A mining area soil and water quality monitoring system based on UAV hyperspectral imaging technology

Abstract

The present invention provides a mining area soil and water quality monitoring system based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral imaging technology, which relates to the field of electrical digital data processing and includes a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a data display module. The data acquisition module is used to collect mining area soil and water data, the data transmission module is used to transmit the collected data and control data, the data processing module is used to analyze the collected data, and the data display module is used to display the analysis results in the form of graphics and text; the system obtains spectral data through a drone, and performs partition matching analysis on the spectral data to obtain the soil and water quality of the mining area, and can efficiently and clearly display the soil and water quality information of the mining area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronic digital data processing, and in particular to a mining area water and soil quality monitoring system based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral imaging technology. Background Art

[0002] Mining development activities include open-pit mining and underground mining. The water and soil quality of the mining area will affect the mining operations. It is necessary to monitor the water and soil quality of the mining area to better formulate mining strategies. However, the mining area is wide, and ordinary water and soil quality monitoring requires manpower and time. Therefore, a system is needed to efficiently monitor the water and soil quality and analyze it to obtain clear monitoring results.

[0003] The foregoing discussion of the background art is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. This discussion does not acknowledge or admit that any of the material referred to is part of the common general knowledge.

[0004] Now many mining area monitoring systems have been developed. After a lot of searching and reference, it is found that the existing mining area monitoring systems are such as the system disclosed in the publication number CN116258406A. These system methods generally include: collecting, collating and analyzing the natural geography and regional background data of the mining area, special geological survey data, remote sensing and drone images, ecological restoration engineering survey and design, construction, supervision data, completion acceptance data, etc., combined with the investigation, sampling and monitoring of site stability and ecological elements such as soil, surface water, groundwater, frozen soil, landscape, grassland, wetland, etc., to carry out the current ecological environment status of the mining area and the evaluation of the effectiveness of ecological restoration in the mining area. However, this system collects data through images and can only analyze the surface status. Underground data still needs to be collected manually, which is inefficient. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a mining area water and soil quality monitoring system based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral imaging technology to address the existing deficiencies.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A mining area water and soil quality monitoring system based on UAV hyperspectral imaging technology, including a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a data display module;

[0008] The data acquisition module is used to collect water and soil data of the mining area, the data transmission module is used to transmit the collected data and control data, the data processing module is used to analyze the collected data, and the data display module is used to display the analysis results in the form of graphics and text;

[0009] The data acquisition module includes a flying carrier unit, a hyperspectral imaging unit and a positioning unit. The flying carrier unit is used to carry the hyperspectral imaging unit to fly over the mining area. The hyperspectral imaging unit is used to obtain hyperspectral image information of water and soil in the mining area. The positioning unit is used to determine the position information of the flying carrier unit.

[0010] The data transmission module includes a wireless transmission unit and a data cache unit, wherein the wireless transmission unit is used to establish a transmission channel between the data acquisition module and the data processing module and transmit data, and the data cache unit is used to temporarily store hyperspectral data;

[0011] The data processing module includes a spectral analysis unit, a spatial analysis unit and a data storage unit. The spectral analysis unit analyzes and processes the water and soil quality based on the hyperspectral data. The spatial analysis unit is used to analyze and process the distribution information of the water and soil quality. The data storage unit is used to store the hyperspectral data and the analysis results.

[0012] The data display module includes a basic map generation unit, an analysis overlay unit and an annotation link unit; the basic map generation unit is used to generate a basic geographic three-dimensional image of the mining area, the analysis overlay unit is used to overlay and display the analysis results of water and soil quality on the basic geographic three-dimensional image, and the annotation link unit is used to perform feedback processing on the interaction of the geographic three-dimensional image;

[0013] Furthermore, the hyperspectral imaging unit includes a push-broom imaging spectrometer, a detector array and a space conversion processor. The push-broom imaging spectrometer is used to collect ground light and decompose it into spectra of different wavelengths. The detector array is used to convert optical signals into electrical signals to obtain light intensities of different wavelengths. The space conversion processor converts spectral information on image pixels into spectral information on coordinate points in combination with positioning information.

[0014] Furthermore, the spectral analysis unit includes a spectral database memory, a region division processor and a spectral matching processor, wherein the spectral database memory is used to store spectral parameters of different substances, the region division processor is used to divide the hyperspectral data into multiple regions based on spectral features, and the spectral matching processor is used to match the hyperspectral data of each region to obtain the corresponding water and soil quality;

[0015] Furthermore, the spectrum matching processor obtains the feature vectors and spectrum data of all coordinate points in a classification area, and calculates the concentration value C(j) of the matched j-th substance according to the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] in, represents the target intensity value corresponding to the kth absorption peak of the jth substance, m is the number of absorption peaks of the jth substance, β k represents the kth concentration weight value of the jth substance, and ε is the concentration adjustment value of the jth substance;

[0018] Then calculate the quality assessment value Q according to the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Where M is the number of substances matched in the classification area, C0(j) represents the standard concentration of the j-th substance, and w(j) represents the gradient coefficient of the j-th substance;

[0021] Further, the spatial analysis unit includes an area statistics processor and a spatial impact calculation processor, the area statistics processor is used to count the area value of each classification area, and the spatial impact calculation processor evaluates the influence of the water and soil quality of each classification area on the mining area;

[0022] The spatial impact calculation processor calculates the mining operation impact index P of each classification area according to the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, S is the area of ​​the classification area, and d is the minimum distance between the mining operation point and the classification area.

[0025] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0026] This system collects mining area data through drones and spectral methods, and is highly efficient. When analyzing the collected data, the mining area is divided into zones based on spectral characteristics, and quality analysis is performed on each zone separately. This is more efficient than directly performing spectral analysis on a single point. After obtaining the water and soil quality information of each zone, further analysis is performed on the impact of each zone on mining, which can display the monitoring results more clearly.

[0027] To further understand the features and technical contents of the present invention, please refer to the following detailed description and drawings of the present invention. However, the drawings provided are only for reference and description and are not intended to limit the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structural framework of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data processing module of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the spectrum analysis unit of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial analysis unit of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the covering unit for analysis of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is an explanation of the embodiments of the present invention through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified and changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, the drawings of the present invention are only simple schematic illustrations and are not depicted according to actual sizes. It is stated in advance. The following embodiments will further explain the relevant technical contents of the present invention in detail, but the disclosed contents are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1.

[0035] This embodiment provides a mining area soil and water quality monitoring system based on UAV hyperspectral imaging technology, including a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a data display module;

[0036] The data acquisition module is used to collect water and soil data of the mining area, the data transmission module is used to transmit the collected data and control data, the data processing module is used to analyze the collected data, and the data display module is used to display the analysis results in the form of graphics and text;

[0037] The data acquisition module includes a flying carrier unit, a hyperspectral imaging unit and a positioning unit. The flying carrier unit is used to carry the hyperspectral imaging unit to fly over the mining area. The hyperspectral imaging unit is used to obtain hyperspectral image information of water and soil in the mining area. The positioning unit is used to determine the position information of the flying carrier unit.

[0038] The data transmission module includes a wireless transmission unit and a data cache unit, wherein the wireless transmission unit is used to establish a transmission channel between the data acquisition module and the data processing module and transmit data, and the data cache unit is used to temporarily store hyperspectral data;

[0039] The data processing module includes a spectral analysis unit, a spatial analysis unit and a data storage unit. The spectral analysis unit analyzes and processes the water and soil quality based on the hyperspectral data. The spatial analysis unit is used to analyze and process the distribution information of the water and soil quality. The data storage unit is used to store the hyperspectral data and the analysis results.

[0040] The data display module includes a basic map generation unit, an analysis overlay unit and an annotation link unit; the basic map generation unit is used to generate a basic geographic three-dimensional image of the mining area, the analysis overlay unit is used to overlay and display the analysis results of water and soil quality on the basic geographic three-dimensional image, and the annotation link unit is used to perform feedback processing on the interaction of the geographic three-dimensional image;

[0041] The hyperspectral imaging unit includes a push-broom imaging spectrometer, a detector array and a space conversion processor. The push-broom imaging spectrometer is used to collect ground light and decompose it into spectra of different wavelengths. The detector array is used to convert optical signals into electrical signals to obtain light intensities of different wavelengths. The space conversion processor converts the spectral information on the image pixel points into spectral information on the coordinate points in combination with the positioning information.

[0042] The spectral analysis unit includes a spectral database memory, a region division processor and a spectral matching processor, wherein the spectral database memory is used to store spectral parameters of different substances, the region division processor is used to divide the hyperspectral data into multiple regions based on spectral features, and the spectral matching processor is used to match the hyperspectral data of each region to obtain the corresponding water and soil quality;

[0043] The spectrum matching processor obtains the feature vectors and spectrum data of all coordinate points in a classification area, and calculates the concentration value C(j) of the matched j-th substance according to the following formula:

[0044]

[0045] in, represents the target intensity value corresponding to the kth absorption peak of the jth substance, m is the number of absorption peaks of the jth substance, β k represents the kth concentration weight value of the jth substance, and ε is the concentration adjustment value of the jth substance;

[0046] Then calculate the quality assessment value Q according to the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] Where M is the number of substances matched in the classification area, C0(j) represents the standard concentration of the j-th substance, and w(j) represents the gradient coefficient of the j-th substance;

[0049] The spatial analysis unit includes an area statistics processor and a spatial impact calculation processor, wherein the area statistics processor is used to calculate the area value of each classified area, and the spatial impact calculation processor is used to evaluate the influence of the water and soil quality of each classified area on the mining area;

[0050] The spatial impact calculation processor calculates the mining operation impact index P of each classification area according to the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] Among them, S is the area of ​​the classification area, and d is the minimum distance between the mining operation point and the classification area.

[0053] Embodiment 2.

[0054] This embodiment includes all the contents of the first embodiment, and provides a mining area water and soil quality monitoring system based on UAV hyperspectral imaging technology, including a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a data display module;

[0055] The data acquisition module is used to collect water and soil data of the mining area, the data transmission module is used to transmit the collected data and control data, the data processing module is used to analyze the collected data, and the data display module is used to display the analysis results in the form of graphics and text;

[0056] The data acquisition module includes a flying carrier unit, a hyperspectral imaging unit and a positioning unit. The flying carrier unit is used to carry the hyperspectral imaging unit to fly over the mining area. The hyperspectral imaging unit is used to obtain hyperspectral image information of water and soil in the mining area. The positioning unit is used to determine the position information of the flying carrier unit.

[0057] The data transmission module includes a wireless transmission unit and a data cache unit, wherein the wireless transmission unit is used to establish a transmission channel between the data acquisition module and the data processing module and transmit data, and the data cache unit is used to temporarily store hyperspectral data;

[0058] The data transmission module is divided into a mobile terminal and a fixed terminal. The mobile terminal is mounted on a flying carrier unit, and a drone is selected as the flying carrier unit;

[0059] Combination Figure 2 The data processing module includes a spectral analysis unit, a spatial analysis unit and a data storage unit. The spectral analysis unit analyzes and processes the water and soil quality based on the hyperspectral data. The spatial analysis unit is used to analyze and process the distribution information of the water and soil quality. The data storage unit is used to store the hyperspectral data and the analysis results.

[0060] The data display module includes a basic map generation unit, an analysis overlay unit and an annotation link unit; the basic map generation unit is used to generate a basic geographic three-dimensional image of the mining area, the analysis overlay unit is used to overlay and display the analysis results of water and soil quality on the basic geographic three-dimensional image, and the annotation link unit is used to perform feedback processing on the interaction of the geographic three-dimensional image;

[0061] The hyperspectral imaging unit includes a push-broom imaging spectrometer, a detector array, and a space conversion processor. The push-broom imaging spectrometer is used to collect ground light and decompose it into spectra of different wavelengths. The detector array is used to convert optical signals into electrical signals to obtain light intensities of different wavelengths. The space conversion processor converts the spectral information on the image pixel points into spectral information on the coordinate points in combination with the positioning information.

[0062] The positioning unit includes a positioning receiving processor and a positioning calculating processor. The positioning receiving processor is used to receive positioning signals sent by satellites. The positioning calculating processor calculates the longitude and latitude information of the positioning unit based on triangulation.

[0063] The data format of the hyperspectral data after being processed by the spatial conversion processor is in the form of {I(x, y, λ)}, where I(x, y, λ) represents the light intensity of the coordinate point with longitude x and latitude y at wavelength λ;

[0064] Combination Figure 3 The spectrum analysis unit includes a spectrum database memory, a region division processor and a spectrum matching processor, wherein the spectrum database memory is used to store spectrum parameters of different substances, the region division processor is used to divide the hyperspectral data into multiple regions based on spectral features, and the spectrum matching processor is used to match the hyperspectral data of each region to obtain the corresponding water and soil quality;

[0065] The process of dividing regions by the region division processor comprises the following steps:

[0066] S1, identifying the absorption peak in the spectrum data of each coordinate point;

[0067] S2. Create a feature vector Ch based on the wavelength of the absorption peak coordinate point. The element values ​​in the feature vector are calculated according to the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, a i represents the value of the i-th element in the feature vector, λ i It represents the wavelength corresponding to the i-th absorption peak, λ0 is the basic wavelength, and Δλ is the characteristic span;

[0070] S3. Calculate the classification value Vc of each coordinate point based on the feature vector:

[0071]

[0072] S4. Calculate the difference value Vd of two coordinate points with adjacent relationship:

[0073] Vd = α·|Vc1-Vc2|;

[0074] Among them, Vc1 and Vc2 are the classification values ​​of two adjacent coordinate points, and α is the classification magnification coefficient;

[0075] S5, classifying two adjacent coordinate points whose difference values ​​are greater than the classification threshold into the same region, and obtaining multiple classification regions after processing all coordinate points;

[0076] The process of the spectrum matching processor acquiring the feature vectors and spectrum data of all coordinate points in a classification area and performing matching analysis on the water and soil quality in the classification area includes the following steps:

[0077] S21. Calculate the mean vector of all feature vectors in the classification area, denoted as

[0078] S22. Convert the elements in the mean vector to wavelengths according to the following formula:

[0079]

[0080] in, represents the value of the i-th element in the mean vector, represents the characteristic wavelength of the ith region;

[0081] S23, matching and obtaining the spectrum parameters of the substance containing only the regional characteristic wavelength from the spectrum database memory;

[0082] S24. Calculate the target intensity value of the i-th absorption peak in the classification area according to the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, I i (x, y) represents the i-th absorption peak light intensity at the coordinate point (x, y), and N is the number of coordinate points in the classification area;

[0085] S25. Calculate the substance concentration value according to the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] in, represents the target intensity value corresponding to the kth absorption peak of the jth substance, m is the number of absorption peaks of the jth substance, β k represents the kth concentration weight value of the jth substance, and ε is the concentration adjustment value of the jth substance;

[0088] β k and ε belong to the spectral parameters obtained from the spectral database memory;

[0089] S26. Calculate the quality evaluation value Q according to the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] Where M is the number of substances matched in the classification area, C0(j) represents the standard concentration of the j-th substance, and w(j) represents the gradient coefficient of the j-th substance;

[0092] It should be noted that, in the matching process in step S23, a fluctuation range is set for each regional characteristic wavelength, and as long as the spectral wavelength of the substance falls within the fluctuation range, it meets the requirement of containing the regional characteristic wavelength;

[0093] Combination Figure 4 The spatial analysis unit includes an area statistics processor and a spatial impact calculation processor, wherein the area statistics processor is used to calculate the area value of each classified area, and the spatial impact calculation processor is used to evaluate the influence of the water and soil quality of each classified area on the mining area;

[0094] The spatial impact calculation processor calculates the mining operation impact index P of each classification area according to the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, S is the area of ​​the classification area, and d is the minimum distance between the mining operation point and the classification area;

[0097] d is obtained by the area statistics processor based on the coordinates of the regional operation points;

[0098] Combination Figure 5 , the analysis and coverage unit includes a color mapping processor and a color coverage processor, the color mapping processor is used to map the quality assessment value to a corresponding color, and the color coverage processor is used to cover the mapped color on the three-dimensional map of the corresponding classification area;

[0099] The annotation link unit includes an information construction processor, an interaction detection processor and a detail display processor, wherein the information construction processor is used to construct a link relationship of each classification area, the interaction detection processor is used to detect the interaction information of the three-dimensional map, and the detail display processor displays the detailed information of the corresponding classification area based on the detected interaction information and the corresponding link relationship;

[0100] The i, j, and k appearing in the above text are ordinal numbers used to indicate sequence numbers.

[0101] The contents disclosed above are only preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical changes made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings are included in the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the elements therein can be updated as technology develops.

Claims

1. A mining area soil and water quality monitoring system based on UAV hyperspectral imaging technology, characterized in that: It includes data acquisition module, data transmission module, data processing module and data display module; The data acquisition module is used to collect water and soil data of the mining area, the data transmission module is used to transmit the collected data and control data, the data processing module is used to analyze the collected data, and the data display module is used to display the analysis results in the form of graphics and text; The data acquisition module includes a flying carrier unit, a hyperspectral imaging unit and a positioning unit. The flying carrier unit is used to carry the hyperspectral imaging unit to fly over the mining area. The hyperspectral imaging unit is used to obtain hyperspectral image information of water and soil in the mining area. The positioning unit is used to determine the position information of the flying carrier unit. The data transmission module includes a wireless transmission unit and a data cache unit, wherein the wireless transmission unit is used to establish a transmission channel between the data acquisition module and the data processing module and transmit data, and the data cache unit is used to temporarily store hyperspectral data; The data processing module includes a spectral analysis unit, a spatial analysis unit and a data storage unit. The spectral analysis unit analyzes and processes the water and soil quality based on the hyperspectral data. The spatial analysis unit is used to analyze and process the distribution information of the water and soil quality. The data storage unit is used to store the hyperspectral data and the analysis results. The data display module includes a basic map generation unit, an analysis and coverage unit, and an annotation link unit; The basic map generation unit is used to generate a basic geographic three-dimensional image of the mining area, the analysis overlay unit is used to overlay and display the analysis results of water and soil quality on the basic geographic three-dimensional image, and the annotation link unit is used to perform feedback processing on the interaction of the geographic three-dimensional image; The hyperspectral imaging unit includes a push-broom imaging spectrometer, a detector array, and a space conversion processor. The push-broom imaging spectrometer is used to collect ground light and decompose it into spectra of different wavelengths. The detector array is used to convert optical signals into electrical signals to obtain light intensities of different wavelengths. The space conversion processor converts the spectral information on the image pixel points into spectral information on the coordinate points in combination with the positioning information. The spectral analysis unit includes a spectral database memory, a region division processor and a spectral matching processor, wherein the spectral database memory is used to store spectral parameters of different substances, the region division processor is used to divide the hyperspectral data into multiple regions based on spectral features, and the spectral matching processor is used to match the hyperspectral data of each region to obtain the corresponding water and soil quality; The spectrum matching processor obtains the feature vectors and spectrum data of all coordinate points in a classification area, and calculates the concentration value C(j) of the matched j-th substance according to the following formula: ； in, represents the target intensity value corresponding to the kth absorption peak of the jth substance, m is the number of absorption peaks of the jth substance, represents the kth concentration weight value of the jth type of substance, is the concentration adjustment value of the jth type of substance; Then calculate the quality assessment value Q according to the following formula: ； Where M is the number of substances matched in the classification area, C0(j) represents the standard concentration of the j-th substance, and w(j) represents the gradient coefficient of the j-th substance; The spatial analysis unit includes an area statistics processor and a spatial impact calculation processor, wherein the area statistics processor is used to calculate the area value of each classified area, and the spatial impact calculation processor is used to evaluate the influence of the water and soil quality of each classified area on the mining area; The spatial impact calculation processor calculates the mining operation impact index P of each classification area according to the following formula: ； Among them, S is the area of ​​the classification area, and d is the minimum distance between the mining operation point and the classification area.

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