An experimental device and method for simulating the stress and deformation of a debris retaining dam

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating the stress and deformation of a slag retaining dam during the process of soil stacking, including a test box, a slag retaining dam body, a bearing plate, a reaction frame, a force application adjustment system, a hydraulic servo control system, a dam body displacement monitoring system, a rainfall simulation system, and a computer control system. The force application adjustment system mainly consists of 4 small hydraulic lifting control devices at the bottom, 2 hydraulic push-pull control devices horizontally, and 2 vertical hydraulic tension control devices to adjust the angle of the hydraulic servo control system, which is used to simulate the stress states of the slag retaining dam on the side facing the slag under different slope ratios. The hydraulic servo control system is used to control the output of the pressure on the side of the slag retaining dam facing the slag, and is connected with the bearing plate to output the pressure on the side of the dam body facing the slag. The rainfall simulation system mainly consists of a sprinkler head, a water pipe, a water pump, and a water bucket, which is used to simulate the variation laws of the dam body pressure and deformation under actual rainfall conditions. The present invention can meet the requirements of simulating the stress states of slag retaining dams with different cross-sectional forms under different rainfall patterns and different drainage methods, as well as the intelligent acquisition of data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of indoor geotechnical engineering tests, and particularly relates to a test device and a test method for simulating the stress and deformation of a slag retaining dam body. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, due to a large number of engineering constructions, a large amount of waste soil and stones will inevitably be generated, and the storage safety of waste soil and stones has become one of the huge challenges. From the cases of landslides and instability of waste dumps at home and abroad, it is found that these instabilities of waste dumps are mainly caused by rainfall. According to the "Technical Standard for Soil and Water Conservation of Production and Construction Projects" (GB 50433-2018), according to the grade of the waste dump and the topography and geomorphology, etc., retaining facilities can be set at the toe of the waste dump slope to reduce the loss of soil and stones and avoid environmental pollution. Therefore, in order to reduce the environmental pollution, economic losses, and damage to people's lives and property caused by soil and water loss, more and more soil and water conservation project waste dumps are often built with retaining facilities such as slag retaining dams at the toe of the slope to reduce soil and water loss and have been widely used. However, during the process of soil stacking, the side of the slag retaining dam facing the waste will inevitably be subjected to the pressure of the upper waste soil mass. When the amount of waste continues to increase, the pressure on the slag retaining dam body will also continue to increase. At this time, the stability and safety of the slag retaining dam body will be tested, which is related to the stability of the entire waste soil site. Therefore, studying the law of stress and deformation of the slag retaining dam body during the soil stacking process is of great significance for the stress stability of the slag retaining dam and the safety and stability of the entire waste dump.

[0003] At present, there is no report on the research of the stress and deformation of the slag retaining dam during the filling process of waste soil and stones. Moreover, the construction of the slag retaining dam mainly refers to the construction of the rolled-fill rockfill dam in the water conservancy and hydropower aspects. The interaction objects of the two dam bodies are quite different and cannot be compared; among them, the slag retaining dam interacts with waste soil and stones to play a role in retaining slag, and its height is generally relatively low, while the rolled-fill rockfill dam interacts with water, and the dam body is generally relatively high, some up to 300m, to play a role in retaining water. In addition, the slag retaining dam requires good drainage performance of the dam body and is mainly composed of pervious coarse-grained soil and bouldery soil after compaction; while a clay layer is set in the middle of the rolled-fill rockfill dam to prevent water from permeating the dam body and play an anti-seepage effect; there are great differences between the slag retaining dam and the water-retaining rolled-fill rockfill dam in terms of both dam building materials and performance inspection, making the test simulation devices not universal.

[0004] Therefore, the safety of the slag retaining dam body has a great impact on the safety and stability of the waste dump. There is a lack in the field of simulating the stress and deformation state and water permeability of the dam body structure of the slag retaining dam with different slope ratios on the side facing the waste under different rainfall conditions, which is crucial for revealing the stress performance and failure mechanism of the slag retaining dam body structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the working environment of the slag dam in the soil and water conservation work in the above technical background, the present invention simulates the stress state of the slag dam on the slag side under different slope ratios through a force adjustment system capable of adjusting the force angle, size and direction, and provides a solution for revealing the deformation law of the stress state of the slag dam during the slag filling process; the instrument has high measurement accuracy and strong stability, and can meet the test requirements of the stress damage state of the slag dam.

[0006] On the other hand, the present invention uses a rainfall simulation system and a test box with drainage on the left and right sides, combined with a force adjustment system that can adjust the force angle, size and direction, to simulate the stress state of the slag dam on the slag side with different slope ratios under different rainfall intensities. It can also simulate the stress state of the slag dam on the slag side when rainwater is discharged or cannot be discharged under rainfall conditions, providing a solution to revealing the law of the stress and deformation state of the slag dam during the slag filling process in a complex environment. The instrument has high measurement accuracy and strong stability, and can meet the test requirements of considering the stress and damage state of the slag dam under rainfall conditions.

[0007] Specifically, the present invention provides a simulation device for testing the performance of a slag dam, including a force adjustment system, wherein the force adjustment system can adjust one or more of the force position, force angle and force magnitude of the slag dam, and the structure of the force adjustment system includes:

[0008] A fixing plate Ⅰ17, the upper and lower ends of which are both connected with a circular connecting rod 15;

[0009] The two ends of the circular connecting rod 15 located at the upper end of the fixing plate I 17 are respectively fixedly connected to the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 and the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device 12, and the other ends of the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 and the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 are both rotatably connected and fixed to the reaction frame 8 through the fixing plate (II); the angle between the plane formed by the circular connecting rod 15 located at the upper end of the fixing plate I 17, the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device 11, and the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 and the horizontal plane is 0 degrees or an acute angle;

[0010] A vertical left small hydraulic tension control device 13 and a vertical right small hydraulic tension control device 14 are also fixedly connected to the circular connecting rod 15 located at the upper end of the fixed plate I 17. The other ends of the vertical left small hydraulic tension control device 13 and the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device 14 are respectively rotatably connected and fixed to the reaction frame 8 through a universal ball head 19; the plane formed by the circular connecting rod 15 located at the upper end of the fixed plate I 17, the vertical left small hydraulic tension control device 13, and the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device 14 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0011] The circular connecting rod 15 located at the lower end of the fixed plate Ⅰ 17 is fixedly connected to the small hydraulic lifting control device 10, and the other end of the small hydraulic lifting control device 10 is fixedly and non-rotatably on the ground 9; the plane formed by the circular connecting rod 15 and the small hydraulic lifting control device 10 located at the lower end of the fixed plate Ⅰ 17 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0012] The hydraulic servo control system is fixed on the fixed plate Ⅰ 17 and is used to apply pressure to the slag-retaining side of the slag-retaining dam. The hydraulic servo control system can adjust the magnitude of the applied pressure; a pressure sensor 23 is installed on the hydraulic servo control system;

[0013] By jointly changing and fixing the horizontal height of the fixed plate Ⅰ 17 through the small hydraulic lifting control device 10, the small hydraulic tension control device 13 on the left side in the vertical direction and the small hydraulic tension control device 14 on the right side in the vertical direction, the stress position of the slag-retaining dam is changed and fixed;

[0014] By the telescoping of the small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 on the left side and the small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 on the right side in the horizontal direction, the included angle between the fixed plate Ⅰ 17 and the vertical plane is changed, so as to change the direction of the pressure applied to the slag-retaining dam.

[0015] Preferably, horizontal earth pressure cells 5 and vertical earth pressure cells 6 are arranged in the dam body 4 of the slag-retaining dam to respectively monitor the change of the vertical earth pressure in the dam body of the slag-retaining dam and the change of the earth pressure on the slope surface on the slag-retaining side of the dam body of the slag-retaining dam.

[0016] Preferably, the angle between the slag-retaining side of the slag-retaining dam body 4 and the horizontal plane is a right angle or an acute angle or an obtuse angle.

[0017] Preferably, a bearing plate 7 is further included. The bearing plate 7 is a steel plate with a rated thickness and covers the slag-retaining side of the slag-retaining dam to make the pressure on the slag-retaining side uniform.

[0018] Preferably, a reaction frame 8 is further included. The reaction frame 8 is fixedly connected to the ground 9 and provides fixed points for connection for the small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 on the left side in the horizontal direction, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 on the right side in the horizontal direction, the small hydraulic tension control device 13 on the left side in the vertical direction, the small hydraulic tension control device 14 on the right side in the vertical direction, and the small hydraulic lifting control device 10.

[0019] Preferably, the connection method between the fixed plate Ⅰ 17 and the circular connecting rod 15 is that a plurality of semi-circular rings 16 are installed on the side of the fixed plate Ⅰ 17, and the circular connecting rod 15 is nested in each semi-circular ring 16.

[0020] Preferably, a test box 1, a dam body displacement monitoring system, and a rainfall simulation system are further included. The test box 1 provides a manufacturing space for the dam body and provides an installation platform for the dam body displacement monitoring system and the rainfall simulation system; a left drainage port 2 and a right drainage port 3 are opened on one side of the test box 1.

[0021] Preferably, the dam displacement monitoring system and the rainfall simulation system are installed on the top of the model box, the connecting rod II 26 is installed on the test box, the laser displacement sensors 27 for monitoring the dam top and the laser displacement sensors 28 for monitoring the dam slope are distributed on the connecting rod II 26, and are used to monitor the displacements of the top and the slope of the slag retaining dam body; the sprinkler heads 29 for simulating rainfall are installed on the connecting rod II 26.

[0022] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating the stress and deformation of a slag retaining dam body by using the above simulation device, including the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Test preparation work, prepare the materials for the slag retaining dam body, the horizontal earth pressure cells 5 and the vertical earth pressure cells 6 for monitoring the internal soil, and the laser displacement sensors 27 for the dam top and the laser displacement sensors 28 for the dam slope and the sprinkler heads 29 required by the dam displacement monitoring system.

[0024] Step 2: Specimen production work, make multiple slag retaining dam bodies 4 with different slope ratios from the materials of the slag retaining dam body, including the slag retaining dam bodies with a right trapezoid and an isosceles trapezoid cross-sectional structure form; arrange the horizontal earth pressure cells 5 and the vertical earth pressure cells 6 in the slag retaining dam body 4.

[0025] Step 3: Instrument and equipment connection work, select a bearing plate 7 that matches the area of the slag retaining side of the slag retaining dam and install it; according to the slope ratio of the slag retaining side of the slag retaining dam body, control the force application adjustment system through the computer control system, adjust the hydraulic servo control system to an angle perpendicular to the plane of the slag retaining side of the slag retaining dam body, and make the connecting plate 25 at the end of the hydraulic servo control system fit the bearing plate 7; install the sprinkler heads 29, the laser displacement sensors 27 for the dam top and the laser displacement sensors 28 for the dam slope on the connecting rod II 26, and then fix the connecting rod II 26 on the test box 1.

[0026] Step 4: Instrument and equipment inspection work, check whether the pressure sensors 23 of the hydraulic servo control system, the small hydraulic lifting control device 10, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 on the left side of the horizontal direction, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 on the right side of the horizontal direction, the small hydraulic tension control device 13 on the left side of the vertical direction, the small hydraulic tension control device 14 on the right side of the vertical direction, the laser displacement sensors 27 for the dam top and the laser displacement sensors 28 for the dam slope are working normally through the computer control system. After there is no abnormality, proceed to the next step of the test.

[0027] Step 5: Start the test. Open the left drain port 2 and the right drain port 3 of the test box 1 to simulate the pressure on the slag retaining dam when rainwater drains as usual. First, when the connecting plate 25 at the end of the hydraulic servo control system just touches the bearing plate 7 on the slope of the slag-facing side of the dam body 4 of the slag retaining dam, zero the reading of the pressure sensor 23. Then, open the nozzle 29, and then adjust the telescopic rod 22 of the hydraulic servo control system through the computer control system to perform loading in a strain-controlled manner. Record the pressure applied to the slag-facing side dam body of the slag retaining dam and the displacement of the telescopic rod 22. The adjustment rate range of the telescopic rod 22 is 0.001 - 20 mm / min. Record the applied pressure F1, the displacement S1 of the telescopic rod 22, the displacement S2 at the top of the dam body, the displacement S3 of the dam slope, the reading F2 of the horizontal earth pressure cell 5, and the reading F3 of the vertical earth pressure cell 6. When the load-displacement curve of the applied pressure F1 and the displacement S1 of the telescopic rod 22 reaches the peak and tends to be stable, end the test. Take the peak point of the F1 - S1 curve as the failure criterion of the slag retaining dam, which indicates that the shear strength between the slag retaining dam and the foundation has been reached and overall sliding has occurred, that is, the slag retaining dam has failed. At the same time, record the data of S2, S3, F2, and F3 for subsequent analysis.

[0028] Step 6: Close the left drain port 2 and the right drain port 3 of the test box 1 to simulate the pressure on the slag retaining dam when rainwater accumulates. The remaining operations are the same as in Step 5.

[0029] Step 7: Repeat Steps 1 - 6 to simulate the stress failure states of the slag-facing side of the slag retaining dam body under different slope ratios.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The simulation device and test method of the present invention use the force application adjustment system, rainfall simulation system, and computer control system to work together to simulate the stress and deformation states of the slag-facing side of the slag retaining dam body under different rainfall conditions, with rainwater drained and not drained in a timely manner, and different slope ratios during the soil stacking process. The computer control system is used to achieve long-term intelligent monitoring, avoiding the cumbersome manual monitoring and recording of data, which is of great significance for studying the stress failure state of the dam body. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional view of a test device for simulating the stress and deformation of a slag retaining dam body during soil stacking according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional view of the test box according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional view of the slag retaining dam body according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional view of the bearing plate according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is the perspective view of the reaction frame of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is the perspective view of the force application and adjustment system of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 This is the perspective view of the hydraulic servo control system of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 This is the perspective view of the dam displacement monitoring system of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9 This is the rainfall simulation system of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 10 This is the computer control system of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 11 This is to simulate the stress state of the slag retaining dam with a slope angle of 60° on the side facing the slag of the present invention.

[0043] Reference numerals: test box 1, left drainage outlet of the test box 2, right drainage outlet of the test box 3, slag retaining dam body 4, horizontal earth pressure cell 5, vertical earth pressure cell 6, bearing plate 7, reaction frame 8, ground 9, small hydraulic lifting control device 10, small hydraulic push-pull control device on the left side horizontally 11, small hydraulic push-pull control device on the right side horizontally 12, small hydraulic tension control device on the left side vertically 13, small hydraulic tension control device on the right side vertically 14, circular connecting rod 15, semi-circular ring 16, fixing plate I 17, fixing plate II 18, universal ball head 19, fixing plate III 20, hydraulic servo controller 21, telescopic rod 22, pressure sensor 23, connecting rod I 24, connecting plate 25, connecting rod II 26, laser displacement sensor for monitoring the dam top 27, laser displacement sensor for monitoring the dam slope 28, nozzle 29, water pipe 30, water pump 31, water bucket 32, computer system 33, data transmission and reception line 34, oil pump 35. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other implementation manners obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative efforts belong to the scope protected by the present invention. Embodiment

[0045] The present invention provides a simulation device for testing the performance of a slag retaining dam, including a force application and adjustment system, and the force application and adjustment system can adjust one or more of the force application position, force application angle and force application magnitude of the slag retaining dam. The structure of the force application and adjustment system includes:

[0046] Fixing plate Ⅰ 17, and circular connecting rods 15 are connected to both the upper and lower ends of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17;

[0047] At both ends of the circular connecting rod 15 located at the upper end of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17, a horizontal left - hand small - type hydraulic push - pull control device 11 and a horizontal right - hand small - type hydraulic push - pull control device 12 are respectively and fixedly connected. The other ends of the horizontal left - hand small - type hydraulic push - pull control device 11 and the horizontal right - hand small - type hydraulic push - pull control device 12 are both rotatably connected and fixed to the reaction frame 8 through a fixing plate (II); The plane formed by the circular connecting rod 15, the horizontal left - hand small - type hydraulic push - pull control device 11, and the horizontal right - hand small - type hydraulic push - pull control device 12 located at the upper end of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17 and the horizontal plane forms an angle of 0 degrees or an acute angle;

[0048] On the circular connecting rod 15 located at the upper end of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17, a vertical left - hand small - type hydraulic tension control device 13 and a vertical right - hand small - type hydraulic tension control device 14 are also fixedly connected. The other ends of the vertical left - hand small - type hydraulic tension control device 13 and the vertical right - hand small - type hydraulic tension control device 14 are respectively rotatably connected and fixed to the reaction frame 8 through universal ball heads 19; The plane formed by the circular connecting rod 15, the vertical left - hand small - type hydraulic tension control device 13, and the vertical right - hand small - type hydraulic tension control device 14 located at the upper end of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0049] The circular connecting rod 15 located at the lower end of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17 is fixedly connected to a small - type hydraulic lifting control device 10, and the other end of the small - type hydraulic lifting control device 10 is fixedly connected to the ground 9 non - rotatably; The plane formed by the circular connecting rod 15 and the small - type hydraulic lifting control device 10 located at the lower end of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0050] The hydraulic servo control system is fixed on the fixing plate Ⅰ 17 and is used to apply pressure to the slag - retaining side of the slag - retaining dam. The hydraulic servo control system can adjust the magnitude of the applied pressure; A pressure sensor 23 is installed on the hydraulic servo control system;

[0051] By jointly changing and fixing the horizontal height of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17 through the small - type hydraulic lifting control device 10, the vertical left - hand small - type hydraulic tension control device 13, and the vertical right - hand small - type hydraulic tension control device 14, the stress position of the slag - retaining dam is changed and fixed;

[0052] By the telescoping of the left - hand small - type hydraulic push - pull control device 11 and the horizontal right - hand small - type hydraulic push - pull control device 12, the angle between the fixing plate Ⅰ 17 and the vertical plane is changed, thereby changing the direction of the pressure applied to the slag - retaining dam.

[0053] Horizontal earth pressure cells 5 and vertical earth pressure cells 6 are arranged in the slag retaining dam body 4 to respectively monitor the change of the vertical earth pressure in the slag retaining dam body and the change of the earth pressure on the slope surface of the slag retaining dam body on the side facing the slag.

[0054] The angle between the side of the slag retaining dam body 4 facing the slag and the horizontal plane is a right angle, an acute angle or an obtuse angle.

[0055] It also includes a bearing plate 7. The bearing plate 7 is a steel plate with a rated thickness and covers the side of the slag retaining dam facing the slag to make the pressure on the side facing the slag uniform.

[0056] It also includes a reaction frame 8. The reaction frame 8 is fixedly connected to the ground 9 and provides fixed points for connecting the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device 11, the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device 12, the vertical left small hydraulic tension control device 13, the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device 14, and the small hydraulic lifting control device 10.

[0057] The connection method between the fixing plate Ⅰ 17 and the circular connecting rod 15 is that a plurality of semi-circular rings 16 are installed on the side of the fixing plate Ⅰ 17, and the circular connecting rod 15 is nested in each semi-circular ring 16.

[0058] It also includes a test box 1, a dam body displacement monitoring system, and a rainfall simulation system. The test box 1 provides a manufacturing space for the dam body and an installation platform for the dam body displacement monitoring system and the rainfall simulation system; a left drainage port 2 and a right drainage port 3 are opened on one side of the test box 1.

[0059] The dam body displacement monitoring system and the rainfall simulation system are installed on the top of the model box. The connecting rod Ⅱ 26 is installed on the model box. The laser displacement sensors 27 for monitoring the dam top and the laser displacement sensors 28 for monitoring the dam slope are distributed on the connecting rod Ⅱ 26 to monitor the displacement of the top and the slope surface of the slag retaining dam body; the sprinkler heads 29 for simulating rainfall are installed on the connecting rod Ⅱ 26.

[0060] The structure of the present device will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification. As Figures 1-11 shown, it includes a test box, a slag retaining dam body, a bearing plate, a reaction frame, a force application adjustment system, a hydraulic servo control system, a dam body displacement monitoring system, a rainfall simulation system, and a computer control system.

[0061] As Figure 1 , the overall three-dimensional view of the test device for simulating the stress and deformation of the slag retaining dam.

[0062] As Figure 2, The test box 1 is made of steel plates with a certain thickness and spliced by bolts. The top of the test box is open, and the other five sides are closed. The test box mainly provides a manufacturing space for the slag retaining dam body with different cross-section forms and an installation platform for the dam body displacement monitoring system and the rainfall simulation system. At the same time, a left drainage port 2 and a right drainage port 3 are opened on one side of the test box 1 to control the discharge of rainwater. Opening the drainage ports 2 and 3 simulates the discharge of rainwater, closing the drainage ports 2 and 3 simulates that the rainwater cannot be discharged in time, and adjusting the drainage ports 2 and 3 simulates the speed of rainwater discharge.

[0063] As Figure 3 , the slag retaining dam body 4 is a dam body structure with a right angle between the slag-facing side and the horizontal plane (the cross-section is a right trapezoid), and it can be made into the structural form of a slag retaining dam with different slope ratios on the slag-facing side according to the actual project (the cross-section is similar to an isosceles trapezoid, as Figure 11 shown).

[0064] As Figure 4 , the bearing plate 7 is a rectangular steel plate with a certain thickness, and the bearing plate can be replaced according to the structural form of the slag retaining dam with different slope ratios. The bearing plate 7 is connected to the connecting plate 25 of the hydraulic servo control system. At the beginning of the test, first, the computer control system is used to make the connecting plate 25 contact with the slag-facing side of the slag retaining dam, so that the upper pressure on the slag-facing side of the slag retaining dam is evenly distributed.

[0065] As Figure 5 , the reaction frame 8 is spliced by high-strength steel sections and connected by bolts. At the same time, it is connected to the ground 9 to ensure its overall stability, and at the same time provides an operation platform for the force application adjustment system and ensures the stable operation of the force application adjustment system.

[0066] As Figure 6, the force application adjustment system consists of 4 vertical small hydraulic lifting control devices 10, a horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device 11, a horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device 12, a vertical left small hydraulic tension control device 13, a vertical right small hydraulic tension control device 14, a circular connecting rod 15, a semi-circular ring 16, a fixing plate I 17, a fixing plate II 18, and a universal ball head 19 to form the force application adjustment system. Among them, the 4 vertical small hydraulic lifting control devices 10 are connected to the ground 9, and the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 and the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 are connected to the fixing plate II 18 and fixed on the reaction frame 8 with bolts to ensure stability. The vertical left small hydraulic tension control device 13 and the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device 14 are connected to the universal ball head 19 and fixed on the reaction frame 8 with bolts to ensure stability. The fixing plate I 17 is controlled by the small hydraulic lifting control device 10 and the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device 11, the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device 12, the vertical left small hydraulic tension control device 13, and the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device 14 to make it form different angles with the horizontal plane.

[0067] As Figure 7 , the hydraulic servo control system consists of a fixing plate III 20, a hydraulic servo controller 21, a telescopic rod 22, a pressure sensor 23, a connecting rod I 24, and a connecting plate 25, and is used to control the output and recording of pressure.

[0068] As Figure 8 , the dam displacement monitoring system consists of a connecting rod II 26, a laser displacement sensor 27 for monitoring the dam top, and a laser displacement sensor 28 for monitoring the dam slope, and is used to monitor the displacement of the dam top and the dam slope.

[0069] As Figure 9 , the rainfall simulation system consists of a connecting rod II 26, a sprinkler head 29, a water pipe 30, a water pump 31, and a water bucket 32, and is used to control the magnitude of the rainfall intensity and simulate the rainfall situation.

[0070] As Figure 10 , the computer control system consists of a computer system 33, a data transmission and reception line 34, and an oil pump 35, and is used to control the force application adjustment system, the hydraulic servo control system, and the dam displacement monitoring system, and is also used for the output and storage of test results.

[0071] As Figure 11 , it is a schematic diagram of the stress state when simulating the angle of the slag retaining side slope of the slag retaining dam is 60°. Embodiment

[0072] The specific steps of the experiment of the present invention are as follows:

[0073] 1. Experimental steps without rainfall

[0074] Step 1: Test preparation work. Prepare the materials for the slag retaining dam body, and check whether the horizontal earth pressure cells 5, vertical earth pressure cells 6 inside the monitored soil mass, the dam top laser displacement sensor 27 and the dam slope laser displacement sensor 28 required for the dam body displacement monitoring system can be used normally. If damaged, new monitoring components should be replaced in time.

[0075] Step 2: Specimen production work. Make the slag retaining dam body 4 with different cross-sectional structural forms from the materials of the slag retaining dam body according to the actual situation. At the same time, according to the slope ratio and height of the dam body, it is filled in 4 layers. After the first layer is filled, the horizontal earth pressure cell 5 and the vertical earth pressure cell 6 are arranged. And so on, the horizontal earth pressure cell 5 and the vertical earth pressure cell 6 are arranged after each layer is filled. The schematic diagram after the arrangement is as Figure 3 shown. Then, connect the connecting wires of the sensors of the earth pressure cells to the computer system 33 for monitoring the evolution law of the earth pressure inside the dam body.

[0076] Step 3: Instrument and equipment connection work. Select a bearing plate 7 suitable for the cross-sectional structural form of the slag retaining dam body 4, and then connect the bearing plate 7 to the connecting plate 25 of the hydraulic servo control system; according to the slope ratio of the slag retaining side of the dam body, control the force application adjustment system through the computer control system, and then use the force application adjustment system to adjust the hydraulic servo control system to an angle perpendicular to the slope surface of the slag retaining side of the dam body; connect the dam top laser displacement sensor 27 and the dam slope laser displacement sensor 28 to the connecting rod II 26, and then fix them on the test box 1 with bolts for monitoring the displacement of the dam top and the dam slope.

[0077] Step 4: Instrument and equipment inspection work. Check whether components such as the pressure sensor 23 of the hydraulic servo control system, the small hydraulic lifting control device 10, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 on the left side horizontally, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 on the right side horizontally, the small hydraulic tension control device 13 on the left side vertically, the small hydraulic tension control device 14 on the right side vertically, the dam top laser displacement sensor 27, the dam slope laser displacement sensor 28, the horizontal earth pressure cell 5 and the vertical earth pressure cell 6 are working normally through the computer control system.

[0078] Step 5: Start the test. The test starts on the condition that all the above steps 1 - 4 are completed without any abnormalities. First, extend the telescopic rod 22 of the hydraulic servo control system through the computer control system. After the bearing plate 7 contacts the slope on the slag - retaining side of the slag - retaining dam body 4, zero the pressure sensor 23. Then, apply pressure to the dam body in a strain - control mode (the rate can be selected from 0.001 to 20 mm / min), and record the applied pressure F1, the displacement S1 of the telescopic rod 22, the displacement S2 at the top of the dam body, the displacement S3 of the dam slope, the reading F2 of the horizontal earth pressure cell 5, and the reading F3 of the vertical earth pressure cell 6. End the test when the load - displacement curve of the applied pressure F1 and the displacement S1 of the telescopic rod 22 reaches the peak and tends to be stable. Take the peak point of the F1 - S1 curve as the failure criterion of the slag - retaining dam. At this time, it indicates that the shear strength between the slag - retaining dam and the foundation is reached, and overall sliding has occurred, that is, the slag - retaining dam has failed. At the same time, record the data of S2, S3, F2, and F3 for subsequent analysis;

[0079] Step 6: Repeat steps 1 - 5 to simulate the stress failure states of the slag - retaining dam body on the slag - retaining side with different slope ratios under non - rainfall conditions, and reveal the stress - deformation law.

[0080] 2. Test steps when rainwater drains out

[0081] Step 1: Test preparation work. Prepare the materials for the slag - retaining dam body, and check whether the horizontal earth pressure cell 5, the vertical earth pressure cell 6 inside the monitored soil body, the laser displacement sensor 27 at the top of the dam and the laser displacement sensor 28 on the dam slope required for the dam body displacement monitoring system, the nozzle 29, the water pipe 30, the water pump 31, and the water bucket 32 in the rainfall simulation system can be used normally. If damaged, replace the new monitoring components in time.

[0082] Step 2: Specimen production work. Make the slag - retaining dam body 4 with different cross - section structural forms from the materials of the slag - retaining dam body according to the actual situation. At the same time, according to the slope ratio and height of the dam body, fill it in 4 layers. After the first layer is filled, arrange the horizontal earth pressure cell 5 and the vertical earth pressure cell 6. And so on, arrange the horizontal earth pressure cell 5 and the vertical earth pressure cell 6 after each layer is filled. The schematic diagram after the arrangement is as shown in Figure 3 the figure. Then connect the connecting wires of the sensors of the earth pressure cells to the computer system 33 for monitoring the evolution law of the earth pressure inside the dam body.

[0083] Step 3: Connect the instruments and equipment. Select a bearing plate 7 that is suitable for the cross-sectional structure of the slag retaining dam body 4, and then connect the bearing plate 7 to the connecting plate 25 of the hydraulic servo control system. According to the slope ratio of the slag retaining side of the slag retaining dam body, control the force application adjustment system through the computer control system, and then use the force application adjustment system to adjust the hydraulic servo control system to an angle perpendicular to the slag retaining side slope of the slag retaining dam body. Connect the dam top laser displacement sensor 27 and the dam slope laser displacement sensor 28 to the connecting rod II 26, and then fix them on the test box 1 with bolts for monitoring the displacements of the dam top and the dam slope. Connect the nozzle 29 to the water pipe 30 and fix it to the test box 1 through the connecting rod II 26, and then connect the water pipe 30 to the water pump 31 and the water bucket 32.

[0084] Step 4: Check the instruments and equipment. Check whether components such as the pressure sensor 23 of the hydraulic servo control system, the small hydraulic lifting control device 10, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 on the left side horizontally, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 on the right side horizontally, the small hydraulic tension control device 13 on the left side vertically, the small hydraulic tension control device 14 on the right side vertically, the dam top laser displacement sensor 27, the dam slope laser displacement sensor 28, the horizontal earth pressure cell 5, and the vertical earth pressure cell 6 are working properly through the computer control system, and open the left drainage port 2 and the right drainage port 3 of the test box 1.

[0085] Step 5: Start the test. Start the test under the condition that all the above steps 1-4 are completed without abnormalities. First, extend the telescopic rod 22 of the hydraulic servo control system through the computer control system. After the bearing plate 7 contacts the slag retaining side slope of the slag retaining dam body 4, zero the pressure sensor 23. Then turn on the water pump 31 of the rainfall simulation system, turn on the nozzle 29 to simulate rainfall, and then apply pressure to the dam body in a strain control mode (the rate can be selected from 0.001 to 20 mm / min), and record the applied pressure F1, the displacement S1 of the telescopic rod 22, the displacement S2 of the dam top, the displacement S3 of the dam slope, the reading F2 of the horizontal earth pressure cell 5, and the reading F3 of the vertical earth pressure cell 6. When the load-displacement curve of the applied pressure F1 and the displacement S1 of the telescopic rod 22 reaches the peak and tends to be stable, end the test, and take the peak point of the F1-S1 curve as the standard for the failure of the slag retaining dam. At this time, it indicates that the shear strength between the slag retaining dam and the foundation has been reached, and overall sliding has occurred, that is, the slag retaining dam has failed. At the same time, record the data of S2, S3, F2, and F3 for subsequent analysis.

[0086] Step 6: Repeat steps 1-5 to simulate the stress failure states of the slag retaining side of the slag retaining dam body under different slope ratios under the condition of rainfall drainage, and reveal the stress and deformation laws.

[0087] 3. Test steps when the rainfall water cannot be drained in time

[0088] Step 1: Test preparation work. Prepare the materials for the sediment retaining dam body, and check whether the horizontal earth pressure cells 5, vertical earth pressure cells 6, the laser displacement sensor 27 at the dam top and the laser displacement sensor 28 on the dam slope required by the dam body displacement monitoring system, the nozzle 29, water pipe 30, water pump 31, and water bucket 32 in the rainfall simulation system can be used normally. If damaged, new monitoring components should be replaced in time.

[0089] Step 2: Specimen production work. Make the sediment retaining dam body 4 with different cross-sectional structural forms from the sediment retaining dam body materials according to the actual situation. At the same time, according to the slope ratio and height of the dam body, it is filled in 4 layers. After the first layer is filled, the horizontal earth pressure cell 5 and the vertical earth pressure cell 6 are arranged. And so on, the horizontal earth pressure cell 5 and the vertical earth pressure cell 6 are arranged after each layer is filled. The schematic diagram after the arrangement is as shown in Figure 3 the figure. Then connect the connecting wires of the sensors of the earth pressure cells to the computer system 33 for monitoring the evolution law of the earth pressure inside the dam body.

[0090] Step 3: Instrument and equipment connection work. Select a bearing plate 7 suitable for the cross-sectional structural form of the sediment retaining dam body 4, and then connect the bearing plate 7 to the connecting plate 25 of the hydraulic servo control system; according to the slope ratio of the sediment retaining side of the dam body, control the force application adjustment system through the computer control system, and then use the force application adjustment system to adjust the hydraulic servo control system to an angle perpendicular to the slope surface of the sediment retaining side of the dam body; connect the laser displacement sensor 27 at the dam top and the laser displacement sensor 28 on the dam slope to the connecting rod II 26, and then fix them on the test box 1 with bolts for monitoring the displacement of the dam top and the dam slope; connect the nozzle 29 to the water pipe 30 and fix it to the test box 1 through the connecting rod II 26, and then connect the water pipe 30 to the water pump 31 and the water bucket 32.

[0091] Step 4: Instrument and equipment inspection work. Check whether components such as the pressure sensor 23 of the hydraulic servo control system, the small hydraulic lifting control device 10, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 11 on the left side horizontally, the small hydraulic push-pull control device 12 on the right side horizontally, the small hydraulic tension control device 13 on the left side vertically, the small hydraulic tension control device 14 on the right side vertically, the laser displacement sensor 27 at the dam top and the laser displacement sensor 28 on the dam slope, the horizontal earth pressure cell 5 and the vertical earth pressure cell 6 are working properly through the computer control system, and close the left drainage port 2 and the right drainage port 3 of the test box 1.

[0092] Step 5: Start the test. The test shall be started on the condition that all the above steps 1-4 have been completed without any abnormality. First, extend the telescopic rod 22 of the hydraulic servo control system through the computer control system. After the bearing plate 7 contacts the slope on the slag-retaining side of the dam body 4, zero the pressure sensor 23. Then turn on the water pump 31 of the rainfall simulation system and turn on the nozzle 29 to simulate rainfall. Finally, apply pressure to the dam body in a strain control mode (the rate can be selected from 0.001 to 20 mm / min), and record the applied pressure F1, the displacement S1 of the telescopic rod 22, the displacement S2 at the top of the dam body, the displacement S3 of the dam slope, the reading F2 of the horizontal earth pressure cell 5, and the reading F3 of the vertical earth pressure cell 6. When the load-displacement curve of the applied pressure F1 and the displacement S1 of the telescopic rod 22 reaches the peak and tends to be stable, end the test. Take the peak point of the F1-S1 curve as the standard for the failure of the slag-retaining dam. At this time, it indicates that the shear strength between the slag-retaining dam and the foundation has been reached and overall sliding has occurred, that is, the slag-retaining dam has failed. At the same time, record the data of S2, S3, F2, and F3 for subsequent analysis;

[0093] Step 6: Repeat steps 1-5 to simulate the stress failure state of the slag-retaining dam body on the slag-retaining side under different slope ratios when the rainfall cannot be drained in time, and reveal the stress and deformation law.

[0094] The above specific embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Any modification and change made to the present invention within the scope of the gist and claims of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the stress and deformation of a sediment retaining dam body, characterized in that, Including a force application adjustment system, the force application adjustment system can adjust one or more of the force application position, force application angle, and force application magnitude of the slag retaining dam. The structure of the force application adjustment system includes: Fixing plate I (17), semi-circular rings (16) are connected to both the upper and lower ends of the fixing plate I (17), and a circular connecting rod (15) passes through the semi-circular rings (16); Both ends of the circular connecting rod (15) at the upper end of the fixing plate I (17) are respectively fixedly connected to a horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device (11) and a horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device (12). The other ends of the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device (11) and the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device (12) are respectively rotatably connected and fixed to the reaction frame (8) through the fixing plate (II); The plane formed by the circular connecting rod (15), the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device (11), and the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device (12) at the upper end of the fixing plate I (17) forms an angle of 0 degrees or an acute angle with the horizontal plane; A vertical left small hydraulic tension control device (13) and a vertical right small hydraulic tension control device (14) are also fixedly connected to the circular connecting rod (15) at the upper end of the fixing plate I (17). The other ends of the vertical left small hydraulic tension control device (13) and the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device (14) are respectively rotatably connected and fixed to the reaction frame (8) through the universal ball head (19); The plane formed by the circular connecting rod (15), the vertical left small hydraulic tension control device (13), and the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device (14) at the upper end of the fixing plate I (17) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; The circular connecting rod (15) at the lower end of the fixing plate I (17) is fixedly connected to a small hydraulic lifting control device (10), and the other end of the small hydraulic lifting control device (10) is fixedly connected to the ground (9) non-rotatably; The plane formed by the circular connecting rod (15) and the small hydraulic lifting control device (10) at the lower end of the fixing plate I (17) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; The hydraulic servo control system is fixed on the fixing plate I (17) and is used to apply pressure to the slag-facing side of the slag retaining dam body. The hydraulic servo control system can adjust the magnitude of the applied pressure; A pressure sensor (23) is installed on the hydraulic servo control system; The horizontal height of the fixing plate I (17) is jointly changed and fixed by the small hydraulic lifting control device (10), the vertical left small hydraulic tension control device (13), and the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device (14), so as to change and fix the force application position of the slag retaining dam; The angle between the fixing plate I (17) and the vertical plane is changed by the telescoping of the left small hydraulic push-pull control device (11) and the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device (12), so as to change the direction of the pressure applied to the slag-facing side of the slag retaining dam body; It also includes a bearing plate (7), which covers the slag-facing side of the slag retaining dam.

2. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Horizontal earth pressure cells (5) and vertical earth pressure cells (6) are arranged inside the slag retaining dam body (4) to respectively monitor the change of the vertical earth pressure inside the slag retaining dam body and the change of the earth pressure on the slope surface of the slag retaining dam body on the side facing the slag.

3. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the side of the slag retaining dam body (4) facing the slag and the horizontal plane is a right angle, an acute angle or an obtuse angle.

4. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing plate (7) is a steel plate with a rated thickness.

5. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a reaction frame (8), which is fixedly connected to the ground (9) and provides fixed points for connecting the horizontal left small hydraulic push-pull control device (11), the horizontal right small hydraulic push-pull control device (12), the vertical left small hydraulic tension control device (13), the vertical right small hydraulic tension control device (14), and the small hydraulic lifting control device (10).

6. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection method between the fixing plate I (17) and the circular connecting rod (15) is that a plurality of semi-circular rings (16) are installed on the side of the fixing plate I (17), and the circular connecting rod (15) is nested in each semi-circular ring (16).

7. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a test box (1), a dam body displacement monitoring system, and a rainfall simulation system. The test box (1) provides a manufacturing space for the dam body and an installation platform for the dam body displacement monitoring system and the rainfall simulation system; a left drainage port (2) and a right drainage port (3) are opened on one side of the test box (1).

8. The test device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dam body displacement monitoring system and the rainfall simulation system are installed on the top of the test box (1). The connecting rod II (26) is installed on the model box. The laser displacement sensors (27) for monitoring the dam top and the laser displacement sensors (28) for monitoring the dam slope are distributed on the connecting rod II (26) and are used to monitor the displacement of the top of the slag retaining dam body and the slope surface of the slag retaining dam body; the sprinkler heads (29) for simulating rainfall are installed on the connecting rod II (26).

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