Pressure exchanger with dirt and particle handling capability

Abstract

A system (100) includes a pressure exchanger (300) and one or more valves (390). The pressure exchanger includes a rotor (310) configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid. The pressure exchanger further includes a housing (340) disposed about the rotor, one or more flush inlets (342) coupled to the housing, and one or more flush outlets (346) coupled to the housing. One or more first valves are coupled to the one or more flush outlets. The one or more first valves in an open position are associated with a flushing operation. The one or more first valves in a closed position are associated with a lubrication operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to pressure exchangers, and more specifically, to pressure exchangers having the ability to handle dirt and particles. Background Technology

[0002] The system uses fluids at different pressures. Various components are used to increase the fluid pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0003] This disclosure is shown in the accompanying drawings by way of example rather than by way of limitation.

[0004] Figures 1A to 1D A schematic diagram of a fluid handling system including a hydraulic energy transfer system is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0005] Figure 2A Figure 2E is an exploded perspective view of a pressure exchanger (PX) according to certain embodiments.

[0006] Figures 3A to 3V show pressure exchangers according to certain embodiments.

[0007] Figures 4A to 4D This is a flowchart illustrating a method related to a pressure exchanger system according to some embodiments.

[0008] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating a computer system according to certain embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The embodiments described herein relate to pressure exchangers with dirt and particulate handling capabilities.

[0010] The system can use fluids at varying pressures. The fluid supplied to the system may be at a lower pressure, while one or more parts of the system may operate at a higher pressure. The system may include a closed loop in which various fluid pressures are maintained at different parts of the loop. These systems may include hydraulic fracturing (e.g., fracking or fracing) systems, desalination systems, refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, energy generation systems, mud pumping systems, slurry pumping systems, industrial fluid systems, waste liquid systems, fluid transport systems, etc. Pumps or compressors may be used to increase the pressure of the fluids in such systems.

[0011] Conventionally, systems (e.g., refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, reversible heat pump systems, water systems, etc.) use pumps or compressors to increase the pressure of fluids (e.g., refrigerant fluids such as carbon dioxide (CO2), R-744, R-134a, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ammonia (NH3), refrigerant mixtures, R-407A, R-404A, etc.). Typically, a separate pump or compressor mechanically coupled to a motor is used to increase the fluid pressure in any part of the system, including those that increase fluid pressure. Pumps and compressors, especially those operating under large pressure differentials (e.g., causing a significant increase in fluid pressure), require a large amount of energy. Therefore, conventional systems consume a significant amount of energy to increase fluid pressure (via a motor-driven pump or compressor). Furthermore, conventional fluid delivery systems reduce fluid pressure via expansion valves. Conventional systems cannot (e.g., during loop operation) efficiently increase and decrease fluid pressure. This is wasteful in terms of the energy used to operate conventional systems (e.g., the energy used to repeatedly increase the pressure of the refrigerant fluid to raise or lower the ambient temperature).

[0012] Traditionally, systems (e.g., refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, reversible heat pump systems, water systems, systems for reverse osmosis (RO)-based industrial wastewater treatment plants, etc.) have equipment that frequently shuts down due to scaling (e.g., scaling, organic growth) and particulate encapsulation. Disassembly, cleaning, and reassembly of the equipment then result in downtime and production losses. Furthermore, disassembly and reassembly can potentially damage components, leading to performance degradation or even loss of function. Pretreatment of fluids (e.g., industrial wastewater) to mitigate scaling and downtime is challenging because fluids (e.g., water chemistry and composition) can vary significantly (e.g., from plant to plant, from industry to industry). Even with pretreatment processes, downtime, component damage, and production losses can still occur due to variations in fluid composition.

[0013] The systems, apparatus, and methods disclosed herein provide solutions to these and other drawbacks of conventional systems. This disclosure provides a pressure exchanger (PX) for use in systems such as fluid handling systems, heat transfer systems, refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, cooling systems, heating systems, etc. In the system, the PX can be configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid (e.g., a high-pressure fluid) and a second fluid (e.g., a low-pressure fluid). The PX can receive the first fluid via a first inlet (e.g., a high-pressure inlet) and the second fluid via a second inlet (e.g., a low-pressure inlet). When entering the PX, the pressure of the first fluid may be higher than that of the second fluid. The PX can exchange pressure between the first and second fluids. The first fluid can exit the PX via a first outlet (e.g., a low-pressure outlet), while the second fluid can exit the PX via a second outlet (e.g., a high-pressure outlet). When exiting the PX, the second fluid may have a higher pressure than the first fluid (e.g., pressure has been exchanged between the first and second fluids).

[0014] In some embodiments, the system further includes a PX comprising a rotor configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid. The PX may also include a housing surrounding the rotor, one or more flushing inlets coupled to the housing, and one or more flushing outlets coupled to the housing. One or more first valves may be coupled (e.g., fluidly coupled) to one or more flushing outlets. One or more first valves in the open position are associated with a flushing operation (e.g., flushing fluid enters the radial bearing clearance through the flushing inlet and exits the circumferential groove through the flushing outlet). The flushing operation can be performed when the PX is not exchanging pressure between fluids. The flushing operation can remove particles from the radial bearing clearance and the circumferential groove. One or more first valves in the closed position are associated with a lubrication operation (e.g., lubricating fluid enters the radial bearing clearance and exits the PX with the first or second fluid).

[0015] The systems, apparatus, and methods disclosed herein offer advantages over conventional solutions. Compared to conventional systems, the systems of this disclosure reduce energy consumption. For example, using the PX system of this disclosure allows for the recovery of energy stored as pressure and its transfer back to the system, thereby reducing the energy costs of the operating system. Compared to conventional systems, the systems of this disclosure can reduce wear on components such as pumps and compressors. Compared to conventional systems, the systems of this disclosure result in less downtime, less fouling, less particle embedding in gaps, shorter disassembly and cleaning processes, less downtime, less component damage, and less production loss.

[0016] Although some embodiments of this disclosure are described with respect to pressure exchangers, energy recovery devices and hydraulic energy transfer systems, this disclosure can be applied to other systems and devices (e.g., non-isobaric pressure exchangers, rotating components of non-pressure exchangers, non-rotating pressure exchangers, systems that do not include pressure exchangers, etc.).

[0017] Although some embodiments of this disclosure are described with respect to the exchange of pressure between fluids used in fracturing systems, desalination systems, heat pump systems, and / or refrigeration systems, this disclosure can be applied to other types of systems. Fluids can refer to liquids, gases, transcritical fluids, supercritical fluids, subcritical fluids, and / or combinations thereof.

[0018] Figures 1A to 1D A schematic diagram of a fluid handling system 100 including a hydraulic energy transfer system 110 according to some embodiments is shown.

[0019] In some embodiments, the hydraulic power transmission system 110 includes a pressure exchanger (e.g., a PX). The PX may include one or more features described in one or more of the figures in Figures 3A to 3V (e.g., inlets, outlets, and valves for performing flushing and lubrication operations) to provide dirt and particulate handling capabilities.

[0020] Hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) receives low-pressure (LP) fluid input 120 (e.g., low-pressure inlet flow) from low-pressure (LP) input system 122. Hydraulic power transfer system 110 also receives high-pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., high-pressure inlet flow) from high-pressure (HP) input system 132. Hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) exchanges pressure between high-pressure fluid input 130 and low-pressure fluid input 120 to provide low-pressure fluid output 140 (e.g., low-pressure outlet flow) to low-pressure fluid output system 142 and high-pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., high-pressure outlet flow) to high-pressure fluid output system 152.

[0021] In some embodiments, the hydraulic power transfer system 110 includes a PX for exchanging pressure between a high-pressure fluid input 130 and a low-pressure fluid input 120. The PX can be a device that transfers fluid pressure between the high-pressure fluid input 130 and the low-pressure fluid input 120 with an efficiency exceeding about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or higher (e.g., without using centrifugal technology). High pressure (e.g., high-pressure fluid input 130, high-pressure fluid output 150) refers to a pressure higher than low pressure (e.g., low-pressure fluid input 120, low-pressure fluid output 140). The low-pressure fluid input 120 of the PX can be pressurized and exit the PX at high pressure (e.g., high-pressure fluid output 150, whose pressure is greater than that of the low-pressure fluid input 120), while the high-pressure fluid input 130 can be depressurized and exit the PX at low pressure (e.g., low-pressure fluid output 140, whose pressure is lower than that of the high-pressure fluid input 130). The PX can operate with the high-pressure fluid input 130 directly applying force to pressurize the low-pressure fluid input 120, wherein a fluid separator may or may not be present between the fluids. Examples of fluid separators that can be used with the PX include, but are not limited to, pistons, bladders, diaphragms, and the like. In some embodiments, the PX can be a rotary device. A rotary PX, such as one manufactured by Energy Recovery, Inc. of San Leandro, California, may not have any separate valves because effective valve control is accomplished internally via the relative movement of a rotor relative to an end cap. A rotary PX can be designed to operate with an internal piston to isolate the fluids and transmit pressure with relatively little mixing of the individual inlet fluid flows. A reciprocating PX may include a piston that reciprocates in a cylinder for transmitting pressure between the fluid flows. Any or more PXs may be used in this disclosure, such as, but not limited to, rotary PXs, reciprocating PXs, or any combination thereof. In addition, the PX can be mounted on a skid that is separate from other components of the fluid handling system 100 (e.g., in the case where the PX is attached to an existing fluid handling system).

[0022] In some embodiments, motor 160 is coupled to hydraulic power transmission system 110 (e.g., coupled to PX). In some embodiments, motor 160 controls the speed of the rotor of hydraulic power transmission system 110 (e.g., to increase the pressure of high-pressure fluid output 150, decrease the pressure of high-pressure fluid output 140, etc.). In some embodiments, motor 160 generates energy based on pressure exchange in hydraulic power transmission system 110 (e.g., used as a generator).

[0023] The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 can be a hydraulic protection system (e.g., a hydraulic buffer system, a hydraulic isolation system) that can prevent or limit contact between a fluid carrying solid particles (e.g., fracturing fluid) and various devices (e.g., hydraulic fracturing equipment, high-pressure pumps) while exchanging work and / or pressure with another fluid. By preventing or limiting contact between various devices (e.g., fracturing equipment) and fluids containing solid particles, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 increases the lifespan and performance of various devices (e.g., fracturing equipment, high-pressure fluid pumps) while reducing wear and damage. Inexpensive equipment can be used in the fluid handling system 100 by using devices (e.g., high-pressure fluid pumps) that are not designed for abrasive fluids (e.g., fracturing fluid and / or corrosive fluids).

[0024] The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 may include a hydraulic turbocharger or a hydraulic pressure exchange system, such as a rotary PX. The PX may include one or more chambers (e.g., 1 to 100) to facilitate pressure transfer and pressure balancing between the volumes of a first fluid and a second fluid (e.g., a gas, liquid, or multiphase fluid). In some embodiments, the PX may transfer pressure between a first fluid (e.g., a pressure exchange fluid, such as a proppant-free or substantially proppant-free fluid) and a second fluid, which may be highly viscous and / or contain solid particles (e.g., fracturing fluid containing sand, proppant, powder, debris, or ceramics). Solid particle fluids can cause wear and / or erosion of PX components such as the rotor and end caps. As the rotor rotates relative to the end caps, the fluid (e.g., abrasive particles in the fluid) can cause wear at the interface between the rotor and each end cap. Replacing worn parts of the PX can be expensive.

[0025] The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 can be used in different types of systems, such as fracturing systems, desalination systems, and refrigeration systems.

[0026] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of a fluid handling system 100A including a hydraulic power transmission system 110 according to some embodiments is shown. The fluid handling system 100A may include a control module 180, which includes one or more controllers 185.

[0027] Figure 1B A schematic diagram of a fluid handling system 100B including a hydraulic power transmission system 110 according to certain embodiments is shown. The fluid handling system 100B may be a fracturing system. In some embodiments, the fluid handling system 100B includes a... Figure 1B The diagram shows more parts, fewer parts, the same route, different routes, etc.

[0028] The low-pressure fluid input 120 and the high-pressure fluid output 150 can be fracturing fluids (e.g., fluids including solid particles, proppant fluids, etc.). The high-pressure fluid input 130 and the low-pressure fluid output 140 can be fluids that are substantially free of solid particles (e.g., proppant-free fluids, water, filtered fluids, etc.).

[0029] The low-pressure input system 122 may include one or more low-pressure fluid pumps to provide low-pressure fluid input 120 to the hydraulic power transmission system 110 (e.g., PX). The high-pressure input system 132 may include one or more high-pressure fluid pumps 134 to provide high-pressure fluid input 130 to the hydraulic power transmission system 110.

[0030] Hydraulic energy transfer system 110 exchanges pressure between low-pressure fluid input 120 (e.g., low-pressure fracturing fluid) and high-pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., high-pressure water) to provide high-pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., high-pressure fracturing fluid) to high-pressure output system 152 and to provide low-pressure fluid output 140 (e.g., low-pressure water). High-pressure output system 152 may include rock formation 154 (e.g., a well), which includes fractures 156. Solid particles (e.g., proppant) from high-pressure fluid output 150 may be provided into the fractures 156 of the rock formation.

[0031] In some embodiments, the low-pressure fluid output 140, the high-pressure fluid pump 134, and the high-pressure fluid input 130 are part of a first loop (e.g., a proppant-free fluid loop). The low-pressure fluid output 140 may be supplied to the high-pressure fluid pump to generate the high-pressure fluid input 130, which becomes the low-pressure fluid output 140 upon exiting the hydraulic power transfer system 110.

[0032] In some embodiments, the low-pressure fluid input 120, the high-pressure fluid output 150, and the low-pressure fluid pump 124 are part of a second circuit (e.g., a fluid circuit containing proppant). The high-pressure fluid output 150 may be provided into the rock formation 154 and then pumped from the rock formation 154 by the low-pressure fluid pump 124 to generate the low-pressure fluid input 120.

[0033] In some embodiments, the fluid handling system 100B is used in well completion operations in the oil and gas industry to perform hydraulic fracturing (e.g., hydraulic fracturing, fracture) to increase the release of oil and gas from formation 154. The high-pressure output system 152 may include formation 154 (e.g., a well). Hydraulic fracturing may include pumping a high-pressure fluid 150 containing a combination of water, chemicals, and solid particles (e.g., sand, ceramics, proppant) into the well (e.g., formation 154) under high pressure. Low-pressure fluid inflow 120 and high-pressure fluid output 150 may include a particle-laden fluid that increases the release of oil and gas from formation 154 by propagation and increasing the size of fractures 156 in formation 154. The high pressure of the high-pressure fluid output 150 initiates and increases the size of fractures 156 and propagates through formation 154 to release more oil and gas, while solid particles (e.g., powder, debris, etc.) enter fractures 156 to keep fractures 156 open (e.g., to prevent fractures 156 from failing to close once the high-pressure fluid output 150 depressurizes).

[0034] To pump this particulate-laden fluid into formation 154 (e.g., a well), fluid handling system 100B may include one or more high-pressure fluid pumps 134 and one or more low-pressure fluid pumps 124 coupled to hydraulic power transfer system 110. For example, hydraulic power transfer system 110 may be a hydraulic turbocharger or PX (e.g., a rotary PX). In operation, hydraulic power transfer system 110 transmits pressure between a first fluid (e.g., high-pressure fluid input 130, proppant-free fluid) pumped by high-pressure fluid pump 134 and a second fluid (e.g., low-pressure fluid input 120, proppant-containing fluid or fracturing fluid) pumped by low-pressure fluid pump 124 without any substantial mixing between the two. Thus, hydraulic power transfer system 110 prevents or limits wear on high-pressure fluid pump 134 while enabling fluid handling system 100B to pump high-pressure fracturing fluid (e.g., high-pressure fluid output 150) into formation 154 to release oil and natural gas. To operate in corrosive and abrasive environments, the hydraulic power transmission system 110 may be made of a material resistant to corrosive and abrasive substances in the first and second fluids. For example, the hydraulic power transmission system 110 may be made of a ceramic (e.g., alumina, hard phases such as carbides, oxides, nitrides, or borides) in a metallic matrix (e.g., Co, Cr, or Ni, or any combination thereof), such as tungsten carbide in a CoCr, Ni, NiCr, or Co matrix.

[0035] In some embodiments, the hydraulic power transfer system 110 includes a PX (e.g., a rotary PX), into which a high-pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., a first fluid, a high-pressure fluid without solid particles) enters a first side, wherein the high-pressure fluid input 130 contacts a low-pressure fluid input 120 (e.g., a second fluid, a low-pressure fracturing fluid) entering the PX from a second side. This contact between the fluids allows the high-pressure fluid input 130 to increase the pressure of the second fluid (e.g., the low-pressure fluid input 120), which outputs a second fluid from the PX (e.g., a high-pressure fluid output 150) and runs it down into the well (e.g., formation 154) for fracturing operations. The first fluid (e.g., the low-pressure fluid output 140) similarly exits the PX but is at a low pressure after exchanging pressure with the second fluid. As described above, the second fluid may be a low-pressure fracturing fluid that may include abrasive particles that can wear down the interface between the rotor and the respective end cap as the rotor rotates relative to the corresponding end cap.

[0036] Figure 1C A schematic diagram of a fluid treatment system 100C including a hydraulic power transfer system 110 according to certain embodiments is shown. The fluid treatment system 100C may be a desalination system (e.g., removing salt and / or other minerals from water). In some embodiments, the fluid treatment system 100C includes a... Figure 1C The diagram shows more parts, fewer parts, the same route, different routes, etc.

[0037] The low-pressure input system 122 may include a feed pump 126 (e.g., a low-pressure fluid pump 124) that receives seawater input 170 (e.g., feed water from a storage tank or directly from the ocean) and supplies low-pressure fluid input 120 (e.g., low-pressure seawater, feed water) to the hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX). The high-pressure input system 132 may include a membrane 136 that supplies high-pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., high-pressure brine) to the hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX). The hydraulic power transfer system 110 exchanges pressure between the high-pressure fluid input 130 and the low-pressure fluid input 120 to provide high-pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., high-pressure seawater) to the high-pressure output system 152 and low-pressure fluid output 140 (e.g., low-pressure brine) to the low-pressure output system 142 (e.g., geological bodies, oceans, seas, waste, etc.).

[0038] Membrane 136 may be a membrane separation device configured to separate fluid passing through a membrane such as a reverse osmosis membrane. Membrane 136 may provide a high-pressure fluid input 130 to the hydraulic power transfer system 110, which is concentrated feed water or concentrate (e.g., brine). The pressure of the high-pressure fluid input 130 can be used to compress low-pressure feed water (e.g., low-pressure fluid input 120) into high-pressure feed water (e.g., high-pressure fluid output 150). For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the term feed water is used. However, fluids other than water may be used in the hydraulic power transfer system 110.

[0039] A circulation pump 158 (e.g., a centrifugal pump) provides a high-pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., high-pressure seawater) to a membrane 136. The membrane 136 filters the high-pressure fluid output 150 to provide a low-pressure drinking water input 172 and a high-pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., high-pressure brine). A low-pressure output system 142 provides a brine output 174 (e.g., to a geological body, ocean, sea, waste, etc.).

[0040] In some embodiments, a high-pressure fluid pump 176 is disposed between the feed pump 126 and the membrane 136. The high-pressure fluid pump 176 increases the pressure of low-pressure seawater (e.g., low-pressure fluid input 120, which provides high-pressure feed water), which mixes with the high-pressure seawater provided by the circulation pump 158.

[0041] In some embodiments, the use of the hydraulic power transfer system 110 reduces the load on the high-pressure fluid pump 176. In some embodiments, the fluid handling system 100C provides low-pressure drinking water 172 without using the high-pressure fluid pump 176. In some embodiments, the fluid handling system 100C provides low-pressure drinking water 172 by intermittently using the high-pressure fluid pump 176.

[0042] In some examples, the hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) receives a low-pressure fluid input 120 (e.g., low-pressure feed water) of approximately 30 pounds per square inch (PSI) and a high-pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., high-pressure brine or concentrate) of approximately 980 PSI. The hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) transfers pressure from the high-pressure concentrate (e.g., high-pressure fluid input 130) to the low-pressure feed water (e.g., low-pressure fluid input 120). The hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) outputs a high-pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., high-pressure (compressed) feed water) at approximately 965 PSI and a low-pressure fluid output 140 (e.g., low-pressure concentrate) at approximately 15 PSI. Therefore, the efficiency of the hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) can be approximately 97%, because the input volume is approximately equal to the output volume of the hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX), and 965 PSI is approximately 97% of 980 PSI.

[0043] Figure 1D A schematic diagram of a fluid handling system 100D including a hydraulic energy transfer system 110 according to certain embodiments is shown. The fluid handling system 100D may be a refrigeration system. In some embodiments, the fluid handling system 100D includes a... Figure 1D The diagram shows more parts, fewer parts, the same route, different routes, etc.

[0044] The hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) can receive a low-pressure fluid input 120 from a low-pressure input system 122 (e.g., a low-pressure booster 128, a low-pressure fluid pump, etc.) and a high-pressure fluid input 130 from a high-pressure input system 132 (e.g., a condenser 138). The hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) can exchange pressure between the low-pressure fluid input 120 and the high-pressure fluid input 130 to provide a high-pressure fluid output 150 to a high-pressure output system 152 (e.g., a high-pressure booster 159) and a low-pressure fluid output 140 to a low-pressure output system 142 (e.g., an evaporator 144). The evaporator 144 can supply fluid to the compressor 178 and the low-pressure booster 128. The condenser 138 can receive fluid from the compressor 178 and the high-pressure booster 159.

[0045] The fluid handling system 100D can be a closed system. The low-pressure fluid inlet 120, the high-pressure fluid inlet 130, the low-pressure fluid outlet 140, and the high-pressure fluid outlet 150 can all be fluids (e.g., refrigerant) circulating in the closed system of the fluid handling system 100D.

[0046] In some embodiments, the fluid in the fluid handling system 100D may include solid particles. For example, pipes, equipment, connections (e.g., pipe welding, pipe bonding) may introduce solid particles (e.g., solid particles from welding) into the fluid in the fluid handling system 100D. Solid particles in the fluid and / or high pressure in the fluid may cause wear and / or corrosion of components (e.g., rotors, end caps) of the PX of the hydraulic power transmission system 110.

[0047] Figure 2A Figure 2E is an exploded perspective view of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., a rotary pressure exchanger, a rotary liquid reciprocating compressor (LPC)) according to certain embodiments. The PX 40 may include a motor 92 and / or a control module 94.

[0048] In some embodiments, PX 40 includes one or more features described in one or more of the figures in Figures 3A to 3V (e.g., inlets, outlets, and valves for performing flushing and lubrication operations) to provide dirt and particle handling capabilities.

[0049] The PX 40 is configured to transfer pressure and / or work between a first fluid (e.g., a proppantless fluid or supercritical carbon dioxide, high-pressure fluid input 130) and a second fluid (e.g., a fracturing fluid or superheated gaseous carbon dioxide, low-pressure fluid input 120) with minimal fluid mixing. The rotary PX 40 may include a generally cylindrical body portion 42 comprising a sleeve 44 (e.g., a rotor sleeve) and a rotor 46. The rotary PX 40 may also include two end caps 48 and 50, which respectively include manifolds 52 and 54. Manifold 52 includes a corresponding inlet port 56 and an outlet port 58, while manifold 54 includes a corresponding inlet port 60 and an outlet port 62. In operation, these inlet ports 56, 60 allow the first and second fluids to enter the rotary PX 40 to exchange pressure, while the outlet ports 58, 62 allow the first and second fluids to subsequently exit the rotary PX 40. In operation, inlet port 56 can receive a high-pressure first fluid (e.g., high-pressure fluid input 130), and after pressure exchange, outlet port 58 can be used to guide a low-pressure first fluid (e.g., low-pressure fluid output 140) out of the rotary PX 40. Similarly, inlet port 60 can receive a low-pressure second fluid (low-pressure fluid input 120), and outlet port 62 can be used to guide a high-pressure second fluid (e.g., high-pressure fluid output 150) out of the rotary PX 40. End caps 48, 50 include corresponding end caps 64, 66 (e.g., end plates) disposed within corresponding manifolds 52, 54, which enable fluid-sealed contact with rotor 46.

[0050] As described above, one or more components of the PX 40, such as the rotor 46, end cap 64, and / or end cap 66, may be made of wear-resistant materials (e.g., carbides, cemented carbides, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, etc.) with a hardness greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., a Vickers hardness value of at least 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250, or higher). For example, tungsten carbide can be more durable than other materials such as alumina ceramics and can provide improved wear resistance to abrasive fluids.

[0051] The rotor 46 may be cylindrical and may be housed within the sleeve 44, allowing the rotor 46 to rotate about axis 68. The rotor 46 may have a plurality of channels 70 (e.g., pipes, rotor channels) extending substantially longitudinally through the rotor 46, each channel having openings 72 and 74 (e.g., rotor ports) symmetrically arranged about the longitudinal axis 68 at each end. The openings 72 and 74 of the rotor 46 are arranged in hydraulic communication with inlet orifices 76 and 78 (e.g., end cap inlet ports and end cap outlet ports) and inlet orifices 80 and 82 (e.g., end cap inlet ports and end cap outlet ports) in end caps 64, 66, such that the channels 70 are exposed to fluids under high pressure and fluids under low pressure during rotation. As shown, inlet orifices 76 and 78, and inlet orifices 80 and 82, may be designed as arcuate or circular segments (e.g., C-shaped).

[0052] In some embodiments, a controller using sensor feedback (e.g., revolutions per minute measured by a tachometer or optical encoder, or volumetric flow rate measured by a flow meter) can control the degree of mixing between the first and second fluids in the rotary PX 40, which can be used to improve the fluid handling system (e.g., Figures 1A to 1DThe operability of the fluid handling system 100A to 100D is improved. For example, changing the volumetric flow rate of the first and second fluids entering the rotary PX 40 allows the equipment operator (e.g., the system operator) to control the amount of fluid mixed within the PX 40. Furthermore, changing the rotational speed of the rotor 46 also allows the operator to control the mixing. Three characteristics of the rotary PX 40 that affect mixing are: (1) the aspect ratio of the rotor channel 70; (2) the duration of exposure between the first and second fluids; and (3) the formation of a fluid barrier (e.g., an interface) between the first and second fluids within the rotor channel 70. First, the rotor channel 70 (e.g., a pipe) is typically long and narrow, which stabilizes the flow within the rotary PX 40. Furthermore, the first and second fluids can move through the channel 70 in a piston flow state with minimal axial mixing. Second, in some embodiments, the speed of the rotor 46 reduces the contact between the first and second fluids. For example, the speed of rotor 46 (e.g., a rotor speed of approximately 1200 RPM) can reduce the contact time between the first and second fluids to less than approximately 0.15 seconds, 0.10 seconds, or 0.05 seconds. Third, a small portion of rotor channel 70 is used for pressure exchange between the first and second fluids. Therefore, a certain volume of fluid is retained in channel 70 to act as a barrier between the first and second fluids. All these mechanisms limit mixing within the rotary PX 40. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the rotary PX 40 can be designed to operate in conjunction with an internal piston or other barrier that completely or partially isolates the first and second fluids while allowing pressure transmission.

[0053] Figures 2B to 2E are exploded views of an embodiment of the rotary PX 40, showing the positional sequence of individual rotor channels 70 in the complete circulating rotor 46 as the channel 70 rotates. Note that Figures 2B to 2E are simplified diagrams of the rotary PX 40 showing one rotor channel 70, and the channel 70 is shown as having a circular cross-sectional shape. In other embodiments, the rotary PX 40 may include multiple channels 70 having the same or different cross-sectional shapes (e.g., circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, polygonal, etc.). Therefore, Figures 2B to 2E are simplified for illustrative purposes, and other embodiments of the rotary PX 40 may have similar cross-sectional shapes. Figure 2AThe different configurations shown in Figure 2E. As described in detail below, the rotary PX 40 facilitates pressure exchange between the first and second fluids by briefly bringing them into contact with each other within the rotor 46. In some embodiments, this exchange occurs at a rotational speed that results in limited mixing of the first and second fluids. The velocity of the pressure wave through the rotor channel 70 (once the channel is exposed to the orifice 76), the diffusion rate of the fluid, and / or the rotational speed of the rotor 46 determine whether any mixing occurs and to what extent.

[0054] Figure 2B is a split perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., a rotary LPC) according to certain embodiments. In Figure 2B, the channel opening 72 is in a first position. In this first position, the channel opening 72 is in fluid communication with an orifice 78 in the end cap 64 and thus with the manifold 52, while the opposite channel opening 74 is in fluid communication with an orifice 82 in the end cap 66 and, by extension, with the manifold 54. As will be discussed below, the rotor 46 is rotatable in a clockwise direction indicated by arrow 84. In operation, a low-pressure second fluid 86 passes through the end cap 66 and enters the channel 70, where it contacts the first fluid 88 at the dynamic fluid interface 90. The second fluid 86 then drives the first fluid 88 out of the channel 70, through the end cap 64, and out of the rotary PX 40. However, due to the short duration of contact, mixing between the second fluid 86 and the first fluid 88 is minimal.

[0055] Figure 2C is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., a rotary LPC) according to certain embodiments. In Figure 2C, channel 70 has been rotated clockwise by approximately 90 degrees. In this position, opening 74 (e.g., outlet) is no longer in fluid communication with orifices 80 and 82 of end cap 66, and opening 72 is no longer in fluid communication with orifices 76 and 78 of end cap 64. Thus, the low-pressure second fluid 86 is temporarily contained within channel 70.

[0056] Figure 2D is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., a rotary LPC) according to certain embodiments. In Figure 2D, the channel 70 has been rotated by approximately 60 degrees from the position shown in Figure 2B. The opening 74 is now in fluid communication with the orifice 80 in the end cap 66, while the opening 72 of the channel 70 is now in fluid communication with the orifice 76 of the end cap 64. In this position, a high-pressure first fluid 88 enters and pressurizes a low-pressure second fluid 86, thereby driving the second fluid 86 out of the rotor channel 70 and through the orifice 80.

[0057] Figure 2E is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary PX 40 (e.g., a rotary LPC) according to certain embodiments. In Figure 2E, channel 70 has been rotated by approximately 270 degrees from the position shown in Figure 2B. In this position, opening 74 is no longer in fluid communication with orifices 80 and 82 of end cap 66, and opening 72 is no longer in fluid communication with orifices 76 and 78 of end cap 64. Consequently, the first fluid 88 is no longer pressurized and is temporarily contained within channel 70 until rotor 46 rotates another 90 degrees, and the cycle restarts.

[0058] Abrasive and / or erosive damage can occur in PX when suspended solids are introduced and mixed into the fluid entering the PX. Abrasive damage can occur when particles enter gaps within the PX (e.g., become trapped between a fixed end cap and a rotating end cap). Erosive damage can occur due to the presence of suspended solids (e.g., erosives) in high-speed fluid jets (e.g., slurry jets) formed by high pressure differentials within the PX. High-speed jets can damage components of the PX when they impact them. Damage (e.g., erosive damage) can occur when a high-pressure rotor port (e.g., rotor tube) opens to a low-pressure end cap port (e.g., kidney-shaped portion) or vice versa, resulting in a high pressure differential.

[0059] Figures 3A to 3V illustrate a PX 300 according to certain embodiments. Figures 1A to 1D One or more of the diagrams in the hydraulic energy transmission system 110 and / or Figure 2A The PX 40 in one or more figures to Figure 2E may include one or more features, materials, and functions that are the same as or similar to those in Figures 3A to 3V. The PX described in Figures 3A to 3V may include, as per [reference to...] Figure 1A To at least one of the features, materials, or functions described in Figure 2E.

[0060] The PX 300 (e.g., a rotary pressure exchanger) can handle fouling and particulate matter. The PX 300 can be used for energy recovery in RO-based industrial wastewater treatment systems. Conventional equipment often stops due to fouling (e.g., scaling, organic growth) and particulate matter embedding in gaps (e.g., narrow bearing clearances). Disassembly, cleaning of bearing clearances, and reassembly then result in downtime. Disassembly and reassembly can damage components (e.g., brittle ceramics), leading to performance degradation and loss of function. Pre-treating industrial wastewater to mitigate fouling and downtime is challenging because water chemistry and composition vary across different plants and industries. To address these and other issues, the PX 300 (e.g., and system 301) of this disclosure has the ability to manage fouling and particulate matter without shutting down the system.

[0061] System 301 may include a Clean-in-Place (CIP) system in the PX 300, which allows for periodic flushing of the bearing clearances with a fluid (e.g., cleaning agent, water, etc.). The PX 300 may have features that prevent or delay the fouling or buildup of particles in the bearing clearances. System 301 (e.g., the CIP system) may provide clean, high-pressure fluid to portions of the PX 300 (e.g., bearings, etc.) during operation of the PX 300 (e.g., pressure exchange between fluids) to prevent fouling and stalling. In some embodiments, a self-cleaning inline bearing filter embedded in the PX 300 may provide filtered fluid to the bearings (or other features of the PX 300).

[0062] Figure 3A shows a side sectional view of PX 300 according to some embodiments. Figure 3B shows a front sectional view of PX 300 according to some embodiments.

[0063] PX 300 includes a rotor 310, end caps 320A-B, sleeve 330, housing 340, end caps 350A-350B, tie rod 360 (e.g., center post, shaft, etc.), and ports 370A-370D. PX 300 may include flushing inlets 342A-342B (e.g., see Figure 3A), lubrication outlet 344 (e.g., see Figure 3A), and / or flushing outlets 346A-346B (e.g., see Figure 3B).

[0064] Scale formation may occur in the radial bearing clearance 380 between the rotor 310 and the sleeve 330. Deposits or build-ups (e.g., any deposits or build-ups) in the radial bearing clearance 380 (e.g., due to micron-level clearance) can cause the rotor 310 to slow down (e.g., enhance mixing) or stop (e.g., loss of function of PX 300). Axial bearing clearance 384, circumferential groove 382, ​​outer diameter (OD) of sleeve 330, and center hole 386 are other locations where fouling may occur due to small clearances or insufficient flow rates.

[0065] The flushing inlets 342A-342B and flushing outlets 346A-346B can be fluidly connected to one or more features of the PX 300 (e.g., clearances, grooves, radial bearing clearances 380, bearing fluid booster chambers 381, axial bearing clearances 384, circumferential grooves 382, ​​the outer diameter of the sleeve 330, the center hole 386, etc.).

[0066] In some embodiments, flushing inlets 342A-342B (e.g., via bearing fluid pressurization chamber 381) are fluidly coupled to a radial bearing clearance 380 of the PX 300 (e.g., the radial bearing clearance 380 may be two small clearance end regions between the rotor 310 and the sleeve 330, and the bearing fluid pressurization chamber 381 may be a smaller diameter central region of the rotor between the rotor 310 and the sleeve 330), and flushing outlets 346A-346B are coupled to a circumferential groove 382 (e.g., the circumferential groove 382 may be formed by an end cap 320, with the rotor 310 and / or the sleeve 330 each overlapping a portion of the circumferential groove 382). A lubrication outlet 344 may be coupled to a port 370 (e.g., port 370B, high-pressure output (HPOUT) port).

[0067] Different operations can be controlled via valve 390 of actuating system 301. In some embodiments, system 301 may perform one or more operations more frequently (e.g., performing internal lubrication operations continuously or substantially continuously during PX 300 use) and perform another one or more operations less frequently (e.g., flushing operations when PX 300 is not running). System 301 may perform operations (e.g., flushing and / or lubrication operations) based on sensor data, based on the operating duration of PX 300, based on the nature of the fluids entering and leaving PX 300, etc.

[0068] Figures 3C to 3E A system 301 with an internal lubrication configuration according to certain embodiments is shown. System 301 (e.g., an in-situ cleaning system) can be used to supply clean, high-pressure bearing fluid (e.g., internal lubrication operation) during operation of PX 300 (e.g., when PX 300 exchanges pressure between fluids). During operation of PX 300 (e.g., during normal operation), flushing lines to PX 300 and outlet valves 390A-390B can be closed (e.g., via valve 390E), and high-pressure output fluid (e.g., valve 390C can be in the open position) can be withdrawn from the high-pressure output booster chamber in PX 300 (e.g., from the high-pressure output port, from the booster chamber between end cap 320B and port 370B) and fed through external tubing to radial bearing clearance 380 (e.g., via bearing fluid booster chamber 381).

[0069] In some embodiments (e.g., during internal lubrication operations during PX 300 operation), lubrication outlet 344 provides (e.g., from high-pressure output) fluid flow to one or more flush inlets 342 (e.g., flush inlets 342A-342B), the fluid flow enters (e.g., lubricates) radial bearing clearance 380 (e.g., via bearing fluid booster chamber 381), then flows to circumferential groove 382, ​​then to axial bearing clearance 384A-384B, and then flows out via port 370 (e.g., low-pressure output (LPOUT) port).

[0070] Figures 3F to 3H A system 301 in an external lubrication configuration according to certain embodiments is shown. System 301 (e.g., an in-situ cleaning system) can be used to supply clean, high-pressure bearing fluid (e.g., internal lubrication operation) during PX 300 operation (e.g., when PX 300 exchanges pressure between fluids). During PX 300 operation (e.g., during normal operation), flush outlet valves 390A-390B can be closed, the high-pressure output bearing fluid supply can be shut off (e.g., valve 390C is in the closed position), and high-pressure external cleaning bearing fluid can be delivered through tubing to keep PX 300 running for extended periods without scaling.

[0071] In some embodiments (e.g., during external lubrication operations during PX 300 operation), external bearing fluid is provided to one or more flushing inlets 342 (e.g., flushing inlets 342A-342B), which enter (e.g., lubricate) the radial bearing clearance 380 (e.g., via bearing fluid pressurization chamber 381), then flow to the axial bearing clearance 384A-384B, then flow to the circumferential groove 382, ​​and then flow out via port 370 (e.g., low-pressure output port).

[0072] Figures 3I to 3KA system 301 in a flushing configuration according to certain embodiments is shown. Operation of the PX 300 is stopped using a valve on port 370 (e.g., once daily). Flushing system valves 390A-390B are open (e.g., valve 390C is in the closed position), and high-pressure flushing fluid (e.g., containing suitable chemicals, such as a scale dissolving agent like citric acid of appropriate concentration) is fed through bearings (e.g., radial bearing clearance 380 and / or axial bearing clearance 384) (e.g., entering via flushing inlet 342) and exiting through channels connected to circumferential recesses 382 (e.g., exiting via flushing outlets 346A and 346B). Flushing pressure, flushing flow rate, flushing time, flushing fluid, and / or flushing interval are selected according to the specific application. In some embodiments, system 301 (e.g., a flushing operation) can be used to immerse bearings (e.g., radial bearing clearance 380, bearing fluid pressurization chamber 381, and / or axial bearing clearance 384) in a scale solvent or biocide (e.g., entering via flushing inlet 342) to remove dirt (e.g., without requiring a continuous flow).

[0073] In some embodiments (e.g., during a flushing operation, when the PX 300 is not operating, an in-situ cleaning operation is performed), an external in-situ cleaning fluid (e.g., a cleaning agent) is provided to one or more flushing inlets 342 (e.g., flushing inlets 342A-342B), which enters (e.g., flushes) the radial bearing clearance 380, then flows into the circumferential groove 382, ​​and then flows out through flushing outlets 346A-346B (e.g., flushing outlets fluidly connected to the circumferential groove 382A).

[0074] Figures 3L to 3N A system 301 in a flushing configuration according to certain embodiments is shown. In some embodiments (e.g., during a flushing operation during PX 300 operation), a lubrication outlet 344 supplies a fluid flow (e.g., from a high-pressure output) to a flushing inlet 342 (e.g., flushing inlet 342A), which enters (e.g., flushes) the radial bearing clearance 380 and exits (e.g., through a drain line) via a different flushing inlet 342 (e.g., flushing inlet 342B). A valve 390D (e.g., disposed between flushing inlet 324A and lubrication outlet 344) can be in the closed position to achieve this operation. A valve 390C can be in the open position, and valves 390A-390B and valve 390E can be in the closed position.

[0075] Figures 30 to 3P A PX300 with a collection groove 392 (e.g., formed by a sleeve 330) according to certain embodiments is shown.

[0076] The PX 300 may have one or more features (e.g., a collection groove 392) configured to prevent or delay the accumulation of dirt and particles in the radial bearing clearance 380 and the circumferential groove 382. In some embodiments, the circumferential groove 382 is formed by the rotor 310 (e.g., the circumferential groove 382 is not formed by the end cap 320). Due to the rotation of the rotor 310, the circumferential groove 382 in the rotor 310 may be less prone to fouling. The collection groove 392 (e.g., a long, generally vertical groove) may be machined on the inner surface of the sleeve 330 (e.g., on the low-pressure side of the PX 300). One or more channels 394 (e.g., through holes) may be machined from one of the channels of the rotor 310 to the outer surface of the rotor 310. When aligned with the low-pressure kidney-shaped portion of the end cap, the channel 394 may connect to the collection groove 392. Particles in the radial bearing clearance 380 (e.g., and bearing fluid pressurization chamber 381) can be collected in the collection groove 392 and flushed away into the low-pressure output fluid flow passing through the channel 394 (e.g., pipe hole). This can occur at least once per revolution (e.g., approximately once per revolution).

[0077] Figures 3Q to 3R A PX with a collection groove 392 (e.g., formed by rotor 310) according to certain embodiments is shown. The collection groove 392 may be machined onto the rotor. The sleeve 330 may have a sleeve passage 393 that connects the collection groove 392 to a low-pressure output fluid flow at least once per revolution (e.g., approximately once per revolution).

[0078] According to some embodiments, Figures 3S to 3V are associated with a filter 396 (e.g., a self-cleaning inline bearing fluid filter) of the PX 300. Figure 3S shows a perspective view of the PX 300 including the filter 396. Figure 3T shows a perspective view of the filter 396. Figure 3U shows a cross-sectional view of the filter 396. Figure 3V shows the filter 396 disposed in the end cap 350 of the PX 300.

[0079] Referring to Figure 3S, the fluid flow exiting end cap 320B (e.g., high-pressure output fluid flow) flows through filter 396 and then to filter fluid supply 399, reaching one or more features of PX 300 (e.g., bearing clearance, radial bearing clearance 380, axial bearing clearance 384, circumferential groove 382, ​​center hole 386, etc.). In some embodiments, the valve controls the flow of filter fluid through filter fluid supply 399. Controller 303 (e.g., see...) Figures 3C to 3NThe valve can be actuated to the open position (e.g., periodically based on sensor data, a schedule, etc.) to provide a filtered fluid supply 399 to one or more features of the PX 300. In some embodiments, the filter 396 filters the high-pressure output fluid flow to be provided via the filtered fluid supply 399. In some embodiments, the filter 396 filters the high-pressure input fluid flow to be provided via the filtered fluid supply 399.

[0080] In some embodiments, filter 396 can prevent suspended solid particles larger than about 10 micrometers from reaching bearing clearances (e.g., radial bearing clearance 380, axial bearing clearance 384, etc.). Filter 396 can be made of porous metal, or a hydrophobic porous plastic can be attached to end cap 350 in the high-pressure output booster chamber. Filter 396 may include a filter element housed in a metal cage threaded to end cap 350. The high-pressure output flow rotating in the booster chamber can clean filter 396, and the filtered fluid can be collected (e.g., via conduit, a path formed via PX 300, a path formed via sleeve 330 or housing 340) and fed (e.g., directly to) bearings (e.g., radial bearing clearance 380, axial bearing clearance 384, etc.). Filter 396 can be used with any embodiment of this disclosure.

[0081] In some embodiments, system 301 is used in RO-based industrial wastewater treatment. System 301 may allow the use of PX 300 for energy recovery in RO-based industrial wastewater treatment facilities. System 301 may allow the use of PX when the process stream contains scaling ions, high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and / or biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) content, high concentration of suspended particles, etc.

[0082] Compared to conventional solutions, this disclosure (e.g., one or more embodiments of Figures 3A to 3V) can offer improvements in pressure range, efficiency, size, and cost reduction.

[0083] In some embodiments, one or more features of the PX 300 include coatings and / or surface treatments for preventing biofouling and / or scale buildup. One or more features may include one or more of the following: a circumferential groove 382 of the end cap 320; a central bore 386 of the rotor 310; the outer surface of the rotor 310 and sleeve 330 (e.g., outer diameter, lubrication hole); a gap between the rotor 310 and sleeve 330 (e.g., radial bearing clearance 380); and an axial surface of the rotor 310. One or more features of the PX 300 may include reduced surface roughness, texturing to enhance hydrophobicity, altered surface chemistry, surface charge, an anti-adhesion coating, an oleophobic coating, or a silver nanoparticle coating (e.g., silver nanoparticle coating).

[0084] Figure 4A Figures 3 to 3D are flowcharts illustrating methods 400A to 400D related to a pressure exchanger system (e.g., system 301 and / or PX 300 in one or more of Figures 3A to 3V) according to certain embodiments. In some embodiments, methods 400A to 400D are executed by processing logic, which includes hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, processing device, etc.), software (such as instructions that run on a processing device, general-purpose computer system, or dedicated machine), firmware, microcode, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, methods 400A to 400D are at least partially executed by a controller (e.g., Figures 1A to 1D Control module 180 or controller 185 Figure 2A Control module 94 to Figure 2E Figures 3C to 3N The controller 303) executes the instruction. In some embodiments, the non-transient storage medium stores the instruction when it is processed by the processing device (e.g., controller 303). Figures 1A to 1D Control module 180 or controller 185 Figure 2A Control module 94 to Figure 2E Figures 3C to 3N When the controller 303 is executed, these instructions cause the processing device to perform methods 400A to 400D.

[0085] For the sake of simplicity, methods 400A to 400D are depicted and described as a series of operations. However, the operations according to this disclosure may occur in various orders and / or simultaneously with other operations not presented and described herein. Furthermore, in some embodiments, not all illustrated operations are performed to implement methods 400A to 400D according to the disclosed subject matter. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that methods 400A to 400D may alternatively be represented by a state diagram or events as a series of interrelated states.

[0086] refer to Figure 4A In block 402, the processing logic (e.g., the controller) determines (e.g., via user input) the internal lubrication operation of the pressure exchanger to be performed.

[0087] In block 404, the processing logic actuates one or more first valves (e.g., fluidly connected to one or more flush outlets associated with the circumferential recess of the pressure exchanger) to the closed position.

[0088] In block 406, the processing logic actuates a second valve (e.g., fluidly connected to a lubrication outlet, located between the lubrication outlet and one or more flushing inlets) to the open position.

[0089] The lubrication outlet can (e.g., from the high-pressure output, from the lubrication outlet) provide fluid flow to one or more flushing inlets, the fluid flow enters (e.g., lubricates) the radial bearing clearance (e.g., via the bearing fluid booster chamber), then flows to the circumferential groove, then to the axial bearing clearance, and then flows out via the port of the pressure exchanger (e.g., the low-pressure output (LPOUT) port).

[0090] refer to Figure 4B In block 422, the processing logic (e.g., the controller) determines the external lubrication operation of the pressure exchanger to be performed.

[0091] In block 424, the processing logic actuates the first valve (e.g., fluidly connected to a flush outlet associated with the circumferential groove of the pressure exchanger) to the closed position.

[0092] In block 426, the processing logic actuates the second valve (e.g., fluidly connected to the lubrication outlet, located between the lubrication outlet and the flushing inlet) to the closed position.

[0093] In block 428, the processing logic causes an external bearing fluid (e.g., via a flushing inlet associated with the radial bearing clearance) to be supplied to the pressure exchanger. The external bearing fluid may be supplied to one or more flushing inlets, entering (e.g., lubricating) the radial bearing clearance (e.g., via a bearing fluid pressurization chamber), then flowing to the circumferential groove, then to the axial bearing clearance, and then exiting through a port of the pressure exchanger (e.g., a low-pressure output port). When a process fluid (e.g., a fluid that exchanges pressure with another fluid in the pressure exchanger) is unsuitable as a bearing fluid (e.g., the process fluid causes scaling and frequent rotor stalls or deceleration), it can be used... Figure 4B Method 400B allows the high-pressure output bearing fluid supply to be shut off, and high-pressure external cleaning bearing fluid can be introduced through a pipe to keep the PX running for extended periods without scaling.

[0094] refer to Figure 4C In block 442, the processing logic (e.g., the controller) determines to perform a flushing operation on the pressure exchanger (e.g., when the pressure exchanger is not running).

[0095] In block 444, the processing logic actuates the first valve (e.g., fluidly connected to a flush outlet associated with the circumferential groove of the pressure exchanger) to the open position.

[0096] In block 446, the processing logic actuates the second valve (e.g., fluidly connected to the lubrication outlet) to the closed position.

[0097] In block 448, the processing logic causes in-situ cleaning fluid (e.g., via a flushing inlet associated with the radial bearing clearance) to be supplied to the pressure exchanger. Figure 4CIn method 400C, an in-situ cleaning fluid (e.g., a cleaning agent) may be provided to one or more flushing inlets, which enter (e.g., flush) the radial bearing clearance (e.g., via a bearing fluid pressurization chamber), then flow to the circumferential groove, and then flow out via the flushing outlet.

[0098] refer to Figure 4D In block 462, the processing logic (e.g., the controller) determines the flushing operation of the pressure exchanger to be performed (e.g., while the pressure exchanger is running).

[0099] In block 464, the processing logic actuates the first valve (e.g., fluidly connected to a flush outlet associated with the circumferential groove of the pressure exchanger) to the closed position.

[0100] In block 466, the processing logic actuates the second valve (e.g., fluidly connected to the lubrication outlet) to the open position. Figure 4D In method 400D, the lubrication outlet can provide a fluid flow (e.g., from a high-pressure output) to the first flushing inlet, which enters the radial bearing clearance and flows out via the second flushing inlet (e.g., a valve located between the second flushing inlet and the lubrication outlet is in the closed position).

[0101] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating a computer system 500 according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the computer system 500 is... Figures 1A to 1D The controller, controller device, client device, server, control module 180 or controller 185, Figure 2A Control module 94 to Figure 2E Figures 3C to 3N Controller 303, etc.

[0102] In some embodiments, computer system 500 is connected to other computer systems (e.g., via a network such as a local area network (LAN), intranet, extranet, or the Internet). Computer system 500 operates as a server or client computer in a client-server environment, or as a peer-to-peer computer in a peer-to-peer or distributed network environment. In some embodiments, computer system 500 is provided by a personal computer (PC), tablet PC, set-top box (STB), personal digital assistant (PDA), cellular phone, network device, server, network router, switch, or bridge, or any device capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) specifying the actions to be taken by that device. Furthermore, the term "computer" should include any collection of computers that individually or jointly execute a set (or more) of instructions to perform any one or more methods described herein.

[0103] In some embodiments, the computer system 500 includes a processing device 502, a volatile memory 504 (e.g., random access memory (RAM)), a non-volatile memory 506 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM) or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and / or a data storage device 516, which communicate with each other via a bus 508.

[0104] In some embodiments, the processing device 502 is provided by one or more processors, such as general-purpose processors (e.g., complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessors, reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessors, very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessors, microprocessors implementing other types of instruction sets, or microprocessors implementing combinations of various instruction sets) or special-purpose processors (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), PID controllers, or network processors). In some embodiments, the processing device 502 is provided by one or more of a single processor, multiple processors, a single processor having multiple processing cores, and / or the like.

[0105] In some embodiments, the computer system 500 further includes a network interface device 522 (e.g., connected to a network 574). In some embodiments, the computer system 500 includes one or more input / output (I / O) devices. In some embodiments, the computer system 500 further includes a video display unit 510 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD)), an alphanumeric input device 512 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 514 (e.g., a mouse), and / or a signal generation device 520. The computer system 500 may include a signal input device 515, for example, for receiving signals from other devices. For example, the signal input device 515 may facilitate the computer system 500 receiving measurement data from sensors associated with the fluid handling system. The signal generation device 520 may be used to generate and / or transmit control signals to send instructions to one or more components of the fluid handling system.

[0106] In some embodiments, the data storage device 518 (e.g., disk drive memory, fixed and / or removable storage device, fixed disk drive, removable memory card, optical storage, network attached storage (NAS), and / or storage area network (SAN)) includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium 524 storing instructions 526 encoded for any one or more of the methods or functions described herein, as well as instructions 526 for implementing the methods described herein. A control module 527 (e.g., including any of the controllers and / or control modules of this disclosure) may be included in the instructions 526.

[0107] In some embodiments, while the instructions 526 are being executed by the computer system 504, the instructions 526 also reside wholly or partially in the volatile memory 502 and / or the processing device 500. Therefore, in some embodiments, the volatile memory 504 and the processing device 502 also constitute machine-readable storage media.

[0108] Although computer-readable storage medium 524 is shown as a single medium in the illustrative example, the term "computer-readable storage medium" should include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and / or associated caches and servers) that store one or more sets of executable instructions. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should also include any tangible medium capable of storing or encoding a set of instructions for execution by a computer, which causes the computer to perform any or more methods described herein. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should include, but is not limited to, solid-state memory, optical media, and magnetic media.

[0109] The methods, components, and features described herein can be implemented by distributed hardware components or integrated into the functionality of other hardware components such as ASICs, FPGAs, DSPs, or similar devices. Furthermore, the methods, components, and features can be implemented by firmware modules or functional circuitry within a hardware device. Additionally, the methods, components, and features can be implemented in any combination of hardware devices and computer program components, or within a computer program.

[0110] Unless otherwise specified, terms such as “receive,” “transmit,” “determine,” “generate,” “cause,” “act,” “adjust,” “control,” “identify,” and “provide” refer to actions and processes performed or implemented by a computer system that manipulate data represented as physical (electronic) quantities in computer system registers and memories and convert them into physical quantities similarly represented in computer system memory or registers or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices. Furthermore, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc., used herein are intended as labels to distinguish different elements and may not have ordinal meaning based on their numerical names.

[0111] The examples described herein also relate to an apparatus for performing the methods described herein. This apparatus may be specifically configured to perform the methods described herein, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer system selectively programmed by a computer program stored in a computer system. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer-readable tangible storage medium.

[0112] The methods and illustrative examples described herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other device. Various general-purpose systems can be used in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized devices to perform the methods and / or their respective functions, routines, subroutines, or operations described herein. Structural examples of various such systems are illustrated in the description above.

[0113] Although the operations of the methods herein are shown and described in a specific order, the order of operations for each method can be changed so that some operations can be performed in reverse order, or that some operations can be performed at least partially concurrently with other operations. In another embodiment, instructions or sub-operations of different operations can be performed intermittently and / or alternately.

[0114] The foregoing description sets forth numerous specific details, such as examples of specific systems, components, methods, etc., to provide a good understanding of several embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that at least some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented without these specific details. In other instances, well-known components or methods are not described in detail, or are presented in a simple block diagram format to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific details set forth are merely exemplary. Specific implementations may differ from these exemplary details and may still be contemplated within the scope of this disclosure. The description of a system herein may include a description of one or more optional components. Components may include combinations not specifically discussed in this disclosure and still remain within the scope of this disclosure.

[0115] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with the description of that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the term "or" is intended to indicate an inclusive "or," not an exclusive "or." When the terms "about," "substantially," or "approximately" are used herein, this means that the presented nominal values ​​are accurate to within ±10%. Additionally, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used herein are intended as labels to distinguish different elements and do not necessarily have ordinal meanings based on their numerical names.

[0116] As used herein, the terms “above,” “below,” “between,” “set on,” “before,” “after,” and “above” refer to the relative position of a material layer or component with respect to other layers or components. For example, a layer set on, above, or below another layer may be in direct contact with that layer or may have one or more intermediate layers. Similarly, a layer set between two layers may be in direct contact with both layers or may have one or more intermediate layers. Likewise, unless otherwise explicitly stated, a feature set between two features may be in direct contact with an adjacent feature or may have one or more intermediate layers or components.

[0117] It should be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading and understanding the above specification. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should be determined by referring to the appended claims and the full scope of the equivalents covered by each claim.

Claims

1. A pressure exchanger system, comprising: Pressure exchangers, including: A rotor configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid; A housing, the housing being disposed around the rotor; One or more flushing inlets, the one or more flushing inlets being coupled to the housing; and One or more flushing outlets, said one or more flushing outlets being coupled to the housing; and One or more first valves, the one or more first valves being coupled to the one or more flushing outlets, wherein the one or more first valves in the open position are associated with a flushing operation, and wherein the one or more first valves in the closed position are associated with a lubrication operation; and It includes a lubrication outlet and a second valve connected to the lubrication outlet, the second valve having an open position and a closed position.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one or more first valves and the second valve in the closed position are associated with a lubrication operation as an external lubrication operation, which is performed by an externally supplied fluid; The one or more first valves in the closed position and the second valve in the open position are associated with a lubrication operation as an internal lubrication operation, which is performed by fluid supplied by the pressure exchanger; The one or more first valves in the open position and the second valve in the closed position are associated with a flushing operation.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lubrication outlet is fluidly connected to the high-pressure outlet port of the pressure exchanger.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a third valve having an open position and a closed position, associated with at least one of the one or more flushing inlets, wherein: The one or more first valves in the closed position, the second valve in the open position, and the third valve in the closed position are associated with lubricating fluid, which enters through a first flush inlet of one or more flush inlets and flows out to the discharge line through a second flush inlet of one or more flush inlets.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one or more flushing inlets are fluidly connected to the radial bearing clearance between the rotor and the sleeve surrounding the rotor.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one or more flushing outlets are fluidly connected to a circumferential groove located between the rotor and an end cap disposed at the distal end of the rotor.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the one or more flushing inlets or the one or more flushing outlets are associated with flushing one or more of the following: The radial bearing clearance between the rotor and the sleeve of the pressure exchanger; The circumferential groove between the rotor and the end cap disposed at the distal end of the rotor; An axial bearing clearance is provided between the rotor and the end cover; The outer diameter of the sleeve is provided between the sleeve and the housing; or A tie rod is installed in the rotor.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surface of the sleeve of the pressure exchanger forms a collection groove; The sleeve is arranged around the rotor; The rotor forms a channel between the pipe and the outer surface of the rotor; as well as The particles will be collected in the collection groove and discharged through the pipe in response to the channel aligned with the collection groove.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve is arranged around the rotor; The outer surface of the rotor forms a collection groove; and The sleeve forms a passage that connects the collection groove to the outlet of the pressure exchanger in response to alignment of the collection groove with the passage.

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an end cap disposed at the distal end of the pressure exchanger and a bearing fluid filter disposed in the end cap, wherein the pressure exchanger is used to guide a portion of the first fluid or the second fluid leaving the pressure exchanger through the bearing fluid filter to the bearing of the pressure exchanger.

11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes coatings on one or more of the following components: Circumferential groove on end cap; Rotor center hole; Rotor pipe; Outer surface of the sleeve; Rotor outer surface; or Rotor axial surface.

12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The coating is one or more of a hydrophobic coating, an anti-adhesion coating, an oleophobic coating, or a silver nanoparticle coating.

13. A pressure exchanger, comprising: A rotor configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid; A housing, the housing being disposed around the rotor; One or more flushing inlets, which are coupled to the housing and associated with the radial bearing clearance of the pressure exchanger; A flushing outlet, coupled to the housing and associated with a circumferential recess of the pressure exchanger, wherein one or more first valves are coupled to the flushing outlet, wherein the one or more first valves in the open position are associated with a flushing operation, and wherein the one or more first valves in the closed position are associated with a lubrication operation. A lubrication outlet and a second valve connected to the lubrication outlet, the second valve having an open position and a closed position.

14. The pressure exchanger according to claim 13, characterized in that, in: The one or more first valves and the second valve in the closed position are associated with an external lubrication operation, which is performed by an externally supplied fluid; The one or more first valves in the closed position and the second valve in the open position are associated with an internal lubrication operation, which is performed by fluid supplied by a pressure exchanger; as well as The one or more first valves in the open position and the second valve in the closed position are associated with a flushing operation.

15. The pressure exchanger according to claim 13, characterized in that: The sleeve of the pressure exchanger is arranged around the rotor; A collection groove is formed on the inner surface of the rotor; The rotor forms a channel between the pipe and the outer surface of the rotor; as well as The particles will be collected in the collection groove and flushed out through the pipe in response to the channel aligned with the collection groove.

16. The pressure exchanger according to claim 13, characterized in that: The sleeve of the pressure exchanger is arranged around the rotor; The outer surface of the rotor forms a collection groove; and The sleeve forms a passage that connects the collection groove to the low-pressure outlet of the pressure exchanger in response to alignment of the collection groove with the passage.

17. The pressure exchanger according to claim 13, characterized in that, It also includes an end cap disposed at the distal end of the pressure exchanger and a bearing fluid filter disposed in the end cap, wherein the pressure exchanger is used to guide a portion of the fluid leaving the pressure exchanger through the bearing fluid filter to the bearing of the pressure exchanger.

18. A method for flushing and lubricating a pressure exchanger, the pressure exchanger comprising: A rotor configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid; A housing, the housing being disposed around the rotor; A flushing inlet, which is connected to the housing; as well as A flushing outlet, which is connected to the housing; The method includes: Actuating one or more first valves to the open position, the one or more first valves being coupled to a flush outlet of the pressure exchanger, wherein the flush outlet is coupled to the housing of the pressure exchanger and associated with a circumferential recess of the pressure exchanger; and The second valve is actuated to the closed position. The second valve is associated with the lubrication outlet, wherein the one or more first valves in the open position and the second valve in the closed position are associated with the flushing operation of the pressure exchanger.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, It also includes allowing in-situ cleaning fluid to flow through one or more flushing inlets connected to the housing and associated with the radial bearing clearance of the pressure exchanger, so that the fluid flows through the radial bearing clearance, reaches the circumferential groove, and flows out through the flushing outlet.

20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, It also includes actuating the one or more first valves to a closed position and actuating the second valve to an open position to perform an internal lubrication operation of the pressure exchanger, the internal lubrication operation being performed by fluid supplied to the pressure exchanger.

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