A medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage

Abstract

The present invention provides a medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage, which includes a furnace body. The internal space of the furnace body is divided into a pyrolysis reaction chamber, a combustion reaction chamber, and an ash chamber from top to bottom by an upper grate assembly and a lower grate assembly. A secondary burner is provided inside the pyrolysis reaction chamber. A pyrolysis gas collection system communicating with the pyrolysis reaction chamber, a combustion air supply system communicating with the combustion reaction chamber, and a flue gas output pipe communicating with the ash chamber are provided on the furnace body. During operation, the secondary combustion air and the pyrolysis flue gas enter the secondary burner simultaneously to react, releasing heat to maintain the continuous progress of the pyrolysis reaction and generating pyrolysis flue gas. The residue after the pyrolysis of the garbage enters the combustion reaction chamber, and the ash and combustion flue gas formed under the action of the primary combustion air enter the ash chamber. The structure provided by the present invention can concentrate more heat of the garbage reaction on the pyrolysis of the garbage, overcoming the problems of difficult direct combustion of low calorific value garbage and difficult achievement of emission standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of harmless, reduction and resource treatment of garbage, in particular to a medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for ultra-low calorific value garbage represented by floating garbage. Background Art

[0002] The water areas of inland rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. in China are 270,000 square kilometers, and the offshore water areas are 370,000 square kilometers.

[0003] With the country's emphasis on the ecological environment, the ban on burning and logging in rural areas, the restoration of surface vegetation ecology, the extensive use of packaging materials such as plastics, the implementation of the river chief system, lake chief system, and bay chief system, and the improvement of salvage technology and salvage rate, the floating garbage collected each year has exceeded 100 million tons and is increasing year by year.

[0004] The water area floating garbage mainly includes dead branches and trees, foam plastics, domestic garbage, floating aquatic plants, etc., among which there are also animal carcasses and live aquatic animals. If the floating garbage fished out of the water is not treated promptly and properly, it will soon breed germs, mosquitoes and flies, emit a stench, and flow out leachate and leachate with a very high COD concentration, which will pollute the environment.

[0005] At present, in addition to the components that can be recycled as wood in the floating garbage, incineration treatment of the rest is still the first choice. In China, except for large-scale water-blocking dams, important river sections, offshore garbage belts and other water outlets with large-scale salvage conditions that can reach 600 tons per day, the amount of a single floating garbage water outlet in general medium and small-sized tributaries, lake areas, and reservoir areas is generally less than 50 tons per day and does not have the conditions for centralized incineration treatment. In addition, with two-level ship-truck or multi-level ship-truck-compression-truck combined transportation, the large-scale centralized treatment cost is extremely high. Using medium and small-sized incineration equipment to disperse and incinerate floating garbage near the water outlet can reduce the comprehensive operation cost and has a great market demand.

[0006] Compared with domestic garbage, the differences of floating garbage are as follows: First, the water content is very high and the calorific value is low. The floating objects contain a lot of soaked rotten wood, branches, straws, duckweeds, waterweeds, and even whole live trees. After being fished out of the water and leaching for 24 hours, the comprehensive water content is still as high as 65%-75%. The average low calorific value before drying treatment is generally less than 4.8 kJ / kg, and it is difficult to directly incinerate without auxiliary fuel or dehydration drying.

[0007] Therefore, the key problem to be overcome in using a small incineration system to treat water surface floating garbage is how to reduce the pollutant emissions in the heat conversion process at an acceptable comprehensive operation cost.

[0008] In order to adapt to the incineration treatment of low-calorific-value waste, a large number of technical studies have been carried out at home and abroad, including drying pretreatment, injecting auxiliary fuel or supplying heat into the furnace, regenerating heat from high-temperature flue gas to the furnace chamber, and so on. For example:

[0009] Patent 201710580397.X (CN107461746 A) proposed a small domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace and purification system, separating the pyrolysis and combustion processes of waste into two furnace chambers. All the combustion flue gas flows into the pyrolysis furnace chamber, and the heat released by the combustion of pyrolysis residues is used to supply the energy required for the drying and pyrolysis of waste. The pyrolysis gas directly enters the downstream passive treatment link without being burned. However, pyrolysis gas is a very difficult pollutant to treat, so this invention will inevitably lead to extremely high contents of tar substances and VOCs in the flue gas, forming serious secondary pollution, and the energy balance required for each part cannot be achieved in the furnace reaction;

[0010] Patent 201810804591.6 (CN108826310A) proposed a segmented small waste incinerator, separating the preheating and drying and combustion processes of waste into two furnace chambers. A part of the combustion flue gas flows into the drying furnace chamber and strictly controls the pyrolysis reaction of waste in the drying furnace chamber. A part of the heat released by the combustion of waste is used to preheat and dry the waste, and the pollutants in the combustion flue gas are reduced by burning the dried waste to reach a higher temperature. However, due to the complexity of waste itself, even after drying treatment, direct combustion will still produce pollutants that are difficult to treat;

[0011] It was not until Patent 202210177504.5 (CN114484448A) proposed a small domestic waste clean incineration system and its energy balance method, and 202210177528.0 (CN 114857586 A) proposed a small domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator and pyrolysis gasification method that the heat balance problem of waste pyrolysis gasification was solved logically and methodologically, taking a big step forward for low-calorific-value waste to achieve heat treatment without relying on auxiliary fuel. However, this technology requires the setting of an independent secondary combustion chamber and a huge heat regeneration system. And since the heat regeneration amount from the secondary combustion flue gas to the pyrolysis-combustion furnace chamber is proportional to the flow rate of the mixed combustion air, in fact, the amount of mixed combustion air required in the pyrolysis-combustion furnace chamber is not large, resulting in a certain limitation of the heat regeneration amount (equal to the product of specific heat, temperature rise and flow rate). Once the calorific value of waste is extremely low, it is still difficult to completely solve the heat problem required in the pyrolysis gasification link of waste.

[0012] Combined with the characteristics of high moisture content and low calorific value of floating garbage, the development of an incineration treatment system that can adapt to low calorific value garbage and whose heat recovery in the pyrolysis-combustion furnace is not limited by the air flow rate for co-incineration is of great significance for the clean heat treatment of low calorific value garbage represented by surface floating garbage, including organic solid wastes such as domestic garbage with a high proportion of kitchen waste, stale garbage, and municipal sludge. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The present invention provides a medium and small-sized floating garbage incineration treatment system to achieve a large amount of heat recovery for the pyrolysis furnace, promote the preheating, drying, and pyrolysis of garbage, and then transfer a large amount of the heat generated by the secondary combustion of pyrolysis gas to the pyrolysis reaction bed layer to promote a high-level pyrolysis gasification reaction of garbage. The carbonaceous residues that are difficult to pyrolyze and gasify, as well as the flue gas after secondary combustion, are subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion again, thereby realizing the clean heat treatment of low calorific value garbage.

[0014] To solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a medium and small-sized floating garbage incineration treatment system, including a furnace body.

[0015] The furnace body includes a top wall and side walls.

[0016] A feed inlet is provided in the middle of the top wall.

[0017] The space enclosed by the top wall and the side walls is successively provided with an upper grate assembly and a lower grate assembly from top to bottom.

[0018] The space above the upper grate assembly is a pyrolysis reaction chamber.

[0019] The space between the upper grate assembly and the lower grate assembly is a combustion reaction chamber.

[0020] The space below the lower grate assembly is an ash chamber.

[0021] A secondary burner is provided inside the pyrolysis reaction chamber, and the structure of the secondary burner:

[0022] Includes an air inlet pipe and a pyrolysis gas inlet pipe. Both the air inlet pipe and the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe have at least one end extending out of the side wall of the furnace body to the outside of the furnace body. The secondary burner is installed on the side wall of the furnace body through the air inlet pipe and the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe.

[0023] The side wall is successively provided with: a pyrolysis gas collection system communicating with the pyrolysis reaction chamber, a combustion air supply system communicating with the combustion reaction chamber, and a flue gas outlet pipe communicating with the ash chamber from top to bottom.

[0024] A pyrolysis gas circulation pipe communicating with the pyrolysis gas collection system is provided on the pyrolysis gas collection system. A pyrolysis gas induced draft fan is provided on the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe, and the other end thereof communicates with the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe of the secondary burner.

[0025] A pyrolysis chamber ignition burner is provided on the side wall corresponding to the pyrolysis reaction chamber;

[0026] A combustion chamber ignition burner is provided on the side wall corresponding to the combustion reaction chamber.

[0027] Preferably, for the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe, at a position outside the furnace body upstream of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan, a pyrolysis gas temperature sensor, a pyrolysis gas pressure sensor, and a pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor are provided.

[0028] Optionally, the structure of the secondary burner further includes a pyrolysis gas transition chamber and a secondary combustion chamber outer shell. The pyrolysis gas transition chamber is inside the secondary combustion chamber outer shell, and the two are coaxial;

[0029] The annular space formed between the outside of the pyrolysis gas transition chamber and the inside of the secondary combustion chamber outer shell is called the ignition annular gap;

[0030] The pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe communicates with the pyrolysis gas transition chamber. A swirler is provided at the top of the pyrolysis gas transition chamber; the air outlet of the swirler is located in the ignition annular gap;

[0031] The air inlet pipe communicates with the inside of the secondary combustion chamber outer shell, and the communicating part is also inside the ignition annular gap;

[0032] An igniter for igniting gaseous fuel is provided in the ignition annular gap;

[0033] The secondary combustion chamber outer shell is provided with a secondary combustion flue gas hole leading to the pyrolysis reaction chamber.

[0034] Optionally, a flue gas temperature sensor, a flue gas pressure sensor, and a flue gas oxygen concentration sensor are provided on the flue gas external transmission pipe;

[0035] Preferably, a recuperator is provided on the flue gas external transmission pipe and is connected to the inlet of the flue gas side of the recuperator; the outlet of the flue gas side of the recuperator is connected to a flue gas downcomer; the air side inlet of the recuperator is connected to a blower, and the air side outlet is divided into two paths, namely the secondary combustion chamber air supply pipe and the combustion chamber air supply pipe respectively; among them, the secondary combustion chamber air supply pipe communicates with the air inlet pipe of the secondary burner, and the combustion chamber air supply pipe communicates with the combustion air supply system; the flue gas downcomer is connected to the downstream flue gas purification treatment unit and the main induced draft fan;

[0036] Preferably, along the flue gas flow direction on the flue gas external transmission pipe, a pyrolysis recuperator and a combustion recuperator are successively connected in series; for the pyrolysis recuperator, the air side inlet is connected to a secondary combustion blower, and the air side outlet is connected to the secondary combustion chamber air supply pipe; for the combustion recuperator, the air side inlet is connected to a combustion blower, and the air side outlet is connected to the combustion chamber air supply pipe;

[0037] When starting up, enter the furnace heating condition:

[0038] Open the split upper grate assembly. The water area floating garbage that has undergone pretreatment such as crushing or breaking enters the combustion reaction chamber through the feed inlet and fills it. Then close the split upper grate assembly to fill the pyrolysis reaction chamber, respectively forming a combustion reaction bed layer and a pyrolysis reaction bed layer.

[0039] Close the secondary combustion chamber gas supply pipe, open the combustion chamber gas supply pipe, and close the blower. Under the action of the downstream main induced draft fan, a small amount of air flows through the blower, regenerator, combustion chamber gas supply pipe, and combustion air supply system and enters the combustion reaction chamber.

[0040] Start the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan; at the same time, start the pyrolysis chamber ignition burner and the combustion chamber ignition burner. The pyrolysis reaction bed layer and the combustion reaction bed layer start heating and temperature rising simultaneously.

[0041] During the temperature rising process of the combustion reaction bed layer, after air enters the combustion reaction chamber, it seeps downward through the combustion reaction bed layer, enters the ash chamber, enters the regenerator through the flue gas outlet pipe, and flows downstream through the flue gas downcomer.

[0042] As the ignition range of the combustion reaction bed layer becomes larger and larger, the temperature of the combustion flue gas becomes higher and higher. When the flue gas temperature sensor reaches the set value, start the blower and gradually adjust the opening degree of the combustion chamber gas supply pipe, that is, adjust the flow rate of the primary combustion mixed air entering the combustion air supply system. When the data monitored by the flue gas oxygen concentration sensor and the flue gas temperature sensor are within the set range, turn off the ignition burner in the combustion reaction chamber.

[0043] In the pyrolysis reaction chamber, under the action of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan, the gas flows through the pyrolysis gas collection system, pyrolysis gas circulation pipe, pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe of the secondary burner, pyrolysis gas transition chamber, cyclone, ignition annular gap in sequence, and then enters the pyrolysis reaction chamber from the secondary burner and seeps upward through the pyrolysis reaction bed layer to form a cycle.

[0044] With the continuous operation of the pyrolysis ignition burner, the temperature of the air flow gradually increases, and the pyrolysis reaction bed starts to catch fire and undergo oxidation reactions, with the oxygen concentration in the pyrolysis flue gas becoming lower and lower; as the oxygen in the pyrolysis reaction chamber is gradually exhausted, the pyrolysis reaction bed gradually enters the pyrolysis reaction state; when the value of the pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor drops to zero and the pyrolysis gas temperature sensor reaches the preset value, the secondary combustion gas supply pipe gradually opens, and the secondary combustion air for blending from the regenerator or pyrolysis regenerator enters the ignition ring gap through the secondary combustion chamber gas supply pipe and the secondary burner air inlet pipe, coming into contact with the pyrolysis flue gas; the igniter starts to spark or inject a plasma torch to ignite the pyrolysis flue gas for premixed combustion; when the data monitored by the pyrolysis gas temperature sensor and the pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor are within the set range, it means that a pyrolysis reaction of sufficient intensity has occurred in the pyrolysis reaction bed and stable combustion reactions have been initiated in the secondary burner for the pyrolysis flue gas. Then, the pyrolysis reaction chamber ignition burner and the igniter are turned off, and the furnace startup process is completed.

[0045] After the furnace startup is completed, it enters the stable operation condition:

[0046] The waste enters the pyrolysis reaction chamber continuously from the feed port at the designed flow rate and is evenly scattered on the pyrolysis reaction bed.

[0047] From top to bottom, the pyrolysis reaction bed gradually undergoes endothermic physical and chemical reaction processes such as preheating, drying, heating up, and pyrolysis, generating pyrolysis flue gas containing water vapor and combustible components.

[0048] Under the action of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan, the pyrolysis flue gas continuously passes through the pyrolysis gas collection system, the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe, the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe of the secondary burner, the pyrolysis gas transition chamber, and the cyclone, and enters the ignition ring gap; it undergoes premixed combustion and releases heat with the secondary combustion air for blending from the regenerator and the secondary combustion chamber gas supply pipe, with a temperature of about 250 - 400 °C, forming high-temperature secondary combustion flue gas at 870 - 930 °C in the secondary burner; the high-temperature secondary combustion flue gas enters the interior of the pyrolysis reaction bed through the secondary combustion flue gas holes on the outer shell of the secondary combustion chamber, releases heat to the pyrolysis reaction bed, promotes various physical and chemical reactions such as drying and pyrolysis in the pyrolysis reaction bed, gradually reduces the temperature to 110 - 200 °C, and generates new pyrolysis flue gas, and operates continuously in this cycle.

[0049] During the operation of the pyrolysis reaction chamber, the data of the pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor and the pyrolysis gas temperature sensor are used as the basis for judging whether the secondary burner operates stably; the data of the pyrolysis gas temperature sensor are used as the basis for controlling the flow rate of the secondary combustion air for blending.

[0050] As the pyrolysis reaction proceeds inside the pyrolysis reaction bed, easily pyrolyzable components such as plastics and leaves in the bed are almost completely gasified, and the biomass components are pyrolyzed into carbonaceous residues. The volume of the waste monomers will shrink significantly, and the loose waste particles will directly fall through the gaps of the upper grate assembly or be made to fall through the rotational disturbance of the upper grate assembly and enter the combustion reaction chamber, continuously updating the combustion reaction bed;

[0051] Meanwhile, the primary combustion air for co-combustion, with a temperature of about 250 - 400 °C, from the regenerator and the combustion air supply pipe, enters the combustion reaction chamber through the combustion chamber air supply pipe and the combustion air supply system, percolates through the combustion reaction bed from top to bottom, provides the oxygen required for the reaction in the combustion reaction bed, releases heat, and forms high-temperature combustion flue gas and ash with a temperature of 850 - 930 °C;

[0052] The combustion flue gas and ash fall downward through the gaps of the lower grate assembly and enter the ash chamber; the combustion flue gas then enters the regenerator through the flue gas output pipe;

[0053] In the regenerator, the high-temperature combustion flue gas heats the normal-temperature air to 250 - 400 °C, which means that the heat in the combustion flue gas is respectively transported back to the pyrolysis reaction chamber through the secondary combustion air for co-combustion and back to the combustion reaction chamber through the primary combustion air for co-combustion, promoting the efficient operation of the pyrolysis reaction chamber and the combustion reaction chamber;

[0054] During the operation of the combustion reaction chamber, the data of the flue gas oxygen concentration sensor is used as the basis for controlling the flow rate of the primary combustion air for co-combustion; the relationship between the data of the pyrolysis gas pressure sensor and the flue gas pressure sensor is used as the basis for judging the thickness relationship between the pyrolysis reaction bed and the combustion reaction bed and for controlling whether the upper grate assembly needs to be disturbed to promote the acceleration of the waste in the pyrolysis reaction chamber into the combustion reaction chamber.

[0055] In the stable operation condition, the cooperation mechanism of the pyrolysis reaction chamber and the combustion reaction chamber is as follows:

[0056] When the total generation amount of the secondary combustion flue gas and the pyrolysis gas is greater than the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan, a mixed gas formed by a part of the secondary combustion flue gas absorbed by heat in the pyrolysis reaction bed and a very small amount of pyrolysis gas will pass through the upper grate assembly from top to bottom and enter the combustion reaction chamber, and the combustible components in the mixed gas will further burn and decompose into harmless substances in the combustion reaction chamber;

[0057] When the total generation amount of the secondary combustion flue gas and the pyrolysis gas is less than the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan, a part of the primary combustion air for blending will pass through the upper grate assembly from bottom to top and enter the pyrolysis reaction chamber, causing an oxidation reaction at the part of the pyrolysis reaction bed close to the upper grate assembly, releasing heat and generating more pyrolysis gas, so that the primary combustion air for blending entering the pyrolysis reaction chamber is reduced and returns to the original balanced state.

[0058] When stopping the furnace, enter the furnace shutdown condition:

[0059] Stop feeding garbage into the furnace;

[0060] According to the monitoring data of the pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor, pyrolysis gas pressure sensor, and pyrolysis gas temperature sensor, judge the situation in the pyrolysis reaction chamber;

[0061] When there is little left of the pyrolysis reaction bed and the pyrolysis reaction has stopped, close the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan;

[0062] By rotating the upper grate assembly, transfer all the remaining reaction bed in the pyrolysis reaction chamber to the combustion reaction chamber, and under the combined action of the secondary combustion air for blending and the primary combustion air for blending, accelerate the reaction in the combustion reaction chamber;

[0063] Until the monitoring data of the flue gas oxygen concentration sensor, flue gas pressure sensor, and flue gas temperature sensor show that the set shutdown conditions have been reached, then close the blower and other downstream facilities.

[0064] A medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for water area floating garbage adopting the above structure has the beneficial effects that, based on the traditional technology of returning heat to the furnace by blending air in the discharged flue gas, the energy contained in the garbage is more efficiently and in a larger proportion concentrated in the preheating and drying - pyrolysis gasification link of the garbage, and the different types of thermal reactions are actively controlled separately in different reaction zones, realizing the optimal operation process of the system, overcoming the problems of difficult direct combustion of low calorific value garbage and difficult attainment of pollutant emissions standards. Specifically:

[0065] (1) Place the pyrolysis flue gas secondary combustor inside the pyrolysis reaction bed, and most of the heat (75% - 85%) generated by the secondary combustion of the pyrolysis flue gas can be directly transferred to the pyrolysis reaction bed, enabling the pyrolysis reaction chamber to have good adaptability to water area floating garbage with high moisture content;

[0066] (2) Place the water area floating garbage according to the thermal reaction modes of preheating and drying - pyrolysis gasification, secondary combustion of pyrolysis flue gas, and combustion of carbonaceous residue pyrolyzed to a certain depth. Place the three types of reactions in spatially independent but related and coupled regions respectively, which is easy to actively control according to the characteristics of each type of reaction, achieving the overall optimization of the system operation process.

[0067] (3) The combustible components such as HC and VOCs in the airflow from the pyrolysis reaction chamber to the combustion reaction chamber, i.e. pollutants, will be combined with the fuel-mixed air during the process of flowing through the combustion reaction bed with an overall oxygen-rich atmosphere, and will be fully oxidized and decomposed;

[0068] (4) Part of the heat in the combustion flue gas is returned to the secondary burner and the combustion reaction chamber through the regenerator, the secondary combustion air, and the secondary combustion air, further improving the combustion stability of the pyrolysis flue gas, improving the combustion effect of the carbon residue after pyrolysis, reducing the pollution factors such as HC, VOCs, CO, PCDD / Fs in the combustion flue gas, reducing the downstream flue gas treatment load, and facilitating the realization of stable flue gas compliance or ultra-low emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 A front view of a small to medium-sized incineration system for floating garbage in waters provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA sectional view;

[0071] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point Ⅰ;

[0072] Figure 4 for Figure 2 BB cross-sectional view;

[0073] Figure 5 for Figure 3 CC cross-section diagram;

[0074] Figure 6 This is an axonometric view of the secondary combustion zone;

[0075] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another small- to medium-sized incineration system for floating garbage in waters provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0077] 1. Furnace body; 2. Pyrolysis gas collection system; 3. Pyrolysis reaction chamber; 4. Secondary burner; 5. Upper grate assembly; 6. Combustion air supply system; 7. Flue gas transmission pipe; 8. Combustion flue gas; 9. Ash chamber; 10. Lower grate assembly; 11. Combustion reaction chamber; 12. Pyrolysis flue gas; 13. Pyrolysis gas induced draft fan; 14. Pyrolysis gas circulation pipe; 15. Flue gas downcomer; 16. Regenerator; 17. Air; 18. Blower; 19. Pyrolysis regenerator; 20. Combustion regenerator; 011. Feed inlet; 012. Top wall; 013. Side wall; 111. Combustion chamber ignition burner; 112. Combustion reaction bed; 141. Pyrolysis gas temperature sensor; 142. Pyrolysis gas pressure sensor; 143. Pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor; 161. Secondary combustion chamber gas supply pipe; 162. Combustion chamber gas supply pipe; 171. Secondary combustion air for blending; 172. Primary combustion air for blending; 181. Secondary combustion blower; 182. Combustion blower; 301. Pyrolysis reaction bed; 302. Pyrolysis chamber ignition burner; 410. Air inlet pipe; 411. Outlet channel on the A side; 412. Outlet channel on the B side; 420. Pyrolysis gas transition chamber; 430. Igniter; 440. Swirler; 450. Secondary combustion chamber outer shell; 451. Secondary combustion flue gas holes; 452. Conical cylinder; 460. Ignition ring gap; 470. Pyrolysis gas inlet pipe; 480. Secondary combustion flue gas; 701. Flue gas temperature sensor; 702. Flue gas pressure sensor; 703. Flue gas oxygen concentration sensor; 901. Ash. Detailed implementation manners

[0078] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present invention can be completely conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0079] Embodiment 1

[0080] An embodiment of the present invention provides a medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for water area floating garbage, and its structure is as Figure 1 shown, including a furnace body 1 composed of a top wall 012 and side walls 013,

[0081] A feed inlet 011 is provided at the middle part of the top wall 012;

[0082] The space enclosed by the top wall 012 and the side walls 013 is successively provided with an upper grate assembly 5 and a lower grate assembly 10 from top to bottom; the upper grate assembly 5 is a rotatable grate that can be opened in two parts;

[0083] The space above the upper grate assembly 5 is a pyrolysis reaction chamber 3;

[0084] The space between the upper grate assembly 5 and the lower grate assembly 10 is the combustion reaction chamber 11;

[0085] The space below the lower grate assembly 10 is the ash chamber 9;

[0086] Inside the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, there is a secondary burner 4. The structure of the secondary burner 4 is based on Figure 1 and combined with Figures 2 to 6 :

[0087] It includes an air inlet pipe 410 and a pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe 470. At least one end of the air inlet pipe 410 and the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe 470 extends outside the side wall 013 to the furnace body 1; the secondary burner 4 is installed on the side wall 013 of the furnace body 1 through the air inlet pipe 410 and the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe 470.

[0088] The secondary burner 4 also includes a pyrolysis gas transition chamber 420 and a secondary combustion outer shell 450. The pyrolysis gas transition chamber 420 is inside the secondary combustion outer shell 450, and their vertical centerlines coincide;

[0089] The annular space formed between the outside of the pyrolysis gas transition chamber 420 and the inside of the secondary combustion outer shell 450 is the ignition ring gap 460;

[0090] The pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe 470 communicates with the pyrolysis gas transition chamber 420, and a swirler 440 is provided at the top of the pyrolysis gas transition chamber 420; the outlet of the swirler 440 leads to the ignition ring gap 460;

[0091] The air inlet pipe 410 communicates with the inside of the secondary combustion outer shell 450, and the communicating part is also inside the ignition ring gap 460. And one of the structures of the communicating part, as Figure 5 shown, at the part where the air inlet pipe 410 is located in the ignition ring gap 460, a first side air outlet channel 411 and a second side air outlet channel 412 are opened. The first side air outlet channel 411 and the second side air outlet channel 412 are centrosymmetric in the top view with respect to the vertical centerline of the pyrolysis gas transition chamber 420. That is, after the air flow in the air inlet pipe 410 enters the ignition ring gap 460, it can rotate around the vertical centerline of the pyrolysis gas transition chamber 420;

[0092] Inside the ignition ring gap 460, as Figure 3 shown, there is an igniter 430 for igniting gaseous fuel; on the secondary combustion outer shell 450, there is a secondary combustion flue gas hole 451 leading to the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3.

[0093] The side wall 013, from top to bottom, is successively provided with: a pyrolysis gas collection system 2 communicating with the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, a combustion air supply system 6 communicating with the combustion reaction chamber 11, and a flue gas output pipe 7 communicating with the ash chamber 9;

[0094] A pyrolysis gas collection system 2 is provided with a pyrolysis gas circulation pipe 14 communicating therewith. A pyrolysis gas induced draft fan 13 is provided on the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe 14, and the other end thereof communicates with the pyrolysis gas inlet pipe 470 of the secondary burner 4;

[0095] On the side wall 013 corresponding to the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, a pyrolysis chamber ignition burner 302 is provided;

[0096] On the side wall 013 corresponding to the combustion reaction chamber 11, a combustion chamber ignition burner 111 is provided.

[0097] On the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe 14, at a position outside the furnace body 1 upstream of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan 13, a pyrolysis gas temperature sensor 141, a pyrolysis gas pressure sensor 142, and a pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor 143 are provided.

[0098] On the flue gas outlet pipe 7, a flue gas temperature sensor 701, a flue gas pressure sensor 702, and a flue gas oxygen concentration sensor 703 are provided;

[0099] A recuperator 16 is provided on the flue gas outlet pipe 7 and is connected to the inlet of the flue gas side of the recuperator 16; the flue gas side outlet of the recuperator 16 is connected with a flue gas downcomer 15; the flue gas downcomer 15 is connected to the downstream flue gas purification treatment unit and related components such as the main induced draft fan;

[0100] The air side inlet of the recuperator 16 is connected with a blower 18, and the air side outlet is divided into two paths, namely the air supply pipe 161 for the secondary combustion chamber and the air supply pipe 162 for the combustion chamber; among them, the air supply pipe 161 for the secondary combustion chamber communicates with the air inlet pipe 410 of the secondary burner 4, and the air supply pipe 162 for the combustion chamber communicates with the combustion air supply system 6.

[0101] A medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for water area floating garbage, during the stable operation process:

[0102] The garbage enters the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 from the feed port 011 to form a pyrolysis reaction bed layer 301. From top to bottom, the pyrolysis reaction bed layer 301 gradually undergoes endothermic physical and chemical reaction processes such as preheating, drying, heating up, and pyrolysis, generating pyrolysis gas containing water vapor and combustible components. The pyrolysis gas is mixed with gasifying agents such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen passing through the pyrolysis reaction bed layer 301 to form pyrolysis flue gas 12;

[0103] Under the action of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan 13, the pyrolysis flue gas 12 passes through the pyrolysis gas collection system 2, the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe 14, the pyrolysis gas inlet pipe 410 of the secondary burner 4, the pyrolysis gas transition chamber 450, the swirler 440, and enters the ignition annular gap 460;

[0104] Meanwhile, the secondary combustion air 171 from the regenerator 16 and the secondary combustion air supply pipe 161 enters the secondary combustion chamber 4, then enters through the air inlet pipe 410, and reaches the ignition ring gap 460 through the air outlet channel 411 on the A side and the air outlet channel 412 on the B side;

[0105] After the pyrolysis flue gas 12 is combined with the secondary combustion air 171, premixed combustion occurs, releasing heat and forming high-temperature secondary combustion flue gas 480;

[0106] The secondary combustion flue gas 480 enters the pyrolysis reaction bed layer 301 through the secondary combustion flue gas holes 451, and releases heat to the pyrolysis reaction bed layer 301, promoting various physical and chemical reactions such as drying and pyrolysis to occur in the pyrolysis reaction bed layer 301, generating new pyrolysis flue gas 12, and operating in this cycle continuously;

[0107] As the reaction proceeds inside the pyrolysis reaction bed layer 301, components such as plastics and leaves in the bed layer are almost completely gasified, and the biomass components with a relatively high lignin content are gradually carbonized during the pyrolysis process, forming carbonaceous residues. The monomer volume of the carbonaceous residues will shrink significantly, and the loose carbonaceous residues directly fall through the gaps of the upper grate assembly 5, or are dropped by disturbing through the action of the upper grate assembly 5, and enter the combustion reaction chamber 11, continuously updating the combustion reaction bed layer 112;

[0108] Meanwhile, the primary combustion air 172 from the regenerator 16 and the combustion air supply pipe 162 enters the combustion reaction chamber 11 through the combustion air supply system 6, and then seeps through the combustion reaction bed layer 112 from top to bottom, providing the oxygen required for the reaction of the combustion reaction bed layer 11, releasing heat, and forming high-temperature combustion flue gas 8 and ash 901;

[0109] The combustion flue gas 8 and ash 901 pass downward through the gaps of the lower grate assembly 10 and enter the ash chamber 9, and the combustion flue gas 8 enters the regenerator 16 through the flue gas output pipe 7;

[0110] In the regenerator 16, the normal-temperature combustion air 17 from the blower absorbs the heat carried by the combustion flue gas 8 and heats up, and then goes to the secondary combustion chamber 4 and the pyrolysis reaction chamber 11 respectively to support and improve the corresponding combustion reactions;

[0111] The combustion flue gas 8 with a slightly reduced temperature flows out of the regenerator 16 and flows downstream through the flue gas downpipe 15 for further treatment.

[0112] During the stable operation process, the cooperation mechanism between the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 and the combustion reaction chamber 11 is as follows:

[0113] When the total production of the secondary combustion flue gas 480 and the pyrolysis gas is greater than the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan 13, a mixed gas formed by a part of the secondary combustion flue gas 480 absorbed by the pyrolysis reaction bed 301 and a small amount of pyrolysis gas will pass through the upper grate assembly 5 from top to bottom and enter the combustion reaction chamber 11. The combustible components in the mixed gas will further burn and decompose into harmless substances in the combustion reaction chamber 11;

[0114] When the total production of the secondary combustion flue gas 480 and the pyrolysis gas is less than the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan 13, a part of the primary combustion air for mixing 172 will pass through the upper grate assembly 5 from bottom to top and enter the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, causing an oxidation reaction at the part of the pyrolysis reaction bed 301 close to the upper grate assembly 5, releasing heat and generating more pyrolysis gas, so that the primary combustion air for mixing 172 entering the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 is reduced and returns to the original equilibrium state.

[0115] The data monitored by the pyrolysis gas temperature sensor 141, the pyrolysis gas pressure sensor 142, the pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor 143, as well as the flue gas temperature sensor 701, the flue gas pressure sensor 702, and the flue gas oxygen concentration sensor 703 during the operation of the system provide a basis for judgment for the process control during the operation of the system.

[0116] Thus, the thermal conversion process of the "three transformations" treatment of ultra-low calorific value waste represented by water area floating waste is completed.

[0117] Embodiment 2

[0118] As Figure 7 shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that:

[0119] The recuperator 16 is cancelled, and the combustion flue gas 8, and:

[0120] After the flue gas outlet pipe 7 leaves the ash chamber 9, along the flow direction, a pyrolysis recuperator 19 and a combustion recuperator 20 are successively connected in series, that is, the flue gas side outlet of the pyrolysis recuperator 19 is communicated with the flue gas side inlet of the combustion recuperator 20;

[0121] For the pyrolysis recuperator 19, the air side inlet is connected with the secondary combustion blower 181, and the air side outlet is connected to the secondary combustion chamber gas supply pipe 161;

[0122] For the combustion recuperator 20, the air side inlet is connected with the combustion blower 182, and the air side outlet is connected to the combustion chamber gas supply pipe 162;

[0123] During operation:

[0124] The secondary combustion air for mixing 171 passes through the secondary combustion blower 181, the pyrolysis recuperator 19, and the secondary combustion chamber gas supply pipe 161, and enters the secondary combustion chamber 4 to support the combustion reaction of the pyrolysis flue gas 12;

[0125] A portion of the combustion air 172 enters the combustion reaction chamber 11 through the combustion blower 182, the combustion recuperator 20, the combustion gas supply pipe 162, and the combustion air supply system 6 to support the combustion reaction of the combustion reaction bed 112.

[0126] In this embodiment, the secondary combustion air 171 and the primary combustion air 172 are controlled separately, which helps to overcome the mutual interference when these two paths of combustion air enter the furnace, but the manufacturing cost increases.

[0127] The above are the implementation manners of the present invention. It should also be noted that:

[0128] First, for the medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage of the present invention, "floating garbage" is also referred to as "surface floating garbage", "water body floating garbage", "floating garbage", "surface garbage", etc. in some documents, and all refer to the floating objects salvaged from waters such as rivers, lakes, seas, etc.

[0129] Second, the present invention is mainly applied to floating garbage, but can also be used for the incineration treatment of other types of low-calorific-value organic solid wastes, such as domestic garbage with a high proportion of kitchen waste, stale garbage, municipal sludge, brewing residues and other organic solid wastes.

[0130] Third, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, some orientation words used to clearly describe the technical features of the present invention, such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "side", etc. are all in the normal orientation relative to the ground when the incineration treatment system of the present invention is normally installed. For example, the orientation relatively far from the installation surface is "upper", the orientation relatively close to the vertical center line of the reaction chamber is "inner", and the direction perpendicular to the up and down is "side", etc.

[0131] The above are the preferred implementation manners of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art of the present technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage, characterized in that It includes a furnace body (1) composed of a top wall (012) and side walls (013); In the space enclosed by the top wall (012) and the side walls (013), from top to bottom, there are arranged an upper grate assembly (5) and a lower grate assembly (10) in sequence; The upper grate assembly (5) and the lower grate assembly (10) divide the inner space of the furnace body 1 into a pyrolysis reaction chamber (3), a combustion reaction chamber (11), and an ash chamber (9) from top to bottom; A secondary burner (4) is arranged inside the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3); the secondary burner (4) includes an air inlet pipe (410) and a pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe (470); at least one end of both the air inlet pipe (410) and the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe (470) passes through the side wall (013) and extends outside the furnace body (1); the inside of the secondary burner (4) communicates with the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3); the secondary burner (4) further includes a pyrolysis gas transition chamber (420) and a secondary combustion chamber shell (450), the pyrolysis gas transition chamber (420) is inside the secondary combustion chamber shell (450), and their vertical centerlines coincide; a starting combustion annular gap (460) is formed between the outside of the pyrolysis gas transition chamber (420) and the inside of the secondary combustion chamber shell (450), and the secondary combustion chamber shell (450) is provided with secondary combustion flue gas holes (451) for the inside of the secondary combustion chamber shell (450) to communicate with the pyrolysis reaction chamber; On the side wall (013), from top to bottom, there are arranged a pyrolysis gas collection system (2) communicating with the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3), a combustion air supply system (6) communicating with the combustion reaction chamber (11), and a flue gas outlet pipe (7) communicating with the ash chamber (9) in sequence; The pyrolysis gas collection system (2) is connected to the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe (470) of the secondary burner (4) through a pyrolysis gas circulation pipe (14), and a pyrolysis gas induced draft fan (13) is arranged on the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe (14).

2. The medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that The inside of the pyrolysis gas transition chamber (420) communicates with the pyrolysis flue gas inlet pipe (470), and a swirler (440) is arranged at its top; the outlet of the swirler (440) leads to the starting combustion annular gap (460); The inside of the secondary combustion chamber shell (450) communicates with the air inlet pipe (410), and the communicating part is located inside the starting combustion annular gap (460).

3. The medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that A pyrolysis gas induced draft fan (13) is arranged on the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe (14), and a pyrolysis gas temperature sensor (141), a pyrolysis gas pressure sensor (142), and a pyrolysis gas oxygen concentration sensor (143) are arranged at the part of the pyrolysis gas circulation pipe (14) outside the furnace body (1) upstream of the pyrolysis gas induced draft fan (13).

4. A medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flue gas temperature sensor 701, a flue gas pressure sensor 702, and a flue gas oxygen concentration sensor 703 are arranged on the flue gas outlet pipe 7.

5. A medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating calorific value waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The part where the air inlet pipe (410) communicates with the ignition ring gap (460) includes a first-side air outlet channel (411) and a second-side air outlet channel (412); the first-side air outlet channel (411) and the second-side air outlet channel (412) are rotationally symmetric with respect to the vertical center line of the pyrolysis gas transition cavity (420), so that after the air flow in the air inlet pipe (410) enters the ignition ring gap (60)4, it can rotate around the vertical center line of the pyrolysis gas transition cavity (420).

6. A medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, A regenerator (16) is provided on the flue gas outlet pipe (7) and is connected to the inlet of the flue gas side of the regenerator (16); the outlet of the flue gas side of the regenerator (16) is connected to a flue gas downcomer (15); The air side inlet of the regenerator (16) is connected to a blower (18), and the air side outlet is divided into two paths, namely the second combustion chamber air supply pipe (161) and the combustion chamber air supply pipe (162); among them, the second combustion chamber air supply pipe (161) communicates with the air inlet pipe (410) of the secondary burner (4), and the combustion chamber air supply pipe (162) communicates with the combustion air supply system (6).

7. A medium and small-sized incineration treatment system for floating garbage according to claims 1-5, characterized in that, For the flue gas outlet pipe (7), a pyrolysis regenerator (19) and a combustion regenerator are successively connected in series along the flow direction, that is, the flue gas side outlet of the pyrolysis regenerator (19) is communicated with the flue gas side inlet of the combustion regenerator (20); for the pyrolysis regenerator (19), the air side inlet is connected to a second combustion blower (181), and the air side outlet is connected to the second combustion chamber air supply pipe (161); for the combustion regenerator (20), the air side inlet is connected to a combustion blower (182), and the air side outlet is connected to the combustion chamber air supply pipe (162).

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