Application of a biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material as a foliar fertilizer in crop cultivation, foliar spraying method

Abstract

The present invention provides an application of a biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material as a foliar fertilizer in crop cultivation and a foliar spraying method, belonging to the field of nanoagriculture technology. The present invention provides an application of a biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material as a foliar fertilizer in crop cultivation. In the present invention, the biomass-based nanochar with a thin sheet layer structure is inserted into the cell wall of the crop leaf surface, and at the same time, the biomass-based nanochar with a high degree of graphitization in a turbine structure can efficiently export excessive electrons in the crop body, realizing the weakening of reactive oxygen free radicals and achieving the purpose of promoting crop yield increase. The present invention first applies the biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material to foliar spraying fertilizer for crop growth promotion, achieving the goal of high yield with a small amount of nanochar added, overcoming the problem of high application rate in the traditional root application method, and the present invention can achieve the purpose of high yield increase with less addition (18 g / ha).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nanoagriculture, and particularly to the application of a biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material as a foliar fertilizer in crop cultivation and a foliar spraying method. Background Art

[0002] Nanoagriculture is a new field that applies nanotechnology to agriculture, aiming to improve crop production efficiency, reduce resource utilization and environmental impact, and improve the quality of agricultural products. Currently, nanomaterials are widely used in seed treatment, fertilizer application, plant protection, soil improvement, etc. For example, nanomaterials can be used as carriers to provide nutrients, plant hormones or pesticides, and improve soil structure and water management to promote crop yield increase. Although the application of nanomaterials in agriculture brings many potential benefits, a large number of currently used nanomaterials contain metal elements, and their long-term use will lead to metal accumulation, which in turn causes environmental pollution. In addition, the cost of some nanotechnologies in practical applications is relatively high, which limits their popularization and application in agricultural production.

[0003] Chinese Patent CN106747954A discloses a foliar fertilizer containing graphene nanomaterials, which adopts the root application method, and the application amount is as low as 0.08 g / pot, having the problem of high dosage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide the application of a biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material as a foliar fertilizer in crop cultivation and a foliar spraying method. The present invention sprays the biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material on the leaves of crops. While achieving crop growth, the dosage of the biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material sprayed on the leaves of crops is greatly reduced.

[0005] In order to achieve the above invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides the application of a biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material as a foliar fertilizer in crop cultivation.

[0007] Preferably, the application includes: spraying the biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material on the leaves of crops.

[0008] The present invention also provides a foliar spraying method, including the following steps:

[0009] Disperse the biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material in water to obtain a biomass-based nanochar solution;

[0010] Spray the biomass-based nanochar solution on the leaves of crops.

[0011] Preferably, when spraying, the dosage of the biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material in the biomass-based nanochar solution is 1-18 g / ha.

[0012] Preferably, the dosage of the biomass-based nanochar is 5-10 g / ha.

[0013] Preferably, the concentration of the biomass-based nanochar solution is 0-50 mg / L and not 0.

[0014] Preferably, the concentration of the biomass-based nanochar solution is 10-20 mg / L.

[0015] Preferably, the dispersion method is ultrasonic.

[0016] Preferably, the biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0017] Crush the biomass to obtain biomass powder;

[0018] Pyrolytically carbonize the biomass powder under anaerobic conditions and then cool it to obtain biochar;

[0019] Carry out current self-heating carbonization on the biochar and then cool it to obtain the biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material.

[0020] Preferably, the temperature of the pyrolytic carbonization is 500-1500 °C, and the heat preservation time is 1-8 h; the voltage of the current self-heating carbonization is 100-380 V, and the time is 0-60 s and not 0.

[0021] The present invention provides an application of a biomass-based nanochar crop growth-promoting material as a foliar fertilizer in crop planting.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] Biomass-based nanocarbon has a graphite flake layer structure with a highly graphitized turbostratic structure and has the ability to rapidly transfer electrons. During the growth process of crops, excessive reactive oxygen free radicals are generated in their bodies, which is not conducive to the growth of crops and leads to reduced yields. Biomass-based nanocarbon has the ability to rapidly transfer electrons. In the present invention, the biomass-based nanocarbon with a flake layer structure is inserted into the cell wall of the crop leaf surface. At the same time, the highly graphitized biomass-based nanocarbon with a turbostratic structure can efficiently export excessive electrons in the crop body, weaken the reactive oxygen free radicals, and achieve the purpose of promoting the yield increase of crops. The present invention first applies the biomass-based nanocarbon crop growth-promoting material to the foliar spraying of crops to promote the growth of crops, achieving the goal of high yield with a small amount of added nanocarbon, and overcoming the problem of high application rate in the traditional root application method. The present invention can achieve the purpose of promoting yield increase with less input (18 g / ha), and is expected to become a new generation of green, safe, low-cost, efficient and environmentally friendly crop growth-promoting method, which can be widely applied to the growth promotion and yield increase of crops, providing a new solution to address the current food security problem of crops.

[0024] Moreover, the biomass-based nanocarbon crop growth-promoting material of the present invention does not have the problems of environmental secondary pollution, resource shortage and high cost, and has important significance for environmental protection and food security.

[0025] Furthermore, the biomass-based nanocarbon synthesized by the coupling technology of pyrolysis carbonization-current self-heating carbonization in the present invention carbonizes the volatilization of non-carbon elements in the biomass, and the carbon atoms are rearranged at high temperature to achieve graphitization to form biomass-based nanocarbon. The degree of graphitization is higher, which can further increase the crop yield and has considerable ecological and environmental benefits and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 are transmission electron microscope images of biochar and bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon materials at different magnifications;

[0027] Figure 2 are the effect diagrams of the growth promotion and yield increase of bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon with different spraying concentrations on corn;

[0028] Figure 3 are the effect diagrams of the growth promotion and yield increase of bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon with different spraying concentrations on soybeans;

[0029] Figure 4 are the effect diagrams of the growth promotion and yield increase of bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon with different spraying concentrations on peanuts;

[0030] Figure 5 are the effect diagrams of the growth promotion and yield increase of bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon on different crops in field experiments;

[0031] Figure 6Photographs of the growth promotion and yield increase of Arabidopsis thaliana by nano-carbon prepared from different raw materials;

[0032] Figure 7 Effect diagrams of the growth promotion and yield increase of Arabidopsis thaliana by nano-carbon prepared from different raw materials;

[0033] Figure 8 Fluorescence diagrams of the effects of bamboo powder biochar and nano-carbon on the generation of free radicals in Arabidopsis thaliana;

[0034] Figure 9 Fluorescence diagrams of the effects of bamboo powder biomass-based nano-carbon with different spraying concentrations on the generation of free radicals in Arabidopsis thaliana;

[0035] Figure 10 Photographs of the growth promotion and yield increase in the field experiment of soybean by the bamboo powder nano-carbon prepared in Example 1 at 10 mg / L;

[0036] Figure 11 Photographs of the growth promotion and yield increase in the field experiment of peanut by the bamboo powder nano-carbon prepared in Example 1 at 10 mg / L;

[0037] Figure 12 Photographs of the growth promotion and yield increase in the field experiment of corn by the bamboo powder nano-carbon prepared in Example 1 at 10 mg / L. Detailed implementation mode

[0038] The present invention provides an application of a biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material as a foliar spray fertilizer in crop planting.

[0039] In the present invention, the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material refers to a biomass-based nano-carbon material.

[0040] In the present invention, the application preferably includes: spraying the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material on the leaves of crops.

[0041] In the present invention, the biomass-based nano-carbon has a graphite flake layer structure with a turbine structure, which is beneficial to electron transfer. When the biomass-based nano-carbon is used for foliar spraying of crops, the biomass-based nano-carbon with a flake layer structure can be inserted into the cell wall of the crop leaves. At the same time, the highly graphitized biomass-based nano-carbon with a turbine structure can efficiently export excessive electrons in the crop body, weaken the reactive oxygen free radicals, and achieve the purpose of promoting the growth and increasing the yield of crops. Compared with the traditional agricultural growth promotion method (root application), the foliar spraying of the present invention can achieve the purpose of less input (18 g / ha) and more yield increase.

[0042] In the present invention, the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material is preferably prepared by a method including the following steps:

[0043] Crush the biomass to obtain biomass powder;

[0044] Pyrolytically carbonize the biomass powder under anaerobic conditions and then cool it down to obtain biochar;

[0045] Subject the biochar to current self-heating carbonization and then cool it down to obtain the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth promoting material.

[0046] In the present invention, the biomass is crushed to obtain biomass powder.

[0047] In the present invention, the biomass preferably includes one or more of wood chips, crop straws, rice husks, corncobs, bagasse, soybean dregs, rapeseed cakes, microalgae, walnut shells, Salix psammophila, bamboo, tree leaves and barks, and plastics.

[0048] The present invention has no special limitation on the crushing, and a method well-known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0049] After obtaining the biomass powder, the present invention pyrolytically carbonizes the biomass powder under anaerobic conditions and then cools it down to obtain biochar.

[0050] In the present invention, the temperature of the pyrolytic carbonization is preferably 500 - 1500 °C, more preferably 700 - 1000 °C, and the heat preservation time is preferably 1 - 8 h, more preferably 1.5 - 3 h.

[0051] In the present invention, the heating rate from room temperature to the temperature of the pyrolytic carbonization is preferably 5 °C / min.

[0052] In the present invention, the anaerobic condition is preferably provided by nitrogen, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is preferably 100 mL / min.

[0053] In the present invention, the cooling is preferably natural cooling to room temperature.

[0054] After obtaining the biochar, the present invention subjects the biochar to current self-heating carbonization and then cools it down to obtain the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth promoting material.

[0055] In the present invention, the voltage of the current self-heating carbonization is preferably 100 - 380 V, and the time is preferably 0 - 60 s and not 0.

[0056] The present invention preferably places the biochar in a quartz tube, places carbon rods and copper wire balls at both ends of the quartz tube, and then places the quartz tube in a current self-heating device for the current self-heating carbonization; no conductive agent is preferably added during the current self-heating carbonization process.

[0057] After the current self-heating carbonization, it is preferably naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth promoting material.

[0058] The biomass-based nanocarbon synthesized by the coupling technology of pyrolysis carbonization-current self-heating carbonization in the present invention volatilizes non-carbon elements in the biomass and undergoes carbonization, and then the carbon atoms are rearranged at high temperature to achieve graphitization to form the biomass-based nanocarbon, with a higher degree of graphitization.

[0059] The present invention also provides a foliar spraying method, which includes the following steps:

[0060] Disperse the biomass-based nanocarbon crop growth promoting material in water to obtain a biomass-based nanocarbon solution;

[0061] Spray the biomass-based nanocarbon solution on the leaves of crops.

[0062] In the present invention, the biomass-based nanocarbon crop growth promoting material is dispersed in water to obtain a biomass-based nanocarbon solution.

[0063] In the present invention, the concentration of the biomass-based nanocarbon solution is preferably 0 - 50 mg / L and not 0, more preferably 10 - 20 mg / L.

[0064] In the present invention, the preferred dispersion method is ultrasonic. The present invention has no special limitation on the parameters of the ultrasonic wave, as long as it can ensure uniform dispersion.

[0065] After obtaining the biomass-based nanocarbon solution, the present invention sprays the biomass-based nanocarbon solution on the leaves of crops.

[0066] In the present invention, when spraying, the dosage of the biomass-based nanocarbon crop growth promoting material in the biomass-based nanocarbon solution is preferably 1 - 18 g / hectare, more preferably 5 - 10 g / hectare. Here, per hectare refers to the land area.

[0067] In the present invention, the preferred number of spraying times is multiple times, and the spraying volume and spraying period are preferably determined according to the growth stages and requirements of different crops; the spraying method is preferably determined according to the crop area, as long as uniform spraying can be achieved.

[0068] Next, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] The bamboo powder biomass is crushed into powder, pyrolyzed at 700 °C for 90 min under anaerobic conditions, with a heating rate of 5 °C / min and a nitrogen gas flow rate of 100 mL / min to obtain biochar; the biochar is weighed and placed into a quartz tube, and carbon rods and copper wire balls are placed at both ends of the quartz tube, and then the quartz tube is placed in a current self-heating device. A voltage of 200 V is applied for 50 ms, pulsed 2 times, and after the reaction ends and cools to room temperature, bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon (bamboo powder nanocarbon) is obtained.

[0071] The biochar and the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and the results are as Figure 1 shown. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the graphitization degree of the biochar is low, there is no diffraction peak in the selected diffraction, and after being treated by the current self-heating technology, it has an obvious graphite sheet structure and diffraction peak, indicating that the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon has been successfully synthesized.

[0072] The bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon is weighed and configured to concentrations of 10 mg / L, 20 mg / L and 50 mg / L with ultrapure water, and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon solution.

[0073] The bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon solution is sprayed onto the leaf surface of corn crops, and the growth promotion and yield increase effects of the corn crops are measured. The results are as Figure 2 shown. Figure 2 It shows that the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon has obvious growth promotion and yield increase effects on corn at 10 mg / L and 20 mg / L.

[0074] The bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon solution is sprayed onto the leaf surface of soybeans, and the growth promotion and yield increase effects of the soybeans are measured. The results are as Figure 3 shown. Figure 3 It shows that the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon has obvious growth promotion and yield increase effects on soybeans at 10 mg / L and 20 mg / L.

[0075] The bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon solution is sprayed onto the leaf surface of peanuts, and the growth promotion and yield increase effects of the peanuts are measured. The results are as Figure 4 shown. Figure 4 It shows that the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon has obvious growth promotion and yield increase effects on peanuts at 10 mg / L and 20 mg / L.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] Same as Example 1, the difference is only that a voltage of 250 V is applied for 6 s, and then 200 V is applied for 30 ms, pulsed 1 time in sequence, to obtain the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon.

[0078] Spray the bamboo powder biomass-based nanochar solution onto the leaves of corn, peanuts, and soybeans in the field. The dosage of biomass-based nanochar in the biomass-based nanochar solution is 18 g / ha (here, per hectare refers to the land area), and measure the growth promotion and yield increase effects, such as Figure 5 as shown. Figure 5 It shows that the bamboo powder biomass-based nanochar has obvious growth promotion and yield increase effects on these crops at a dosage of 18 g / ha.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] The same as Example 1, except that the bamboo powder is replaced with rice straw to prepare rice straw biomass-based nanochar (rice straw char).

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The same as Example 1, except that the bamboo powder is replaced with wood chips to prepare wood chip biomass-based nanochar (wood chip char).

[0083] Weigh the different biomass-based nanochars of Example 1, 3, and 4, and configure them to a concentration of 10 mg / L with ultrapure water, and perform ultrasonic dispersion to obtain different biomass-based nanochar solutions.

[0084] Spray the biochar prepared in Example 1 (configured to a concentration of 10 mg / L) and different biomass-based nanochar solutions onto the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, and measure the growth promotion and yield increase effects of Arabidopsis thaliana. Figure 6 It is the physical picture of the growth promotion and yield increase of nanochars prepared from different raw materials on Arabidopsis thaliana, Figure 7 It is the growth promotion and yield increase effect picture of nanochars prepared from different raw materials on Arabidopsis thaliana. Figure 7 It shows that different biomass-based nanochars all have obvious growth promotion and yield increase effects on Arabidopsis thaliana, and the effect is better than that of biochar.

[0085] Weigh the biochar and bamboo powder biomass-based nanochar prepared in Example 1, and configure them to a concentration of 10 mg / L with ultrapure water, and perform ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a biochar solution and a bamboo powder biomass-based nanochar solution. Spray the biochar solution and the bamboo powder biomass-based nanochar solution onto the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, and measure the fluorescence intensity of Arabidopsis thaliana by fluorescence labeling. The results are as Figure 8 shown. Figure 8 It shows that compared with the blank and biochar, the bamboo powder biomass-based nanochar can significantly reduce the generation of hydroxyl radicals in Arabidopsis thaliana at 10 mg / L, further proving that the bamboo powder nanochar can transfer electrons to reduce the generation of free radicals.

[0086] Weigh the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon prepared in Example 1 and prepare it to concentrations of 10 mg / L, 20 mg / L, and 50 mg / L with ultrapure water, and disperse it by ultrasonic treatment to obtain a bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon solution. Spray the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon solution onto the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, and measure the fluorescence intensity of Arabidopsis thaliana by fluorescence labeling. The results are as Figure 9 shown. Figure 9 It shows that compared with the blank and 50 mg / L, the bamboo powder biomass-based nanocarbon can significantly reduce the generation of hydroxyl radicals in Arabidopsis thaliana at 10 mg / L and 20 mg / L, further proving that the bamboo powder nanocarbon can transfer electrons to reduce the generation of free radicals and promote yield increase.

[0087] Figure 10 Figure showing the promotion of growth and yield increase in the field experiment of the bamboo powder nanocarbon prepared in Example 1 on soybeans at 10 mg / L, Figure 11 Figure showing the promotion of growth and yield increase in the field experiment of the bamboo powder nanocarbon prepared in Example 1 on peanuts at 10 mg / L, Figure 12 Figure showing the promotion of growth and yield increase in the field experiment of the bamboo powder nanocarbon prepared in Example 1 on corn at 10 mg / L. It can be seen that the biomass-based nanocarbon crop can promote the yield increase of crops as a foliar fertilizer.

[0088] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not impose any formal limitations on the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A foliar spraying method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: dispersing the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material in water to obtain a biomass-based nano-carbon solution; spraying the biomass-based nanocarbon solution on the leaves of crops; The biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: crushing the biomass to obtain biomass powder; The biomass powder is pyrolyzed and carbonized under anaerobic conditions and then cooled to obtain biochar; The biochar is subjected to electric current self-heating carbonization and then cooled to obtain the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material, the temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization is 500-1500° C., and the insulation time is 1-8 hours; the voltage of the electric current self-heating carbonization is 100-380V, and the time is 0-60s and is not 0.

2. The foliar spraying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the spraying, the amount of the biomass-based nano-carbon crop growth-promoting material in the biomass-based nano-carbon solution is 1 to 18 g / hectare.

3. The foliar spraying method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The amount of the biomass-based nanocarbon used is 5 to 10 g / hectare.

4. The foliar spraying method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The concentration of the biomass-based nanocarbon solution is 0-50 mg / L and is not zero.

5. The foliar spraying method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The concentration of the biomass-based nanocarbon solution is 10-20 mg / L.

6. The foliar spraying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersion method is ultrasound.

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