Energy storage fire fighting system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, and discloses an energy storage fire fighting system, which is applied to an energy storage device. The energy storage device includes an energy storage box, a plurality of battery packs located in the energy storage box, and a control module for controlling the opening and closing of a solenoid valve, the opening and closing of a cabin-level gas fire fighting, and the opening and closing of a cabin-level water fire fighting. Each battery pack is provided with a first fire fighting structure for fire fighting through a refrigerant, and each battery pack is provided with a first detection module for detecting the temperature of a battery cell in the battery pack. The first detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module; when the control module receives that the temperature information detected by the first detection module is higher than a preset first temperature threshold, the first level fire fighting is started, and the refrigerant is sprayed into the battery pack through the first fire fighting structure. The present invention can improve the fire fighting reaction speed, improve the safety of use, quickly suppress the thermal runaway of the battery pack, prevent the thermal runaway of the battery pack from transmitting high temperature to the adjacent battery pack, affect the normal operation of the adjacent battery pack, and avoid fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and in particular to an energy storage fire fighting system and method. Background Art

[0002] When a battery pack in an energy storage system experiences an abnormal and rapid temperature rise, it is usually cooled through a heat sink or exhaust fan first. If the abnormal condition of the battery pack continues after exhaust and heat dissipation, the battery pack's continued high temperature and thermal runaway may easily lead to a fire. Currently, there is an urgent need for an energy storage fire fighting system that can quickly respond to fire fighting, dissipate heat and cool the battery pack while fighting fire, suppress thermal runaway of the battery pack, and avoid fire. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an energy storage fire fighting system that can improve the fire fighting response speed, improve the safety of use, quickly suppress thermal runaway of the battery pack, prevent the thermal runaway of the battery pack from transmitting high temperature to adjacent battery packs, affect the normal operation of adjacent battery packs, and avoid fire.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an energy storage fire fighting system is applied to an energy storage device, the energy storage device includes an energy storage box, a plurality of battery packs located in the energy storage box, and a control module for controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, the opening and closing of the cabin-level gas fire fighting, and the opening and closing of the cabin-level water fire fighting, each of the battery packs is provided with a first fire fighting structure for fire fighting through a refrigerant, each of the battery packs is provided with a first detection module for detecting the temperature of the battery core in the battery pack, and the first detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module;

[0005] When the control module receives temperature information detected by the first detection module that is higher than a preset first temperature threshold, the first level fire protection is initiated, and the refrigerant is sprayed into the battery pack through the first fire protection structure.

[0006] Explanation: The energy storage device includes a battery cluster rack, and multiple battery packs are placed in rows on corresponding support racks on the battery cluster rack. Usually, there are adjacent battery packs above, below, left and right of a battery pack.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0008] 1) It can quickly detect the temperature change in the battery pack and respond in time. Through the refrigerant and the first fire fighting structure, the refrigerant can quickly dissipate the heat and cool down the battery cells in the battery pack, take away the heat generated by the battery cells, and quickly and timely suppress the thermal runaway of the battery pack, prevent the thermal runaway of the battery pack from transmitting high temperature to the adjacent battery packs, affect the normal operation of the adjacent battery packs, prevent the occurrence of fires caused by thermal runaway of the battery pack, improve the fire fighting response speed, ensure that when the temperature of the battery pack is abnormal, the danger is suppressed in the battery pack, and improve the safety of use;

[0009] 2) The present invention uses refrigerant as a fire-fighting medium, which can also quickly dilute the concentration of combustible gas volatilized from the battery cells in the battery pack, which can not only dissipate heat and cool the battery cells, but also avoid fires caused by the combustible gas concentration being easily ignited when encountering a fire source.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each battery cell in the battery pack is provided with a first detection module, and the first detection module is close to the battery cell explosion-proof valve.

[0011] Beneficial effect: The first detection module can quickly detect changes in the battery core temperature and improve the fire response speed.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first fire protection structure includes a plurality of fire protection pipes arranged in the battery pack, and one end of the plurality of fire protection pipes is connected to a first joint, the first joint is located between the battery module and the front end plate of the box, and the first joint is directly opposite to the central axis in the width direction of the cold plate.

[0013] Beneficial effects: 1) Multiple fire-fighting pipes are arranged in the battery pack, which can cover all parts of the battery pack, so as to timely and fully cool down and fire-proof all parts of the battery pack; 2) Since the fuse, smoke sensor, and battery management system of the battery pack are located between the battery module and the front end plate of the battery pack case, and the first connector is located between the battery module and the front end plate of the battery pack case, the internal space of the battery pack can be fully utilized without increasing the original length and width of the battery pack, thereby reducing the increase in production costs; 3) The path between the fire-fighting pipes is made as short as possible, and the fire flows quickly to the corresponding battery module.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of each fire-fighting pipeline close to the first connector is fixed to the end plate of the battery module by a cable tie.

[0015] Beneficial effect: With the existing battery module end plate, there is no need to set up additional components for limiting the fire-fighting pipeline, and the fire-fighting pipeline can be limited.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the fire-fighting pipelines is arranged on the corresponding battery module and along the center line of the battery module in the width direction. A plurality of vias are provided on the side wall of the fire-fighting pipeline, and the vias are directly opposite to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell on the battery module.

[0017] Beneficial effect: The via is directly opposite to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell on the battery module, that is, the fire-fighting pipeline outlet is arranged directly above each battery cell. When the internal pressure of the battery is abnormal and the explosion-proof valve is opened, a large amount of high-temperature gas is released from the explosion-proof valve. The fire-fighting pipeline outlet is directly opposite to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell and can respond quickly to cool the high-temperature gas, cool the battery cell, dilute the released gas, promptly lower the temperature of the surrounding environment, reduce heat transfer, and prevent the occurrence of fire from the battery pack, that is, control it from the source of fire.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a liquid inlet pipe for providing refrigerant, a first pipe for providing refrigerant to the direct cooling plate, a third pipe and a solenoid valve, one end of the third pipe is connected to the first joint, and the other end is connected to the solenoid valve, and the liquid inlet pipe and the first pipe are both connected to the solenoid valve.

[0019] Beneficial effect: The solenoid valve can control the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant in the liquid cooling unit can be directly used as the fire-fighting medium. When the battery cells in the battery pack are normally cooled, the refrigerant flows to the direct cooling plate through the liquid inlet pipe, the solenoid valve, and the first pipe. When the abnormal battery cells are cooled, the refrigerant flows to the fire-fighting pipeline through the liquid inlet pipe, the solenoid valve, the third pipeline, and the first joint. When the battery pack is abnormal, the refrigerant is sprayed into the battery pack through the fire-fighting pipeline. Compared with the separately set PACK-level fire-fighting, the fire-fighting in the PACK-level fire-fighting can be omitted. The fire-fighting tank, the main pipeline in the energy storage container (or the fire-fighting pipeline in the energy storage battery cabinet), and the branch pipeline connected to the main pipeline are laid out. The present invention directly uses the liquid-cooled liquid inlet pipeline as the fire-fighting liquid inlet pipeline, which can save the layout space and reduce the installation and maintenance costs of the pipeline. At the same time, it can also be equipped with a smaller fire-fighting tank. Since the fire-fighting tank is placed in the electrical cabin and the fire-fighting tank is located on the air inlet channel of the electrical cabinet, the volume of the fire-fighting tank is reduced, which can reduce the obstruction to the wind, increase the air volume entering the electrical cabinet, and improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the electrical cabinet.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a cabin-level gas fire fighting structure for fire fighting by gas is provided in the energy storage box, and a second detection module for detecting the temperature of the energy storage box is provided in the energy storage box at intervals, and the second detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module;

[0021] When the control module receives temperature information detected by the second detection module that is higher than a preset second temperature threshold, the secondary fire fighting is initiated, and the gas is sprayed toward the energy storage box through the cabin-level gas fire fighting structure.

[0022] Beneficial effects: Secondary fire protection can enhance firefighting efforts and achieve firefighting at each level.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of second detection modules are spaced apart on the inner surface of the top of the energy storage box, and the second detection modules are opposite to the upper surfaces of the corresponding battery packs.

[0024] Beneficial effect: The design in which the second detection module is opposite to the upper surface of the corresponding battery pack can make the path between the second detection module and the battery pack as short as possible, and the temperature change can be detected quickly.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a cabin-level water fire-fighting structure for fire-fighting by water is provided in the energy storage box. When the control module receives temperature information detected by the second detection module that is higher than a preset third temperature threshold, the third-level fire-fighting is initiated, and water is sprayed toward the energy storage box through the cabin-level water fire-fighting structure.

[0026] Beneficial effects: The three-level fire protection can further enhance the fire protection efforts and realize step-by-step fire protection. For example, when the battery pack is out of control and the refrigerant fire protection in the battery pack cannot be controlled, the cabin-level gas fire protection is activated. When the cabin-level gas fire protection cannot effectively control the fire situation after being activated, the cabin-level water fire protection is activated.

[0027] A second object of the present invention is to provide an energy storage fire fighting method, comprising the energy storage fire fighting system described above, and further comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1: The first detection modules in the multiple battery packs for detecting the temperature of the battery cells in the battery packs transmit the detected temperature information to the control module respectively. When the control module receives the temperature information detected by the first detection module in the corresponding battery pack and it is higher than the preset first temperature threshold, the control module controls the corresponding solenoid valve to close the passage leading to the first pipeline of the corresponding direct cooling plate, and the solenoid valve opens the passage leading to the third pipeline in the battery pack. The refrigerant is sprayed to the battery module through the liquid inlet pipeline, the third pipeline, the first joint, and the multiple fire-fighting pipelines in the battery pack. The refrigerant is directly sprayed to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell on the battery module through the via hole on the fire-fighting pipeline;

[0029] S2: The second detection modules for detecting the temperature inside the energy storage box transmit the detected temperature information to the control module respectively. When the temperature information detected by the corresponding second detection module received by the control module is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the cabin-level gas firefighting to start, and the gas firefighting is sprayed into the energy storage box through the cabin-level gas firefighting structure;

[0030] S3: The second detection modules for detecting the temperature inside the energy storage box respectively transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. When the control module receives the temperature information detected by the corresponding second detection module and it is higher than the preset third temperature threshold, the control module controls the cabin-level water fire fighting to start, and the water fire fighting is sprayed into the energy storage box through the cabin-level water fire fighting structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the energy storage fire fighting system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the energy storage fire fighting system of the present invention from another angle;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the energy storage fire fighting system of the present invention from another angle;

[0034] Figure 4 is an exploded view of the direct cooling plate of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first substrate of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first basic part of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the first substrate of the present invention from another angle;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure at position A of the present invention;

[0039] Fig. 9 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the energy storage battery pack of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure at position B of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the energy storage battery pack of the present invention from another angle;

[0042] Fig.12 It is a schematic architecture diagram of the energy storage fire fighting system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Typical embodiments that embody the features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various changes in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations therein are essentially used for illustration purposes rather than for limiting the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", "one side", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structure referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present application.

[0045] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0046] Reference numerals include: first substrate 1, second substrate 2, first flow channel 3, second flow channel 4, first confluence 5, second confluence 6, first connecting channel 71, second connecting channel 72, third connecting channel 73, fourth connecting channel 74, fifth connecting channel 81, wavy connecting channel 82, sixth connecting channel 91, seventh connecting channel 92, eighth connecting channel 93, ninth connecting channel 94, branch flow channel 10, battery module 11;

[0047] Fire protection pipeline 12 , through hole 121 , first joint 13 , liquid inlet pipeline 14 , first pipeline 15 , solenoid valve 16 , third pipeline 17 , liquid outlet pipeline 18 , second pipeline 19 .

[0048] like Figure 1-11 As shown, the energy storage fire fighting system is applied to the energy storage device. In this embodiment, the energy storage device can be an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet. The energy storage device includes an energy storage box, multiple battery packs located in the energy storage box, each battery pack is provided with a first fire fighting structure through refrigerant fire fighting, and the energy storage box is provided with a cabin-level gas fire fighting structure through gas fire fighting and a cabin-level water fire fighting structure through water fire fighting.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the first fire protection structure includes a direct cooling plate for heat dissipation of the battery cell and a plurality of fire protection pipelines 12 arranged in the battery pack, a liquid inlet pipeline 14 for providing a refrigerant, a first pipeline 15 for providing a refrigerant to the direct cooling plate, a liquid outlet pipeline 18 for flowing out the refrigerant, a second pipeline 19 for flowing out the refrigerant in the direct cooling plate, and a solenoid valve 16. Each fire protection pipeline 12 is arranged on the corresponding battery module 11 and is arranged along the center line of the width direction of the battery module 11, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of through holes 121 are provided on the side wall of the fire protection pipeline 12 , and the through holes 121 are directly opposite to the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells on the battery module 11 .

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of fire-fighting pipes 12 are connected at one end thereof to a first joint 13, and one end of each fire-fighting pipe 12 close to the first joint 13 is fixed to the end plate of the battery module 11 by a cable tie, and the first joint 13 is connected to a third pipe 17, and the third pipe 17, the liquid inlet pipe 14, the first pipe 15, the liquid outlet pipe 18, and the second pipe 19 are all connected to the solenoid valve 16, and the liquid inlet pipe 14 is connected to the liquid cooling unit.

[0051] In this embodiment, the solenoid valve 16 is a two-position five-way solenoid valve, and the refrigerant is refrigerant R410A, an environmentally friendly refrigerant.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the direct cooling plate dissipates heat for the battery cell, the refrigerant flows from the liquid inlet pipe 14 to the first pipe 15 through the solenoid valve 16, and flows into the direct cooling plate through the first pipe 15, and the passage from the liquid inlet pipe 14 to the third pipe 17 through the solenoid valve 16 is closed. When an abnormality occurs to the battery cell of the battery pack, the refrigerant flows from the liquid inlet pipe 14 to the third pipe 17 through the solenoid valve 16, and flows to each fire protection pipeline 12 through the first joint 13, and is sprayed to the battery cell through the through hole 121, and the passage from the liquid inlet pipe 14 to the first pipe 15 through the solenoid valve 16 is closed, and the passage from the second pipe 19 to the liquid outlet pipe 18 through the solenoid valve 16 is closed.

[0053] In this embodiment, the direct cooling plate, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 connected to the first substrate 1. Figure 5 As shown, the first substrate includes an inlet for the inflow of refrigerant and an outlet for the discharge of refrigerant, and flow channel structures that are both spiral and spirally wound inside are symmetrically arranged along the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate 1. The two flow channel structures share an inlet and outlet, and the inlet and outlet are located on the same side and are both located in the middle position in the width direction of the first substrate. The connection between the flow channel structure and the inlet is close to the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate, and the refrigerant flows through the flow channel structure from the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate to the side close to the width direction of the first substrate.

[0054] In this embodiment, through the flow channel structure, the refrigerant can dissipate heat from the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate to the battery cells arranged near the side in the width direction of the first substrate in sequence, that is, the battery cells located in the middle of the box can be dissipated first, that is, the battery cells with high temperatures in the box can be dissipated first, the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cells located in the middle of the box can be improved, and thermal runaway of the battery cells in the middle of the battery pack due to untimely heat dissipation can be prevented. The symmetrically arranged flow channel structure can divide the battery cells inside the box into two groups with the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate as the dividing line, and dissipate heat from the corresponding groups of battery cells simultaneously from the middle of the box, which can quickly dissipate heat from the battery cells in the battery pack, improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery pack, and ensure long-term stable operation of the battery pack;

[0055] Since the inlet and the outlet are located on the same side and both are located in the middle position in the width direction of the first substrate, the connection point between the flow channel structure and the inlet is close to the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate. The refrigerant dissipates heat from the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate to the battery cells arranged close to the side edges in the width direction of the first substrate through the flow channel structure. When the refrigerant passes through the battery cells in the middle of the box corresponding to the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate, the temperature is the lowest, and when the refrigerant passes through the battery cells corresponding to the side edges of the first substrate, the temperature is slightly lower. This ensures the consistency of temperature distribution among multiple battery cells in the box, i.e., ensures good temperature uniformity of the battery pack, increases the service life of the battery pack, and improves safety in use.

[0056] Coolant is usually used as the cooling medium, and the coolant is usually a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and water. However, the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and water as a coolant has certain corrosiveness. Long-term use will seriously corrode the wavy flow channel. When the liquid cooling plate is fully corroded, the corrosion products produced are deposited on the side walls of the wavy flow channel in solid form, which can easily cause the side walls of the wavy flow channel in the liquid cooling plate to be rough, reduce the heat transfer efficiency, and reduce the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cell. When the liquid cooling plate is locally corroded, it can easily cause the liquid cooling plate to become locally thinner and perforated, thereby causing coolant leakage to cause equipment short circuit, which can easily cause fire.

[0057] The use of nitrogen can avoid corrosion to the wavy flow channel, but the thermal conductivity of nitrogen is relatively low, and its cooling effect is not as good as a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and water. Moreover, the nitrogen cooling system can only be used for refrigeration. If it is used for heating, an electric heater is required to exchange heat with the heat source through a heat exchanger.

[0058] The use of refrigerant can avoid corrosion to the wavy flow channel. The heat exchange efficiency of the refrigerant is also higher than that of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution. Due to the stable chemical properties of the refrigerant, fire can be avoided in the event of leakage. However, because the heat exchange efficiency of the refrigerant is higher than that of the coolant, if it is used in the wavy flow channel, the refrigerant enters the wavy flow channel from the wavy flow channel inlet, takes away the heat of the battery cells in the battery pack, and then flows out from the wavy flow channel outlet. This can easily cause the multiple battery cells near the wavy flow channel inlet to take away more heat than the multiple battery cells near the wavy flow channel outlet, causing the There is a large temperature difference between multiple battery cells and multiple battery cells near the outlet of the wavy flow channel, resulting in uneven temperature among multiple battery cells in the battery pack. Battery cells that are in a relatively low temperature environment for a long time may experience electrolyte coagulation, and the active substances cannot fully participate in the reaction. Battery cells that are in a relatively high temperature environment for a long time will accelerate internal chemical reactions, resulting in a reduction in active substances, thereby making the performance of multiple battery cells inconsistent, accelerating the aging process of the battery cells, and shortening the service life of the battery pack. The large temperature difference between multiple battery cells may also cause short circuits between or inside the battery cells, further exacerbating the temperature difference and increasing safety risks.

[0059] In this embodiment, the flow channel structure is spiral and spirals out inside, so that the heat taken away by the battery cell that passes through the refrigerant heat dissipation first is more, and the heat taken away by the battery cell that passes through the refrigerant heat dissipation later is less than the heat taken away by the battery cell that passes through the refrigerant heat dissipation first, and the temperatures of multiple battery cells are inconsistent. Since the flow channel structure is spiral and spirals out inside, adjacent flow channels with opposite flows are located under the same group of battery modules, so that the path of the refrigerant is also spiral and spirals out inside, the temperature of the battery cell that passes through the refrigerant heat dissipation first and the temperature of the battery cell that passes through the refrigerant heat dissipation later can be adjusted to ensure that the temperatures of multiple battery cells are consistent and the temperature is uniform. Good; 2) It can be more suitable for refrigerants to ensure the consistency of temperature distribution among multiple battery cells in the battery pack, that is, to ensure that the battery pack has good temperature uniformity, increase the service life of the battery pack, and improve safety in use; 3) After the present invention is applied to refrigerants, it can also reduce costs, because the coolant replacement cycle is short. Based on the performance degradation and impurity accumulation of the coolant, it needs to be replaced every five years. The refrigerant is circulated in a closed system, and its chemical composition and physical properties are relatively stable and will not significantly decay over time, and the refrigerant does not need to be replaced; 4) The cooling system using refrigerant can be directly used for cooling or heating, without the need to add heaters and heat exchangers, thereby reducing costs.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown, the flow channel structure includes a first flow channel 3 and a second flow channel 4 respectively located at both ends, a third flow channel located on one side of the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate 1 and in a mouth shape, a fourth flow channel located in the third flow channel, and a fifth flow channel in a mouth shape surrounding the fourth flow channel and located in the third flow channel. The third flow channel is connected to the first flow channel 3, and the third flow channel, the fourth flow channel, and the fifth flow channel flow in sequence, and the fifth flow channel is connected to the second flow channel 4.

[0061] The first flow channel 3 is arranged along the length direction of the first substrate 1 and close to the central axis of the width direction of the first substrate 1. The third flow channel includes a first connecting channel 71, a second connecting channel 72, and a third connecting channel 73 respectively close to the side of the first substrate 1, and a fourth connecting channel 74 close to the first flow channel 3. The fourth connecting channel 74 is located between the fifth flow channel and the second flow channel 4. The first flow channel 3 is connected to the first connecting channel 71, and the first connecting channel 71, the second connecting channel 72, the third connecting channel 73 and the fourth connecting channel 74 are connected in sequence. The first flow channel 3 is connected to the first connecting channel 71, and the fourth connecting channel 74 is connected to the fourth flow channel.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first connection channel 71 and the third connection channel 73 are close to the side of the first substrate 1 in the width direction, and the second connection channel 72 is close to the side of the first substrate 1 in the length direction.

[0063] The fourth flow channel includes a fifth connection channel 81 and a wavy connection channel 82 connected to the fifth connection channel 81. The fifth connection channel 81 is connected to the fourth connection channel 74. The wavy connection channel 82 is connected to the fifth flow channel. In this embodiment, the wavy connection channel 82 includes a wave.

[0064] The fifth flow channel includes a sixth connection channel 91, a seventh connection channel 92, an eighth connection channel 93, and a ninth connection channel 94. The sixth connection channel 91, the seventh connection channel 92, the eighth connection channel 93, and the ninth connection channel 94 are connected in sequence. The sixth connection channel 91 is connected to the wavy connection channel 82, and the ninth connection channel 94 is connected to the second flow channel 4. The second flow channel 4 is arranged along the length direction of the first substrate 1 and is located on one side of the first flow channel 3.

[0065] The first flow channel 3, the second flow channel 4, the third flow channel, the fourth flow channel, and the fifth flow channel are all provided with multiple branch flow channels 10 away from the connecting portion. In this embodiment, the first flow channel 3, the second flow channel 4, the first connecting channel 71, the second connecting channel 72, the third connecting channel 73, the fourth connecting channel 74, the fifth connecting channel 81, the wavy connecting channel 82, the sixth connecting channel 91, the seventh connecting channel 92, the eighth connecting channel 93, and the ninth connecting channel 94 are all provided with multiple branch flow channels 10 away from the connecting portion. In this embodiment, two branch flow channels 10 are provided, and the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the branch flow channel 10 is 18 to 20 square millimeters. The cross-sectional area of ​​the connecting portion of two adjacent flow channels is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the branch flow channel 10.

[0066] In this embodiment, since the refrigerant working pressure can reach 2-3 MPa, the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel for the flow of coolant is usually more than 100 square millimeters, and the bursting pressure is within 5 MPa. If the refrigerant directly flows into the flow channel for the flow of coolant, it is easy to cause the direct cooling plate designed as the flow channel for the flow of coolant to rupture and cause refrigerant leakage or explosion. Therefore, when the refrigerant flows into the direct cooling plate, the corresponding flow channel cross-sectional area is required to be smaller than the corresponding flow channel cross-sectional area when the coolant flows into the direct cooling plate, and the width is narrowed. However, this also leads to a reduction in the contact area between the refrigerant and the battery cell when it flows through the battery cell. The design of multiple branch flow channels can ensure full 1) The refrigerant contacts the battery cells separately to ensure the heat dissipation effect, and because the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel is small, multiple branch flow channels can also be designed on the direct cooling plate with the same width to improve the heat dissipation efficiency; 2) The branch flow channels are far away from the connecting points of adjacent flow channels, that is, the refrigerant is divided, gathered and then divided when flowing through the adjacent flow channels. The refrigerant is distributed and then merged multiple times to avoid the problem of uneven distribution of refrigerant in each branch flow channel after the refrigerant passes through the branch flow channel, resulting in excessive temperature difference in the battery cells; 3) When the refrigerant flows into multiple branch flow channels respectively from the connecting point of two adjacent flow channels, the cross-sectional area of ​​the connecting point of the two adjacent flow channels is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the branch flow channel. It will reduce the flow rate of the refrigerant, making the flow rate of the refrigerant in the branch flow channel smaller than the flow rate of the refrigerant at the connection point of the two adjacent flow channels. The flow rate of the refrigerant in the branch flow channel slows down, the residence time increases, and the heat is fully absorbed, which improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery core; 4) The design of the two branch flow channels ensures that the parallel flow channels are minimized while ensuring full contact with the battery core. At present, some liquid cooling plates have more parallel flow channels. When the refrigerant passes through the liquid cooling plate with more parallel flow channels, due to too many diversions, the refrigerant in each flow channel is unevenly distributed, resulting in some flow channels without refrigerant passing through, which will cause dry evaporation. That is, when there is not enough When there is not enough refrigerant to flow, the heat generated by the battery cell cannot be effectively taken away, causing the local temperature to rise sharply, reducing the heat dissipation efficiency and affecting the service life of the battery cell; 5) The existing flow channel cross-sectional area is 100 square millimeters, and the bursting pressure is within 5 MPa, while the refrigerant working pressure can reach 2-3 MPa. The direct cooling plate directly uses the existing flow channel for refrigerant flow, which can easily cause the direct cooling plate to rupture and cause refrigerant leakage or explosion. When the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the branch flow channel is 18-20 square millimeters, the bursting pressure of the branch flow channel can reach more than 20 MPa, which can improve the safety factor and ensure the normal and safe operation of the refrigerant as a cooling medium.

[0067] In this embodiment, the wavy connecting channel 82 is a wave, and the branch channels 10 on the first flow channel 3, the second flow channel 4, the second connecting channel 72, the fourth connecting channel 74, the sixth connecting channel 91, and the eighth connecting channel 93 are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the first substrate 1, and the branch channels 10 on the first connecting channel 71, the third connecting channel 73, the fifth connecting channel 81, the seventh connecting channel 92, and the ninth connecting channel 94 are arranged at equal intervals along the width direction of the first substrate 1.

[0068] In this embodiment, the wavy connecting channel, while ensuring that the first flow channel structure has one positive rotation (the third flow channel in a U-shape) and one rotation (the fifth flow channel in a U-shape), can simplify the design and reduce the manufacturing cost compared to the design in which the flow channel continuously rotates inward and then rotates back. Moreover, under the same area, the wavy connecting channel can facilitate the design of as many waves as possible, thereby increasing the contact surface with the battery cell and improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0069] In this embodiment, Figure 5 , 11 As shown, adjacent flow channels with opposite flow directions are located under the same group of battery modules.

[0070] like Figure 6-8 As shown, the first flow channels 3 on the two flow channel structures converge and connect to form a first confluence 5 (that is, an inlet for the refrigerant to flow in), and the first confluence 5 is connected to the inlet. The second flow channels 4 on the two flow channel structures converge and connect to form a second confluence 6 (that is, an outlet for the refrigerant to discharge), and the second confluence 6 is connected to the outlet. In this embodiment, the first confluence 5 and the second confluence 6 are located on the same side.

[0071] In this embodiment, when the refrigerant enters the first flow channel 3 through the first confluence 5, the temperature of the refrigerant itself is low. When the refrigerant dissipates heat for the battery cell opposite to the first flow channel 3, more heat is taken away from the battery cell opposite to the first flow channel 3, and the refrigerant continues to dissipate heat for other battery cells through the flow channel structure. As the refrigerant flows through various parts of the flow channel structure, while the refrigerant dissipates heat for the battery cell, the temperature of the refrigerant itself is higher than the temperature when the refrigerant initially enters the first confluence 5, that is, more heat is taken away from the battery cell opposite to the first flow channel 3, and the heat taken away from the battery cell opposite to the flow channel structure through which the subsequent refrigerant flows gradually decreases, and the temperatures of multiple battery cells are inconsistent. Since the two flow channel structures are both spiral and spiral out inside, the first flow channel 3 and the second flow channel 4 are both arranged along the length direction of the first substrate 1, and the second flow channel 4 is located in the first flow channel 3, that is, the first flow channel 3 and the second flow channel 4 are adjacent, the battery cells opposite to the first flow channel 3 are the same, and the refrigerant that has been dissipating heat for multiple battery cells flows into the second flow channel 4. At this time, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the second flow channel 4 is higher than the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the first flow channel 3, and the battery cells opposite to the second flow channel 4 and the first flow channel 3 are the same. The refrigerant flowing into the second flow channel 4 is equivalent to supplying heat to the corresponding battery cells, so that the battery cells that initially dissipated more heat are heated again, that is, the temperature of the battery cells is adjusted, and the temperature of the battery cells is increased, thereby ensuring that the temperatures of multiple battery cells opposite to the first flow channel 3 structure are all adjusted, so that the temperatures of multiple battery cells are consistent, ensuring that the temperature uniformity of multiple battery cells in the battery pack is good, and it is also suitable for refrigerant as a refrigerant, reducing the impact of the battery cells on the service life of the battery pack and improving the safety of use.

[0072] In this embodiment, the second substrate 2 is a flat plate, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are connected by stamping and brazing, and the battery module 11 is bonded to the surface of the second substrate 2 .

[0073] Refrigerant flows in the direct cooling plate:

[0074] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the refrigerant flows in from the first confluence 5, and then splits and flows into two flow channel structures respectively. The refrigerant flows through the first flow channel 3, the first connection 71, the second connection channel 72, the third connection channel 73, the fourth connection channel 74, the fifth connection channel 81, the wavy connection channel 82, the sixth connection channel 91, the seventh connection channel 92, the eighth connection channel 93, the ninth connection channel 94, the second flow channel 4 in sequence, flows to the second confluence 6, and flows out through the second confluence 6.

[0075] The cabin-level gas fire-fighting structure includes a fire-fighting tank and a gas fire-fighting pipeline arranged on the top inner surface of the energy storage box body, and the cabin-level water fire-fighting structure includes a water fire-fighting pipeline arranged on the top inner surface of the energy storage box body.

[0076] like Fig.12 As shown, it also includes a control module for controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, the cabin-level gas fire fighting opening and closing, and the cabin-level water fire fighting opening and closing. Each of the battery packs is provided with a first detection module for detecting the temperature of the battery cells in the battery pack. The first detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. Each battery cell in the battery pack is provided with a first detection module, and the first detection module is close to the battery cell explosion-proof valve. When the control module receives the temperature information detected by the first detection module and it is higher than the preset first temperature threshold, the first level fire fighting is started, and the refrigerant is sprayed into the battery pack through the first fire fighting structure.

[0077] A second detection module for detecting the temperature of the energy storage box is provided inside the energy storage box. The second detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. A plurality of second detection modules are provided on the top inner surface of the energy storage box. The second detection modules are opposite to the corresponding upper surfaces of the battery packs. When the control module receives the temperature information detected by the second detection module and it is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the secondary fire fighting is started and the gas is sprayed toward the energy storage box through the cabin-level gas fire fighting structure.

[0078] When the control module receives temperature information detected by the second detection module that is higher than a preset third temperature threshold, the third-level fire protection is activated, and water is sprayed toward the energy storage box through the cabin-level water fire protection structure.

[0079] The energy storage fire fighting method includes the energy storage fire fighting system described above, and further includes the following steps:

[0080] S1: The first detection modules in the multiple battery packs for detecting the temperature of the battery cells in the battery packs transmit the detected temperature information to the control module respectively. When the control module receives the temperature information detected by the first detection module in the corresponding battery pack and it is higher than the preset first temperature threshold, the control module controls the corresponding solenoid valve 16 to close the passage from the liquid inlet pipe 14 to the first pipe 15 of the corresponding direct cooling plate, and the solenoid valve 16 opens the passage to the third pipe 17 in the battery pack. The refrigerant is sprayed to the battery module through the liquid inlet pipe 14, the third pipe 17, the first joint 13, and the multiple fire-fighting pipes 12 in the battery pack. The refrigerant is directly sprayed to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell on the battery module through the through hole 121 on the fire-fighting pipe;

[0081] S2: The second detection modules for detecting the temperature inside the energy storage box transmit the detected temperature information to the control module respectively. When the temperature information detected by the corresponding second detection module received by the control module is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the cabin-level gas firefighting to start, and the gas firefighting is sprayed into the energy storage box through the gas firefighting pipeline;

[0082] S3: The second detection module for detecting the temperature inside the energy storage box transmits the detected temperature information to the control module respectively. When the control module receives the temperature information detected by the corresponding second detection module and it is higher than the preset third temperature threshold, the control module controls the cabin-level water fire fighting to start, and the water fire fighting is sprayed into the energy storage box through the water fire fighting pipeline.

[0083] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. Energy storage fire fighting system, applied to energy storage device, the energy storage device includes an energy storage box, multiple battery packs located in the energy storage box, and a control module for controlling the opening and closing of solenoid valves, cabin-level gas fire fighting, and cabin-level water fire fighting, characterized in that: Each of the battery packs is provided with a first fire-fighting structure that uses a refrigerant to extinguish fires, and each of the battery packs is provided with a first detection module for detecting the temperature of the battery cells in the battery pack, and the first detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module; The first fire protection structure includes a plurality of fire protection pipelines arranged in the battery pack, a direct cooling plate for dissipating heat from the battery cells, a liquid inlet pipe for providing a refrigerant, a first pipe for providing the refrigerant to the direct cooling plate, a liquid outlet pipe for discharging the refrigerant, a second pipe for discharging the refrigerant from the direct cooling plate, and a solenoid valve; A first joint is connected at one end of the plurality of fire-fighting pipelines, the first joint is located between the battery module and the front end plate of the box, and the first joint is directly opposite to the central axis in the width direction of the cold plate; The first joint is connected to a third pipeline, the third pipeline, the liquid inlet pipeline, the first pipeline, the liquid outlet pipeline, and the second pipeline are all connected to the solenoid valve, and the liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the liquid cooling unit; The direct cooling plate includes a first substrate, and a flow channel structure is symmetrically arranged along the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate. The first substrate includes an inlet for the inflow of a refrigerant and an outlet for the discharge of the refrigerant. The two flow channel structures share an inlet and an outlet. The inlet and the outlet are located on the same side and are both located in the middle of the width direction of the first substrate. The connection between the flow channel structure and the inlet is close to the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate. The flow channel structure is spiral and spirals out inside. The flow channel structure includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel respectively located at two ends, and a flow channel located at the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate. The third flow channel, the fourth flow channel, and the fifth flow channel on the side, the third flow channel is connected to the first flow channel, the third flow channel, the fourth flow channel, and the fifth flow channel flow in sequence, the fifth flow channel is connected to the second flow channel, and the adjacent flow channels with opposite flow directions are located under the same group of battery modules, the first flow channel is arranged along the length direction of the first substrate and close to the central axis in the width direction of the first substrate, the second flow channel is arranged along the length direction of the first substrate and is located on one side of the first flow channel, and the third flow channel is close to the side of the first substrate. The refrigerant flows through the flow channel structure in the direction of flowing from the first flow channel, flowing through the third flow channel, the fourth flow channel, and the fifth flow channel in sequence, and then flows out from the second flow channel; When the control module receives temperature information detected by the first detection module that is higher than the preset first temperature threshold, the first-level fire protection is activated, and the control module controls the solenoid valve to close the passage from the liquid inlet pipe to the first pipe of the corresponding direct cooling plate, and the solenoid valve opens the passage to the third pipe in the battery pack. The refrigerant is sprayed toward the battery module through the liquid inlet pipe, the third pipe, the first joint, and multiple fire protection pipes in the battery pack.

2. The energy storage fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first detection module is provided on each battery cell in the battery pack, and the first detection module is close to the battery cell explosion-proof valve.

3. The energy storage fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of each fire-fighting pipeline close to the first joint is fixed to the end plate of the battery module by a cable tie.

4. The energy storage fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the fire-fighting pipelines is arranged on the corresponding battery module and along the center line of the battery module in the width direction. A plurality of vias are arranged on the side wall of the fire-fighting pipeline, and the vias are directly opposite to the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells on the battery module.

5. The energy storage fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage box is provided with a cabin-level gas fire fighting structure for fire fighting by gas, and the energy storage box is provided with a second detection module for detecting the temperature of the energy storage box at intervals, and the second detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module; When the control module receives temperature information detected by the second detection module that is higher than a preset second temperature threshold, the secondary fire fighting is initiated, and the gas is sprayed toward the energy storage box through the cabin-level gas fire fighting structure.

6. The energy storage fire fighting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of second detection modules are spaced apart on the inner surface of the top of the energy storage box, and the second detection modules are opposite to the upper surfaces of the corresponding battery packs.

7. The energy storage fire fighting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The energy storage box is provided with a cabin-level water fire fighting structure for fire fighting by water. When the control module receives temperature information detected by the second detection module that is higher than a preset third temperature threshold, the third-level fire fighting is started, and water is sprayed toward the energy storage box through the cabin-level water fire fighting structure.

8. Energy storage fire fighting method, characterized in that: The energy storage fire fighting system comprising any one of claims 1 to 7 further comprises the following steps: S1: The first detection modules in the multiple battery packs for detecting the temperature of the battery cells in the battery packs transmit the detected temperature information to the control module respectively. When the control module receives the temperature information detected by the first detection module in the corresponding battery pack and it is higher than the preset first temperature threshold, the control module controls the corresponding solenoid valve to close the passage leading to the first pipeline of the corresponding direct cooling plate, and the solenoid valve opens the passage leading to the third pipeline in the battery pack. The refrigerant is sprayed to the battery module through the liquid inlet pipeline, the third pipeline, the first joint, and the multiple fire-fighting pipelines in the battery pack. The refrigerant is directly sprayed to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell on the battery module through the via hole on the fire-fighting pipeline; S2: The second detection modules for detecting the temperature inside the energy storage box transmit the detected temperature information to the control module respectively. When the temperature information detected by the corresponding second detection module received by the control module is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the cabin-level gas firefighting to start, and the gas firefighting is sprayed into the energy storage box through the cabin-level gas firefighting structure; S3: The second detection modules for detecting the temperature inside the energy storage box respectively transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. When the control module receives the temperature information detected by the corresponding second detection module and it is higher than the preset third temperature threshold, the control module controls the cabin-level water fire fighting to start, and the water fire fighting is sprayed into the energy storage box through the cabin-level water fire fighting structure.

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