Design method of optimal tilt angle of double-slope type panel for distributed photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of double-slope type panel optimal inclination design method of distributed photovoltaic power station, comprehensively considers photovoltaic module size, photovoltaic power station maintenance passage width, the most unfavorable solar incidence angle of the site where distributed photovoltaic power station is located, photovoltaic module azimuth angle and the shadow area generated by photovoltaic module shielding, the optimal inclination of photovoltaic module of double-slope type distributed photovoltaic power station is obtained after the interval between photovoltaic module double slopes, and the shadow generated by north photovoltaic module is set up maintenance passage by reasonable use, reduce roof bare leakage area, improve panel area and roof utilization, reach the purpose that the income brought by scientific laying photovoltaic module and improve energy utilization efficiency, provide favorable support for actual engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a double-slope photovoltaic power station. Background Technology

[0002] Rooftop distributed photovoltaic (PV) power stations not only provide low-carbon energy for buildings but also offer shading, reducing the roof's air conditioning load, thus providing a dual low-carbon effect. However, current rooftop distributed PV power station deployments suffer from several issues, including unreasonable tilt angles of the PV modules and ineffective utilization of the shaded areas created by direct sunlight. This results in a significant loss of usable panel area and underutilization of rooftop resources.

[0003] Therefore, it is very important to find a scientific way to make full use of rooftop resources and reasonably increase the area of ​​rooftop distributed photovoltaic power stations to improve revenue and energy efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for designing the optimal tilt angle of double-slope distributed photovoltaic power stations, which is used to scientifically design the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic modules in double-slope distributed photovoltaic power stations, improve the panel area and roof utilization rate, and solve the current problems of low roof utilization rate and energy efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The optimal tilt angle design method for dual-slope photovoltaic power station layout as described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Obtain site plan, building plan, photovoltaic module parameters, and annual meteorological data of the site for the distributed photovoltaic power station;

[0008] S2, determine the double-slope spacing A of the photovoltaic modules, the width of the maintenance passage B, the length of the photovoltaic modules L, the total width of the roof E, the most unfavorable solar incidence angle α of the site to be built, and the azimuth angle δ of the photovoltaic modules;

[0009] S3, Select the photovoltaic module installation scheme, and establish a north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model and a model of the total roof width and the number of arrays that can be arranged;

[0010] S4, assuming the tilt angle β of the south-facing photovoltaic modules, determine the number of arrays n that can be arranged based on the model of the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged;

[0011] S5, determine the roof utilization rate η corresponding to the number of arrays n that can be arranged; repeat steps S4 to S5 to determine the number of arrays n′ that can be arranged and the south-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle β′ corresponding to the maximum roof utilization rate; β′ is the optimal tilt angle of the south-facing photovoltaic module;

[0012] S6. Substitute the optimal tilt angle β′ of the south-facing photovoltaic module into the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model to determine the optimal tilt angle γ′ of the north-facing photovoltaic module.

[0013] Preferably, the photovoltaic module installation scheme includes a double-panel or triple-panel configuration.

[0014] Preferably, the tilt angle β of the south-facing photovoltaic module is in the range of [5, α].

[0015] Preferably, the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model in the dual-panel installation scheme is as follows:

[0016] ,

[0017] The model for the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged is as follows:

[0018] ,

[0019] Roof utilization rate

[0020] , where n is rounded down to the nearest integer; B is 0.5m according to the standard.

[0021] Preferably, the tilt angle correlation model of the north-south photovoltaic modules in the three-panel installation scheme is as follows:

[0022] ,

[0023] The model for the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged is as follows:

[0024] ,

[0025] Roof utilization rate

[0026] , where n is rounded down to the nearest integer; B is 0.5m according to the standard.

[0027] The advantages of this invention lie in its comprehensive consideration of factors such as photovoltaic module size, photovoltaic power station maintenance access width, the most unfavorable solar incidence angle at the site of the distributed photovoltaic power station, photovoltaic module azimuth angle, the shadow area generated by photovoltaic module shading, and the distance between the two slopes of the photovoltaic modules. This allows for the determination of the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules in a double-slope distributed photovoltaic power station. By rationally utilizing the shadow generated by the north-facing photovoltaic modules to establish maintenance access, the exposed area of ​​the roof is reduced, the area of ​​the photovoltaic panels is increased, and the roof utilization rate is improved. This achieves the benefits of scientifically laying photovoltaic modules and the goal of improving energy efficiency, providing favorable support for practical engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating the optimal tilt angle design method for dual-slope photovoltaic power station layout as described in this invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view of the photovoltaic module in the method described in this invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a side view of the double-panel photovoltaic module installation scheme in the method described in this invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a side view of the three-panel photovoltaic module installation scheme in the method described in this invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the tilt angle of the double-panel north-south photovoltaic module and the roof utilization rate in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the tilt angle of the three-panel north-south photovoltaic module and the roof utilization rate in Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the optimal tilt angle design method for dual-slope photovoltaic power station layout according to the present invention comprises the following specific steps:

[0037] S1 retrieves the site plan, building plan, photovoltaic module parameters, and annual meteorological data for the proposed distributed photovoltaic power station. The annual meteorological data must be selected based on the electrical meteorological year.

[0038] S2, determine the double-slope spacing A of the photovoltaic modules, the width of the maintenance passage B, the length of the photovoltaic modules L, the total width of the roof E, the most unfavorable solar incidence angle α of the site to be built, and the azimuth angle δ of the photovoltaic modules.

[0039] S3. Select a photovoltaic module installation scheme and establish a north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model and a model of the total roof width and the number of arrays that can be installed.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a top view of the photovoltaic (PV) modules. 1 represents south-facing PV modules, 2 represents north-facing PV modules, 3 represents the shadow cast by the north-facing PV modules, δ represents the azimuth angle of the PV modules, and B represents the width of the maintenance access path.

[0041] Photovoltaic module installation schemes include dual-panel or triple-panel installation schemes. For example... Figure 3 The image shows a side view of a dual-panel photovoltaic module installation scheme. The dual-panel installation scheme consists of one south-facing module and one north-facing module, forming a photovoltaic module unit.

[0042] like Figure 4 The image shows a side view of a three-panel photovoltaic module installation scheme. The three-panel installation scheme consists of two south-facing modules and one north-facing module forming a photovoltaic module group.

[0043] Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the diagram, 1 represents south-facing photovoltaic (PV) modules, and 2 represents north-facing PV modules. α is the solar incidence angle, β is the tilt angle of the south-facing PV module, L is the length of the PV module, A is the spacing between two sets of PV modules, B is the width of the maintenance access channel, and C is the total footprint of one set of PV modules.

[0044] The correlation model for the tilt angle of north-south photovoltaic modules in the double-panel installation scheme is as follows:

[0045] ,

[0046] This model represents the relationship between the tilt angle β of south-facing photovoltaic modules and the tilt angle γ of north-facing photovoltaic modules when the requirements of maintenance access B are met without obstructing the photovoltaic modules behind them. Maintenance access B is taken as 0.5m according to the standard.

[0047] The model for the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged is as follows:

[0048] ,

[0049] In dual-slope photovoltaic power stations, the smaller the tilt angle of the south-facing photovoltaic modules, the smaller the overall loss of the photovoltaic power station. Therefore, the number of arrays n is rounded down. B is taken as 0.5m according to the standard.

[0050] The correlation model of tilt angle of north-south photovoltaic modules in the three-panel installation scheme is as follows:

[0051] ,

[0052] The model for the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] n is rounded down. B is rounded to 0.5m according to the standard.

[0055] S4. Assuming the tilt angle β of the south-facing photovoltaic modules, determine the number of arrays n that can be arranged based on the model of the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged.

[0056] S5, determine the roof utilization rate η corresponding to the number of arrays n that can be arranged; repeat steps S4 to S5 to determine the number of arrays n′ that can be arranged and the south-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle β′ corresponding to the maximum roof utilization rate; β′ is the optimal tilt angle of the south-facing photovoltaic module. The value range of the south-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle β is [5, α].

[0057] When repeating steps S4 and S5, within the range of values ​​for the south-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle β, substitute the values ​​into the model of the total roof width and the number of arrays that can be arranged, from smallest to largest, to determine the number of arrays n that can be arranged. The increment of β can be set to 0.1°.

[0058] Calculate the roof utilization rate η corresponding to the tilt angle β and the number of arrays n for each group of south-facing photovoltaic modules. Select the south-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle β′ and the number of arrays n′ corresponding to the maximum roof utilization rate from among the many options. β′ at this point is the optimal tilt angle for the south-facing photovoltaic modules.

[0059] In the double-panel installation scheme, the roof utilization rate is

[0060]

[0061] In the three-panel installation scheme, the roof utilization rate is...

[0062]

[0063] S7. Substitute the optimal tilt angle β′ of the south-facing photovoltaic module into the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model to determine the optimal tilt angle γ′ of the north-facing photovoltaic module.

[0064] The derivation processes of the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model and the model of total roof width and number of arrays that can be arranged in this invention are as follows:

[0065] For the double-panel installation scheme, the tilt angle of the north-south photovoltaic modules satisfies formula (1):

[0066] Formula (1)

[0067] In Formula (1), the left side represents the height of the north-facing photovoltaic module above the ground, calculated using the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. The right side represents the height of the north-facing photovoltaic module above the ground, calculated using the solar incidence angle.

[0068] After further mathematical calculations, we can obtain formula (2).

[0069] Formula (2)

[0070] Formula (2) is the correlation model of the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle.

[0071] According to the photovoltaic module installation plan, a dual-panel installation consists of one south-facing module and one north-facing module, forming a photovoltaic module group. The total length of a photovoltaic module group is then... If n sets of photovoltaic modules can be installed on the entire roof, then there are n+1 maintenance channels. Therefore, it can be known that the total width E of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged satisfy formula (3):

[0072] Formula (3)

[0073] After mathematical calculations, we can obtain formula (4).

[0074] Formula (4)

[0075] The number of array elements n is rounded down, and formula (5) is expressed as:

[0076] Formula (5)

[0077] The optimal solution for the south-facing tilt angle of a photovoltaic power station is to find the optimal tilt angle within a given range that maximizes the roof utilization rate. This means the total area of ​​the maintenance access road plus the photovoltaic coverage area is approximately equal to the total roof width. Therefore, the roof utilization rate formula is:

[0078] Formula (6)

[0079] Furthermore, substituting the relationship between β and γ in formula (2) into formula (6) yields formula (7).

[0080] Formula (7)

[0081] The derivation processes for the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model, the roof total width and number of arrays model, and the optimal north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle model for the three-panel installation scheme are the same as those for the two-panel installation scheme. Based on the same principles, the following can be obtained:

[0082] The tilt angle of north-south photovoltaic modules satisfies formula (8):

[0083] Formula (8)

[0084] After mathematical calculations, we can obtain formula (9).

[0085] Formula (9)

[0086] The total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged satisfy formula (10):

[0087] Formula (10)

[0088] After mathematical calculations, we can obtain formula (11).

[0089] Formula (11)

[0090] The number of array elements n is rounded down, and formula (12) is expressed as:

[0091] Formula (12)

[0092] The optimal solution for the north-south tilt angle of photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic power station is to maximize the utilization rate of the roof within the range of values ​​for the north-south tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic power station. In the three-panel installation scheme, the total area of ​​the maintenance passage plus the photovoltaic coverage is approximately equal to the total width of the roof, which can be obtained by the following formula (13):

[0093] Formula (13)

[0094] Example 2

[0095] Taking a specific project as an example, a double-panel installation scheme is selected. According to standard regulations, the width B of the maintenance access should not be less than 0.5m, so B is set to 0.5m. To meet the requirement of not obstructing sunlight on the winter solstice, the solar incidence angle α on the winter solstice is determined to be 17.4° based on the latitude and longitude of the project location. 560~570M photovoltaic modules are selected, with a module length L of 2.278m. The spacing A between two modules is selected as 0.1m, and the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module installation is 19°, therefore δ is selected as 19°. The actual roof width E of the installed project is 26.1m. Using the collected data and the optimal tilt angle design method for double-slope photovoltaic power station installation described in this invention, the total number of arrays that can be arranged at different tilt angles for north-south photovoltaic modules is determined. The roof utilization rate ratio of different north-south photovoltaic module tilt angles in this project is determined, and then, based on the optimal north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle model for double-panel photovoltaic power stations, the optimal south-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle β for this project is derived to be 9°. Figure 5 The diagram shows the relationship between the tilt angle of the dual-panel north-south photovoltaic modules and the roof utilization rate. Substituting this value into the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model, the optimal north-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle γ for this project is found to be 4.81°.

[0096] If this project actually adopts a three-panel installation scheme, then according to the optimal tilt angle design method for dual-slope photovoltaic power station installation described in this invention, the total number of arrays that can be arranged under different tilt angles of north-south photovoltaic modules will be determined. The proportion of roof utilization for different north-south photovoltaic module tilt angles in this project will be determined. Then, based on the optimal north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle model for dual-panel photovoltaic power stations, the optimal south-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle β for the three-panel system in this project will be 5°. Figure 6 The diagram shows the relationship between the tilt angle of a three-panel north-south photovoltaic module and the roof utilization rate.

[0097] Substituting this value into the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model, the optimal north-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle γ is found to be 6.05°.

Claims

1. A method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a double-slope photovoltaic power station, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, obtain the site plan, building plan, photovoltaic module parameters and annual meteorological data of the site to be built for the distributed photovoltaic power station; S2, determine the double-slope spacing A of the photovoltaic modules, the width of the maintenance passage B, the length of the photovoltaic modules L, the total width of the roof E, the most unfavorable solar incidence angle α of the site to be built, and the azimuth angle δ of the photovoltaic modules; S3, select the double-panel photovoltaic module installation scheme, and establish a north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model and a model of the total roof width and the number of arrays that can be arranged. The north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model in the dual-panel installation scheme is as follows: ， The model for the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged is as follows: ， Roof utilization rate ， Where n is rounded down to the nearest integer; B is taken as 0.5m according to the standard. S4, assuming the tilt angle β of the south-facing photovoltaic modules, determine the number of arrays n that can be arranged based on the model of the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged; S5, determine the roof utilization rate η corresponding to the number of arrays n that can be arranged; repeat steps S4 to S5 to determine the number of arrays n′ that can be arranged and the south-facing photovoltaic module tilt angle β′ corresponding to the maximum roof utilization rate; β′ is the optimal tilt angle of the south-facing photovoltaic module; S6. Substitute the optimal tilt angle β′ of the south-facing photovoltaic module into the north-south photovoltaic module tilt angle correlation model to determine the optimal tilt angle γ′ of the north-facing photovoltaic module.

2. The optimal tilt angle design method for a dual-slope photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tilt angle β of the south-facing photovoltaic module ranges from [5, α].

3. The optimal tilt angle design method for a dual-slope photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: Another photovoltaic module installation scheme can be a three-panel layout, in which the tilt angle correlation model of the north-south photovoltaic modules is as follows: ， The model for the total width of the roof and the number of arrays that can be arranged is as follows: ， Roof utilization rate ， Where n is rounded down to the nearest integer; B is taken as 0.5m according to the standard.

Images