A method for near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia nut trees

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia nut trees. The method includes the following steps: (1) preparing a cultivation substrate, then composting a portion of the cultivation substrate into a mature substrate, and using the other portion as raw substrate; (2) clearing away fallen leaves and debris under the macadamia nut trees, leveling the understory land and drying it, then creating a fungal bed in the tree basin of each macadamia nut tree, and digging drainage ditches around each fungal bed; the flat upper surface of the fungal bed is the raised bed surface; (3) soaking the raw substrate from step (1) in water and spreading it on the raised bed surface to form a raw substrate layer; then using the mature substrate from step (1) to lay a mature substrate layer on top of the raw substrate layer. When using the method provided in this invention to cultivate bamboo fungus, the yield of bamboo fungus is relatively stable, and the recycling of agricultural waste is realized, improving economic and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology. Specifically, it is a method for near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia nut trees. Background Technology

[0002] Bamboo fungus (Dictyophora indusiata), also known as bamboo shoot or bamboo ginseng, belongs to the genus Dictyophora in the family Phallaceae. It is a cryptogamic fungus that parasitizes the roots of dead bamboo. Common and edible varieties include long-skirt bamboo fungus, short-skirt bamboo fungus, spiny-stemmed bamboo fungus, and red-stemmed bamboo fungus. Bamboo fungus has unique morphological characteristics: a dark green cap, a snow-white cylindrical stalk, a pinkish egg-shaped volva, and a delicate, white reticulated skirt, hence it is called "Snow-Skirt Fairy," "Flower of Mountain Delicacies," "Flower of Fungi," and "Queen of Fungi." Bamboo fungus is rich in nutrients, has a strong aroma, and a delicious taste, and has been listed as one of the "Eight Treasures of Herbs" since ancient times.

[0003] The young basidiospores of bamboo fungus are spherical with three layers: a thin, smooth outer layer, a gelatinous middle layer, and a tough, fleshy inner layer. When mature, the layers split open, and the stipe pushes out from under the cap. The stipe is hollow and its surface is composed of spongy pores. The cap is bell-shaped with an uneven surface densely covered with basidiospores. Beneath the cap is a white, reticulated veil that hangs down like a skirt. Bamboo fungus is mostly found in hot and humid regions, obtaining nutrients by decomposing organic matter from dead bamboo. In artificial cultivation, its nutritional needs can be met using sawdust, various crop straws, and small amounts of inorganic salts.

[0004] Bamboo fungus is extremely rich in amino acids, especially glutamic acid, which accounts for 1.76%, giving it a delicious flavor. The fruiting body of bamboo fungus is crisp, tender, sweet, and flavorful, making it a renowned delicacy at banquets. Furthermore, bamboo fungus has high medicinal value; its fruiting body contains various enzymes and high-molecular-weight polysaccharides that can enhance the body's resistance to tumor cells, exhibiting good anti-cancer effects.

[0005] Bamboo fungus can now be cultivated artificially, but its cultivation faces several challenges, including difficulty in environmental control, complex culture medium, and a long and unstable growth cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a method for near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia nut forests by utilizing high and low fungal beds to regulate the water environment for bamboo fungus growth. When bamboo fungus is cultivated using this method, the yield is relatively stable, and agricultural waste is recycled, thereby improving both economic and ecological benefits.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia nut trees includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Prepare the cultivation substrate, and then pile up and ferment a portion of the cultivation substrate into cooked material, while using the other portion of the cultivation substrate as raw material;

[0010] (2) Clear away the fallen leaves and debris under the macadamia nut trees, level the ground under the trees and turn it over to dry. Then make a mushroom bed in the base of each macadamia nut tree and dig a drainage ditch around each mushroom bed. The flat upper surface of the mushroom bed is the ridge surface.

[0011] (3) Soak the raw material in step (1) in water and spread it on the bed surface to form a raw material layer; then use the cooked material in step (1) to lay a cooked material layer on top of the raw material layer, and the upper surface of the cooked material layer is the sowing surface;

[0012] (4) Sow bamboo fungus on the sowing surface obtained in step (3), and cover the sowing surface with cooked material, soil and covering material in sequence after sowing;

[0013] (5) Make ventilation holes on both sides of the mushroom bed, with the bottom of the ventilation hole at the same height as the sowing surface; then carry out field management until the fruiting bodies mature and are harvested.

[0014] In step (2), the mycelium beds in the basin of each macadamia tree are divided into low-ridge beds and high-ridge beds according to their ridge height, with the low-ridge beds sandwiched between two parallel high-ridge beds. The temperature and humidity in the basin area of ​​the macadamia tree are suitable for the growth of bamboo fungus. Through the design of high and low mycelium beds, moisture difference control is achieved, ensuring a portion of the bamboo fungus yield even under conditions of water shortage or excessive rainfall, thus making the yield more stable.

[0015] The above-mentioned method for near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia trees involves preparing the cultivation substrate in step (1) as follows: 95 parts by weight of sawdust, 4 parts by weight of macadamia shells, and 1 part by weight of light calcium carbonate are weighed, mixed evenly with water to obtain the cultivation substrate; the moisture content of the prepared cultivation substrate is 60wt% to 65wt%. Using macadamia shells to make the cultivation substrate for bamboo fungus can effectively reduce the production cost of the cultivation substrate. After harvesting the bamboo fungus, the remaining cultivation substrate can be used as fertilizer for macadamia trees, realizing material recycling, reducing material waste, and obtaining higher economic and ecological benefits.

[0016] In the above-mentioned method of near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia forest, in step (1), 60wt% of the cultivation substrate is piled up and fermented into cooked material, and 40wt% of the cultivation substrate is used as raw material; during the pile fermentation, the pile height is 1.5 meters, and the pile is turned over every 15 days, and the fermentation time is 45 to 60 days; after the pile fermentation is completed, mycelial growth nutrient solution is added to the obtained cooked material, and the volume / mass ratio of the added mycelial growth nutrient solution to the cooked material is 4 to 7 mL / kg.

[0017] In the above-mentioned near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia trees, in step (2), the height of the ridges for the fungal beds in the basin area of ​​each macadamia tree is within the range of 10-20 cm, and the width of the ridges is within the range of 70-90 cm. The height difference between the low-ridge and high-ridge fungal beds is 6-8 cm; the minimum distance between the fungal beds and the trunk of the macadamia tree is greater than or equal to 45 cm. When the height difference of the ridges exceeds this range, the moisture content of the high-ridge and low-ridge fungal beds differs significantly, which is not conducive to unified field management and also not conducive to the purpose of stabilizing the yield of bamboo fungus by using both high and low-ridge fungal beds. Within an area with a diameter of 45 cm centered on the trunk, a large number of macadamia tree roots are distributed within 20 cm below the soil surface. Digging soil in this area to make fungal beds may damage the root system of the macadamia trees.

[0018] In the above-mentioned near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia trees, in step (2), each macadamia tree's basin area has 4 low-ridge fungal beds and 8 high-ridge fungal beds. One end of each fungal bed is close to the trunk of the macadamia tree, and the other end extends away from the trunk to the boundary of the macadamia tree's basin. The fungal beds are arranged in a cross shape around the outer perimeter of the macadamia tree trunk. The ridge height of the low-ridge fungal beds is 14 cm, and the ridge height of the high-ridge fungal beds is 20 cm. The ridge width of each fungal bed is 70 cm. This distribution of fungal beds is beneficial for meeting the bamboo fungus's needs for humus, shade, and water. It also facilitates the macadamia tree's absorption of the remaining cultivation substrate after bamboo fungus cultivation and makes field management easier.

[0019] In the above-mentioned method of near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia trees, in step (3), the thickness of the raw material layer is 10 cm and the thickness of the cooked material layer is 10 cm.

[0020] In the above-mentioned method of near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia forest, in step (4), bamboo fungus spawn is sown in rows along the extension direction of the fungal bed, with 1.5 kg of bamboo fungus spawn sown per square meter of sowing surface; the thickness of the cooked material covering the sowing surface is 2-4 cm, and the thickness of the soil covering is 1-2 cm.

[0021] The covering soil consists of loose humus soil and / or forest topsoil with a moisture content of 20wt% to 25wt%; the covering material consists of rice straw, wheat straw and / or straw mats.

[0022] In the above-described method of near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia nut trees, in step (5), two rows of ventilation holes are drilled on each side of each fungal bed along its extension direction. The openings of the two rows of ventilation holes are parallel to each other and staggered. In each row of ventilation holes, the diameter of a single hole is 3-5 cm, and the distance between two adjacent holes is 15-20 cm. Drilling ventilation holes on both sides of the fungal bed ensures sufficient oxygen at the location of the bamboo fungus in the center of the fungal bed and prevents the fungus from being damaged by overheating in the center of the fungal bed.

[0023] In the above-mentioned method of near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia trees, in step (5), the height of the vent on the far side is equal to the height of the sowing surface, and the height of the vent on the near side is h = H - (d × sinθ) / 10, where H is the height of the bed surface, d is the width of the bed surface, and θ is equal to the slope angle of the side of the fungus bed with vents, and 45° ≤ θ ≤ 90°. The row of vents on the far side is parallel to the sowing surface, and the row of vents on the near side is inclined downwards. This is conducive to air circulation and can take into account the cultivation needs of oxygenation, cooling and control of evaporation. When the vent height of the near side vents is determined according to this formula, the inclination of the near side vents is more suitable and the heat dissipation effect is better.

[0024] In the above-mentioned method of near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia trees, during step (5) of field management, the temperature of the cultivation substrate in the substrate is controlled at 13-28℃ during the mycelial growth stage; the moisture content of the cultivation substrate in the substrate is controlled at 65wt%-70wt% and the relative humidity of the air is controlled at 75%-95% during the fruiting stage; and the surface temperature of the substrate is controlled at 20-32℃ during the fruiting stage.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0026] 1. This invention proposes an innovative method for near-natural intercropping of bamboo fungus under macadamia nut trees. This method effectively integrates edible fungi cultivation with macadamia nut forest management, maximizing the utilization of land resources. By preparing a cultivation substrate composed of macadamia nut shells, sawdust, and light calcium carbonate, and combining the rational use of mature and raw materials, a staggered substrate structure is constructed to ensure the necessary moisture, temperature, and ventilation conditions for bamboo fungus growth, ultimately achieving high and stable yields. This method helps solve the environmental control challenges in artificial cultivation. Through the design of raised beds, natural gravity and soil capillary action are utilized to maintain stable substrate moisture content, thus ensuring stable bamboo fungus yields even during occasional water shortages or excessive rainfall. Furthermore, this method fully considers the symbiotic relationship between macadamia trees and bamboo fungus, avoiding damage to tree roots. Simultaneously, the remaining substrate can be absorbed by the trees as fertilizer, achieving ecological recycling.

[0027] 2. The layout of the ventilation holes on both sides of the fungal bed in this invention ensures uniform and sufficient air circulation inside the fungal bed, allowing the bamboo fungus mycelium to obtain sufficient oxygen during its growth, promoting its respiration, and thus improving the activity and growth rate of the mycelium. Good ventilation conditions can also effectively reduce the temperature inside the fungal bed, which is of great significance for maintaining a suitable and stable growth environment for bamboo fungus.

[0028] 3. The staggered bed design in this invention allows for moisture differences between beds at different heights when receiving natural rainfall or artificial irrigation. Beds with lower elevations are more prone to water accumulation due to their lower position, while beds with higher elevations are relatively drier. By controlling the difference in bed height, the moisture difference is kept within a reasonable range, ensuring the yield of bamboo fungus under normal conditions while providing a certain margin of error in water management. That is, even if water management errors occur, some beds can still maintain a high yield level, thus maintaining the stability of the overall yield.

[0029] 4. The present invention uses macadamia nut shells to make a cultivation substrate for bamboo fungus, which can effectively reduce the production cost of the cultivation substrate. After harvesting bamboo fungus, the remaining cultivation substrate can be used as fertilizer for macadamia nut trees, realizing material recycling, reducing material waste, and obtaining high economic and ecological benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the distribution of the fungal beds in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Example 1

[0032] In this embodiment, bamboo fungus is intercropped in a macadamia nut forest according to the following method:

[0033] (1) Preparation of cultivation substrate. Bamboo fungus mainly utilizes sawdust and wood shavings as cultivation substrates. Large-scale cultivation of bamboo fungus requires a large quantity of materials, which should be collected and stored in advance for later use. In this embodiment, the raw materials used for the cultivation substrate are 95 parts by weight of sawdust, 4 parts by weight of macadamia nut shells, and 1 part by weight of light calcium carbonate. The dried raw materials are mixed with water to obtain the cultivation substrate. The amount of water added should be such that the final moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 60wt%–65wt%.

[0034] After the cultivation substrate is prepared, it is divided into two parts according to their respective weight percentages: 60 wt% and 40 wt%. The 60 wt% portion is used for composting and fermentation to become mature substrate, while the 40 wt% portion is used as raw substrate. During composting, the substrate is piled up to a height of 1.5 meters, with no limit on the length of the pile. The pile is turned over every 15 days, and the fermentation time is 45–60 days. When fermentation is successful, the pile should be soft and brown, indicating that it has become mature substrate. Mycelial growth nutrient solution is then added to the mature substrate. Commercially available mycelial growth nutrient solution can be used, with a volume / mass ratio of 5 mL / kg of mycelial growth nutrient solution to mature substrate.

[0035] (2) Site preparation. The cultivation area for bamboo fungus is concentrated only in the macadamia tree basin and surrounding area. When carrying out this step, first clear away the fallen leaves and other debris under the macadamia grove, level the ground under the grove and turn it over to dry. Make a fungus bed in the basin of each macadamia tree (the flat upper surface of the fungus bed is the ridge surface). After the fungus bed is made, dig drainage ditches around each fungus bed.

[0036] In this embodiment, 12 mushroom beds are set up in the tree basin area. These 12 mushroom beds are divided into 4 low-ridge mushroom beds and 8 high-ridge mushroom beds according to the height of the ridge surface. Each low-ridge mushroom bed is sandwiched between two parallel high-ridge mushroom beds, that is, these three mushroom beds are parallel to each other. One end of each mushroom bed is close to the trunk of the macadamia tree, with a distance of 50 cm between the mushroom bed and the trunk, and the other end extends away from the trunk to the boundary of the macadamia tree basin. The mushroom beds are arranged in a cross shape. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the circles represent the trunks of macadamia trees, the shaded diagonal lines represent high-ridge mushroom beds, and the dotted shading represents low-ridge mushroom beds.

[0037] In this embodiment, the height of the low-ridge mushroom beds is 14 cm, and the height of the high-ridge mushroom beds is 20 cm. The width of each mushroom bed is 70 cm, and the sides of the mushroom beds are sloping with a slope angle of 75°. In other embodiments, the height of each mushroom bed is in the range of 10-20 cm, the width is in the range of 70-90 cm, the height difference between the low-ridge and high-ridge mushroom beds is 6-8 cm, the length of the mushroom bed is limited to reaching the boundary of the macadamia tree's trellis, and the slope angle of the sides of the mushroom bed should be greater than or equal to 45° and less than or equal to 90°.

[0038] Dictyophora indusiata prefers an environment with a lot of dead leaves and branches and a thick humus layer in the tree disk. The distance between the mushroom bed and the tree trunk should be as close as possible so that a larger area of mushroom bed can be arranged in the tree disk with a thick humus layer. However, the minimum distance between the mushroom bed and the tree trunk should not be less than 45 cm. This is because within the area with a diameter of 45 cm centered on the tree trunk, a large number of roots of Macadamia integrifolia are distributed within 20 cm below the soil surface. Digging a mushroom bed in this area may damage the roots of Macadamia integrifolia.

[0039] (3) Spreading the materials. Immerse the raw materials in step (1) in water and then spread them on the ridge surface to form a raw material layer; the thickness of the raw material layer is 10 cm, and then use the cooked materials in step (1) to lay a 10-cm-thick cooked material layer above the raw material layer. After the cooked material layer is laid, its upper surface is the sowing surface.

[0040] (4) Sowing. Sow Dictyophora indusiata strains on the sowing surface obtained in step (3). Sowing is preferably carried out by the "one"-shaped strip sowing method, that is, along the extension direction of the mushroom bed, sow the Dictyophora indusiata strains in rows. When sowing, break the Dictyophora indusiata strains into pieces and sow them in the cooked material layer. 1.5 kg of Dictyophora indusiata strains are sown per square meter of the sowing surface. After sowing, cover the sowing surface with 4 cm of cooked materials, 2 cm of soil covering, and a covering material in sequence; among them, the soil covering is loose humus soil and / or the surface soil of the forest with a water content of 20wt% - 25wt%, and it is appropriate that the soil particles are flattened but not broken and do not stick to the hand when pinched. The covering material is one or several of straw, wheat straw, and straw curtains, and it is sufficient to cover one layer.

[0041] (5) Punching and field management. When punching, along the extension direction of the mushroom bed, punch two rows of ventilation holes on both sides of each mushroom bed; the openings of the two rows of ventilation holes are parallel to each other, and the two rows of ventilation holes are staggered (that is, the openings of the upper and lower two rows of ventilation holes are arranged in a similar "pin" shape); in each row of ventilation holes, the diameter of a single hole is 3 - 5 cm, and the distance between adjacent two holes is 15 - 20 cm. Among them, the height of the openings of the ventilation holes on the far side is equal to the height of the sowing surface (40 cm for the high-ridge surface mushroom bed and 34 cm for the low-ridge surface mushroom bed), and the ventilation holes on the near side are located below the ventilation holes on the far side. For the mushroom beds with two kinds of ridge surface heights, the height of the openings of the ventilation holes on the near side is about 13 cm (for the high-ridge surface mushroom bed) and about 7 cm (for the low-ridge surface mushroom bed) respectively. The bottom of the two rows of ventilation holes on each mushroom bed is at the same height as the sowing surface, and the bottom of the holes extends to near the strains. The purpose of punching is to ensure sufficient oxygen in the center of the mushroom bed and prevent the bacteria in the center of the mushroom bed from being damaged by heat.

[0042] Compared to upward tilting, downward tilting of the ventilation holes (meaning the height gradually decreases from the bottom of the hole to the opening) is more effective in preventing excessive evaporation of moisture from the center of the mushroom bed through the ventilation holes. In this embodiment, two rows of ventilation holes are provided. One row of ventilation holes on the far side is parallel to the sowing surface, while the other row on the near side is tilted downwards. This facilitates air circulation and simultaneously meets the cultivation needs of oxygenation, cooling, and evaporation control. Furthermore, based on trial planting, the inventors summarized an empirical formula for determining the tilt of the near-ground ventilation holes: h = H - (d × sinθ) / 10, where H is the height of the bed surface, d is the width of the bed surface, and θ is the slope angle of the side of the mushroom bed with ventilation holes (when planting bamboo fungus, the slope angle of the side of the mushroom bed is generally greater than or equal to 45° and less than or equal to 90°). When the orifice height of the near-ground vent is determined according to this formula, the inclination of the near-ground vent is more suitable, resulting in better heat dissipation.

[0043] After drilling, the field management stage begins. The bamboo fungus spawn first undergoes mycelial growth. During this stage, the temperature of the substrate in the spawn bed should be controlled between 13 and 28°C. Temperatures that are too high or too low will affect mycelial growth; this can be addressed by using mulch or shading. Check the mycelial development 7-10 days after sowing. If the spawn fails to germinate or turns black, re-sow the spawn promptly. Once the mycelium has fully grown, the fruiting body growth stage begins. Spray water on the spawn bed surface morning and evening, and maintain shallow water levels in the drainage ditches to ensure the substrate moisture content is around 70 wt% (minimum 65 wt%, maximum 70 wt%). During this stage, ensure natural light diffusion from the forest floor and avoid prolonged direct sunlight. Once the fruiting bodies have fully grown and entered the fruiting stage, the surface temperature of the spawn bed should be controlled between 20 and 32°C. Temperatures below 20°C will significantly inhibit fruiting, making it difficult for the fruiting balls to rupture.

[0044] Bamboo fungus can be harvested when its skirt has opened to 2 / 3 of its length, with the best harvesting time being between 8 and 9 a.m. When harvesting, the bamboo fungus should be picked along with its volva to avoid damaging the mycelium. Then, discard the volva and cap, and remove any remaining volva to prevent contamination.

[0045] The harvested bamboo fungus can be dried to extend its storage time. Drying can be done at 45℃ to obtain tender white fruiting bodies, or it can be naturally dried in the shade under the sun, but direct sunlight should be avoided.

[0046] In this embodiment, the low-ridge mycelium bed is sandwiched between two high-ridge mycelium beds, which helps ensure stable yield when intercropping bamboo fungus under macadamia nut trees in a near-natural manner. In my country, macadamia nuts are usually cultivated in open fields in Guangdong Province and areas south of it. Taking Guangdong Province as an example, the average monthly relative humidity of the air during the field cultivation period of bamboo fungus (November to December) is around 66%. However, bamboo fungus prefers a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. During the fruiting body growth stage, it requires a relative humidity of 75% to 95%, while the moisture content of the cultivation medium needs to be maintained at around 70 wt%. Moreover, bamboo fungus has a very narrow range of adaptability to the moisture content of the cultivation medium. This makes it very easy for the cultivation substrate to be insufficient when intercropping bamboo fungus under macadamia nut trees in a near-natural manner, thus making it difficult to obtain a stable yield of fruiting bodies. When using the planting method described in this embodiment, water is sprayed onto the surface of all the substrate beds each time water is replenished. Water on the surface of higher-ridged substrate beds seeps downwards due to gravity, while lower-ridged substrate beds more easily absorb water from the drainage ditches through soil capillary action. This results in a difference in the moisture content of the cultivation substrate between the higher and lower-ridged substrate beds. Furthermore, by controlling the difference in bed height to between 6 and 8 centimeters and setting the near-ground ventilation holes to downward-sloping positions, the difference in moisture content of the cultivation substrate between the higher and lower-ridged substrate beds is controlled to within 5 wt%. In this way, the moisture content of the cultivation substrate has a certain buffer, ensuring that bamboo fungus can grow well in both high and low ridge beds under normal climate and field management conditions. Even if there are occasional hot and dry weather or untimely watering, the bamboo fungus planted in the high ridge beds will be affected first, while the bamboo fungus in the low ridge beds can still maintain a certain yield. If there are problems such as excessive rainfall, the bamboo fungus in the low ridge beds will be more affected, while the bamboo fungus in the high ridge beds can still maintain a certain yield, so that the yield of bamboo fungus can remain relatively stable under near-natural conditions.

[0047] In some other embodiments, the number of fungal beds in the tree basin area can also be other numbers, such as multiples of 5, depending on the size of the tree basin area. In this case, there are two low-ridge fungal beds sandwiched between three parallel high-ridge fungal beds.

[0048] In this embodiment, the substrate bed is arranged in a cross shape, which facilitates field management. Furthermore, after the bamboo fungus is harvested, the remaining cultivation substrate can also be used as fertilizer for the macadamia tree. Generally, when the substrate is far from the trunk of the macadamia tree, there are more terminal roots in the soil with strong water and fertilizer absorption capabilities. This cross-shaped arrangement of the substrate bed satisfies the bamboo fungus's needs for water, shade, and humus, while also facilitating the absorption of nutrients from the remaining cultivation substrate by the macadamia tree after harvest, and making field management convenient.

[0049] In other embodiments, the substrate beds may be arranged end-to-end in a square shape around the trunk of the macadamia tree, or in other forms, as long as the substrate beds do not extend beyond the boundary of the tree basin area.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] The planting method of Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that in step (2), when making the mushroom bed, the low-ridge mushroom bed in Example 1 is changed to a high-ridge mushroom bed with a ridge height of 20 cm. That is, in Comparative Example 1, the ridge height of all mushroom beds is 20 cm.

[0052] To verify that the staggered mushroom bed in Example 1 helps stabilize the yield of bamboo fungus, bamboo fungus was planted in the mushroom bed in Example 1 and the mushroom bed in Comparative Example 1, and a water stress experiment was conducted.

[0053] The experimental approach was as follows: During the fruiting body growth stage, on sunny days, the watering frequency was halved for three consecutive days. Instead of spraying water twice a day (morning and evening) on ​​the surface of the substrate, water was sprayed only once in the morning to create a slightly water-deficient environment. After three days, normal field management was resumed until the bamboo fungus was harvested. The control group used the substrate from Example 1, and the watering frequency for the control group was normal.

[0054] The experimental parameters measured were the moisture content of the substrate and the yield of bamboo fungus over three days. The moisture content of the substrate was measured using a soil moisture analyzer, once daily at 6 PM. The substrate between two parallel substrates was selected for measurement. Samples were taken every 50 cm along the direction of the substrate, and the average value was calculated from multiple measurements. The yield of bamboo fungus was calculated by combining the yields from three parallel substrates. Four replicates were formed from the four substrates in the basin of each macadamia tree, and the average value of each replicate was taken. Table 1 shows the experimental results (D1, D2, and D3 represent the first, second, and third days, respectively):

[0055] Table 1

[0056] D1 Moisture content / % D2 Moisture content / % D3 Moisture content / % Bamboo fungus yield / kg Example 1 69.3 65.4 63.5 2.1 Comparative Example 1 66.7 61.5 59.1 1.7 control group 68.7 67.2 68.8 2.4

[0057] The results above show that on the second day of the experiment, the moisture content of the cultivation substrate in the substrate of Comparative Example 1 had already dropped below the suitable moisture content for bamboo fungus cultivation. In contrast, the moisture content of the cultivation substrate in Example 1 decreased more slowly, reaching below the suitable moisture content for bamboo fungus cultivation by the third day. Comparing the final bamboo fungus yield, it can be found that the decrease in bamboo fungus yield in Example 1 was smaller than that in Comparative Example 1 compared to the control group. This indicates that under short-term water stress, the staggered substrate height can effectively stabilize bamboo fungus yield.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] The planting method of Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: when drilling holes in step (5), a row of ventilation holes is drilled on both sides of each mushroom bed along the extension direction of the mushroom bed. The height of the opening and the bottom of the ventilation hole are equal to the height of the sowing surface, that is, the ventilation hole and the sowing surface are parallel.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] The planting method of Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that when drilling holes in step (5), the height of the air hole on the near-ground side is equal to the height of the bed surface. That is, compared with Example 1, the inclination of the air hole on the near-ground side of both the high-bed and low-bed mushroom beds in Comparative Example 3 is reduced.

[0062] During the mycelial growth stage, the temperature of the cultivation substrate at the sowing surface of the mushroom bed in Examples 1, 2, and 3 was measured using a soil moisture analyzer. Temperature measurements were taken at 2 PM. Samples were taken every 50 cm along the extension direction of the mushroom bed, and the average value was calculated from multiple measurements. Table 2 shows the results.

[0063] Table 2

[0064] Sorghum bed temperature / °C Low border bacterial bed temperature / ℃ Example 1 27.1 26.7 Comparative Example 2 28.4 27.9 Comparative Example 3 27.7 27.1

[0065] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, two rows of ventilation holes are more conducive to cooling the center of the mushroom bed than a single row of ventilation holes. This may be because a single row of ventilation holes cannot form airflow circulation, resulting in poor air circulation in the ventilation holes and thus an unsatisfactory cooling effect.

[0066] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 shows that the temperature of the cultivation substrate at the center of the mushroom bed in Example 1 is 0.4–0.6°C lower than that in Comparative Example 3. This indicates that the inclination of the air vents on the near-ground side in Example 1 is more conducive to ventilation and heat dissipation at the center of the mushroom bed.

[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.

Claims

1. A method for undergrowth near-natural interplanting of Tacca integrifolia in a macadamia nut orchard, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a cultivation substrate, and then fermenting part of the cultivation substrate into mature material and using the other part as raw material; (2) cleaning the litter and sundries under the macadamia nut forest, leveling the land under the forest and drying, and then making a fungus bed in the tree disc of each macadamia nut tree, and digging a drainage ditch around each fungus bed; the leveled upper surface of the fungus bed is a plot surface; (3) after the raw material in step (1) is soaked, the raw material is laid on the plot surface to form a raw material layer; then the mature material in step (1) is used to lay a mature material layer above the raw material layer, and the upper surface of the mature material layer is a seeding surface; (4) the seeding surface obtained in step (3) is seeded with rhizoma dioscoreae septemlobae spores, and then the seeding surface is covered with mature material, soil and mulch in sequence after seeding; (5) air holes are punched from both sides of the fungus bed, the hole bottom of the air hole is at the height of the seeding surface; then field management is carried out until the fruiting body matures, and harvesting is carried out; In step (2), the fungus bed in the tree disc of each macadamia nut tree is divided into low-plot-surface fungus beds and high-plot-surface fungus beds according to the height of the plot surface, and the low-plot-surface fungus beds are sandwiched between two parallel high-plot-surface fungus beds; In step (2), the plot surface height of the fungus bed in the tree disc of each macadamia nut tree is within the range of 10-20 cm, the plot surface width is within the range of 70-90 cm, and the height difference between the low-plot-surface fungus bed and the high-plot-surface fungus bed is 6-8 cm; the minimum distance between the fungus bed and the trunk of the macadamia nut tree is greater than or equal to 45 cm; there are 4 low-plot-surface fungus beds and 8 high-plot-surface fungus beds in the tree disc of each macadamia nut tree, one end of each fungus bed is close to the trunk of the macadamia nut tree, the other end extends away from the trunk of the macadamia nut tree to the boundary of the tree disc, and the fungus beds are arranged in a "cross" shape around the trunk of the macadamia nut tree; the plot surface height of the low-plot-surface fungus bed is 14 cm, and the plot surface height of the high-plot-surface fungus bed is 20 cm; the plot surface width of each fungus bed is 70 cm; In step (5), two rows of air holes are punched on both sides of each fungus bed along the extension direction of the fungus bed; the hole openings of the two rows of air holes are parallel to each other, and the two rows of air holes are distributed in a staggered manner; in each row of air holes, the diameter of a single hole is 3-5 cm, and the distance between adjacent two holes is 15-20 cm; The hole opening height of the air hole on the far side is equal to the seeding surface height, and the hole opening height h of the air hole on the near side is h=H-(d*sinθ) / 10, wherein H is the plot surface height, d is the plot surface width, θ is equal to the slope angle of the side of the fungus bed with the air hole, and 45°≤θ≤90°.

2. The method of interplanting jack-in-the-pulpit in a macadamia understorey near-natural forest according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the cultivation substrate is prepared by the following method: 95 parts by weight of sawdust, 4 parts by weight of macadamia nut shell and 1 part by weight of light calcium carbonate are weighed, and then mixed uniformly after adding water to obtain the cultivation substrate; the water content in the prepared cultivation substrate is 60wt%-65wt%.

3. The method of interplanting jack-in-the-pulpit in a macadamia understorey near-natural system according to claim 1, wherein, In step (1), 60 wt% of the cultivation substrate is fermented into mature material by stacking, and 40 wt% of the cultivation substrate is used as raw material; during the fermentation, the height of the stack is 1.5 meters, the stack is turned over every 15 days, and the fermentation time is 45-60 days; after the fermentation, mycelium growth nutrient solution is added to the obtained mature material, and the volume / mass ratio of the mycelium growth nutrient solution to the mature material is 4-7 mL / kg.

4. The method of interplanting jack-in-the-pulpit in a macadamia under-story near natural system according to claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the thickness of the raw material layer is 10 cm, and the thickness of the mature material layer is 10 cm.

5. The method of interplanting jack-in-the-pulpit in a macadamia under-story near natural system according to claim 1, wherein, In step (4), the dendrobium candidum spores are sown in rows along the extension direction of the mycelium bed, and 1.5 kg of dendrobium candidum spores are sown per square meter of sowing surface; the thickness of the mature material covering the sowing surface is 2-4 cm, and the thickness of the soil covering is 1-2 cm. The soil covering is loose humus soil and / or forest topsoil with a water content of 20 wt%-25 wt%, and the covering material is rice straw, wheat straw, and / or straw mat.

6. The method of interplanting jack-in-the-pulpit in a macadamia understorey near-natural system according to claim 1, wherein, In step (5), during the field management, the temperature of the cultivation substrate in the mycelium growth stage is controlled to be 13-28℃; in the fruiting body formation stage, the water content of the cultivation substrate in the mycelium bed is controlled to be 65 wt%-70 wt%, and the air relative humidity is 75%-95%; in the fruiting stage, the ground surface temperature of the mycelium bed is controlled to be 20-32℃.

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