An automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of automatic detection of surface defects of precision castings, and specifically discloses a system for automatic detection of surface defects of precision castings, which includes a frame, a clamping assembly arranged on the frame to clamp the precision castings, and a detection assembly for detecting surface defects of precision castings; the detection assembly includes a visual camera, a mounting seat, a rubbing probe, and a reference piece, the visual camera and the mounting seat are mounted on the frame, the rubbing probe is mounted on the mounting seat, the reference piece is arranged below the mounting seat, and the reference piece is provided with a detection groove having the same shape as the precision casting; the clamping assembly includes a driving member, a mounting plate, and a clamping member, the driving member is fixed on the support frame, the mounting plate is connected to the driving member, and the clamping member is arranged on the mounting plate. The present application has the effect of facilitating the surface defect detection of special-shaped precision castings and improving the detection efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of automatic detection of surface defects of precision castings, and in particular to an automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, precision castings are widely used in aerospace, automobile, medical equipment and other fields. These castings usually have complex geometric shapes and strict quality requirements, and the detection of surface defects is a key link to ensure product quality. At present, with the improvement of production efficiency and increasingly stringent quality control requirements, automated detection technology has been widely used. Especially in mass production, automatic detection of surface defects can greatly improve detection efficiency and reduce interference from human factors.

[0003] Existing precision casting surface defect detection technology mainly relies on machine vision inspection systems. Machine vision inspection uses a high-resolution camera to capture images of the casting surface and uses image processing algorithms to analyze the images to identify and locate possible surface defects. This method performs well when processing conventional flat or simple geometric castings, and can accurately detect surface defects such as cracks, pits, and pores. In addition, machine vision inspection systems have the advantages of non-contact, fast detection speed, and adaptability to large-scale production, so they have been widely used in the industrial field.

[0004] However, as the shapes of precision castings become more and more complex, especially as the application of special-shaped castings increases, the existing machine vision inspection technology has exposed certain limitations. When inspecting special-shaped castings with complex curved surfaces and multiple detailed features, it is difficult for the machine vision system to capture all surface areas, resulting in the existence of blind areas for inspection, which is prone to false detection or missed detection. Furthermore, visual inspection is easily affected by light conditions and surface reflections. The complex curved surfaces of special-shaped castings further increase the difficulty of inspection, which seriously affects the comprehensiveness and accuracy of machine vision inspection. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to facilitate the surface defect detection of special-shaped precision castings, improve the detection efficiency, and facilitate the visual camera to intuitively detect whether there are defects on the surface of special-shaped precision castings. The automatic surface defect detection system for precision castings provided in this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings, comprising a frame, a clamping assembly arranged on the frame for clamping the precision castings, and a detection assembly for detecting surface defects of the precision castings;

[0007] The detection assembly includes a visual camera, a mounting seat, a rubbing probe and a reference piece. The frame is provided with a support frame, the visual camera is fixedly mounted on the support frame, the visual camera faces the mounting seat, the mounting seat is fixedly mounted on the frame, the rubbing probe is slidably mounted on the mounting seat, the rubbing probe is provided in multiple groups, and the rubbing probes are arranged and distributed at equal intervals on the mounting seat; the reference piece is arranged below the mounting seat, and the reference piece is provided with a detection groove having the same shape as the position to be detected of the precision casting;

[0008] The clamping assembly is mounted above the mounting seat through the support frame, and the clamping assembly includes a driving member, a mounting plate and a clamping member, the driving member is fixed on the support frame, the mounting plate is rotatably connected to the output end of the driving member, and the clamping member is arranged on the mounting plate; the driving member can drive the clamping member to move in the vertical direction, and the clamping member can automatically clamp the precision casting;

[0009] The clamping member can press the precision casting onto the mounting seat, and the rubbing probe on the side of the mounting seat close to the reference member can three-dimensionally rub the outer contour of the precision casting, and the end of the rubbing probe close to the reference member can abut against the inner wall of the detection groove, and the other end of the rubbing probe can display a color. When the end of the rubbing probe close to the reference member does not abut against the inner wall of the detection groove, the other end of the rubbing probe can display another color, and the visual camera detects surface defects of the precision casting according to the different colors displayed by the rubbing probe.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution and utilizing the combination of a visual camera and a rubbing probe, it is possible to realize automated detection of surface defects of precision castings. When dealing with the detection of special-shaped castings with complex surfaces and multiple detailed features, the conventional solution is to set up multiple groups of visual cameras to reduce the existence of blind spots in the machine vision system, but the problem of missed detection cannot be avoided. However, the multiple groups of designs and equally spaced arrangements of rubbing probes can accurately replicate the external contours of precision castings, so that the detection component can perform high-precision surface defect detection on castings with complex shapes, ensuring the accuracy of the detection results; at the same time, when the rubbing probe is not in full contact with the inner wall of the detection groove, the color change can intuitively reflect the defects on the surface of the casting, thereby achieving fast and effective defect identification; the color change at the end of the rubbing probe makes the complex surface features of special-shaped castings simpler and more intuitive, and the visual camera can more easily and intuitively detect the defects on the surface in real time; the clamping component achieves a stable clamping of the precision casting through the driving part, and can also press the casting on the mounting seat during the detection process, ensuring good contact between the rubbing probe and the surface of the casting, which not only improves the stability of the detection, but also reduces the detection error caused by the movement or loosening of the casting.

[0011] Optionally, the rubbing probe includes a sliding tube, a detection head, a return spring and a light-transmitting plate, a display lamp bead is arranged on the inner wall at one end of the sliding tube, a visual window is opened on the sliding tube, the visual window faces the display lamp bead, the sliding tube is slidably penetrated on the mounting plate, a sliding portion is arranged on the detection head, the sliding portion is slidably connected with the sliding tube, and the detection head is slidably arranged on one end of the sliding tube through the sliding portion; the return spring is sleeved on the sliding portion, one end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding tube, and the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the sliding portion; the light-transmitting plate is arranged in the sliding tube, and a piston block is fixedly provided at one end of the light-transmitting plate facing away from the display lamp bead, the light-transmitting plate is slidably arranged in the sliding tube through the piston block, and the space between the piston block and the sliding portion is filled with hydraulic oil;

[0012] The detection head and the light-transmitting plate are each provided with two groups, the two groups of the detection heads are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the sliding tube, the two groups of the light-transmitting plates are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the sliding tube with the display lamp bead as the center, the two groups of the light-transmitting plates are respectively provided as a yellow light-transmitting plate and a blue light-transmitting plate, and the ends of the two groups of light-transmitting plates away from the piston block can partially overlap with each other, the display lamp bead is opposite to the overlapping part of the two groups of light-transmitting plates, and a pressure switch is arranged on the detection head away from the blue light-transmitting plate. The pressure switch is electrically connected to the display lamp bead, and the display lamp bead will light up only when the pressure switch is subjected to force.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the sliding connection between the sliding tube and the detection head enables the probe to slide stably and accurately, ensuring that the detection head can fully contact the surface of the casting or the inner wall of the detection groove, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection; the design of the light-transmitting plate is divided into a yellow light-transmitting plate and a blue light-transmitting plate, and the two sets of light-transmitting plates can partially overlap. When the detection head contacts the inner wall of the detection groove, the display lamp beads emit different light signals through the visual window, so that the visual camera can keenly capture tiny surface defects, improve the sensitivity of detection, thereby providing clearer detection feedback and reducing the possibility of misjudgment; at the same time, a pressure switch is electrically connected to the display lamp beads, so that the display lamp beads will light up only when the pressure switch is subjected to force, ensuring that the display lamp beads will only generate light signals under the characteristic condition that the detection head abuts the inner wall of the detection groove, so as to ensure the accurate transmission of the detection signal and avoid detection errors caused by false triggering or ambient light interference; at the same time, the reset spring arranged in the sliding tube can quickly restore the probe to its initial position after the detection is completed, thereby improving the efficiency of the detection and ensuring that the system can continuously perform detection operations without affecting the next detection cycle due to the probe being stuck or failing to reset.

[0014] Optionally, a reset piece is provided on the control piece, and the reset piece includes a reset membrane and an air pump. The reset membrane is sealingly covered and arranged on the detection groove, and the peripheral side of the reset membrane is fixedly connected to the control piece, and a closed cavity is formed between the reset membrane and the inner wall of the detection groove. An exhaust pipe is provided on the reset membrane, and one end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the air pump. When the air pump inflates the detection groove through the exhaust pipe, the reset membrane will be inflated, thereby resetting the rubbing probe; when the air pump exhausts air through the exhaust pipe, the reset membrane can shrink and fit tightly with the inner wall of the detection groove.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the air pump controls the expansion or contraction of the reset membrane by exhausting or inflating air, so that the rubbing probe can smoothly return to the initial position, realizing the automatic reset function of the rubbing probe after the detection is completed, avoiding the tedious operation of manual reset, reducing human operation errors, and improving the automation degree and efficiency of the detection process. At the same time, this reset method avoids the problem of probe jamming or retention during the detection process, ensuring that the probe can always maintain the best detection state. This setting not only improves the continuity and efficiency of the detection, but also reduces the mechanical wear of the equipment and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0016] Optionally, an avoidance groove is provided on the mounting seat, a clamping spring is provided in the avoidance groove, a long pressure sensor is provided on the outer wall of the sliding tube, an electromagnet is provided at the end of the sliding tube away from the reference part, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the electromagnet; when the precision casting presses down the detection head at the end of the sliding tube away from the reference part, the detection head will drive the sliding tube to slide on the mounting seat, the pressure sensor abuts against the clamping spring, and the electromagnet starts to adsorb the detection head at the end of the sliding tube away from the reference part.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of the avoidance groove and the clamping spring enables the sliding tube to slide smoothly on the mounting seat. When the precision casting applies pressure to the detection head, the clamping spring can effectively buffer and guide the movement of the sliding tube, ensuring that the movement of the detection head is smooth and reliable, reducing the friction of the detection head on the sliding tube, and improving the stability and durability of the system; in addition, the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the electromagnet. When the detection head on the sliding tube close to the electromagnet is subjected to pressure, the electromagnet can respond quickly and adsorb, ensuring that the detection head is in the detection process. The position of the blue transparent plate is fixed, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of the detection process.

[0018] Optionally, a reciprocating sliding member is provided on the frame, and the reciprocating sliding member includes a slider, a slide rail, a screw rod and a motor. The slider is fixed on the support frame, the slide rail is fixed on the frame, the support frame is slidably connected to the frame through the slider, the screw rod is rotatably arranged on the frame, a sliding seat is provided on the screw rod, the sliding seat is threadedly connected to the screw rod, the sliding seat is fixedly connected to the support frame, the motor is fixed on the frame, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the combination of motor and screw rod realizes the automatic operation of the system, reduces manual intervention, and improves the efficiency and consistency of the detection process. At the same time, the setting of the slider and the slide rail provides stable support, reduces the vibration and error of the system during the detection process, and ensures the accuracy of the detection results. In addition, through the cooperation of the slider and the slide rail, the visual camera and the clamping assembly can achieve smooth reciprocating sliding during the detection process, which can adapt to precision castings of different sizes and shapes, and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the system.

[0020] Optionally, a flip assembly is also provided on one side of the support frame, and the flip assembly includes a flip plate, a supporting plate, a driven bevel gear, an active bevel gear, a supporting member and a limiting member, one end of the flip plate is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft, and the flip plate is rotatably arranged on the frame by the rotating shaft, the supporting plate is fixedly arranged on the frame, and the supporting plate is located between the rotating shaft and the mounting seat, the driven bevel gear is fixedly connected to an end of the rotating shaft away from the flip plate, the active bevel gear is fixedly connected to an end of the screw rod away from the motor, the active bevel gear is meshed with the driven bevel gear, the supporting member is arranged at an end of the flip plate away from the rotating shaft, the supporting member can automatically fix the precision casting, and the supporting member is automatically released when the flip plate flips the precision casting, and the limiting member is arranged on the driven bevel gear, and the limiting member can limit the rotation direction of the driven bevel gear.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the set flip assembly enables the casting to be flipped at different angles during the detection process, allowing the detection system to comprehensively detect all surfaces of the casting, thereby improving the coverage and accuracy of the detection; at the same time, the flip plate and the supporting member in the flip assembly work together to achieve automatic fixation and release of the casting, reduce operator intervention, and improve the level of automation and detection efficiency; the setting of the limit member ensures that the clamping member will not always be in the started state during the feeding process, and the casting can only be flipped when it is placed on the supporting seat; therefore, the setting of the flip assembly improves the flexibility and operational stability of the system, and ensures that the casting will not be displaced or damaged during the flipping process.

[0022] Optionally, the supporting member includes a supporting seat, a clamping plate, a pressing rod and a clamping spring, the supporting seat being fixedly arranged at one end of the flip plate away from the rotating shaft, the supporting seat being provided with a receiving groove and a slot, the clamping plate being fixedly provided with an abutting rod, the clamping plate being slidably arranged in the receiving groove through the abutting rod, one end of the pressing rod being slidably arranged in the slot, and the other end of the pressing rod extending out of the supporting seat, the pressing rod being provided with an abutting groove, one end of the abutting rod away from the clamping plate extending into the slot and abutting against the pressing rod, the clamping spring being arranged in the slot, one end of the clamping spring being fixedly connected to one end of the pressing rod, and the other end of the clamping spring being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slot; when the pressing rod is pressed toward one side of the slot, the end of the abutting rod away from the clamping plate will slide into the abutting groove, and the clamping plate will release the clamping against the precision casting.

[0023] By adopting the above technical scheme, the supporting member can be stably fixed on the flipping plate during the flipping process through the combination of the supporting seat, the clamping plate and the pressing rod, which can effectively prevent the casting from being displaced or flipped during the flipping process, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of the casting during the entire detection process; at the same time, the setting of the pressing rod and the spring can apply pressure smoothly during the clamping process, thereby reducing mechanical damage to the casting, helping to protect the integrity of the precision casting, and avoiding defects or damage caused by uneven clamping pressure. After the flipping is completed, the set pressing rod enables the supporting member to automatically release the fixation of the precision casting, avoiding manual intervention, reducing the labor intensity of the operator, and also avoiding errors that may be caused by manual operation.

[0024] Optionally, the limit member includes a locking cover, a locking rod and an elastic member, a rotation groove is opened on the surface of the driven bevel gear close to the rotating shaft, and the rotation groove is set to a one-way tooth groove in the shape of a ratchet, the locking cover is rotatably embedded in the rotation groove, and a side of the locking cover facing away from the driven bevel gear is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft, one end of the locking rod is rotatably set on the inner wall of the locking cover, and the other end of the locking rod can extend into the tooth surface of the rotation groove during the rotation of the driven bevel gear, the elastic member is set at one end of the locking rod, one end of the elastic member is fixedly connected to the locking rod, and the other end of the locking rod is fixedly connected to the locking cover.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the cooperation between the locking cover and the locking rod allows the rotation of the driven bevel gear to be accurately controlled, thereby avoiding excessive rotation or unnecessary movement, which ensures the accuracy of the mechanical part during the flipping of the casting and reduces the detection error caused by improper rotation.

[0026] Optionally, the clamping member includes a pressure cylinder, a clamping rod, a flexible clamping claw and a return spring. The pressure cylinder is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate. The clamping rod is configured to be tubular. A sealing block is fixedly mounted on one end of the clamping rod. The clamping rod is slidably connected to the pressure cylinder via the sealing block. The sealing block separates the pressure cylinder into two independent chambers, a pressure chamber and a return chamber. The pressure chamber is filled with hydraulic oil. The clamping rod is connected to the pressure chamber. The return spring is arranged in the return chamber. The return spring is sleeved on the clamping rod. One end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the sealing block. The return spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure cylinder.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure cylinder is slidably connected to the clamping rod through the sealing block, and the internal cavity is divided into a pressure chamber and a return chamber. The pressure chamber is filled with hydraulic oil. Such a setting can ensure that there is sufficient clamping force to clamp the casting, thereby ensuring stable clamping of the precision casting; the return spring can improve the operating efficiency of the clamping part, reduce the operating time of the clamping part, and avoid mechanical damage caused by long-term stress on the clamping rod; the use of flexible clamps can adapt to precision castings of different shapes and sizes, providing uniform and stable clamping force; it also helps to reduce the pressure concentration on the surface of the casting, reduce the risk of damage during the clamping process, and ensure the integrity of the casting.

[0028] Optionally, a locking piece is provided in the pressure cylinder, and the locking piece includes a sliding cylinder, a sliding seat, a locking buckle and a limit spring. A locking portion is fixedly provided on the side of the sealing block facing away from the clamping rod. The sliding cylinder is fixed on the inner wall of the pressure chamber facing the sealing block. The sliding seat is slidably provided in the sliding cylinder, and one end of the sliding seat faces the locking portion. The locking buckle is rotationally provided on the end of the sliding seat facing the locking portion. The locking buckle is rotationally provided on the end of the sliding seat facing the locking portion. Two groups of locking buckles are provided. The two groups of locking buckles are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the sliding seat. A limiting portion is fixedly provided on the side of the sliding seat facing away from the locking buckle. The limit spring is The locking hook is arranged on the limit portion, and a sliding groove is provided on the inner wall of the sliding cylinder. The sliding groove is arranged as an arrow-shaped special-shaped groove, and the arrow end of the sliding groove faces the locking buckle, and one end of the locking hook away from the limiting portion is slidably connected to the sliding groove; when the locking portion pushes the sliding seat to slide in the sliding cylinder, the sliding seat is limited by the locking hook, and the locking buckle is restricted by the sliding cylinder and bites with the locking portion, thereby locking the position of the sealing block.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the limit hook and the locking part cooperate, and the locking buckle can accurately lock the casting when the clamping member clamps the casting, avoiding accidental movement of the clamping rod during operation and ensuring the stability of the clamping process; the cooperation between the locking hook and the slide groove prevents the clamping rod from loosening at will after being locked, which reduces the damage or deformation that may be caused to the casting during the clamping process and improves the safety of operation; in addition, the setting of the locking member enables the operator to ensure the stability and precise positioning of the clamping rod only by activating the locking member at a specific position, which simplifies the operation process and improves the overall work efficiency.

[0030] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] 1. The combination of visual cameras and rubbing probes can realize automatic detection of surface defects of precision castings. When dealing with the detection of special-shaped castings with complex surfaces and multiple detailed features, the conventional solution is to set up multiple groups of visual cameras to reduce the existence of blind spots in the machine vision system, but the problem of missed detection cannot be avoided. However, the multiple groups of design and equal spacing of the rubbing probes can accurately replicate the external contours of the precision castings, so that the detection component can perform high-precision surface defect detection on castings with complex shapes, ensuring the accuracy of the detection results; at the same time, when the rubbing probe is not in full contact with the inner wall of the detection groove, the color change can intuitively reflect the defects on the surface of the casting, thereby achieving fast and effective defect identification; the color change at the end of the rubbing probe makes the complex surface features of the special-shaped castings simpler and more intuitive, and the visual camera can more easily and intuitively detect the defects on the surface in real time; the clamping component realizes the stable clamping of the precision castings through the driving parts, and can also press the castings on the mounting seat during the detection process, ensuring good contact between the rubbing probe and the surface of the casting, which not only improves the stability of the detection, but also reduces the detection errors caused by the movement or loosening of the castings;

[0032] 2. The sliding connection between the sliding tube and the detection head enables the probe to slide stably and accurately, ensuring that the detection head can fully contact the surface of the casting or the inner wall of the detection tank, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection; the design of the light-transmitting plate is divided into a yellow light-transmitting plate and a blue light-transmitting plate, and the two sets of light-transmitting plates can partially overlap. When the detection head contacts the inner wall of the detection tank, the display lamp beads emit different light signals through the visual window, so that the visual camera can keenly capture tiny surface defects, improve the sensitivity of detection, and thus provide clearer detection feedback and reduce the possibility of misjudgment; at the same time, a pressure switch is electrically connected to the display lamp beads, so that the display lamp beads will light up only when the pressure switch is stressed, ensuring that the display lamp beads will only generate light signals under the characteristic condition that the detection head abuts against the inner wall of the detection tank, so as to ensure the accurate transmission of the detection signal and avoid detection errors caused by false triggering or ambient light interference; at the same time, the reset spring set in the sliding tube can quickly restore the probe to its initial position after the detection is completed, thereby improving the efficiency of the detection and ensuring that the system can continuously perform detection operations without affecting the next detection cycle due to the probe being stuck or failing to reset;

[0033] 3. The air pump controls the expansion or contraction of the reset film by means of air extraction or inflation, so that the rubbing probe can smoothly return to the initial position, realizing the automatic reset function of the rubbing probe after the detection is completed, avoiding the tedious operation of manual reset, reducing human operation errors, and improving the automation and efficiency of the detection process. At the same time, this reset method avoids the problem of probe jamming or retention during the detection process, ensuring that the probe can always maintain the best detection state. Such a setting not only improves the continuity and efficiency of the detection, but also reduces the mechanical wear of the equipment and extends the service life of the equipment;

[0034] 4. The design of the avoidance groove and the clamping spring piece enables the sliding tube to slide smoothly on the mounting seat. When the precision casting applies pressure to the detection head, the clamping spring piece can effectively buffer and guide the movement of the sliding tube, ensuring that the movement of the detection head is smooth and reliable, reducing the friction of the detection head on the sliding tube, and improving the stability and durability of the system; in addition, the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the electromagnet. When the detection head on the sliding tube close to the electromagnet is under pressure, the electromagnet can respond quickly and adsorb, so that the detection head is in a fixed position during the detection process, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of the detection process;

[0035] 5. The set flip assembly enables the casting to be flipped at different angles during the inspection process, allowing the inspection system to conduct comprehensive inspections on all surfaces of the casting, thereby improving the coverage and accuracy of the inspection; at the same time, the flip plate and the supporting member in the flip assembly work together to achieve automatic fixation and release of the casting, reduce the intervention of operators, and improve the level of automation and inspection efficiency; the setting of the limiter ensures that the clamping member will not be in the start-up state during the feeding process, and the casting can only be flipped when it is placed on the supporting seat; therefore, the setting of the flip assembly improves the flexibility and operational stability of the system, ensuring that the casting will not be displaced or damaged during the flipping process;

[0036] 6. The color intensity of the green displayed in the visual window will be affected by the degree of overlap between the yellow transparent plate and the blue transparent plate. That is, the higher the degree of overlap between the yellow transparent plate and the blue transparent plate, the higher the color intensity of the green. In this way, the degree of missing of the thickness of the precision casting relative to the thickness of the standard part can be indirectly detected when there is actual missing on the surface. At the same time, it can also reflect the surface quality of the precision casting. Therefore, the visual camera sets different intervals according to the G value (green component) in the RGB color model. The visual camera will make different judgments based on the color intensity of green. When the G value range is 100-150, the color intensity of green is small and the color is lighter. The slight overlap of the yellow transparent plate and the blue transparent plate indicates that the thickness of the precision casting is thinner than that of the standard part, and its surface does not meet the actual production requirements, and there are certain slight surface defects; when the G value range is 151-200, the green is obvious, and the overlapping area of ​​the yellow transparent plate and the blue transparent plate is medium, which means that the surface of the precision casting meets the actual production requirements and there are almost no obvious defects on the surface; when the G value range is 201-255, the green display in the visual window is very bright, which means that the surface of the precision casting meets the actual production requirements and the surface is completely defect-free. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the half-section structure of the rubbing probe in the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure of the reset member in the embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the half-section structure of the clamping member in the embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the flip assembly in the embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A.

[0043] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting member in the embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Reference numerals: 1, frame; 11, support frame; 111, extension plate; 12, support plate; 121, rotating seat; 13, placement plate;

[0045] 2. Detection assembly; 21. Visual camera; 22. Mounting seat; 221. Avoidance groove; 222. Clip spring; 23. Rubbing probe; 231. Sliding tube; 2311. Visual window; 232. Detection head; 2321. Sliding part; 233. Reset spring; 234. Translucent plate; 2341. Piston block; 2342. Yellow transparent plate; 2343. Blue transparent plate; 235. Display lamp beads; 236. Pressure switch; 237. Pressure sensor; 238. Electromagnet; 24. Reference piece; 241. Detection groove; 25. Reset piece; 251. Reset membrane; 252. Air pump; 253. Air extraction pipe; 26. Reciprocating sliding piece; 261. Sliding block; 262. Slide rail; 263. Screw rod; 264. Motor; 265. Sliding seat; 2651. Connecting plate; 27. Lifting piece;

[0046] 3. Clamping assembly; 31. Driving member; 32. Mounting plate; 33. Clamping member; 331. Pressure cylinder; 3311. Pressure chamber; 3312. Return chamber; 332. Clamping rod; 3321. Sealing block; 3322. Locking part; 3323. Limiting ring; 333. Flexible clamping claw; 3331. Connecting block; 3332. Strip airbag; 3333. Protective cover; 334. Return spring; 34. Locking member; 341. Sliding cylinder; 3411. Sliding groove; 342. Sliding seat; 3421. Limiting part; 3422. Locking hook; 343. Locking buckle; 344. Limiting spring;

[0047] 4. Flip assembly; 41. Flip plate; 411. Rotating shaft; 42. Supporting plate; 43. Driven bevel gear; 431. Rotating groove; 44. Driving bevel gear;

[0048] 45, supporting member; 451, supporting seat; 452, abutting plate; 453, pressing rod; 454, abutting spring; 4511, receiving groove; 4512, slot; 4521, abutting rod; 4531, abutting groove;

[0049] 46, limit member; 461, locking cover; 462, locking rod; 463, elastic member;

[0050] 5. Transport parts; 51. Feed conveyor belt; 52. Discharge conveyor belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following is combined with Figure 1-7 This application is described in further detail.

[0052] The embodiment of the present application discloses an automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings.

[0053] Reference Figure 1The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings includes a transport part 5, a frame 1, a detection component 2, a clamping component 3 and a flipping component 4. Two groups of transport parts 5 are provided, and the two groups of transport parts 5 are respectively arranged on both sides of the mounting seat 22. The detection component 2 and the clamping component 3 are both installed on the frame 1, the clamping component 3 is located above the detection component 2, and the flipping component 4 is installed between the detection component 2 and the conveyor belt.

[0054] The transport component 5 is used to transport precision castings, the frame 1 serves as the installation base of the detection system, the detection component 2 can detect surface defects of precision castings, the clamping component 3 can hold and transfer the precision castings, and the flipping component 4 can flip the precision castings, with the inspected side facing down and the uninspected side facing up for subsequent continued inspection.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present application, the transport member 5 is provided with two groups, the two groups of conveyor belts are respectively a feed conveyor belt 51 and a discharge conveyor belt 52, the frame 1 is composed of two support plates 12, the feed conveyor belt 51 is arranged at one end of the support plate 12 in the length direction, and the discharge conveyor belt 52 is arranged at the other end of the support plate 12, the detection component 2 is installed on the two support plates 12, and the detection component 2 includes a support frame 11, a reciprocating sliding member 26, a mounting seat 22, a visual camera 21, a rubbing probe 23, a reference member 24, a lifting member 27 and a reset member 25,

[0056] The support frame 11 is set in a "door" shape. The support frame 11 is assumed to be on the support plate 12. The reciprocating sliding member 26 includes a slider 261, a slide rail 262, a screw 263 and a motor 264. The slider 261 is fixed at one end of the support frame 11, and the slide rail 262 is fixed on the support plate 12. The support frame 11 is slidably connected to the support plate 12 through the slider 261. Two sets of rotating seats 121 are fixed on the outer wall of the support plate 12. One end of the screw 263 rotates with the rotating seat 121. The screw rod 263 is rotatably arranged on the frame 1 through the rotating seat 121, a slide seat 265 is arranged on the screw rod 263, the slide seat 265 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 263, a connecting plate 2651 is arranged on the slide seat 265, one end of the connecting plate 2651 is fixedly connected to the slide seat 265, and the other end of the connecting plate 2651 is fixedly connected to the support plate 12, the motor 264 is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat 121, and the output shaft of the motor 264 is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod 263.

[0057] An extension plate 111 is fixed on the support frame 11, and the visual camera 21 is fixed on the extension plate 111. The visual camera 21 faces the mounting seat 22, and the mounting seat 22 is arranged between the two support plates 12. The two sides of the mounting seat 22 are respectively fixedly connected to the two mounting plates 32. An avoidance groove 221 is opened through the mounting seat 22, and a clamping spring 222 is arranged in the avoidance groove 221. The clamping spring 222 is provided in two groups, and the two groups of clamping springs 222 are symmetrically arranged in the width direction of the avoidance groove 221.

[0058] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present application, the rubbing probe 23 is slidably penetrated on the mounting seat 22, and multiple groups of the rubbing probes 23 are provided, and the rubbing probes 23 are arranged and distributed on the mounting seat 22 at equal intervals. The rubbing probe 23 includes a sliding tube 231, a display lamp bead 235, a detection head 232, a reset spring 233, a light-transmitting plate 234 and a piston block 2341. The sliding tube 231 is slidably penetrated on the mounting seat 22 in a vertical direction. A long strip-shaped pressure sensor 237 is provided on the outer wall of the sliding tube 231, and an electromagnet 238 is provided at the uppermost end of the sliding tube 231. The pressure sensor 237 is electrically connected to the electromagnet 238.

[0059] The display lamp bead 235 is installed on the inner wall of the sliding tube 231, and the position of the display lamp bead 235 is close to one end of the sliding tube 231 where the electromagnet 238 is provided. The display lamp bead 235 can be set as an LED lamp bead that emits white light. A visible window 2311 is opened on the sliding tube 231, and the visible window 2311 is directly opposite to the display lamp bead 235.

[0060] A sliding portion 2321 is provided at one end of the detection head 232, and the sliding portion 2321 is slidably connected to the sliding tube 231. The detection head 232 is coaxially slidably arranged at one end of the sliding tube 231 through the sliding portion 2321. In the embodiment of the present application, two groups of detection heads 232 are provided, and the two groups of detection heads 232 are respectively installed at the two ends of the sliding tube 231, and the two groups of detection heads 232 are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the sliding tube 231. A pressure switch 236 is provided on the detection head 232 away from the electromagnet 238, and the pressure switch 236 is electrically connected to the display lamp bead 235. A rounded corner is provided at one end of the detection head 232 away from the sliding portion 2321, so as to reduce the damage of the detection head 232 to the surface of the precision casting. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the end of the detection head 232 away from the sliding portion 2321 can also be set to other forms, such as a pointed cone, and the specific shape can be adaptively adjusted according to actual needs.

[0061] The return spring 233 is sleeved on the sliding part 2321, one end of the return spring 233 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding tube 231, and the other end of the return spring 233 is fixedly connected to the sliding part 2321. The light-transmitting plate 234 is arranged in the sliding tube 231, and a piston block 2341 is fixedly arranged at one end of the light-transmitting plate 234. The piston block 2341 is located at one end of the light-transmitting plate 234 close to the detection head 232. The light-transmitting plate 234 is slidably connected to the sliding tube 231 through the piston block 2341, and the space between the piston block 2341 and the sliding part 2321 is filled with hydraulic oil.

[0062] There are two groups of light-transmitting plates 234, which are respectively arranged as a yellow light-transmitting plate 2342 and a blue light-transmitting plate 2343. When the detection head 232 is squeezed, the ends of the two groups of light-transmitting plates 234 away from the piston block 2341 are forced to partially overlap with each other, and the display lamp beads 235 are facing the overlapping parts of the two groups of light-transmitting plates 234, and the blue light-transmitting plate 2343 is located above the yellow light-transmitting plate 2342.

[0063] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A detection groove 241 having the same shape as the position to be detected of the precision casting is opened on the reference piece 24, and the opening direction of the detection groove 241 faces the mounting seat 22. The reference piece 24 is installed below the mounting seat 22. A placement plate 13 is fixed between the two support plates 12. The reference piece 24 is located on the placement plate 13. The lifting frame is fixed on the side of the placement plate 13 away from the reference piece 24. The lifting piece 27 is set as a cylinder, and the protruding end of the lifting piece 27 is fixedly connected to the reference piece 24. There are two groups of lifting pieces 27, and the two groups of lifting pieces 27 are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the reference piece 24. The lifting piece 27 can lift the reference piece 24, thereby improving the applicability of the system.

[0064] The reset member 25 includes a reset membrane 251, an exhaust pipe 253 and an air pump 252. The air pump 252 is fixed on the support plate 12. The reset membrane 251 is sealed and covered on the detection groove 241. The peripheral side of the reset membrane 251 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the control member 24. A closed cavity is formed between the reset membrane 251 and the inner wall of the detection groove 241. The exhaust pipe 253 is arranged on the reset membrane 251. One end of the exhaust pipe 253 is connected to the reset membrane 251 and the cavity formed between the inner wall of the detection groove 241. The other end of the exhaust pipe 253 is connected to the air pump 252.

[0065] In more detail, when the precision casting is placed on the rubbing probe 23, the precision casting is pressed, the detection head 232 close to the electromagnet 238 is pressed down, and the blue transparent plate 2343 moves downward, which will drive the sliding tube 231 to slide on the mounting seat 22, and the pressure sensor 237 abuts against the clamping spring 222. The electromagnet 238 starts to adsorb the detection head 232 at one end of the sliding tube 231 away from the reference piece 24. At this time, the position of the blue transparent plate 2343 is fixed. As the precision casting is continuously pressed, the rubbing probe 23 on the side of the mounting seat 22 facing the reference piece 24 can three-dimensionally rub the outer contour of the precision casting. At this time, the detection head 232 located in the detection groove 241 will abut against the inner wall of the detection groove 241, and the pressure switch 236 will be When it is turned on, the yellow transparent plate 2342 moves up, the blue transparent plate 2343 overlaps with the yellow transparent plate 2342, and the visible window 2311 is displayed in green after being illuminated by the display lamp 235; when a defect appears on the surface of the precision casting, the detection head 232 corresponding to the defect position cannot be pressed down. At this time, the detection head 232 at the other end of the corresponding position cannot abut against the inner wall of the detection groove 241, the pressure switch 236 is not turned on, and the display lamp 235 in the corresponding sliding cylinder 341 cannot be lit, and there is no colored light in the visual window 2311. At this time, the visual camera 21 detects whether there are any unlit rubbing probes 23 in the specified detection area, so as to detect whether there are actual defects on the surface of the precision casting and whether the surface of the precision casting is complete.

[0066] In addition, even if the surface of a precision casting is intact, it does not mean that its surface is free of defects, because in the actual casting process, there will be defects such as cold shut, peeling, dents and scratches that affect the surface quality of precision castings. At this time, although the display lamp 235 is lit, the color intensity of green displayed by the visual window 2311 will be affected by the degree of overlap between the yellow transparent plate 2342 and the blue transparent plate 2343, that is, the higher the degree of overlap between the yellow transparent plate 2342 and the blue transparent plate 2343, the higher the color intensity of green, which means that the surface of the precision casting is intact and without defects.

[0067] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the visual camera 21 sets different intervals according to the G value (green component) in the RGB color model, and the visual camera 21 will make a different judgment based on the color intensity of green. Specifically, when the G value range is 100-150, the green color intensity is small and the color is lighter. The slight overlap of the yellow transparent plate 2342 and the blue transparent plate 2343 indicates that the surface of the precision casting does not meet the actual surface quality requirements and there are certain slight surface defects; when the G value range is 151-200, the green color is obvious, and the overlapping area of ​​the yellow transparent plate 2342 and the blue transparent plate 2343 is medium, which indicates that there are almost no obvious defects on the surface of the precision casting; when the G value range is 201-255, the green display of the visual window 2311 is very bright, which indicates that the surface of the precision casting is complete and defect-free.

[0068] After the detection is completed, the air pump 252 inflates the detection groove 241 by sucking air, and the reset membrane 251 will be inflated, so that the rubbing probe 23 is returned to its original position, and the precision casting is also lifted up at the same time; then when the air pump 252 sucks air outwards through the exhaust pipe 253, the reset membrane 251 can shrink and fit tightly with the inner wall of the detection groove 241.

[0069] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The clamping assembly 3 includes a driving member 31, a mounting plate 32 and a clamping member 33. The clamping member 33 includes a pressure cylinder 331, a clamping rod 332, a flexible clamping claw 333, a return spring 334 and a locking member 34. In the embodiment of the present application, the driving member 31 can be set as a cylinder. The driving member 31 is fixed on the support frame 11, and the mounting plate 32 is rotatably connected to the output end of the driving member 31. The driving member 31 is set as a cylinder. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the driving member 31 can also be set as other linear actuators.

[0070] The pressure cylinder 331 is fixed on the mounting plate 32, the clamping rod 332 is configured to be tubular, a sealing block 3321 is provided at one end of the clamping rod 332, the clamping rod 332 is slidably connected to the sealing block 3321, a limiting ring 3323 is fixed on the clamping rod 332, two groups of limiting rings 3323 are provided, and are respectively located on both sides of the sealing block 3321, the sealing block 3321 is slidably connected to the pressure cylinder 331, the sealing block 3321 separates the pressure cylinder 331 into two independent chambers, a pressure chamber 3311 and a return chamber 3312, the pressure chamber 3311 is filled with hydraulic fluid, and the clamping rod 332 is connected to the pressure chamber 3311.

[0071] The flexible clamp 333 is arranged at one end of the clamping rod 332 away from the sealing block 3321. The flexible clamp 333 includes a connecting block 3331, a strip air bag 3332 and a protective cover 3333. The connecting block 3331 is fixedly connected to the end of the clamping rod 332 away from the sealing block 3321. Two groups of strip air bags 3332 are arranged. The two groups of strip air bags 3332 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting block 3331 with the clamping rod 332 as the axis. The strip air bags 3332 are connected to the pressure chamber 3311 through the clamping rod 332, and the ductility of the two sides of the strip air bags 3332 is different. The elasticity of the strip air bags 3332 toward the clamping rod 332 is better than the elasticity of the strip air bags 3332 away from the clamping rod 332. The protective cover 3333 is sleeved on the strip air bags 3332, and one end of the protective cover 3333 is rotatably connected to the connecting block 3331.

[0072] The return spring 334 is arranged in the return chamber 3312, and the return spring 334 is sleeved on the clamping rod 332. One end of the return spring 334 is fixedly connected to the sealing block 3321, and the return spring 334 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure cylinder 331. There are multiple groups of clamping members 33, and the multiple groups of clamping members 33 are linearly arranged along the length direction of the mounting plate 32, so that when facing complex special-shaped castings, the clamping members 33 can stably clamp the castings as much as possible.

[0073] Reference Figure 4 The locking member 34 includes a sliding cylinder 341, a sliding seat 342, a locking buckle 343 and a limit spring 344. A locking portion 3322 is fixedly provided on the side of the sealing block 3321 away from the clamping rod 332. The sliding cylinder 341 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the pressure chamber 3311 facing the sealing block 3321. The sliding seat 342 is slidably arranged in the sliding cylinder 341, and one end of the sliding seat 342 faces the locking portion 3322. The locking buckle 343 is rotatably arranged on one end of the sliding seat 342 facing the locking portion 3322. The locking buckle 343 is rotatably arranged on one end of the sliding seat 342 facing the locking portion 3322. The locking buckle 343 is rotatably arranged on one end of the sliding seat 342 facing the locking portion 3322. Two groups of locking buckles 343 are arranged, and the two groups of locking buckles 343 are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the sliding seat 342.

[0074] A limiting portion 3421 is fixedly provided on the side of the sliding seat 342 facing away from the locking buckle 343, and a limiting spring 344 is arranged in the sliding cylinder 341, one end of the limiting spring 344 is fixedly connected to the sliding seat 342, and one end of the limiting spring 344 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding cylinder 341, and the end of the limiting spring 344 connected to the sliding seat 342 is located in the limiting portion 3421, and a locking hook 3422 is rotatably provided on the limiting portion 3421, and a sliding groove 3411 is opened on the inner wall of the sliding cylinder 341, and the sliding groove 3411 is set as an arrow-shaped special-shaped groove, and the arrow end of the sliding groove 3411 faces the locking buckle 343, and the end of the locking hook 3422 away from the limiting portion 3421 is slidably connected to the sliding groove 3411.

[0075] In more detail, when the flexible clamping claw 333 needs to clamp the precision casting, the driving member 31 drives the mounting plate 32 to move in the vertical direction, so that the connecting block 3331 abuts against the precision casting. At this time, the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 3311 is injected into the strip airbag 3332 through the clamping rod 332, and the strip airbag 3332 will curl toward one side of the precision casting. At the same time, the locking portion 3322 pushes the sliding seat 342 to slide in the sliding cylinder 341, and the locking hook 3422 is limited by the sliding groove 3411, and the sliding seat 342 is limited by the locking hook 3422. The locking buckle 343 is restricted by the sliding cylinder 341 and engages with the locking part 3322, so that the position of the sealing block 3321 is locked, thereby achieving stable clamping of the precision casting; when contact clamping is required, it is only necessary to press the driving part 31 downward to make the locking hook 3422 disengage from the limit of the slide groove 3411, and the locking buckle 343 and the locking part 3322 are no longer engaged with each other. Under the action of the return spring 334, the sealing block 3321 slides toward the return chamber 3312, and the hydraulic oil in the strip airbag 3332 is pumped back into the pressure chamber 3311.

[0076] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The flip assembly 4 includes a flip plate 41, a supporting plate 42, a driven bevel gear 43, a driving bevel gear 44, a supporting member 45 and a limiting member 46. The supporting member 45 includes a supporting seat 451, a pressing plate 452, a pressing rod 453 and a pressing spring 454.

[0077] A rotating shaft 411 is fixedly provided at one end of the flip plate 41, and the flip plate 41 is rotatably arranged between the two support plates 12 through the rotating shaft 411. The flip plate 41 is located between the discharge conveyor belt 52 and the mounting seat 22. The supporting plate 42 is fixedly mounted between the two support plates 12, and the supporting plate 42 is located between the rotating shaft 411 and the mounting seat 22. The driven bevel gear 43 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft 411 away from the flip plate 41, and the driving bevel gear 44 is fixedly connected to the end of the screw rod 263 away from the motor 264, and the driving bevel gear 44 is meshed with the driven bevel gear 43.

[0078] The supporting seat 451 is fixed on the end of the flip plate 41 away from the rotating shaft 411, and a receiving groove 4511 and a slot 4512 are provided on the supporting seat 451. A contact rod 4521 is fixed on the clamping plate 452, and the clamping plate 452 is slidably set in the receiving groove 4511 through the contact rod 4521. One end of the pressing rod 453 is slidably set in the slot 4512, and the other end of the pressing rod 453 extends out of the supporting seat 451. The pressing rod 453 is provided with a contact groove 4531, and one end of the abutting rod 4521 away from the clamping plate 452 extends into the slot 4512 and abuts against the pressing rod 453. A clamping spring 454 is provided in the slot 4512, and one end of the clamping spring 454 is fixedly connected to one end of the pressing rod 453, and the other end of the clamping spring 454 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slot 4512.

[0079] The limiting member 46 includes a locking cover 461, a locking rod 462 and an elastic member 463. A rotation groove 431 is provided on the surface of the driven bevel gear 43 close to the rotating shaft 411. The rotation groove 431 is set as a one-way tooth groove in the shape of a ratchet. The locking cover 461 is rotatably embedded in the rotation groove 431. The side of the locking cover 461 facing away from the driven bevel gear 43 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 411. One end of the locking rod 462 is rotatably set on the locking cover 461, and the other end of the locking rod 462 can extend into the tooth surface of the rotation groove 431 during the rotation of the driven bevel gear 43. The elastic member 463 is set at one end of the locking rod 462, one end of the elastic member 463 is fixedly connected to the locking rod 462, and the other end of the locking rod 462 is fixedly connected to the locking cover 461.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present application, the elastic member 463 may be configured as a lifting spring. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the elastic member 463 may also be configured as other elastic components.

[0081] The motor 264 drives the screw rod 263 to rotate, causing the support frame 11 to slide in the direction of the flip plate 41, so that the precision casting is sent to the rubbing probe 23 through the clamping member 33, and the precision casting is transported to the flip plate 41 after the detection is completed. At this time, due to the setting of the limit member 46, the rotating shaft 411 and the driven bevel gear 43 rotate with each other; when the clamping member 33 places the casting into the supporting seat 451, the mounting plate 32 will abut against one end extending out of the supporting seat 451, the pressing rod 453 is pressed down, and the pressing plate 452 slides toward the side of the pressing rod 453 After the casting is placed in the supporting seat 451, the pressing rod 453 loses the pressing of the mounting plate 32, and the clamping plate 452 can fix the casting in the supporting seat 451; as the support frame 11 slides to the side away from the flip plate 41, one end of the locking rod 462 extends into the tooth surface of the rotating groove 431, so that the driven bevel gear 43 drives the rotating shaft 411 to rotate, thereby causing the flip plate 41 to deflect toward the second conveyor belt. Until the flip plate 41 is placed on the second conveyor belt, the pressing rod 453 is pressed back by the second conveyor belt, and the casting is turned over and placed on the second conveyor belt.

[0082] The implementation principle of the automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings of the embodiment of the present application is as follows: under the action of the screw rod 263, the clamping member 33 transfers the casting on the feed conveyor belt 51 to the rubbing probe 23, presses the precision casting, and the detection head 232 close to the electromagnet 238 is pressed down, and the clamping member 33 automatically releases the casting. At the same time, the rubbing probe 23 on the side of the mounting seat 22 facing the reference member 24 can three-dimensionally rub the external contour of the precision casting, and the detection head 232 located in the detection groove 241 will abut against the inner wall of the detection groove 241, the pressure switch 236 is turned on, and the visible window 2311 is displayed in green; then the clamping member 33 clamps the casting again, and continues to drive the support frame 11 to slide through the screw rod 263, so that the visual camera 21 faces the mounting seat 22, and the visual camera 21 detects whether there is an unlit rubbing probe 23 in the specified detection area, thereby detecting whether there are defects on the surface of the precision casting;

[0083] Finally, the clamping member 33 places the casting into the supporting seat 451, and the clamping plate 452 can fix the casting in the supporting seat 451; as the support frame 11 slides to the side away from the flip plate 41, one end of the locking rod 462 extends into the tooth surface of the rotating groove 431, so that the driven bevel gear 43 drives the rotating shaft 411 to rotate, thereby causing the flip plate 41 to deflect toward the second conveyor belt until the flip plate 41 is placed on the second conveyor belt to complete the flipping of the casting, and at the same time, the air pump 252 inflates the detection groove 241, and the reset membrane 251 will be inflated to reset the rubbing probe 23; then when the air pump 252 pumps air outwards, the reset membrane 251 shrinks to fit tightly against the inner wall of the detection groove 241, so as to carry out surface defect detection of the next casting.

[0084] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings, characterized by: It comprises a frame (1), a clamping assembly (3) arranged on the frame (1) for clamping a precision casting, and a detection assembly (2) for detecting surface defects of the precision casting; The detection assembly (2) comprises a visual camera (21), a mounting seat (22), a rubbing probe (23) and a reference piece (24); a support frame (11) is provided on the frame (1); the visual camera (21) is fixedly mounted on the support frame (11); the visual camera (21) faces the mounting seat (22); the mounting seat (22) is fixedly mounted on the frame (1); the rubbing probe (23) is slidably mounted on the mounting seat (22); a plurality of groups of the rubbing probes (23) are provided, and the rubbing probes (23) are arranged and distributed at equal intervals on the mounting seat (22); the reference piece (24) is arranged below the mounting seat (22); and a detection groove (241) having the same shape as the position to be detected of the precision casting is opened on the reference piece (24); The clamping assembly (3) is mounted above the mounting seat (22) via the support frame (11), and the clamping assembly (3) comprises a driving member (31), a mounting plate (32) and a clamping member (33); the driving member (31) is fixedly mounted on the support frame (11), the mounting plate (32) is rotatably connected to an output end of the driving member (31), and the clamping member (33) is arranged on the mounting plate (32); the driving member (31) can drive the clamping member (33) to move in a vertical direction, and the clamping member (33) can automatically clamp the precision casting; The clamping member (33) can press the precision casting onto the mounting seat (22); the rubbing probe (23) can three-dimensionally rub the outer contour of the precision casting on a side of the mounting seat (22) close to the reference member (24); and one end of the rubbing probe (23) close to the reference member (24) can abut against the inner wall of the detection groove (241); at this time, the other end of the rubbing probe (23) can display one color; when the end of the rubbing probe (23) close to the reference member (24) does not abut against the inner wall of the detection groove (241), the other end of the rubbing probe (23) can display another color; and the visual camera (21) detects surface defects of the precision casting according to the different colors displayed by the rubbing probe (23).

2. According to claim 1, the automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings is characterized by: The rubbing probe (23) comprises a sliding tube (231), a detection head (232), a return spring (233) and a light-transmitting plate (234); a display lamp bead (235) is arranged on the inner wall of one end of the sliding tube (231); a visual window (2311) is provided on the sliding tube (231); the visual window (2311) is directly opposite to the display lamp bead (235); the sliding tube (231) is slidably penetrated on the mounting plate (32); a sliding portion (2321) is provided on the detection head (232); the sliding portion (2321) is slidably connected to the sliding tube (231); the detection head (232) is slidably arranged on the sliding portion (2321) The return spring (233) is sleeved on the sliding portion (2321), one end of the return spring (233) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding tube (231), and the other end of the return spring (233) is fixedly connected to the sliding portion (2321); the light-transmitting plate (234) is arranged in the sliding tube (231), and a piston block (2341) is fixedly provided at one end of the light-transmitting plate (234) away from the display lamp bead (235), and the light-transmitting plate (234) is slidably arranged in the sliding tube (231) through the piston block (2341), and the space between the piston block (2341) and the sliding portion (2321) is filled with hydraulic oil; The detection heads (232) and the light-transmitting plates (234) are each provided in two groups, the two groups of detection heads (232) are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the sliding tube (231), the two groups of light-transmitting plates (234) are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the sliding tube (231) with the display lamp bead (235) as the center, the two groups of light-transmitting plates (234) are respectively provided as yellow light-transmitting plates (2342) and blue light-transmitting plates (2343), and the two groups of light-transmitting plates (234) are respectively provided as yellow light-transmitting plates (2342) and blue light-transmitting plates (2343). 34) The ends away from the piston block (2341) can partially overlap each other, the display lamp bead (235) faces the overlapping part of the two groups of light-transmitting plates (234), and a pressure switch (236) is provided on the detection head (232) away from the blue light-transmitting plate (2343). The pressure switch (236) is electrically connected to the display lamp bead (235). Only when the pressure switch (236) is subjected to force, the display lamp bead (235) will light up.

3. The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control member (24) is provided with a reset member (25), the reset member (25) comprising a reset membrane (251) and an air pump (252), the reset membrane (251) being sealed and covered on the detection groove (241), the peripheral side of the reset membrane (251) being fixedly connected to the control member (24), a closed cavity being formed between the reset membrane (251) and the inner wall of the detection groove (241), and an air pump (252) being provided on the reset membrane (251) The air pump (252) is connected to the air pump (252). When the air pump (252) inflates the detection groove (241) through the air extraction, the reset membrane (251) is inflated, thereby resetting the rubbing probe (23); when the air pump (252) extracts air outward through the air extraction tube (253), the reset membrane (251) can shrink and fit closely with the inner wall of the detection groove (241).

4. The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The mounting seat (22) is provided with an avoidance groove (221), a clamping spring (222) is arranged in the avoidance groove (221), a long strip-shaped pressure sensor (237) is arranged on the outer wall of the sliding tube (231), an electromagnet (238) is arranged at one end of the sliding tube (231) away from the reference piece (24), and the pressure sensor (237) is electrically connected to the electromagnet (238); when the precision casting presses down the detection head (232) at one end of the sliding tube (231) away from the reference piece (24), the detection head (232) drives the sliding tube (231) to slide on the mounting seat (22), the pressure sensor (237) abuts against the clamping spring (222), and the electromagnet (238) starts to adsorb the detection head (232) at one end of the sliding tube (231) away from the reference piece (24).

5. The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The frame (1) is provided with a reciprocating sliding member (26), the reciprocating sliding member (26) comprising a slider (261), a slide rail (262), a screw rod (263) and a motor (264); the slider (261) is fixedly mounted on the support frame (11); the slide rail (262) is fixedly mounted on the frame (1); the support frame (11) is slidably connected to the frame (1) via the slider (261); the screw rod (263) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1); a slide seat (265) is disposed on the screw rod (263); the slide seat (265) is threadedly connected to the screw rod (263); the slide seat (265) is fixedly connected to the support frame (11); the motor (264) is fixedly mounted on the frame (1); and an output shaft of the motor (264) is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod (263).

6. The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A flip assembly (4) is also provided on one side of the support frame (11), and the flip assembly (4) comprises a flip plate (41), a supporting plate (42), a driven bevel gear (43), a driving bevel gear (44), a supporting member (45) and a stopper (46); a rotating shaft (411) is fixedly provided at one end of the flip plate (41); the flip plate (41) is rotatably arranged on the frame (1) via the rotating shaft (411); the supporting plate (42) is fixedly arranged on the frame (1), and the supporting plate (42) is located between the rotating shaft (411) and the mounting seat (22); the driven bevel gear (43) and the rotating shaft (411) are away from the flip plate The driving bevel gear (44) is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod (263) away from the motor (264), the driving bevel gear (44) is fixedly connected to the one end of the screw rod (263) away from the motor (264), the driving bevel gear (44) is meshed with the driven bevel gear (43), the supporting member (45) is arranged at one end of the flip plate (41) away from the rotating shaft (411), the supporting member (45) can automatically fix the precision casting, and the supporting member (45) is automatically released after the flip plate (41) flips the precision casting, and the limiting member (46) is arranged on the driven bevel gear (43), and the limiting member (46) can limit the rotation direction of the driven bevel gear (43).

7. The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings according to claim 6 is characterized by: The supporting member (45) comprises a supporting seat (451), a clamping plate (452), a pressing rod (453) and a clamping spring (454); the supporting seat (451) is fixedly arranged at one end of the flip plate (41) away from the rotating shaft (411); a receiving groove (4511) and a slot (4512) are provided on the supporting seat (451); a contact rod (4521) is fixedly arranged on the clamping plate (452); the contact plate (452) is slidably arranged in the receiving groove (4511) through the contact rod (4521); one end of the pressing rod (453) is slidably arranged in the slot (4512); the other end of the pressing rod (453) protrudes from the supporting seat (451); the pressing rod (453) ) is provided with an abutment groove (4531), one end of the abutment rod (4521) away from the clamping plate (452) extends into the slot (4512) to abut against the pressing rod (453), and the clamping spring (454) is arranged in the slot (4512), one end of the clamping spring (454) is fixedly connected to one end of the pressing rod (453), and the other end of the clamping spring (454) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slot (4512); when the pressing rod (453) is pressed toward one side of the slot (4512), the end of the abutment rod (4521) away from the clamping plate (452) will slide into the abutment groove (4531), and the clamping plate (452) will release the clamping against the precision casting.

8. The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings according to claim 6 is characterized by: The limiting member (46) comprises a locking cover (461), a locking rod (462) and an elastic member (463); a rotation groove (431) is provided on a surface of the driven bevel gear (43) close to the rotating shaft (411); the rotation groove (431) is configured as a one-way tooth groove in the shape of a ratchet; the locking cover (461) is rotatably embedded in the rotation groove (431); a surface of the locking cover (461) facing away from the driven bevel gear (43) is fixed to one end of the rotating shaft (411). The locking rod (462) is connected to the locking cover (461), one end of the locking rod (462) is rotatably arranged on the locking cover (461), and the other end of the locking rod (462) can extend into the tooth surface of the rotating groove (431) during the rotation of the driven bevel gear (43), the elastic member (463) is arranged at one end of the locking rod (462), one end of the elastic member (463) is fixedly connected to the locking rod (462), and the other end of the locking rod (462) is fixedly connected to the locking cover (461).

9. The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping member (33) comprises a pressure cylinder (331), a clamping rod (332), a flexible clamping claw (333) and a return spring (334); the pressure cylinder (331) is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate (32); the clamping rod (332) is configured to be tubular; a sealing block (3321) is fixedly mounted on one end of the clamping rod (332); the clamping rod (332) is slidably connected to the pressure cylinder (331) via the sealing block (3321); the sealing block (3321) separates the pressure cylinder (331) to form a pressure chamber (331); The pressure chamber (3311) and the return chamber (3312) are two independent chambers. The pressure chamber (3311) is filled with hydraulic oil. The clamping rod (332) is connected to the pressure chamber (3311). The return spring (334) is arranged in the return chamber (3312). The return spring (334) is sleeved on the clamping rod (332). One end of the return spring (334) is fixedly connected to the sealing block (3321). The return spring (334) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure cylinder (331).

10. The automatic detection system for surface defects of precision castings according to claim 9, characterized in that: A locking member (34) is arranged in the pressure cylinder (331), and the locking member (34) comprises a sliding cylinder (341), a sliding seat (342), a locking buckle (343) and a limit spring (344). A locking portion (3322) is fixedly arranged on a side of the sealing block (3321) away from the clamping rod (332). The sliding cylinder (341) is fixedly arranged on an inner wall of the pressure chamber (3311) facing the sealing block (3321). The sliding seat (342) is slidably arranged in the sliding cylinder (341), and one end of the sliding seat (342) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the pressure chamber (3311) facing the sealing block (3321). For the locking portion (3322), the locking buckle (343) is rotatably arranged at one end of the sliding seat (342) facing the locking portion (3322), the locking buckle (343) is rotatably arranged at one end of the sliding seat (342) facing the locking portion (3322), the locking buckle (343) is provided with two groups, the two groups of locking buckles (343) are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the sliding seat (342), a limiting portion (3421) is fixed on a side of the sliding seat (342) away from the locking buckle (343), and the limiting spring (344 ) is arranged in the sliding cylinder (341), one end of the limit spring (344) is fixedly connected to the sliding seat (342), one end of the limit spring (344) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding cylinder (341), the end of the limit spring (344) connected to the sliding seat (342) is located in the limiting portion (3421), and a locking hook (3422) is rotatably arranged on the limiting portion (3421), a sliding groove (3411) is opened on the inner wall of the sliding cylinder (341), and the sliding groove (3411) is set as an arrow-shaped special-shaped groove, and the sliding The arrow end of the groove (3411) faces the locking buckle (343), and one end of the locking hook (3422) away from the limiting portion (3421) is slidably connected to the sliding groove (3411); when the locking portion (3322) pushes the sliding seat (342) to slide in the sliding cylinder (341), the sliding seat (342) is limited by the locking hook (3422), and the locking buckle (343) is limited by the sliding cylinder (341) and engages with the locking portion (3322), so that the position of the sealing block (3321) is locked.

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