Seepage test device and method suitable for different seepage media in cave temples

Abstract

The present invention discloses a seepage test device suitable for different seepage media in grotto temples, comprising a water supply tank, a seepage test box, and a water collecting device. The seepage test box is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The water supply tank is connected to the fluid inlet of the seepage test box, and the water collecting device is connected to the fluid outlet of the seepage test box. The present invention also discloses a seepage test method suitable for different seepage media in grotto temples, wherein fluid is injected into the water supply tank, and the seepage test box and the water collecting device are observed and data is recorded. The method is simple and easy to operate, low in cost, and highly practical. Seepage tests can be carried out on different seepage media and samples of different sizes under different seepage directions and different water heads. The method has a wide range of applications and can test the permeability coefficients of different media, observe the test phenomena at the water outlet, and study the physical scouring and chemical dissolution characteristics of weak media under long-term seepage. The method can be used in the field of water seepage disease prevention and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of civil engineering, and in particular relates to a seepage test device applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples, and also relates to a seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples. Background Art

[0002] Water seepage damage causes cultural relics to cycle between wet and dry throughout the year, accelerating their weathering process and the accumulation of soluble salts. It is one of the most significant causes of weathering in stone cultural relics. Depending on the amount of water seeping through the rock wall and the cause of the damage, water seepage damage can be divided into seven types: flowing water, dripping water, hanging water, seepage water, wetting water, damp / moisture-like conditions, and areas with abnormally high water content. Groundwater seepage, in various forms (bound water, capillary water, gravity water) and in various ways (wetting and softening, mechanical erosion, chemical dissolution), slowly and periodically affects the rock wall. Combined with other weathering forces, this ultimately causes the statues to become gradually defaced, deformed, blurred, and even destroyed.

[0003] The interconnected network formed by various types of discontinuous structural surfaces in the grotto rock mass is an important path and major contributor to the occurrence of seepage diseases. These discontinuous structural surfaces include layers, bedding, faults, cracks, weak interlayers along the layers, etc., collectively referred to as seepage media. The permeability characteristics of various types of seepage media are the key to studying the formation mechanism and seepage path of seepage diseases in grotto temples, and the permeability coefficient is a key indicator for measuring the permeability characteristics of seepage media. At present, the indoor seepage test devices used to determine the permeability coefficient are divided into rigid wall permeameters and flexible wall permeameters. When the infiltration pressure is large, it is difficult for the rigid wall permeameter to avoid the occurrence of preferential flow between the rock and soil sample and the instrument wall. Although the occurrence of preferential flow can be avoided by loading a certain confining pressure, the combined effect of the confining pressure and the infiltration water pressure will cause the crack opening of the cracked specimen to change during the test. The flexible wall permeameter can effectively avoid the occurrence of preferential flow, but it has high requirements for the production of test samples. For indoor seepage tests on different seepage media, the existing indoor seepage test devices have certain limitations:

[0004] To address seepage in fractured media, existing techniques prepare fractured specimens through splitting tests, artificial cutting, and 3D printing. However, the rock fractures obtained through splitting tests are too smooth, those obtained through artificial cutting are too ideal, and 3D printing uses rock-similar materials. The rock fractures obtained through these methods differ significantly from the original fractures and are insufficient to fully reflect the rough structure of the fracture walls. When studying the effect of fracture occurrence on permeability, fracture specimens with varying inclination angles must be prepared, making it impossible to conduct tests with varying seepage directions. For rough fractures, seepage often occurs as channel flow or localized flow, making it difficult to observe this flow with existing seepage testing equipment.

[0005] Regarding the seepage problem of layers (also known as interlayer cracks) and weak interlayers along the layers, the seepage direction is horizontal. Currently known seepage test devices usually place rock and soil samples vertically in a permeability chamber, so that the seepage can be carried out perpendicular to the sample from top to bottom or from bottom to top, which is somewhat different from the actual situation. There is a horizontal seepage simulation device for rock and soil media with an adjustable sample pool size in the prior art, but the rock and soil samples are fixed horizontally on the base by a sample clamp, which will change the opening of the interlayer cracks and the integrity of the weak interlayers along the layers. In addition, for cave temples, the purpose of the indoor seepage test of weak media is not only to determine its permeability coefficient, but also to study the effects of physical scouring and chemical dissolution on the permeability coefficient under long-term seepage, which is time-consuming.

[0006] Regarding the seepage problem of rock blocks with well-developed bedding, the permeability coefficient is usually low, about 10 -7 ~10 -10 In actual testing, to reduce test duration, the infiltration water pressure was as high as 1 MPa, equivalent to a 100-meter head. Excessive infiltration water pressure can cause cracks to expand in well-stratified rock blocks. Crucially, for grotto temples, the infiltration water pressure typically does not exceed 10 m. Seepage damage caused by seepage in well-stratified rock blocks is typically damp / wet. Indoor seepage tests of rock media focus on observing changes in the dry / wet state of the rock surface under the actual head conditions of grotto temples, which is time-consuming. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a seepage test device applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples, and a seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A seepage test device suitable for different seepage media in grotto temples includes a water supply tank and a seepage test box. A sample is set in the seepage test box. The sample has a three-layer structure, the middle layer of the sample is a seepage medium layer, a pair of opposite end surfaces of the sample serve as an infiltration surface and an outfiltration surface, the infiltration surface is connected to an infiltration trough, and the outfiltration surface is connected to a water collection trough. A fluid inlet is set at the upper part of the infiltration trough, and a fluid outlet is set at the lower part of the water collection trough.

[0010] The water supply tank is arranged on the bracket, and the fluid in the water supply tank flows from the fluid inlet end into the infiltration tank, and the seepage water of the sample flows into the water storage container through the fluid outlet end of the water collection tank. The liquid level of the fluid in the water supply tank is higher than the fluid inlet end, and the fluid outlet end is higher than the water storage container.

[0011] The water storage container is placed on the electronic scale;

[0012] When conducting a horizontal seepage test, the infiltration tank, the sample and the water collection tank are arranged in sequence along a horizontal straight line;

[0013] When conducting a vertical seepage test, the infiltration tank, the sample and the water collection tank are arranged in sequence according to the direction of gravity.

[0014] As mentioned above, the seepage medium layer is a layer, bedding, crack or weak interlayer along the layer.

[0015] A seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples, using the above-mentioned seepage test device applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples, comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Select a rock block containing seepage medium and process it into a sample with a smooth surface;

[0017] Step 2: Place the sample, the first box body, and the second box body at the bottom of the casting mold. The first box body, the sample, and the second box body are arranged horizontally in the casting mold, with the first box body located next to the infiltration surface of the sample and the second box body located next to the outfiltration surface of the sample.

[0018] Step 3: Pour liquid silicone into the casting mold for casting;

[0019] Step 4: The liquid silicone is solidified to form a seepage test box. The seepage test box is removed from the casting mold. The first box body and the second box body are removed from the seepage test box. The hollow areas formed on both sides of the sample serve as the infiltration trough and the water collection trough, respectively. The solidified silicone between the infiltration surface and the infiltration trough and the solidified silicone between the seepage surface and the water collection trough are removed.

[0020] Step 5: Set a fluid inlet at the top of the infiltration tank and a fluid outlet at the bottom of the water collection tank; connect the water supply tank to the fluid inlet, and connect the fluid outlet to the water storage container;

[0021] Step 6: Inject fluid into the water supply tank and record the test phenomena and test data at the same time.

[0022] As described above, the test phenomena in step 6 include the location of the water outlet point, the dry and wet state of the seepage surface, and the water outlet phenomenon.

[0023] The test data in step 6 as described above include: test environment temperature and humidity, fluid temperature, fluid density, fluid viscosity, fluid pH, seepage test head, fluid injection time at the fluid inlet end, water start time at the water outlet point on the seepage surface, seepage surface color difference, the mass of the fluid in the water storage container, and the corresponding fluid collection time of the water storage container.

[0024] When conducting horizontal seepage tests,

[0025] In step 3, as described above, the height of the liquid silicone in the casting mold is lower than the height of the first box body and the height of the second box body;

[0026] In step 4, after removing the first box body and the second box body, the infiltration tank and the water collection tank obtained both have openings;

[0027] In step 5, the seepage test box is placed so that the infiltration tank, the sample, and the water collection tank are arranged in a horizontal straight line, with the opening of the infiltration tank facing upward; the fluid inlet end is the opening at the top of the infiltration tank, and the fluid outlet end is the opening provided at the bottom of the water collection tank;

[0028] When conducting vertical seepage tests,

[0029] In step 3, the height of the liquid silicone in the casting mold is higher than the height of the first box body and the height of the second box body;

[0030] In step 4, removing the first box body and the second box body specifically includes the following steps: cutting the seepage test box corresponding to the positions of the first box body and the second box body, thereby removing the end surface of each of the first box body and the second box body away from the sample; then removing the remaining portion of the first box body and the remaining portion of the second box body from the cut opening;

[0031] In step 5, the seepage test box is placed so that the infiltration tank, the sample and the water collection tank are arranged in sequence according to the direction of gravity; the fluid inlet end is the cut opening at the upper part of the infiltration tank, and the fluid outlet end is the cut opening at the lower part of the water collection tank.

[0032] As mentioned above, the water supply tank is connected to the infiltration tank through an inlet pipe, and a water outlet valve is provided on the inlet pipe;

[0033] When conducting a horizontal seepage test, the fluid outlet end of the water collection tank is connected to the water storage container through the outlet pipe;

[0034] When conducting a vertical seepage test, the fluid outlet end of the water collection trough is located above the water storage container, and the diameter of the water storage container is greater than or equal to the diameter of the fluid outlet end; or the fluid outlet end is connected to the water storage container through a bucket-shaped water receiving device, the diameter of the upper opening of the bucket-shaped water receiving device is greater than or equal to the diameter of the fluid outlet end, and the diameter of the lower opening of the bucket-shaped water receiving device is less than or equal to the diameter of the water storage container.

[0035] In step 1, both the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample are covered with an isolation layer as described above;

[0036] Step 4 also includes the following steps: removing the isolation layer on the infiltration surface and the isolation layer on the seepage surface.

[0037] As mentioned above, the first box body and the second box body both include a plurality of thin plates, and the thin plates are fixed by adhesive tape;

[0038] When conducting a horizontal seepage test, removing the first box body and the second box body in step 4; and when conducting a vertical seepage test, removing the remaining portion of the first box body and the remaining portion of the second box body, both include the following steps:

[0039] Cut the tape between the sheets; remove the sheets.

[0040] As mentioned above, the liquid silicone is an AB addition type liquid silicone, and the hardness of the liquid silicone is 1 to 30 degrees.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) The present invention uses liquid silica gel to cast the seepage test box according to the sample size, which greatly reduces the production requirements of the test sample;

[0043] (2) This method is simple in structure, economical and practical. It can effectively simulate the seepage conditions of different seepage media and specimens of different sizes under different seepage directions and different water heads, thereby analyzing the seepage characteristics of different seepage media and evaluating the influence of different seepage media on the seepage diseases of grotto temples. It can meet the diverse needs of indoor seepage tests in grotto temples.

[0044] (3) The present invention can be used to conduct indoor seepage tests on rock blocks with developed bedding, study the changes in color difference values ​​of rock blocks under different water heads, and evaluate the moisture / wetness damage of rock blocks with developed bedding;

[0045] (4) The present invention can be used to carry out physical and chemical experiments on water erosion of weak interlayers along the layers, analyze the effects of physical erosion and chemical dissolution on the permeability coefficient of weak media under long-term seepage, and then predict the migration trend of seepage paths in grotto temples, which has great practical application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 The present invention is a structural schematic diagram of a seepage test device suitable for different seepage media in cave temples when conducting a horizontal seepage test.

[0047] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of the seepage test device of the present invention, which is applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples, when conducting a vertical seepage test.

[0048] Among them, 1-water supply tank, 2-bracket, 3-water inlet pipe, 4-sample, 401-seepage medium layer, 5-infiltration tank, 6-water collection tank, 7-water storage container, 8-electronic scale, 9-water outlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, a seepage test device suitable for different seepage media in grotto temples is used for conducting horizontal seepage tests. It includes a water supply tank 1, a seepage test chamber, and a water collection device. The water supply tank 1 is mounted on a support 2. Adjusting the height of the support 2 adjusts the liquid level in the tank, thereby adjusting the infiltration water pressure. The seepage test chamber is provided with a sample 4, an infiltration trough 5, and a water collection trough 6. The sample 4 is a three-layered rock block. The middle layer of the sample 4 is a seepage medium layer 401. A pair of opposing end surfaces of the sample 4 serve as the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface, respectively. The seepage medium layer 401 extends to the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample 4. The infiltration surface is connected to the infiltration trough 5, and the outfiltration surface is connected to the water collection trough 6. A fluid inlet is provided at the top of the infiltration trough 5, and a fluid outlet is provided at the bottom of the water collection trough 6. The water collection device includes a water storage container 7, which is placed on an electronic scale 8. The fluid in the water supply tank 1 flows from the fluid inlet end into the infiltration tank 5 and permeates into the sample 4. The seepage water of the sample 4 flows into the water storage container 7 through the fluid outlet end of the water collection tank 6. The liquid level of the fluid in the water supply tank 1 is higher than the fluid inlet end, and the fluid outlet end is higher than the water storage container 7.

[0052] The seepage medium layer 401 is a layer, bedding, crack, or weak interlayer along the bedding.

[0053] When conducting a horizontal seepage test, the seepage test box is placed in a direction such that the infiltration tank 5, the sample 4 and the water collection tank 6 are arranged in sequence along a horizontal straight line.

[0054] In this embodiment, the water supply tank 1 is connected to the infiltration tank 5 through the water inlet pipe 3, and a valve is provided on the water inlet pipe 3; the fluid outlet end of the water collection tank 6 is connected to the water storage container 7 through the outlet pipe 9, and the fluid in the water supply tank 1 flows into the infiltration tank 5 via the water inlet pipe 3, and then the seepage water of the sample 4 flows into the water storage container 7 through the water collection tank 6 and the outlet pipe 9 in sequence.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] like Figure 2As shown, a seepage test device suitable for different seepage media in grotto temples is used for conducting vertical seepage tests. It includes a water supply tank 1, a seepage test chamber, and a water collection device. The water supply tank 1 is mounted on a support 2. Adjusting the height of the support 2 adjusts the liquid level in the tank, thereby adjusting the infiltration water pressure. The seepage test chamber is provided with a sample 4, an infiltration trough 5, and a water collection trough 6. The sample 4 is a three-layered rock block. The middle layer of the sample 4 is a seepage medium layer 401. A pair of opposing end surfaces of the sample 4 serve as the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface, respectively. The seepage medium layer 401 extends to the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample 4. The infiltration surface is connected to the infiltration trough 5, and the outfiltration surface is connected to the water collection trough 6. A fluid inlet is provided at the top of the infiltration trough 5, and a fluid outlet is provided at the bottom of the water collection trough 6. The water collection device includes a water storage container 7, which is placed on an electronic scale 8. The fluid in the water supply tank 1 flows from the fluid inlet end into the infiltration tank 5 and permeates into the sample 4. The seepage water of the sample 4 flows into the water storage container 7 through the fluid outlet end of the water collection tank 6. The liquid level of the fluid in the water supply tank 1 is higher than the fluid inlet end, and the fluid outlet end is higher than the water storage container 7.

[0057] The seepage medium layer 401 is a layer, bedding, crack, or weak interlayer along the bedding.

[0058] When conducting a vertical seepage test, the seepage test box is placed in such a direction that the infiltration tank 5, the sample 4 and the water collection tank 6 are arranged in sequence according to the direction of gravity (ie, from top to bottom).

[0059] In this embodiment, the water supply tank 1 is connected to the infiltration tank 5 through the water inlet pipe 3, and a valve is provided on the water inlet pipe 3; the fluid outlet end of the water collection tank 6 is located above the water storage container 7, wherein the diameter of the water storage container 7 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the fluid outlet end; or the fluid outlet end is connected to the water storage container 7 through a bucket-shaped water receiving device, the diameter of the upper opening of the bucket-shaped water receiving device is greater than or equal to the diameter of the fluid outlet end, and the diameter of the lower opening of the bucket-shaped water receiving device is less than or equal to the diameter of the water storage container 7.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples is used. The seepage test device applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples described in Example 1 is used to conduct a horizontal seepage test. The specific test process is as follows:

[0062] Step 1: Select a rock block containing seepage medium in the middle and process it into a sample 4 with a smooth surface.

[0063] Step 2: Place the sample 4, the first box body and the second box body directly on the bottom of the casting mold. The first box body, the sample 4 and the second box body are arranged horizontally in the casting mold, and the first box body is located next to the infiltration surface of the sample 4, and the second box body is located next to the seepage surface of the sample 4.

[0064] Step 3: Pour liquid silicone into the casting mold for one-step casting;

[0065] To facilitate the subsequent removal of the first and second box bodies, and after the first and second box bodies are removed, an opening is left above the corresponding areas of the first and second box bodies. The height of the liquid silicone in the casting mold is lower than the height of the first and second box bodies. Therefore, when the liquid silicone solidifies, the upper surface of the first and second box bodies are both located outside the solidified silicone.

[0066] Due to the fluidity of the liquid silicone, the liquid silicone will flow into the gap between the bottom surfaces of the two box bodies (including the first box body and the second box body) and the bottom surface of the casting mold.

[0067] Step 4: The liquid silicone is solidified to form a seepage test box. After the liquid silicone is solidified, the seepage test box is removed from the casting mold, and the first box body and the second box body are removed from the seepage test box where the first box body and the second box body are exposed, thereby forming a hollow area on both sides of the sample 4 as an infiltration trough 5 and a water collection trough 6, and both the infiltration trough 5 and the water collection trough 6 have openings; if there is solidified silicone between the infiltration surface and the infiltration trough 5 and between the infiltration surface and the water collection trough 6 of the sample 4, remove the solidified silicone between the infiltration surface and the infiltration trough 5 and the solidified silicone between the infiltration surface and the water collection trough 6, so that the infiltration surface is connected to the infiltration trough 5, and the infiltration surface is connected to the water collection trough 6.

[0068] To facilitate removal of the first and second boxes in step 4, each of the first and second boxes comprises multiple thin plates secured together with adhesive tape. In this embodiment, the first and second boxes are each assembled from six thin plates, and the adhesive tape is transparent tape. The thin plates may be made of polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic), for example, and have a thickness of 1 to 10 mm, preferably 3 to 7 mm. Correspondingly, removal of the first and second boxes in step 4 includes the following steps: first, cutting the adhesive tape between the thin plates (e.g., using a knife to cut the tape between the thin plates), and then removing the thin plates.

[0069] Step 5: Set a fluid inlet at the top of the infiltration tank 5 and a fluid outlet at the bottom of the water collection tank 6; connect the water supply tank 1 to the fluid inlet, and connect the fluid outlet to the water storage container 7;

[0070] Place the seepage test box so that the infiltration tank 5, the sample 4, and the water collection tank 6 are arranged in sequence in a horizontal straight line. Since the height of the liquid silicone in the casting mold in step 3 is lower than the height of the box body, after removing the box body, openings are left at the infiltration tank 5 and the water collection tank 6. The opening of the infiltration tank 5 is facing upward and directly serves as the fluid inlet. An opening is set below the water collection tank 6 as the fluid outlet.

[0071] The water supply tank 1 is connected to the fluid inlet end through the water inlet pipe 3, and a water outlet valve is provided on the water inlet pipe 3; the fluid outlet end is connected to the water storage container 7 through the water outlet pipe 9.

[0072] Step 6: Conduct a seepage test, inject fluid into the water supply tank 1, and record the test phenomena and test data at the same time; the test phenomena include the location of the water outlet point, the dry and wet state of the seepage surface, the water outlet phenomenon, etc.; the test data include: the test environment temperature and humidity, the fluid temperature, the fluid density, the fluid viscosity, the fluid pH, the seepage test head, the time of fluid injection at the fluid inlet end, the time when the water outlet point on the seepage surface starts to discharge water, the color difference of the seepage surface (the color difference of the seepage surface is obtained by an external colorimeter test), the mass of the fluid in the water storage container 7, and the corresponding water storage container collection time, etc.

[0073] Using the above method, the present invention can implement indoor seepage tests on rock blocks with developed bedding, study the changes in color difference values ​​of rock blocks under different water heads, and evaluate the moisture / wetness damage of rock blocks with developed bedding; it can also implement physical and chemical water erosion tests on weak interlayers along the bedding, analyze the effects of physical scouring and chemical dissolution on the permeability coefficient of weak interlayers along the bedding under long-term seepage, and then predict the migration trend of seepage paths in grotto temples.

[0074] Furthermore, to prevent the liquid silicone from clogging the pores or cracks of the sample 4 during pouring in step 3, the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample 4 are covered with an isolation layer in step 1. Correspondingly, in step 4, after removing the first box body and the second box body, the following step is also included: removing the isolation layer on the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample 4. In this embodiment, the isolation layer includes a baffle sheet and a wrapping layer. The infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample 4 are respectively covered with the baffle sheet. The wrapping layer is wrapped around the outside of the baffle sheet and the surface of the sample 4 not covered with the baffle sheet, wherein the baffle sheet is made of white paper and the wrapping layer is made of tape. In step 2, the first box body is placed next to the infiltration surface of the sample 4 covered with the isolation layer, and the second box body is placed next to the outfiltration surface. In step 4, the wrapping layer and the baffle sheet are removed in sequence with a cutter.

[0075] Furthermore, the liquid silicone is AB addition type liquid silicone, the hardness of the liquid silicone is 1 to 30 degrees, preferably the hardness of the liquid silicone is 10 to 20 degrees. In this embodiment, the AB addition type liquid silicone with a hardness of 10 is used to cast the seepage test box.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, a seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples is used. The seepage test device applicable to different seepage media of grotto temples described in Example 2 is used to conduct a vertical seepage test. The specific test process is as follows:

[0078] Step 1: Select a rock block containing seepage medium in the middle and process it into a sample 4 with a smooth surface.

[0079] Step 2: Place the sample 4, the first box body and the second box body directly on the bottom of the casting mold. The first box body, sample 4 and the second box body are arranged in sequence in the horizontal direction in the casting mold, and the first box body is located next to the infiltration surface of the sample 4, and the second box body is located next to the seepage surface of the sample 4.

[0080] Step 3: Pour liquid silicone into the casting mold for one-step casting;

[0081] Among them, the height of the liquid silicone in the casting mold is higher than the height of the first box body and the height of the second box body; due to the fluidity of the liquid silicone, the liquid silicone will flow into the gap between the bottom surfaces of the two box bodies (including the first box body and the second box body) and the bottom surface of the casting mold.

[0082] Step 4: The liquid silicone is solidified to form a seepage test box. After the liquid silicone is solidified, the seepage test box is removed from the casting mold, and the first box body and the second box body are removed from the seepage test box, thereby forming two hollow areas on both sides of the sample 4 as the infiltration trough 5 and the water collection trough 6 respectively; if there is solidified silicone between the infiltration surface and the infiltration trough 5 and between the infiltration surface and the water collection trough 6 of the sample 4, remove the solidified silicone between the infiltration surface and the infiltration trough 5 and the solidified silicone between the infiltration surface and the water collection trough 6.

[0083] Since the first box body and the second box body are both wrapped in solidified silicone and cannot be directly removed, the first box body and the second box body are removed from the seepage test box, which includes the following steps: corresponding to the positions of the first box body and the second box body, cutting the seepage test box to remove the end surfaces of the first box body and the second box body away from the sample 4; then, removing the remaining parts of the first box body and the second box body from the two cut openings;

[0084] To facilitate the corresponding removal of the remaining parts of the first box body and the remaining parts of the second box body from the two cutting openings in step 4, the first box body and the second box body both include multiple thin plates. In this embodiment, the first box body and the second box body are both assembled with six thin plates, which are fixed with tape (transparent tape is used in this embodiment). The thin plate material can be polypropylene (PP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic), etc. The thickness of the thin plate is 1 to 10 mm, preferably 3 to 7 mm; correspondingly, in step 4, removing the remaining parts of the first box body and the second box body includes the following steps: first cutting the tape between the thin plates (such as cutting the tape between the thin plates with a tool), and then removing the thin plates.

[0085] Step 5: Set a fluid inlet at the top of the infiltration tank 5 and a fluid outlet at the bottom of the water collection tank 6; connect the water supply tank 1 to the fluid inlet, and connect the fluid outlet to the water storage container 7;

[0086] The seepage test box is placed in such a direction that the infiltration tank 5, the sample 4, and the water collection tank 6 are arranged in sequence according to the direction of gravity. In this embodiment, the cut opening corresponding to the infiltration tank 5 is directly used as the fluid inlet end; the cut opening corresponding to the water collection tank 6 is directly used as the fluid outlet end.

[0087] The water supply tank 1 is connected to the fluid inlet end through the water inlet pipe 3, and a water storage container 7 is placed below the fluid outlet end; wherein, the diameter of the water storage container 7 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the fluid outlet end; or the fluid outlet end is connected to the water storage container 7 through a bucket-shaped water receiving device, the diameter of the upper opening of the bucket-shaped water receiving device is greater than or equal to the diameter of the fluid outlet end, and the diameter of the lower opening of the bucket-shaped water receiving device is less than or equal to the diameter of the water storage container 7.

[0088] Step 6: Conduct a seepage test, inject fluid into the water supply tank 1, and record the test phenomena and test data at the same time; the test phenomena include the location of the water outlet point, the dry and wet state of the seepage surface, the water outlet phenomenon, etc.; the test data include: the test environment temperature and humidity, the fluid temperature, the fluid density, the fluid viscosity, the fluid pH, the seepage test head, the time of fluid injection at the fluid inlet end, the time when the water outlet point on the seepage surface starts to discharge water, the color difference of the seepage surface (the color difference of the seepage surface is obtained by an external colorimeter test), the mass of the fluid in the water storage container 7, and the corresponding water storage container collection time, etc.

[0089] Using the above method, the present invention can implement indoor seepage tests on rock blocks with developed bedding, study the changes in color difference values ​​of rock blocks under different water heads, and evaluate the moisture / wetness damage of rock blocks with developed bedding; it can also implement physical and chemical water erosion tests on weak interlayers along the bedding, analyze the effects of physical scouring and chemical dissolution on the permeability coefficient of weak interlayers along the bedding under long-term seepage, and then predict the migration trend of seepage paths in grotto temples.

[0090] Furthermore, to prevent the liquid silicone from clogging the pores or cracks of the sample 4 during pouring in step 3, the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample 4 described in step 1 are both covered with an isolation layer. Correspondingly, in step 4, after removing the first box body and the second box body, the following step is also included: removing the isolation layer on the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample 4. In this embodiment, the isolation layer includes a baffle sheet and a wrapping layer. The infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample 4 are respectively covered with the baffle sheet. The wrapping layer is wrapped around the outside of the baffle sheet and the surface of the sample 4 not covered with the baffle sheet, wherein the baffle sheet is made of white paper and the wrapping layer is made of tape. In step 2, the first box body is placed next to the infiltration surface of the sample 4 covered with the isolation layer, and the second box body is placed next to the outfiltration surface. In step 4, the wrapping layer and the baffle sheet are removed in sequence with a cutter.

[0091] Furthermore, the liquid silicone is AB addition type liquid silicone, the hardness of the liquid silicone is 1 to 30 degrees, preferably the hardness of the liquid silicone is 10 to 20 degrees. In this embodiment, the AB addition type liquid silicone with a hardness of 10 is used to cast the seepage test box.

[0092] The above content is a further explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of a grotto temple, using a seepage test device applicable to different seepage media of a grotto temple, the device comprising a water supply tank (1) and a seepage test box, wherein a sample (4) is provided in the seepage test box, the sample (4) being a rock block with a three-layer structure, the middle layer of the sample (4) being a seepage medium layer (401), a pair of opposite end faces of the sample (4) serving as an infiltration surface and an infiltration surface, the infiltration surface being connected to an infiltration trough (5), the infiltration surface being connected to a water collection trough (6), a fluid inlet being provided at the upper portion of the infiltration trough (5), and a fluid outlet being provided at the lower portion of the water collection trough (6); The water supply tank (1) is arranged on the bracket (2), the fluid in the water supply tank (1) flows from the fluid inlet end into the infiltration tank (5), the seepage water of the sample (4) flows into the water storage container (7) through the fluid outlet end of the water collection tank (6), the liquid level of the fluid in the water supply tank (1) is higher than the fluid inlet end, and the fluid outlet end is higher than the water storage container (7); The water storage container (7) is placed on the electronic scale (8); When conducting a horizontal seepage test, the infiltration tank (5), the sample (4) and the water collection tank (6) are arranged in sequence along a horizontal straight line; When conducting a vertical seepage test, the infiltration tank (5), the sample (4) and the water collection tank (6) are arranged in sequence according to the direction of gravity. It is characterized in that The above method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select a rock block containing seepage medium and process it into a sample with a smooth surface (4); Step 2: Place the sample (4), the first box body, and the second box body at the bottom of the casting mold, wherein the first box body, the sample (4), and the second box body are arranged horizontally in the casting mold, and the first box body is located next to the infiltration surface of the sample (4), and the second box body is located next to the outfiltration surface of the sample (4); Step 3: Pour liquid silicone into the casting mold for casting; Step 4: The liquid silicone is solidified to form a seepage test box, and the seepage test box is removed from the casting mold. The first box body and the second box body are removed from the seepage test box, and the hollow areas formed on both sides of the sample (4) serve as the infiltration trough (5) and the water collection trough (6), respectively; the solidified silicone between the infiltration surface and the infiltration trough (5) and the solidified silicone between the seepage surface and the water collection trough (6) are removed; Step 5: a fluid inlet is provided at the upper portion of the infiltration tank (5), and a fluid outlet is provided at the lower portion of the water collection tank (6); a water supply tank (1) is connected to the fluid inlet, and the fluid outlet is connected to the water storage container (7); Step 6: Inject fluid into the water supply tank (1) and record the test phenomena and test data.

2. The seepage test method according to claim 1, which is applicable to different seepage media of cave temples, is characterized in that: The test phenomena in step 6 include the location of the water outlet point, the dry and wet states of the seepage surface, and the water outlet phenomenon.

3. The seepage test method according to claim 1, which is applicable to different seepage media of cave temples, is characterized in that: The test data in step 6 include: test environment temperature and humidity, fluid temperature, fluid density, fluid viscosity, fluid pH, seepage test head, fluid injection time at the fluid inlet, water outflow start time at the water outlet point on the seepage surface, seepage surface color difference, fluid mass in the water storage container (7) and corresponding fluid collection time of the water storage container.

4. The seepage test method according to claim 1, which is applicable to different seepage media of cave temples, is characterized in that: When conducting horizontal seepage tests, In step 3, the height of the liquid silicone in the casting mold is lower than the height of the first box body and the height of the second box body; In step 4, after taking out the first box body and the second box body, the infiltration tank (5) and the water collection tank (6) obtained both have openings; In step 5, the seepage test box is placed so that the infiltration tank (5), the sample (4) and the water collection tank (6) are arranged in sequence in a horizontal straight line direction, and the opening of the infiltration tank (5) faces upward; the fluid inlet end is the opening at the upper part of the infiltration tank (5), and the fluid outlet end is the opening provided at the lower part of the water collection tank (6); When conducting vertical seepage tests, In step 3, the height of the liquid silicone in the casting mold is higher than the height of the first box body and the height of the second box body; In step 4, taking out the first box body and the second box body specifically includes the following steps: corresponding to the positions of the first box body and the second box body, cutting the seepage test box, thereby removing the end surface of each of the first box body and the second box body away from the sample (4); then taking out the remaining part of the first box body and the remaining part of the second box body from the cut opening; In step 5, the seepage test box is placed so that the infiltration tank (5), the sample (4) and the water collection tank (6) are arranged in sequence according to the direction of gravity; the fluid inlet end is the cut opening at the upper part of the infiltration tank (5), and the fluid outlet end is the cut opening at the lower part of the water collection tank (6).

5. The seepage test method according to claim 4, which is applicable to different seepage media of cave temples, is characterized in that: The water supply tank (1) is connected to the infiltration tank (5) via a water inlet pipe (3), and a valve is provided on the water inlet pipe (3); When conducting a horizontal seepage test, the fluid outlet end of the water collection tank (6) is connected to the water storage container (7) through the outlet pipe (9); When conducting a vertical seepage test, the fluid outlet end of the water collecting trough (6) is located above the water storage container (7), and the diameter of the water storage container (7) is greater than or equal to the diameter of the fluid outlet end; or the fluid outlet end is connected to the water storage container (7) through a bucket-shaped water receiving device, and the diameter of the upper opening of the bucket-shaped water receiving device is greater than or equal to the diameter of the fluid outlet end, and the diameter of the lower opening of the bucket-shaped water receiving device is less than or equal to the diameter of the water storage container (7).

6. The seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of cave temples according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, both the infiltration surface and the outfiltration surface of the sample (4) are covered with an isolation layer; Step 4 also includes the following steps: removing the isolation layer on the infiltration surface and the isolation layer on the seepage surface.

7. The seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of cave temples according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first box body and the second box body each include a plurality of thin plates, and the thin plates are fixed by adhesive tape; When performing a horizontal seepage test, removing the first box body and the second box body in step 4, and when performing a vertical seepage test, removing the remaining portion of the first box body and the remaining portion of the second box body, both include the following steps: Cut the tape between the sheets and remove the sheets.

8. The seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of cave temples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid silicone is AB addition type liquid silicone, and the hardness of the liquid silicone is 1 to 30 degrees.

9. The seepage test method applicable to different seepage media of cave temples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seepage medium layer (401) is a layer, a bedding, a crack, or a weak interlayer along the bedding.

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