-fuzzy method and reliability method to obtain the shear strength index.

[0068] The normal stress σ and shear stress τ acting on the shear surface are calculated according to the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] Where: σ—normal stress acting on the shear surface, MPa; τ—shear stress acting on the shear surface, MPa; P—total normal load acting on the shear surface, MN; Q—total shear load acting on the shear surface, MN; F—area of ​​the shear surface of the specimen, m 2 .

[0071] The rock mass integrity is evaluated by the rock mass integrity coefficient. A large integrity coefficient indicates good rock mass integrity and few joints and fissures in the rock mass. On the contrary, it indicates poor rock mass integrity and well-developed rock mass joints and fissures. The rock mass integrity coefficient Kv can be determined by the acoustic wave test results according to the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] Where V is the wave velocity of the rock mass, V r is the wave velocity of the rock mass. Based on the relationship between the rock mass integrity and the rock mass integrity coefficient, the rock mass volume joint number J is obtained. V and rock mass integrity factor K V The contrast relationship.

[0074] The hazardous substance prediction module is used to predict the content of hazardous factors and the amount of hazardous substances according to the surrounding environment data; the workflow of the hazardous substance prediction module includes:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, FV 1m FV is the conversion function of soil moisture index in mine environmental vulnerability; 2m is the population index V in the mine environmental vulnerability 2m The conversion function of V md Mine environmental vulnerability.

[0077] The hazard coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the blasting hazard coefficient according to the process used for blasting, the content of the hazard factors, and the amount of hazardous substances; the content of calculating the blasting hazard coefficient according to the process used for blasting, the content of the hazard factors, and the amount of hazardous substances specifically includes: calculating the blasting hazard coefficient according to the material coefficient of the process and the hazardous factors existing in the environment.

[0078] The material coefficients of the process include potential chemical energy, the amount of hazardous substances in the process, the operating pressure and temperature of the process, and historical data on process fires and explosion accidents.

[0079] The explosion hazard factor includes the general process hazard factor and the special process hazard factor; the general process hazard factor includes: exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction, material handling and transportation, open-air environment, operation area and number of channels; the special process hazard factor includes: toxic substances, negative pressure operation, operation within or near the explosion limit, dust explosion and pressure release, low temperature, the number of flammable substances and unstable substances, as well as corrosion and leakage. The calculation method of the explosion hazard factor is: explosion hazard factor = general process hazard factor × special process hazard factor.

[0080] The safety evaluation module is used to evaluate the safety of mine blasting construction according to the value of the blasting hazard coefficient. The content of evaluating the safety of mine blasting construction according to the value of the blasting hazard coefficient specifically includes: using the quantitative risk analysis method to calculate the accident probability of the blasting hazard coefficient; modeling based on the probability of blasting accidents and the consequences of blasting accidents to obtain an evaluation model; based on the evaluation model, the risk of blasting accidents is represented as the product of the frequency of accidents and the consequences of accidents, and the evaluation result of blasting construction safety is obtained according to the product result.

[0081] The above shows and describes the main features and advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention.

[0082] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for safety assessment of open-pit mine blasting construction, characterized in that: The method comprises: Collect environmental data around the construction site to be blasted, including: Collect data on the natural mining area geographical conditions around the blasting construction and calculate the environmental vulnerability, including: in, It is the soil moisture index in the mine environmental vulnerability. The conversion function of Population index in mine environmental vulnerability The conversion function of Mine environmental vulnerability; Collect data on slope shape, slope structure and vegetation around the blasting site; Collect data on rock mass strength, shear strength, rock mass parameters and rock mass acoustic waves around the blasting construction; Predicting the content of the dangerous factors and the amount of the dangerous substances based on the surrounding environment data; Calculate the blasting risk factor based on the blasting process, the content of the risk factors and the amount of dangerous substances; The safety of mine blasting construction is evaluated according to the value of blasting risk coefficient, including: Use quantitative risk analysis methods to calculate the accident probability of blasting hazard factors; Modeling is done based on the probability of blasting accidents and the consequences of blasting accidents to obtain an evaluation model; Based on the evaluation model, the risk of blasting accidents is characterized as the product of the frequency of accidents and the consequences of the accidents, and the evaluation result of the safety of blasting construction is obtained according to the product result.

2. The open-pit mine blasting construction safety assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contents of calculating the blasting risk factor according to the blasting process, the content of the risk factors and the amount of dangerous substances specifically include: The explosion hazard coefficient is calculated based on the material coefficient of the process and the hazardous factors existing in the environment.

3. The open-pit mine blasting construction safety assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material coefficients of the process include potential chemical energy, the amount of hazardous materials in the process, the operating pressure of the process, the operating temperature of the process, and the history of process fire and explosion accidents.

4. The open-pit mine blasting construction safety assessment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The blasting risk factor includes a general process risk factor and a special process risk factor; The general process hazard factors include: exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction, material handling and transportation, open air environment, and the number of operating areas and channels; The special process hazard factors include: toxic substances, negative pressure operations, operations within or near the explosion limits, dust explosions and pressure releases, low temperatures, the amount of flammable and unstable substances, and corrosion and leakage.

5. The open-pit mine blasting construction safety assessment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation method of the blasting risk factor is: Explosion hazard factor = general process hazard factor × special process hazard factor.

6. A safety evaluation system for blasting construction in an open-pit mine, the safety evaluation system applying the blasting construction safety evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The system includes: The surrounding data collection module is used to collect the surrounding environment data of the blasting construction site; A hazardous substance prediction module, used to predict the content of hazardous factors and the amount of hazardous substances according to the surrounding environment data; The hazard factor calculation module is used to calculate the blasting hazard factor according to the blasting process used, the content of the hazard factors, and the amount of hazardous substances; The safety evaluation module is used to evaluate the safety of mine blasting construction according to the value of the blasting hazard coefficient.

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