A powder fuel supply device and ramjet engine thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a powder fuel supply device and a ramjet engine thereof, comprising: a powder storage chamber, wherein a piston is provided in the powder storage chamber, wherein the piston divides the powder storage chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the second chamber is filled with metal powder fuel; a combustion chamber sleeved on the outside of the powder storage chamber, wherein a heat exchange and pressurization device is provided in the combustion chamber, wherein the heat exchange and pressurization device is used to convert heat energy into pressure energy and transmit it to the first chamber, wherein a pressure difference exists between the first chamber and the second chamber so that the piston moves along the axis of the powder storage chamber; an ejection chamber is provided in the combustion chamber, wherein the ejection chamber is connected to the second chamber so that the metal powder fuel and the combustion gas are mixed and output. Compared with the prior art, the powder fuel supply device and the ramjet engine provided by the present application have a simple structure and a small size, and can improve the integrated design of the powder fuel supply device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel supply for ramjet engines, and more particularly, to a powder fuel supply device and a ramjet engine thereof. Background Art

[0002] Powdered fuel ramjets, using high-energy metal or boron powder as fuel, combine the advantages of liquid-fueled ramjets, such as adjustable thrust and high specific impulse, with the safety, reliability, and simple structure of solid-fueled ramjets. In particular, the addition of powdered fuel to combined solid / powder or liquid / powdered fuel ramjets not only significantly improves the specific impulse and other performance characteristics of traditional ramjets, but also enhances and expands their inherent functionality, making them a highly promising new generation of missile propulsion systems. Powdered fuel supply technology is the core technology of powdered fuel ramjets. Achieving a continuous, stable, and controllable supply of powdered fuel is a prerequisite for reliable engine operation and the key to achieving stable combustion and thrust regulation in powdered fuel ramjets.

[0003] At present, the main design idea of ​​the powder fuel supply device is to use inert gas to fluidize the powder fuel in the storage tank, while ensuring the continuous supply of powder fuel under the push of the piston, and finally spraying it into the combustion chamber in the form of gas / solid two-phase flow to complete the fuel supply process.

[0004] The powder fuel supply device in the prior art often adopts a motor-driven piston powder supply device. The powder is loaded in the fuel tank and the piston is driven to move by a linear motor. This method has obvious advantages in regulating the stability of the piston movement, but the system places high requirements on the motor power. Especially when the pressure in the fuel tank is high, if isobaric balance is not adopted, it is difficult for the motor to push the piston. On the other hand, the piston is directly connected to the output rod of the motor, which will correspondingly increase the length of the powder fuel supply device, resulting in a bulky and complex structure of the powder fuel device, making it difficult to carry out compact mechanism design and functional integration.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a powder fuel supply device and a ramjet engine thereof, which have a simple structure, a small size, and can improve the integrated design of the powder fuel supply device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a powder fuel supply device with a simple structure and a small size, which can improve the integrated design of the powder fuel supply device.

[0007] The technical solutions provided in this application are as follows:

[0008] A powder fuel supply device comprising:

[0009] a powder storage chamber, wherein a piston is provided in the powder storage chamber, the piston dividing the powder storage chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the second chamber is filled with metal powder fuel;

[0010] A gas chamber is sleeved on the outside of the powder storage chamber, and a heat exchange and pressurization device is provided in the gas chamber. The heat exchange and pressurization device is used to convert heat energy into pressure energy and transmit it to the first chamber. There is a pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, so that the piston moves along the axial direction of the powder storage chamber;

[0011] An ejection cavity is provided in the gas chamber, and the ejection cavity is communicated with the second cavity so that the metal powder fuel and the gas are mixed and output.

[0012] Preferably, the heat exchange and pressurizing device is any one of a carbon dioxide heat exchanger, an argon heat exchanger or a nitrogen heat exchanger.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes:

[0014] A fluidizing chamber is provided in the gas chamber and is sleeved on the outside of the powder storage chamber;

[0015] A pressure relief port provided on the heat exchange and pressurizing device and communicating with the fluidizing chamber;

[0016] A fluidizing chamber is provided in the fluidizing cavity. The fluidizing chamber is communicated with the second cavity. One end of the fluidizing chamber away from the powder storage cavity is communicated with the ejection cavity.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes:

[0018] a pressure sensor disposed in the powder storage chamber;

[0019] A pressure relief switch provided at the pressure relief port;

[0020] A pressure controller connected to the pressure sensor and used to open and close the pressure relief switch.

[0021] Preferably, the inlet of the fluidizing chamber is communicated with the second chamber, and the outlet of the fluidizing chamber is communicated with the ejection cavity. The inner diameter of the fluidizing chamber gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet.

[0022] Preferably, the ejection cavity tapers away from the second chamber.

[0023] Preferably, it also includes:

[0024] A charge column arranged in the gas chamber;

[0025] An igniter is provided in the gas chamber and is used to ignite the charge.

[0026] Preferably, the gas temperature in the gas chamber is lower than 1500K.

[0027] A ramjet engine comprises any one of the above-mentioned powder fuel supply devices.

[0028] The powder fuel supply device provided by the present invention is firstly provided with a powder storage chamber and a gas chamber, wherein a piston is provided in the powder storage chamber, the piston divides the powder storage chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber, the second chamber is filled with metal powder fuel, and the piston moves in the powder storage chamber to push the feeding of the metal powder fuel, the gas chamber is mounted on the outside of the powder storage chamber, and the gas chamber contains gas and a heat exchange and pressurizing device, the heat exchange and pressurizing device is used to convert the thermal energy of the gas into pressure energy and transport it to the first chamber, there is a pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, so that the piston moves along the axial direction of the powder storage chamber, thereby realizing the feeding of metal powder fuel. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to set up an additional piston driving device, the structure is simpler, and the volume is smaller. Secondly, an ejection chamber is also provided. The ejection chamber is provided in the gas chamber. The gas enters the ejection chamber, and the ejection chamber is connected to the second chamber. Under the push of the piston, the metal powder fuel in the second chamber enters the ejection chamber. Under the action of the kinetic energy of the gas, the metal powder fuel is ejected and pressurized, and then sprayed into the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine, completing the fuel supply process. It can be seen that compared with the prior art, the powder fuel supply device in the embodiment of the present invention absorbs the thermal energy of the gas through the heat exchange and pressurization device and converts it into pressure energy to drive the moving piston to move. There is no need to set up a separate piston drive device. The metal powder fuel is ejected and pressurized by the kinetic energy of the gas, and then sprayed into the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine. There is no need to set up a separate gas source drive device. Compared with the prior art, the powder fuel supply device provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a simpler structure and a smaller volume, which can improve the integrated design of the powder fuel supply device.

[0029] The present application also provides a ramjet engine, including the above-mentioned powder fuel supply device, which can also achieve the above-mentioned technical effects and will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working principle of a powder fuel supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure numerals: 1, powder storage chamber; 2, piston; 3, combustion chamber; 4, heat exchange and pressurization device; 5, ejection chamber; 6, fluidization chamber; 7, fluidization chamber; 8, charge; 9, metal powder fuel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to help those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “set on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly set on the other element; when an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0035] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" or "several" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0037] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application without affecting the efficacy and purpose that can be achieved by this application.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention are written in a progressive manner.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a powder fuel supply device, comprising: a powder storage chamber 1, wherein a piston 2 is provided in the powder storage chamber 1, wherein the piston 2 divides the powder storage chamber 1 into a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the second chamber is filled with metal powder fuel 9; a gas chamber 3 is sleeved on the outside of the powder storage chamber 1, wherein a heat exchange and pressurizing device 4 is provided in the gas chamber 3, wherein the heat exchange and pressurizing device 4 is used to convert heat energy into pressure energy and transport it to the first chamber, wherein there is a pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, so that the piston 2 moves along the axial direction of the powder storage chamber 1; an ejection chamber 5 is provided in the gas chamber 3, wherein the ejection chamber 5 is connected with the second chamber, so that the metal powder fuel 9 is mixed with the gas and output.

[0040] Existing powder fuel supply systems are bulky and complex, making compact design and functional integration difficult. To meet the demands of miniaturized and intelligent missile weaponry, particularly for missile systems powered by solid propellants, the integration of powder fuel supply systems needs to be further improved.

[0041] The powder fuel supply device provided by the present invention is firstly provided with a powder storage chamber 1 and a gas chamber 3, wherein a piston 2 is provided in the powder storage chamber 1, and the piston 2 divides the powder storage chamber 1 into a first chamber and a second chamber. The second chamber is filled with metal powder fuel 9, and the piston 2 moves in the powder storage chamber 1 to push the feeding of the metal powder fuel 9. The gas chamber 3 is mounted on the outside of the powder storage chamber 1, and there is gas and a heat exchange and boosting device 4 in the gas chamber 3. The heat exchange and boosting device 4 is used to convert the thermal energy of the gas into pressure energy and transport it to the first chamber. There is a pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, so that the piston 2 moves along the axial direction of the powder storage chamber 1, thereby realizing the feeding of the metal powder fuel 9. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to set up an additional piston 2 driving device, the structure is simpler, and the volume is smaller. Secondly, an ejection chamber 5 is also provided. The ejection chamber 5 is provided in the combustion chamber 3. The combustion gas enters the ejection chamber 5, and the ejection chamber 5 is connected to the second chamber. Under the push of the piston 2, the metal powder fuel 9 in the second chamber enters the ejection chamber 5. Under the action of the kinetic energy of the combustion gas, the metal powder fuel 9 is ejected and pressurized, and then sprayed into the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine, completing the fuel supply process. It can be seen that compared with the prior art, the powder fuel supply device in the embodiment of the present invention absorbs the thermal energy of the combustion gas through the heat exchange and pressurization device 4 and converts it into pressure energy to push the piston 2 to move. There is no need to set up an additional piston 2 drive device. The metal powder fuel 9 is ejected and pressurized by the kinetic energy of the combustion gas and then sprayed into the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine. There is no need to set up an additional gas source drive device. Compared with the prior art, the powder fuel supply device provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a simpler structure and a smaller volume, which can improve the integrated design of the powder fuel supply device.

[0042] In the above structure, as one embodiment, the powder fuel supply device in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a powder mesh screen (not shown in the figure) arranged at one end of the second chamber away from the first chamber. Under the action of the air pressure in the second chamber, the piston 2 is pushed to move in a direction away from the first chamber, and the end face of the metal powder fuel 9 contacts the powder mesh screen. Under the extrusion action of the piston 2, the metal powder fuel 9 is squeezed into particles and enters the injection chamber 5.

[0043] In the above structure, the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange and boosting device 4 in the embodiment of the present invention is specifically liquid gas. After the liquid gas absorbs heat, it is vaporized and pressurized. After the gaseous gas enters the first chamber, the air pressure in the first chamber increases. When the air pressure in the first chamber is greater than the air pressure in the second chamber, the piston 2 is pushed to move along the length direction of the powder storage chamber 1.

[0044] In the above structure, as a specific implementation, the heat exchange and pressurizing device 4 in the embodiment of the present invention is specifically any one of a carbon dioxide heat exchanger, an argon heat exchanger or a nitrogen heat exchanger.

[0045] As one specific embodiment, the heat exchange and pressurization device 4 in the embodiment of the present invention is preferably a carbon dioxide heat exchanger. Carbon dioxide, as an energy transfer medium that self-pressurizes after absorbing heat, is also non-toxic, non-flammable, chemically stable, environmentally friendly, and low-cost. At room temperature, it is stably stored as a liquid. After absorbing heat, the liquid carbon dioxide is converted to a gaseous state and input into the first chamber for pressurization. The pressure differential between the first and second chambers propels the piston 2 along the axis of the powder storage chamber 1, thereby pushing the metal powder fuel 9 in the second chamber into the ejection chamber 5.

[0046] In the above structure, as one of the embodiments, the powder fuel supply device in the embodiment of the present invention also includes a fluidizing chamber 6, a pressure relief port and a fluidizing chamber 7, wherein the fluidizing chamber 6 is arranged in the gas chamber 3, and the fluidizing chamber 6 is mounted on the outside of the powder storage chamber 1, the pressure relief port is arranged on the heat exchange and boosting device 4, and the pressure relief port is connected to the fluidizing chamber 6. In order to better regulate the air pressure in the first chamber, part of the carbon dioxide generated by the heat exchange and boosting device 4 is output to the fluidizing chamber 6 through the pressure relief port for pressure relief. The fluidizing chamber 7 is arranged in the fluidizing chamber 6, and the fluidizing chamber 7 is connected to the second chamber. The end of the fluidizing chamber 7 away from the powder storage chamber 1 is connected to the ejection chamber 5, and the carbon dioxide gas enters the fluidizing chamber 7. On the one hand, it can purge and fluidize the end face of the metal powder fuel 9, effectively preventing the powder accumulation and compaction of the metal powder fuel 9 during the extrusion supply process. On the other hand, the air pressure in the first chamber is adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the carbon dioxide gas output from the pressure relief port, thereby realizing the flow regulation of the powder fuel supply device. The carbon dioxide gas and the metal powder fuel 9 are mixed and fluidized in the fluidizing chamber 7 and then output to the ejection cavity 5. The fluidized metal combustion powder is ejected and pressurized by the fuel gas, and the metal powder fuel 9 is transported to the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine.

[0047] Furthermore, as one of the more preferred embodiments, the powder fuel supply device in the embodiment of the present invention also includes a pressure sensor, a pressure relief switch and a pressure controller, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged in the powder storage chamber, the pressure relief switch is arranged on the pressure relief port, and the pressure controller is connected to the pressure sensor, and the pressure relief switch is opened and closed by the pressure sensor.

[0048] In a first embodiment, a pressure sensor is disposed within the first chamber. When the pressure within the first chamber detected by the pressure sensor exceeds a preset pressure, a controller controls the pressure relief switch to open and release the pressure. Excess carbon dioxide gas enters the fluidizing chamber 6 through the pressure relief port, fluidizing the metal powder fuel 9 within the fluidizing chamber 7. The fluidized metal powder fuel 9 then enters the ejection chamber 5, where the fuel gas ejects and pressurizes the fluidized metal combustion powder, delivering the metal powder fuel 9 to the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine. Thus, by providing a pressure sensor, a pressure relief switch, and a pressure controller, the air pressure within the first chamber can be adaptively adjusted.

[0049] As a second embodiment, two pressure sensors are provided, and are respectively provided in the first chamber and the second chamber. When the pressure difference detected by the two pressure sensors is greater than the rated pressure difference, the controller controls the pressure relief switch to open for pressure relief.

[0050] In the above structure, in order to facilitate the fluidization of the metal powder fuel 9 in the fluidizing chamber 7, as one of the implementation methods, the inlet of the fluidizing chamber 7 in the embodiment of the present invention is connected with the second chamber, and the outlet of the fluidizing chamber 7 is connected with the ejection chamber 5. Along the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the fluidizing chamber 7, the inner cavity size of the fluidizing chamber 7 gradually shrinks. The movement of the piston 2 pushes the metal powder fuel 9 into the fluidizing chamber 7, and the excess carbon dioxide gas generated by the heat exchange and boosting device 4 enters the fluidizing chamber 6 from the pressure relief port, and the metal powder fuel 9 is fluidized in the fluidizing chamber 7. The end face of the metal powder fuel 9 can also be purged and fluidized, effectively preventing the powder accumulation and compaction generated by the metal powder fuel 9 during the extrusion supply process.

[0051] In the above structure, the ejection chamber 5 in the embodiment of the present invention is arranged at one end of the gas chamber 3 close to the second chamber, and the ejection chamber 5 is arranged in the gas chamber 3. After the metal powder fuel 9 enters the ejection chamber 5, it is ejected and pressurized under the action of the gas.

[0052] In the above structure, as one of the more preferred embodiments, the ejection chamber 5 in the embodiment of the present invention gradually shrinks in the direction away from the second chamber, so that the fuel gas can better eject and pressurize the fluidized metal powder fuel 9 in the ejection chamber 5, and the air outlet of the ejection chamber 5 is connected to the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine.

[0053] In the above structure, as one implementation mode, the gas in the gas chamber 3 in the embodiment of the present invention can be generated from the outside and then input into the gas chamber 3 .

[0054] As another embodiment, the powder fuel supply device in the embodiment of the present invention also includes a charge 8 and an igniter (not shown in the figure), wherein the charge 8 is arranged in the gas chamber 3, and the igniter is arranged in the gas chamber 3, for igniting the charge 8 to generate gas. By filling the charge 8 in the gas chamber 3 and igniting the charge 8 by the igniter to generate gas, heat exchange occurs between the first part of the gas and the heat exchange and boosting device 4, and the heat exchange and boosting device 4 absorbs heat to convert liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide for pressurization. A part of the carbon dioxide enters the first chamber, and the pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber pushes the piston 2 to move, so that the metal powder fuel 9 enters the fluidizing chamber 7, and the excess carbon dioxide enters the fluidizing chamber 7, mixes with the metal powder fuel 9 and fluidizes, and the gas enters the ejection chamber 5, and the gas ejects and pressurizes the fluidized metal combustion powder, and transports the metal powder fuel 9 into the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine.

[0055] In the above structure, as one of the preferred embodiments, the charge 8 in the embodiment of the present invention is ignited and burned by an igniter to generate fuel gas. By adjusting the formula of the charge 8, the temperature of the fuel gas can be controlled. In order to make the material of the combustion chamber meet the requirements of use, as one of the embodiments, the fuel gas temperature in the fuel gas chamber 3 in the embodiment of the present invention is lower than 1500K.

[0056] The present invention also provides a ramjet engine, comprising any of the powder fuel supply devices described above. Since the powder fuel supply device is provided, the heat energy of the fuel gas is absorbed by the heat exchange and pressurizing device 4 and converted into pressure energy to drive the movable piston 2 to move, and there is no need to provide an additional piston 2 driving device. The metal powder fuel 9 is ejected and pressurized by the kinetic energy of the fuel gas and then sprayed into the combustion chamber of the ramjet engine, and there is no need to provide an additional gas source driving device. The structure is simpler and the volume is smaller, which can improve the integrated design of the powder fuel supply device.

[0057] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A powder fuel supply device, characterized in that: include: A powder storage chamber (1), wherein a piston (2) is provided in the powder storage chamber (1), and the piston (2) divides the powder storage chamber (1) into a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the second chamber is filled with metal powder fuel (9); A gas chamber (3) is sleeved on the outside of the powder storage chamber (1), and a heat exchange and pressurization device (4) is provided in the gas chamber (3). The heat exchange and pressurization device (4) is used to convert heat energy into pressure energy and transmit it to the first chamber. There is a pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, so that the piston (2) moves along the axial direction of the powder storage chamber; An ejection cavity (5) is provided in the combustion chamber (3), and the ejection cavity (5) is communicated with the second cavity so that the metal powder fuel (9) is mixed with the combustion gas and outputted; Also includes: A fluidizing chamber (6) is arranged in the combustion chamber (3) and is sleeved on the outside of the powder storage chamber (1); A pressure relief port provided on the heat exchange and pressurizing device (4) and communicating with the fluidizing chamber (6); A fluidizing chamber (7) is provided in the fluidizing chamber (6), the fluidizing chamber (7) is communicated with the second chamber, and one end of the fluidizing chamber (7) away from the powder storage chamber (1) is communicated with the ejection chamber (5); a pressure sensor disposed in the powder storage chamber; A pressure relief switch provided at the pressure relief port; A pressure controller connected to the pressure sensor and used to open and close the pressure relief switch; A charge (8) disposed in the combustion chamber (3); An igniter is provided in the combustion chamber (3) and is used to ignite the charge (8).

2. The powder fuel supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange and pressurizing device (4) is specifically any one of a carbon dioxide heat exchanger, an argon heat exchanger or a nitrogen heat exchanger.

3. The powder fuel supply device according to claim 1, wherein: The inlet of the fluidizing chamber (7) is communicated with the second chamber, and the outlet of the fluidizing chamber (7) is communicated with the ejection chamber (5). The inner diameter of the fluidizing chamber (7) gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet.

4. The powder fuel supply device according to claim 1, wherein: The ejection cavity (5) gradually contracts in a direction away from the second cavity.

5. The powder fuel supply device according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature of the gas in the gas chamber (3) is lower than 1500K.

6. A ramjet engine, characterized in that: A powder fuel supply device comprising the powder fuel supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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