A method for screening high-efficiency rice for panicle fertilizer in cold rice growing areas

Abstract

The present application is suitable for the rice breeding technical field, and provides a spike fertilizer efficient rice screening method for cold rice growing areas, comprising the following steps: step 1, collecting rice materials in the cold rice growing area: collecting the main varieties and stable excellent line materials of rice in the same growth period in the cold rice growing area, and the total number is not less than 200; step 2, designing and implementing field spike fertilizer experiment, adopting split plot experiment design, wherein the spike fertilizer level is the main area, and the rice variety is the sub-area; step 3, screening the spike fertilizer efficient rice, including preliminary judgment, contribution coefficient calculation and final screening. The spike fertilizer efficient rice variety (line) screened by the screening method can effectively improve the number of spike grains and the number of effective spikes, thereby increasing the yield. At the same time, the method can also adjust the fertilizer application mode in the whole growth cycle, realize the reduction of fertilizer dosage while maintaining the efficient rice planting mode, and has significant practical production application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rice breeding technology, and in particular relates to a screening method for high-efficiency rice with high panicle growth in cold rice-growing areas. Background Technology

[0002] The key to increasing rice yield in cold rice-growing areas lies in the cultivation of large-panicle rice varieties. Improving the number of grains per panicle requires optimizing variety (line) selection and cultivation practices. Among these, the application of panicle fertilizer is particularly crucial for enhancing rice growth and yield. Appropriate application of panicle fertilizer promotes rice development, enhances photosynthesis, increases effective tillering, and improves the differentiation of branches and florets, thus contributing to the formation of large panicles and increasing the number and weight of grains per panicle. However, more panicle fertilizer is not necessarily better; excessive application can reduce fertilizer utilization and conversion efficiency, leading to delayed maturity, lodging, and ultimately reduced yield. Given the varying fertilizer requirements of different rice varieties (lines), cultivating rice varieties with high fertilizer utilization efficiency is a current research hotspot. However, there are currently no reported methods for screening rice varieties (lines) with high panicle fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, a screening method for high panicle fertilizer efficiency rice varieties in cold rice-growing areas is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for screening high-efficiency rice varieties with high panicle growth in cold rice-growing areas, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A method for screening high-yield rice varieties with high panicle fertility in cold rice-growing areas includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Collection of rice materials in cold rice-growing areas;

[0007] Step 2: Design and implement a field experiment on topdressing for panicle growth;

[0008] Step 3: Screening for high-yield rice varieties with thick panicles.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific process of step 1 is as follows: collect rice main varieties and stable superior strains of the same growth period in cold rice-growing areas, with a total number of no less than 200 samples.

[0010] Furthermore, the field experiment on panicle fertilization adopted a split-plot experimental design, with panicle fertilization level as the main plot and rice variety as the subplot. The specific fertilization process is as follows:

[0011] Early fertilization: Each main area should be irrigated individually with single rows of fertilizer, and a uniform application of 120 kg / hm² of pure nitrogen fertilizer should be used. 2 75 kg / hm² of pure phosphate fertilizer 2 120 kg / hm² of pure potassium fertilizer 2 ;

[0012] Application of panicle fertilizer: Apply panicle fertilizer 25 days before rice heading. Set up a control without applying panicle fertilizer. The amount of panicle fertilizer applied is divided into three levels: HNK, MNK and LNK.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific amount of fertilizer applied during the ear of grain is as follows:

[0014] HNK: 60 kg / hm² of pure nitrogen fertilizer 2 60 kg / hm of pure potassium fertilizer 2 ;

[0015] MNK: 30 kg / hm² of pure nitrogen fertilizer 2 30 kg / hm of pure potassium fertilizer 2 ;

[0016] LNK: 15 kg / hm of pure nitrogen fertilizer 2 15 kg / hm of pure potassium fertilizer 2 .

[0017] Furthermore, the specific process of step 3 is as follows:

[0018] Preliminary assessment: The yield level shows a trend of HNK > MNK > LNK > CK, and the yield increase of each ear fertilizer treatment compared with the control is at least 3.3% higher.

[0019] Contribution coefficient calculation: Calculate the contribution coefficients of the number of ears per hill and the number of grains per ear to the yield;

[0020] Final screening: Rice varieties with a contribution coefficient greater than 1 were selected as high-efficiency rice varieties with high panicle growth in cold rice-growing areas.

[0021] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the contribution coefficient is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] This invention proposes a screening method for high-yield, high-panicle-weight rice varieties in cold rice-growing areas. The high-yield, high-panicle-weight rice varieties (lines) screened using this method can effectively increase the number of grains per panicle and the number of effective panicles, thereby increasing yield. Simultaneously, this method can also adjust the fertilizer application method throughout the entire growth cycle, achieving a rice planting model that reduces fertilizer usage while maintaining high efficiency, demonstrating significant practical production application value. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0026] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0027] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for screening high-yield rice varieties with high panicle fertility in cold rice-growing areas, comprising the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Collection of rice materials in cold rice-growing areas: Collect no less than 200 samples of rice main varieties and stable superior strains from rice growing at the same growth stage in cold rice-growing areas.

[0029] Step 2: Design and implement a field experiment on panicle fertilization: A split-plot experimental design was adopted, with panicle fertilization level as the main plot and rice variety as the subplot. The specific fertilization process is as follows:

[0030] Early fertilization: Each main area should be irrigated individually with single rows of fertilizer, and a uniform application of 120 kg / hm² of pure nitrogen fertilizer should be used. 2 75 kg / hm² of pure phosphate fertilizer 2 120 kg / hm² of pure potassium fertilizer 2 ;

[0031] Application of panicle fertilizer: Apply panicle fertilizer 25 days before rice heading. A control group (CK) was established where no panicle fertilizer was applied. The application rate of panicle fertilizer was divided into HNK (60 kg / hm² pure nitrogen fertilizer). 2 Pure potassium fertilizer 60 kg / hm 2 MNK (pure nitrogen fertilizer 30kg / hm) 2 30 kg / hm² of pure potassium fertilizer 2 ) and LNK (pure nitrogen fertilizer 15kg / hm) 2 15 kg / hm² of pure potassium fertilizer 2 Three levels.

[0032] Step 3: Screening for high-yield rice varieties with strong panicle growth; the specific process of step 3 is as follows:

[0033] Preliminary assessment: The yield level must show a trend of HNK > MNK > LNK > CK, and the yield increase of each ear fertilizer treatment relative to the control must be at least 3.3% higher.

[0034] Contribution coefficient calculation: Calculate the contribution coefficients of the number of ears per hill and the number of grains per ear to the yield; the formula for calculating the contribution coefficient is as follows:

[0035]

[0036] Final screening: Rice varieties (lines) with a contribution coefficient greater than 1 and a relatively large value were selected, that is, rice varieties (lines) whose panicle formation rate contributes more to yield than the number of grains per panicle, as high-yield rice varieties with high panicle growth in cold rice-growing areas.

[0037] Example 1: Using no top dressing as the control (CK), HNK (60 kg / hm² of pure nitrogen fertilizer) was set up. 2 Pure potassium fertilizer 60 kg / hm 2 MNK (pure nitrogen fertilizer 30kg / hm) 2 30 kg / hm² of pure potassium fertilizer 2 LNK (pure nitrogen fertilizer 15kg / hm) 2 15 kg / hm² of pure potassium fertilizer 2 Three levels of topdressing fertilizer were applied to successfully screen and cultivate a nationally approved rice variety, "Beizuo 1" (National Approval Rice 20200060), which exhibits high topdressing fertilizer efficiency in cold rice-growing areas. Under HNK, MNK, and LNK treatments, this variety increased yield by 14.3%, 10.8%, and 5.4%, respectively, with a contribution coefficient of 1.8. Due to its high topdressing fertilizer efficiency in cold rice-growing areas, in production trials of early-maturing japonica rice in northern China, it achieved 249,000 effective panicles per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), 111.0 grains per panicle, a seed setting rate of 93.1%, a thousand-grain weight of 26.4 grams, and an average yield of 592.15 kg per mu, representing a 9.01% increase compared to the control variety, Longdao 20.

[0038] It is evident that the high-efficiency rice varieties (lines) selected by the screening method proposed in this invention can effectively increase the number of grains per panicle and the number of effective panicles, thereby increasing yield; and maintain a high-efficiency rice planting mode while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used.

[0039] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A method for screening high panicle-harvest index rice for cold rice-growing regions, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: Step 1, collecting rice materials in cold rice growing areas; Step 2, designing and implementing field panicle fertilizer experiments; Step 3, screening high-efficiency rice of panicle fertilizer; The field panicle fertilizer experiment adopts split plot experiment design, wherein the panicle fertilizer level is the main plot, and the rice variety is the sub-plot; the specific fertilization process is as follows: Early fertilization: single row and single irrigation in each main area, uniformly applying pure nitrogen fertilizer 120 kg / hm 2 , pure phosphorus fertilizer 75 kg / hm 2 , and pure potassium fertilizer 120 kg / hm 2 ; Panicle fertilizer application: panicle fertilizer is applied 25 days before rice heading, and no panicle fertilizer is applied as the control CK; the panicle fertilizer application amount is divided into HNK, MNK and LNK three levels; The panicle fertilizer application amount is specifically as follows: HNK: pure nitrogen fertilizer 60 kg / hm 2 and pure potassium fertilizer 60 kg / hm 2 ; MNK: pure nitrogen fertilizer 30 kg / hm 2 and pure potassium fertilizer 30 kg / hm 2 ; LNK: pure nitrogen fertilizer 15 kg / hm 2 and pure potassium fertilizer 15 kg / hm 2 ; The specific process of step 3 is as follows: Preliminary judgment: the yield level shows the trend of HNK>MNK>LNK>CK, and the yield increase amplitude difference of each panicle fertilizer treatment relative to the control reaches at least 3.3% or more; Contribution coefficient calculation: the contribution coefficients of single-hole panicle number and panicle grain number to yield are calculated; Final screening: the rice varieties with the contribution coefficient greater than 1 are screened as the panicle fertilizer high-efficiency rice in cold rice growing areas; The calculation formula of the contribution coefficient is as follows: Contribution coefficient = .

2. The method for screening of panicle-harvest index efficient rice for panicle fertilizer in cold rice growing region according to claim 1, wherein, The specific process of step 1 is as follows: collect the main cultivated varieties and stable excellent line materials of rice in cold rice growing areas at the same growth period, and the total number is not less than 200.

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