Finishing method of yarn-dyed peach skin elastic blended style fabric

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of finishing of yarn-dyed fabrics, and specifically to a finishing method for yarn-dyed peach skin elastic blended fabrics. The finishing method for the yarn-dyed peach skin elastic blended fabrics comprises the following finishing process steps: singeing → roller dyeing desizing → drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → dehydration → super softening → stretching → pre-shrinking, wherein the overflow process comprises the following stages: alkali treatment in a cylinder → washing with clean water at room temperature → acid neutralization → fiber opening → inactivation → washing with clean water → washing with softener. The present invention solves the pain point that the yarn-dyed regenerated cellulose blended peach skin fabrics on the market can only be made into non-elastic fabrics, while meeting the customer's demand for high cotton content while taking into account the feel of fabrics containing regenerated cellulose fibers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of finishing of yarn-dyed fabrics, in particular to a finishing method of yarn-dyed peach skin elastic blended style fabrics. Background Art

[0002] Peach skin style fabric is a novel pile fabric with fine and short fluff on the surface. The fluff is not visible on the surface but can be felt by the skin. It has a delicate and soft style, a high-end feel, and is deeply loved by consumers. However, due to the special process and other reasons, the current products are mainly made of non-elastic products with high regenerated cellulose content by sanding or opening, and elastic products are less involved.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN116607315A, published on August 18, 2023, discloses a method for finishing peach skin style fabrics, which requires a regenerated cellulose content of more than 65%, but it is a finishing process for non-elastic fabrics and cannot meet the existing customers' demand for elastic comfort; CN104278534A, published on January 14, 2015, discloses a preparation process for peach skin effect of Lyocell fabrics, which is mainly aimed at fabrics with high Lyocell content. Fabrics with low Lyocell content are difficult to achieve open fiber feel by this method; Chinese patent application CN118087289A, published on May 28, 2024, discloses a peach skin of lyocell filament / rayon interwoven fabric and its dyeing and finishing process, which is 100% regenerated cellulose fabric, velvet feeling process It is relatively simple and inelastic, and the process is divided into one or two fibrillation processes, which is relatively complicated; Chinese patent application CN108442146A, published on June 30, 2020, discloses a modal polyester peach skin suede fiber opening and dyeing process, which uses an acidification fiber opening process, which is an opening-first-then-dyeing mode, and is a non-dyed product; Chinese patent application CN109629265A, published on April 16, 2019, discloses a peach skin-like finishing process for polyester and regenerated cellulose fiber interwoven fabrics, which focuses on the fiber opening of the polyester component; Chinese patent application CN108708117A, published on October 26, 2018, discloses a Tencel cotton twill peach skin style fabric production process, which uses a cold stacking fiber opening process with a cold stacking time of 22 to 25 hours, which is inefficient and cannot meet the existing peach skin suede bulk production needs. Chinese patent application Chinese patent application CN118516793A, published on July 24, 2024, discloses a pure cotton peach skin yarn-dyed fabric and a processing method thereof, but it is a regenerated cellulose blended fabric process and is achieved by sanding, which has the problem of large fabric strength reduction and easy strength loss.

[0004] In summary, the prior art discloses more about ordinary yarn-dyed peach skin fabrics, but discloses less about the preparation of yarn-dyed peach skin elastic blended style fabrics. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a finishing method for color-woven peach skin elastic blended style fabrics, so as to solve the pain point that color-woven peach skin fabrics on the market can only be made into non-elastic fabrics, while meeting customers' demand for high cotton content and hand feel.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0007] The finishing method of the yarn-dyed peach skin elastic blended style fabric comprises the following finishing process steps: singeing → roller dyeing desizing → drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → dehydration → super softening → stretching → pre-shrinking, wherein the overflow process comprises the following stages: alkali treatment in a cylinder → washing with clean water at room temperature → acid neutralization → fiber opening → inactivation → washing with clean water → washing with softener.

[0008] The fiber contents of the warp yarn and the weft yarn of the fabric are both greater than or equal to 50%.

[0009] The singeing adopts a one-forward and one-reverse singeing method, the burner position is selected as opposite burning, the flame intensity is 8-12mbar, and the vehicle speed is 95-100m / min.

[0010] The in-cylinder alkali treatment has a caustic soda concentration of 6-10 g / L, a temperature of 20-40° C., a time of 20-40 min, and an anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath of 2-6 g / L.

[0011] The washing time in the normal temperature clean water is 10 to 30 minutes, and the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath is 2 to 6 g / L.

[0012] In the acid neutralization stage, the pH-X of the acid-base neutralizer is 2-10 g / L, the washing time is 10-30 min, and the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath is 2-6 g / L.

[0013] In the fiber opening stage, fiber enzyme washing is used, and JAS anti-wrinkle agent needs to be added to the bath: 2-10g / L. After changing the water, acid needs to be added to adjust the pH value, and the pH value needs to be adjusted to between 4.5 and 5. Then, polishing enzyme is added. The amount of polishing enzyme is 2-5% of the cloth weight. Cloth weight (g) = finished product width (m) × number of segment lengths (m) × gram weight (g / m 2 ), keep it at 50-60℃ for 25-35min, open the door to check the hairiness of the fabric, take the fabric out for drying and confirm the fabric surface. The hairiness of Tencel should be clean. If the hairiness of the fabric surface is too long, continue to run for 10-20min to check. When the hairiness of the fabric surface is clean, it can be inactivated and kept at 55-80℃ for 30-50min.

[0014] In the inactivation stage, after enzyme washing, the water is changed and the temperature is increased to add soda ash for inactivation, soda ash 8g / L, anti-wrinkle agent 2g / L in JAS bath, kept at 80°C for 10 minutes, and added into the cylinder after being homogenized from the material tank.

[0015] In the clean water washing stage, the concentration of the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath is 2-10 g / L, the pH-X of the acid-base neutralizer is 2-10 g / L, the temperature is 50-70° C., and the time is 5-15 min.

[0016] In the softener washing stage, the softener WAS39: 5-10 g / L, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 4-8 g / L, the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath: 2-6 g / L, and the temperature is kept at 20-30° C. for 10-20 minutes.

[0017] Furthermore, the super soft machine speed is 10-20 m / min and the temperature is 80-100°C.

[0018] Furthermore, the speed of the tentering process is 85-95 m / min, the drying room temperature is 120-140°C, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X is 1-5 g / L, the auxiliary agent 4911 is 20-40 g / L, and the softener WAS39 is 20-40 g / L.

[0019] Furthermore, the pre-shrinking process is carried out by drying 3% to 5% according to the AATCC standard at a speed of 50 to 70 m / min to obtain the fabric.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] After the peach skin stretch blend is processed, the present invention significantly improves its breaking strength, tearing strength, elasticity and other properties, which solves the pain point that the color-woven regenerated cellulose blended peach skin fabrics on the market can only be made into non-elastic fabrics, and at the same time meets the customer's demand for high cotton content and the feel of regenerated cellulose fiber fabrics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a microscopic surface view of the fabric of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a microscopic surface view of the fabric of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail.

[0025] Some of the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are described as follows:

[0026] Acid-base neutralizer pH-X: Zibo Lurui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0027] JAS anti-wrinkle agent in bath: Qingdao Ounosi Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.;

[0028] Softener WAS39: Qingdao Ounosi Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.

[0029] Additive 4911: Transfar Group Co., Ltd.

[0030] Additive STF3: Transfar Group Co., Ltd.

[0031] Among them, auxiliary agent 4911 is a silicone oil softener.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Lyocell and cotton blended yarns are used in the warp direction, and Lyocell, cotton and spandex stretch yarns are used in the weft direction. The overall Lyocell content is 50%. The finishing process is through singeing → roller dyeing and desizing → drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → dehydration → super softness → stretching → pre-shrinkage, and the good elasticity of Lycra fiber is used to ensure that the overall fabric has good elastic properties.

[0034] The finishing method of peach skin stretch blended fabric includes the following finishing processes: singeing → loose water washing → loose drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → super softening → stretching → pre-shrinking; wherein, the overflow process includes the following stages: alkali treatment in a vat → washing with clean water at room temperature → acid neutralization → fiber opening → inactivation → washing with clean water → washing with softener.

[0035] The fiber content of the warp and weft yarns of the grey cloth is 50%.

[0036] The singeing adopts a one-forward and one-reverse singeing method, the burner position is selected as opposite burning, the flame intensity is 8mbar, and the vehicle speed is 95m / min.

[0037] The loose water washing speed is 30m / min, the steamer temperature is 90℃, and the water washing temperature is 90℃.

[0038] Loose drying speed is 30m / min and temperature is 110℃.

[0039] The pre-stretching process speed is 40m / min, the drying room temperature is 110℃, the auxiliary agent STF3 is 50g / L, and the acid-base neutralizer pH-X is 2g / L.

[0040] The pH of the liquid ammonia process is 5.5 and the vehicle speed is 60m / min.

[0041] Alkali treatment in the tank: concentrated alkali (caustic soda): 6g / L, treatment at 20℃ for 40min, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath: 2g / L.

[0042] Normal temperature clean water washing stage, washing for 10 minutes, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath: 2g / L.

[0043] In the acid neutralization stage, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 2g / L, water washing for 30min, anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath: 2g / L.

[0044] In the fiber opening stage, use fiber enzyme washing, and add JAS anti-wrinkle agent in the bath: 2g / L. After changing the water, add acid to adjust the pH value, and the pH value needs to be adjusted to 4.5. When the pH reaches 4.5, add polishing enzyme (enzyme dosage is 5% of the cloth weight). At 50℃, after 25 minutes of treatment, open the door to check the hairiness of the cloth, take the cloth out and dry it to confirm the cloth surface. The hairiness of Tencel should be clean. If the hairiness of the cloth is too long, continue to run for 10 minutes to check. When the hairiness of the cloth is clean, it can be inactivated. At 55℃, treat for 50 minutes.

[0045] In the inactivation stage, after enzyme washing, change the water, raise the temperature and add soda ash for inactivation. Soda ash 8g / L, anti-wrinkle agent 2g / L in JAS bath, treat at 80℃ for 10min, and add it into the tank after homogenization from the trough.

[0046] In the clean water washing stage, the anti-wrinkle agent is 2g / L in the JAS bath, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 2g / L, and the clean water washing is carried out at 50℃ for 15 minutes.

[0047] In the softener washing stage, softener WAS39: 5g / L, acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 4g / L, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath: 2g / L, keep at 30℃ for 10min.

[0048] Super soft speed 10m / min, temperature 80℃.

[0049] The speed of the tentering process is 85m / min, the drying room temperature is 120℃, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 1g / L, the auxiliary agent 4911: 20g / L, and the softener WAS39: 20g / L.

[0050] The pre-shrinking process is carried out according to the AATCC standard, and the drying speed is 3%, and the speed is 50m / min to obtain the fabric. The microscopic surface view of the fabric obtained in Example 1 is shown in the attached figure of the specification. Figure 1 .

[0051] Example 2

[0052] Lyocell and cotton blended yarns are used in the warp direction, and Lyocell, cotton and spandex stretch yarns are used in the weft direction. The overall Lyocell content is 70%. The finishing process is through singeing → roller dyeing and desizing → drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → dehydration → super softness → stretching → pre-shrinkage, and the good elasticity of Lycra fiber is used to ensure that the overall fabric has good elastic properties.

[0053] A finishing method for peach skin stretch blended fabric comprises the following finishing processes: singeing → loose water washing → loose drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → super softening → stretching → pre-shrinking; wherein the overflow process comprises the following stages: alkali treatment in a vat → washing with clean water at room temperature → acid neutralization → fiber opening → inactivation → washing with clean water → washing with softener.

[0054] The fiber content of the warp and weft yarns of the grey cloth is equal to 70%.

[0055] The singeing adopts a one-forward and one-reverse singeing method, the burner position is selected as opposite burning, the flame intensity is 10mbar, and the vehicle speed is 98m / min.

[0056] The loose water washing speed is 50m / min, the steamer temperature is 95℃, and the water washing temperature is 93℃.

[0057] Loose drying speed is 40m / min and temperature is 120℃.

[0058] The pre-stretching process speed is 50m / min, the drying room temperature is 120℃, the auxiliary agent STF3 is 60g / L, and the acid-base neutralizer pH-X is 3g / L.

[0059] The pH value of the liquid ammonia process is 6.5 and the vehicle speed is 65m / min.

[0060] The overflow process goes through the steps of in-tank alkali treatment → room temperature clean water washing → neutralization acid washing → fiber-optimizing enzyme washing → inactivation → clean water washing → softening water washing.

[0061] Alkali treatment in the tank: concentrated alkali (caustic soda): 8g / L, treatment at 30℃ for 30min, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath: 4g / L.

[0062] Normal temperature clean water washing stage, washing for 20 minutes, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath: 4g / L.

[0063] In the acid neutralization stage, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 4g / L water washing is used for 20 minutes, and the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath is 4g / L.

[0064] In the fiber opening stage, use fiber enzyme washing, and add JAS anti-wrinkle agent in the bath: 6g / L. After changing the water, add acid to adjust the pH value, and the pH value needs to be adjusted to 4.7, and then add polishing enzyme (enzyme dosage is 3% of the cloth weight). When it is kept at 55℃ for 30 minutes, open the door to check the hairiness of the cloth surface, take the cloth out and dry it to confirm the cloth surface. The hairiness of Tencel should be clean. If the hairiness of the cloth surface is too long, continue to run for 15 minutes to check. When the hairiness of the cloth surface is clean, it can be inactivated and kept at 70℃ for 40 minutes.

[0065] In the inactivation stage, after enzyme washing, change the water, raise the temperature and add soda ash for inactivation. Soda ash 8g / L, anti-wrinkle agent 2g / L in JAS bath, keep at 70℃ for 30min, add it into the tank after homogenization from the trough.

[0066] In the clean water washing stage, the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath is 6g / L, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 6g / L, and the clean water washing is carried out at 60℃ for 10 minutes.

[0067] In the softener washing stage, softener WAS39: 8g / L, acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 6g / L, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath 4g / L, maintained at 20℃ for 15min.

[0068] Super soft speed 15m / min, temperature 90℃.

[0069] The speed of the tentering process is 90m / min, the drying room temperature is 130℃, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 4g / L, the auxiliary agent 4911: 30g / L, and the softener WAS39: 30g / L.

[0070] The pre-shrinking process was dried at 4% according to AATCC standard and the speed was 60m / min to obtain the fabric.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Lyocell and cotton blended yarns are used in the warp direction, and Lyocell, cotton and spandex stretch yarns are used in the weft direction. The overall Lyocell content is 100%. The finishing process is through singeing → roller dyeing and desizing → drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → dehydration → super softness → stretching → pre-shrinkage, and the good elasticity of Lycra fiber is used to ensure that the overall fabric has good elastic properties.

[0073] The finishing method of peach skin stretch blended fabric includes the following finishing processes: singeing → loose water washing → loose drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → super softening → stretching → pre-shrinking; wherein, the overflow process includes the following stages: alkali treatment in a vat → washing with clean water at room temperature → acid neutralization → fiber opening → inactivation → washing with clean water → washing with softener.

[0074] The fiber content of the warp and weft yarns of the grey cloth is equal to 100%.

[0075] The singeing adopts a one-forward and one-reverse singeing method, the burner position is selected as opposite burning, the flame intensity is 12mbar, and the vehicle speed is 100m / min.

[0076] The loose water washing speed is 60m / min, the steamer temperature is 100℃, and the water washing temperature is 95℃.

[0077] Loose drying speed is 50m / min and temperature is 130℃.

[0078] The pre-stretching process speed is 60m / min, the drying room temperature is 130℃, the auxiliary agent STF3 is 70g / L, and the acid-base neutralizer pH-X is 5g / L.

[0079] The pH of the liquid ammonia process is 7.5 and the vehicle speed is 70m / min.

[0080] The overflow process goes through the steps of in-tank alkali treatment → room temperature clean water washing → neutralization acid washing → fiber-optimizing enzyme washing → inactivation → clean water washing → softening water washing.

[0081] Alkali treatment in the tank: concentrated alkali (caustic soda): 10g / L, treatment at 40℃ for 20min, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath: 6g / L.

[0082] Normal temperature clean water washing stage, washing for 30 minutes, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath: 6g / L.

[0083] In the acid neutralization stage, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 6g / L, water washing for 30min, anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath: 6g / L.

[0084] In the fiber opening stage, use fiber enzyme washing, and add JAS anti-wrinkle agent in the bath: 10g / L. After changing the water, add acid to adjust the pH value, and the pH value needs to be adjusted to 5. When the pH reaches 5, add polishing enzyme (enzyme dosage is 2% of the cloth weight). When kept at 60℃ for 35 minutes, open the door to check the hairiness of the cloth, take the cloth out and dry it to confirm the cloth surface. The hairiness of Tencel should be clean. If the hairiness of the cloth is too long, continue to run for 20 minutes to check. When the hairiness of the cloth is clean, it can be inactivated and kept at 80℃ for 30 minutes.

[0085] In the inactivation stage, after enzyme washing, change the water, raise the temperature and add soda ash for inactivation. Soda ash 10g / L, anti-wrinkle agent 10g / L in JAS bath, keep at 90℃ for 30min, add it into the tank after homogenization from the trough.

[0086] In the clean water washing stage, the anti-wrinkle agent is 10g / L in the JAS bath, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 10g / L, and the clean water is washed for 15 minutes at 70℃.

[0087] In the softener washing stage, softener WAS39: 10g / L, acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 8g / L, anti-wrinkle agent in JAS bath 6g / L, maintained at 25℃ for 20min.

[0088] Super soft speed 20m / min, temperature 100℃.

[0089] The speed of the tentering process is 95m / min, the drying room temperature is 140℃, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 5g / L, the auxiliary agent 4911: 40g / L, and the softener WAS39: 40g / L.

[0090] The pre-shrinking process was dried at 5% according to AATCC standard and the speed was 70 m / min to obtain the fabric.

[0091] Comparative Example 1

[0092] Lyocell and cotton blended yarns are used in the warp direction, and Lyocell, cotton and spandex stretch yarns are used in the weft direction. The overall Lyocell content is 65%, including the following finishing processes: grey cloth singeing → desizing → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → stretching → pre-shrinking.

[0093] Grey fabric structure: 1 / 1; warp and weft density: 120 threads / inch × 90 threads / inch, fabric fiber blend ratio: 65% lyocell 35% cotton.

[0094] (1) Grey cloth singeing: adopt one positive and one negative singeing method, select the burner position as opposite burning, the flame intensity is 12mbar, and the speed is 95m / min.

[0095] (2) Desizing: Bio-enzyme desizing is used. The concentration of desizing enzyme in the desizing solution is 30 g / L, the concentration of penetrant is 3 g / L, the concentration of refining agent is 12 g / L, and the balance is water. In the desizing process, the steamer temperature is 95 °C, the water washing temperature is 90 °C, the vehicle speed is 85 m / min, and the stacking time is 10 min.

[0096] (3) Pre-stretching process: vehicle speed 55m / min, drying room temperature 120℃, auxiliary agent STF3: 60g / L, acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 3g / L.

[0097] (4) Liquid ammonia: vehicle speed is 35 m / min, pH value is 5.5.

[0098] (5) Stretching: Use 25g / L hydrophilic softener.

[0099] (6) Pre-shrinking: The pre-shrinking process is carried out according to the AATCC standard, and the fabric is dried at 5% and the speed is 70 m / min to obtain the fabric.

[0100] The fabric obtained above has no peach skin effect. The microscopic surface view of the fabric of comparative example 1 is shown in the attached figure of the specification. Figure 2 .

[0101] The test results of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0102] Table 1 Test results of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1

[0103]

[0104] Compared with the conventional blended peach skin process, the present invention mainly realizes the change of fabric elasticity from non-existent to existing and the realization of peach skin feel under high cotton content, while ensuring the high quality of fabric strength, pilling and other indicators.

Claims

1. A finishing method for a yarn-dyed peach skin elastic blended style fabric, characterized in that: The following finishing process steps are included: singeing → roller dyeing desizing → drying → pre-stretching → liquid ammonia → overflow → dehydration → super softening → stretching → pre-shrinking, among which the overflow process includes the following stages: alkali treatment in the cylinder → washing with clean water at room temperature → acid neutralization → fiber opening → inactivation → washing with clean water → washing with softener; The Lyocell content of the warp and weft yarns of the fabric is greater than or equal to 50%, Lyocell and cotton blended yarns are used in the warp direction, and Lyocell, cotton and spandex elastic yarns are used in the weft direction; In the fiber opening stage, fiber enzyme washing is adopted, and JAS anti-wrinkle agent in the bath needs to be added in the bath: 2-10g / L, and acid needs to be added to adjust the pH value after changing the water, and the pH value needs to be adjusted to between 4.5 and 5, and then polishing enzyme is added, and the amount of polishing enzyme is 2-5% of the weight of the cloth, and it is kept at 50-60°C for 25-35 minutes. When the hairiness on the cloth surface is clean, it can be inactivated and kept at 55-80°C for 30-50 minutes; In the deactivation stage, after enzyme washing, the water is changed and the temperature is raised to add soda ash for deactivation, soda ash 8g / L, anti-wrinkle agent 2g / L in JAS bath, and maintained at 80°C for 10min; In the clean water washing stage, the concentration of the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath is 2-10 g / L, the pH-X of the acid-base neutralizer is 2-10 g / L, the temperature is 50-70°C, and the time is 5-15 min; In the softener washing stage, the softener WAS39: 5-10 g / L, the acid-base neutralizer pH-X: 4-8 g / L, the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath: 2-6 g / L, maintained at 20-30°C for 10-20 minutes; The alkali treatment in the cylinder has a caustic soda concentration of 6 to 10 g / L, a temperature of 20 to 40°C, a time of 20 to 40 min, and an anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath of 2 to 6 g / L; The washing time is 10 to 30 minutes in the normal temperature water, and the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath is 2 to 6 g / L; In the acid neutralization stage, the pH-X of the acid-base neutralizer is 2-10 g / L, the washing time is 10-30 min, and the anti-wrinkle agent in the JAS bath is 2-6 g / L.

2. The finishing method of the yarn-dyed peach skin elastic blended style fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The singeing adopts a one-forward and one-reverse singeing method, the burner position is selected as opposite burning, the flame intensity is 8-12mbar, and the vehicle speed is 95-100m / min.

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