A basin water dispatching method and system based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and system for watershed water scheduling based on the uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, and relates to the technical field of water scheduling. The technical key points of the scheme are as follows: by evaluating the soil and water conservation conditions in different areas of the basin, calculating and obtaining soil and water conservation factors, extracting micro-basins and merging them into sub-basins, and based on the characteristic parameters of the soil and water conservation conditions, classifying sub-basins with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation zone, determining the water demand and available water quantity of the soil and water conservation zone, establishing a water demand model and a water resource supply model for the soil and water conservation zone, constructing a water resource scheduling model in combination with scheduling rules, introducing soil and water conservation factors as constraint conditions into the water resource scheduling model, adjusting the available water quantity and water demand of the soil and water conservation zone according to the size of the soil and water conservation factors, actively affecting the water resource stock and water quality, and thus improving the sustainable utilization capacity of water resources in the basin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water scheduling, and in particular to a method and system for scheduling water volume in a river basin based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources. Background Art

[0002] With global climate change and population growth, the problem of water shortage is becoming increasingly serious, especially within river basins. Due to the uneven temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, water shortages often occur in some areas, while other areas may waste water resources. As an important part of water resources management, river basin water scheduling aims to reasonably allocate limited water resources in a specific river basin or region to meet the needs of different water users while ensuring the sustainable use of water resources.

[0003] In the Chinese invention application with the application publication number CN109658287A, a method for water scheduling in a river basin based on the uniform distribution of water resources in time and space is disclosed, which relates to the technical field of resource optimization scheduling. The method first generalizes the river basin topology according to the actual situation of the river basin, and divides the water scheduling zones according to the generalized river basin topology. Then, a river basin water scheduling model based on the available water volume of the zones is established to describe the connection between the water resources allocation problem, the forecast of incoming water, the reservoir scheduling and the water users in the river basin. Then, based on the scheduling model, the differential evolution algorithm is used to optimize the water use problem. When calculating the fitness of each generation of individuals, the spatial water uniform distribution strategy based on the zones is started, the available water volume and water demand of each zone are simulated and calculated, and the water volume allocated to each water user is balanced in space, so as to realize the water scheduling of the river basin based on the uniform distribution of water resources in time and space, thereby solving the contradiction between the water users in space and ensuring that the water resources in the river basin can be fairly and reasonably distributed in space.

[0004] In view of the above invention, the prior art has the following deficiencies:

[0005] 1. Existing technologies often ignore the significant differences in soil and water conservation conditions between regions when conducting water scheduling zoning. This neglect leads to the failure of zoning planning to accurately reflect the soil and water conservation capacity of different regions and its potential impact on water supply and demand. In fact, soil and water conservation conditions are directly related to the water retention capacity of the soil, the hydrological regulation function of vegetation, and the anti-erosion capacity of the surface. These factors jointly determine the regional water supply and stability. Therefore, ignoring the soil and water conservation conditions for zoning may result in the water scheduling plan being unable to effectively match the actual water resource carrying capacity of the region, thereby affecting the rationality and efficiency of water resource allocation;

[0006] 2. Current water scheduling practices often focus on the simple allocation and scheduling of water, while ignoring the profound impact of soil and water conservation measures on water resource reserves and water quality. Soil and water conservation measures, such as vegetation restoration, terrace construction, and ditch management, can not only effectively reduce soil erosion and improve soil water retention capacity, but also improve water quality through the purification effect of vegetation, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable use of water resources in the basin. However, existing technologies have failed to fully take these soil and water conservation measures into consideration when conducting water scheduling, resulting in the failure to fully realize the potential of water resource scheduling plans in promoting the increase of water resource reserves, improving water quality, and enhancing the sustainable use of water resources in the basin. Summary of the invention

[0007] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a basin water scheduling method and system based on the uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources. The method evaluates the soil and water conservation conditions in different areas of the basin, calculates the soil and water conservation factors, classifies the sub-basins with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation zone, determines the water demand and available water supply of the soil and water conservation zone, establishes a water demand model and a water resources supply model for the soil and water conservation zone, constructs a water resources scheduling model in combination with scheduling rules, introduces the soil and water conservation factors as constraints into the water resources scheduling model, adjusts the available water supply and demand of the soil and water conservation zone according to the size of the soil and water conservation factors, and solves the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0009] (II) Technical solution

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a basin water scheduling method based on the uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Several monitoring stations are set up in different areas of the basin to monitor and collect soil and water conservation data in different areas of the basin, evaluate the soil and water conservation status of different areas in the basin through rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage, and calculate the soil and water conservation factor;

[0012] Collect and process basic data of the watershed, clarify the geographical scope and boundary lines of the watershed, set micro-watershed area thresholds, extract micro-watersheds and merge them into sub-watersheds, and classify sub-watersheds with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation zone based on characteristic parameters of soil and water conservation conditions;

[0013] Determine the water demand and water supply in the soil and water conservation area, establish the water demand model and water resources supply model of the soil and water conservation area, build a water resources scheduling model in combination with the scheduling rules, introduce the soil and water conservation factors as constraints into the water resources scheduling model, and adjust the water supply and demand in the soil and water conservation area according to the size of the soil and water conservation factors.

[0014] Furthermore, several monitoring stations are set up in different areas of the basin, including rainfall stations, runoff stations, soil erosion monitoring stations and vegetation coverage monitoring stations. Each monitoring station is equipped with high-precision sensors and data acquisition terminals to monitor and collect soil and water conservation data in different areas of the basin in real time. The soil and water conservation data include rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage data.

[0015] Furthermore, the soil and water conservation conditions in different areas of the basin were evaluated through rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage, and the soil and water conservation factor was calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, K represents the soil and water conservation factor, AE represents the soil erosion amount, α represents the empirical coefficient, P represents the rainfall, RC represents the runoff, and VC represents the vegetation coverage.

[0018] Furthermore, basic geographical data of the basin are collected, including digital elevation models, remote sensing images, administrative division maps, water system distribution maps and water conservancy project distribution vector maps. Based on the projection information and coordinate system of the digital elevation model, the remote sensing images are projected and converted to coordinate systems, and the remote sensing images are spatially aligned with the digital elevation model.

[0019] Furthermore, digital elevation model data and remote sensing images are used to identify the boundaries of different water flow directions around the basin, namely the watershed line, as the boundary of the basin, set the micro-basin area threshold, and use GIS software tools to automatically extract the micro-basin watershed and its corresponding channel. According to the natural watershed relationship, the micro-basins are gradually merged into sub-basins.

[0020] Furthermore, the characteristic parameters of the soil and water conservation status of all sub-basins are obtained, and the sub-basins with similar soil and water conservation characteristics are classified into the same soil and water conservation area by calculating the similarity between adjacent sub-basins. The similarity calculation formula is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, x im represents the observed value of the mth characteristic parameter of the ith sub-basin, represents the mean of the observed values ​​of all characteristic parameters of the ith sub-basin, x jmrepresents the observed value of the j-th sub-basin on the m-th characteristic parameter, represents the mean of the observed values ​​of all characteristic parameters of the j-th sub-basin, and M represents the number of observations.

[0023] Furthermore, the soil and water conservation factors of different soil and water conservation areas are obtained, and after linear normalization, the soil and water conservation factors are introduced into the water resources scheduling model as constraints. The water supply of each area is adjusted according to the size of the soil and water conservation factors. The water supply constraint expression is as follows:

[0024] A a ≤Aw_O a *K a *μ1

[0025] Among them, Aw a Aw_O represents the available water in the a-th soil and water conservation area. a represents the original water supply of the a-th soil and water conservation area, K a represents the soil and water conservation factor of the ath soil and water conservation zone, μ1 represents the adjustment parameter, 0<μ1<2.

[0026] Furthermore, the water demand of each area is adjusted according to the size of the soil and water conservation factor. The water demand constraint expression is as follows:

[0027] R a *K a *μ2≥Rw_O a

[0028] Among them, Rw a represents the water demand of the a-th soil and water conservation area, Rw_O a represents the original water demand of the a-th soil and water conservation area, K a represents the soil and water conservation factor of the ath soil and water conservation zone, μ2 represents the adjustment parameter, 0<μ2<2.

[0029] Furthermore, a set of soil and water conservation factor data arranged in time is obtained, recorded as (t1, K1), (t2, K2),…, (t N ,K N ), and the overall change of soil and water conservation factors is determined by calculating the slope. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, t n Indicates time, K n represents the soil and water conservation factor value at the corresponding time, n represents the time mark, n=1,2,…,N, N represents the number of time marks, β represents the slope;

[0032] When β>0, it is judged that the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall positive growth; when β<0, the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall negative growth, and the water scheduling plan is adjusted, including reducing the available water supply and increasing the water demand.

[0033] A watershed water dispatching system based on the uniform distribution of water resources in time and space, including: soil and water conservation status analysis module, watershed partition module, water resources dispatching and optimization module and dispatching scheme evaluation module, among which,

[0034] The soil and water conservation status analysis module sets up several monitoring stations in different areas of the basin to monitor and collect soil and water conservation data in different areas of the basin, evaluates the soil and water conservation status of different areas in the basin through rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage, and calculates the soil and water conservation factors;

[0035] The watershed zoning module collects and processes basic watershed data, clarifies the geographical scope and boundary lines of the watershed, sets micro-watershed area thresholds, extracts micro-watersheds and merges them into sub-watersheds, and classifies sub-watersheds with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation zone based on characteristic parameters of soil and water conservation conditions;

[0036] Water resource scheduling and optimization module, which determines the water demand and water supply of the soil and water conservation area, establishes the water demand model and water resource supply model of the soil and water conservation area, builds the water resource scheduling model in combination with the scheduling rules, introduces the soil and water conservation factor as a constraint condition into the water resource scheduling model, and adjusts the water supply and water demand of the soil and water conservation area according to the size of the soil and water conservation factor;

[0037] The scheduling scheme evaluation module compares the soil and water conservation factors of the same soil and water conservation area before and after the implementation of the water scheduling scheme, analyzes the changes in the soil and water conservation factors of each soil and water conservation area, and adjusts the water scheduling scheme when the soil and water conservation factor values ​​show an overall negative growth.

[0038] (III) Beneficial effects

[0039] The present invention provides a method and system for basin water scheduling based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] (1) The soil and water conservation data obtained through monitoring stations can provide accurate data support for water scheduling. These data include information such as rainfall and runoff that directly reflect the status of water resources. Indicators such as soil erosion and vegetation coverage in the soil and water conservation monitoring data can reflect the health of the ecological environment in the basin.

[0041] (2) By extracting micro-watersheds and merging them into sub-watersheds, watershed management units with clear boundaries and characteristics are formed. The soil and water conservation conditions in different areas of the watershed are evaluated, and sub-watersheds with similar soil and water conservation characteristics are identified, which helps to reduce errors in the scheduling process and improve the accuracy of scheduling.

[0042] (3) Introducing soil and water conservation factors as constraints into the water resources scheduling model can ensure that the needs of the ecological environment are fully considered during the scheduling process, reduce the negative impact of water resource development and utilization on the ecological environment, and ensure that the ecological flow of the river is met by adjusting the water supply and demand in the soil and water conservation area, thereby maintaining the health and stability of the river ecosystem.

[0043] (4) By comparing soil and water conservation factors, it is possible to identify areas where soil and water conservation measures are ineffective, and then formulate more precise soil and water conservation and management measures for these areas. For areas where the soil and water conservation factor values ​​are negative, the water scheduling plan can be adjusted to increase ecological water replenishment in these areas, promote vegetation restoration and soil improvement, and thus improve the overall soil and water conservation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the basin water dispatching method based on the temporal and spatial uniform distribution of water resources of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for dispatching water volume in a watershed based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the basin water dispatching system based on the uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 The present invention provides a method for basin water dispatching based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Set up several monitoring stations in different areas of the basin to monitor and collect soil and water conservation data in different areas of the basin, evaluate the soil and water conservation status of different areas in the basin through rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage, and calculate the soil and water conservation factor;

[0050] The step 1 includes the following contents:

[0051] Step 101: several monitoring stations are set up in different areas of the watershed, including rainfall stations, runoff stations, soil erosion monitoring stations and vegetation coverage monitoring stations. Each monitoring station is equipped with high-precision sensors and data acquisition terminals to monitor and collect soil and water conservation data in different areas of the watershed in real time. The soil and water conservation data include rainfall, runoff, soil erosion, vegetation coverage and other data;

[0052] Precipitation monitoring: Rainfall is monitored in real time using a rain gauge, and the data is transmitted to the data center through a data collection terminal; Runoff monitoring: Flow meters are set up in rivers or channels to monitor runoff in real time, and the data is transmitted to the data center; Soil erosion monitoring: Laser scanning, drone remote sensing and other technologies are used in combination with ground observations to monitor soil erosion with high precision and calculate the amount of soil erosion; Vegetation coverage monitoring: High-resolution satellite remote sensing images or drone aerial images are used in combination with ground surveys to calculate vegetation coverage;

[0053] Step 102: wireless communication technology (such as 4G / 5G, satellite communication, etc.) is used to transmit the collected data to the data center in real time. The monitoring data received by the data center is stored in the database after preprocessing, verification and cleaning;

[0054] Step 103: Evaluate the soil and water conservation status of different areas in the basin through rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage, and calculate the soil and water conservation factor. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, K represents the soil and water conservation factor, AE represents the soil erosion, α represents the empirical coefficient, P represents the rainfall, RC represents the runoff, and VC represents the vegetation coverage;

[0057] It should be noted that rainfall is one of the driving forces of soil erosion. In most cases, rainfall is positively correlated with soil erosion, that is, as rainfall increases, soil erosion tends to increase. Runoff is the part of rainfall that is converted into surface runoff. It is also positively correlated with soil erosion. The larger the runoff, the more rainfall is converted into runoff, thereby increasing the potential for soil erosion. Vegetation coverage has a significant inhibitory effect on soil erosion. The higher the vegetation coverage, the lower the soil erosion. Therefore, vegetation coverage is negatively correlated with soil erosion.

[0058] Soil erosion is a direct indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of soil and water conservation. Rainfall and runoff reflect the maximum amount of erosion that the soil may suffer without vegetation cover and any soil and water conservation measures. The ratio between soil erosion and rainfall and runoff reflects the relative degree of soil erosion. The smaller the ratio, the better the effectiveness of soil and water conservation. Vegetation coverage is used to adjust the above ratio to reflect the role of vegetation cover in reducing soil erosion.

[0059] When using, combine the contents of step 101 to step 103:

[0060] The soil and water conservation data obtained through monitoring stations can provide accurate data support for water scheduling. These data include information such as rainfall and runoff that directly reflect the status of water resources. Indicators such as soil erosion and vegetation coverage in the soil and water conservation monitoring data can reflect the health of the ecological environment in the basin.

[0061] Step 2: Collect and process the basic data of the watershed, clarify the geographical scope and boundary lines of the watershed, set the micro-watershed area threshold, extract the micro-watersheds and merge them into sub-watersheds, and classify the sub-watersheds with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation zone based on the characteristic parameters of soil and water conservation conditions;

[0062] The step 2 includes the following contents:

[0063] Step 201: Collect basin geographic basic data, including digital elevation models, remote sensing images, administrative division maps, water system distribution maps, and water conservancy project distribution vector maps, and check the accuracy, name, code, and integrity of the data;

[0064] Step 202: Based on the projection information and coordinate system of the digital elevation model, the remote sensing image is projected and the coordinate system is converted, and the remote sensing image and the digital elevation model are spatially registered to ensure that the remote sensing image and the DEM data have a good registration effect;

[0065] Step 203: Using the digital elevation model data and remote sensing images, identify the boundaries of different water flow directions around the basin, i.e., the watershed, as the boundary of the basin, specifically including:

[0066] S1: By calculating the water flow direction of each grid cell, the flow path of the water flow in the entire watershed is determined. Commonly used algorithms include the D8 algorithm (i.e., the maximum slope drop method) and the D∞ algorithm. By comparing the elevation values ​​of adjacent grid cells, the direction from which the water flows out of the current grid cell is determined;

[0067] S2: After determining the flow direction, calculate the cumulative flow of each grid cell. The cumulative flow represents the total amount of water flowing through the grid cell, which is an important basis for identifying the watershed and basin boundary.

[0068] S3: In the runoff accumulation matrix, find the points with zero runoff accumulation. These points are usually candidate points of the watershed. Connect the adjacent candidate points of the watershed to form a complete watershed. Combined with the remote sensing image data, calibrate and verify the watershed to ensure the accuracy of identification.

[0069] Step 204: Set a micro-watershed area threshold, use GIS software tools to automatically extract micro-watershed watersheds and their corresponding channels, and merge micro-watersheds into sub-watersheds step by step according to natural watershed relationships;

[0070] It should be noted that when setting the micro-watershed area threshold, the minimum area of ​​the micro-watershed can be set according to the complexity of the terrain, such as 0.1 to 1 km 2 , the sub-basin area is controlled within 30~50km 2 In special cases, it should not be less than 3km 2 or more than 100km 2 , natural water collection relationship mainly refers to the phenomenon of surface or groundwater gathering, flowing and concentrating under the action of natural forces (such as gravity, terrain slope, etc.) in nature and their mutual relationship;

[0071] Step 205: Acquire characteristic parameters of the soil and water conservation status of all sub-basins, which include indicators such as vegetation coverage, soil erosion, and soil and water loss. Preset a similarity threshold, and classify sub-basins with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation area by calculating the similarity between adjacent sub-basins. That is, adjacent sub-basins with similarity greater than the similarity threshold are considered to have similar soil and water conservation characteristics. The similarity calculation formula is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, x im represents the observed value of the mth characteristic parameter of the ith sub-basin, represents the mean of the observed values ​​of all characteristic parameters of the ith sub-basin, x jm represents the observed value of the j-th sub-basin on the m-th characteristic parameter, represents the mean of the observed values ​​of all characteristic parameters of the j-th sub-basin, and M represents the number of observed values;

[0074] It should be noted that the similarity r ij The value range is [-1,1], where 1 indicates a complete positive correlation, -1 indicates a complete negative correlation, and 0 indicates no linear correlation. When the similarity is greater than the preset threshold, it means that the two sub-basins are highly similar and have similar soil and water conservation characteristics.

[0075] When used, combine the contents of step 201 to step 205:

[0076] By extracting micro-watersheds and merging them into sub-watersheds, watershed management units with clear boundaries and characteristics are formed. The soil and water conservation conditions in different areas of the watershed are evaluated, and sub-watersheds with similar soil and water conservation characteristics are identified, which helps to reduce errors in the scheduling process and improve the accuracy of scheduling.

[0077] Step 3: Determine the water demand and water supply of the soil and water conservation area, establish the water demand model and water resources supply model of the soil and water conservation area, build a water resources scheduling model in combination with the scheduling rules, introduce the soil and water conservation factor as a constraint condition into the water resources scheduling model, and adjust the water supply and water demand of the soil and water conservation area according to the size of the soil and water conservation factor;

[0078] The step three includes the following contents:

[0079] Step 301: Obtain water resource supply and demand conditions and reservoir water storage data in historical years, and use linear programming, time series analysis and other methods based on historical data and future forecasts to determine the water demand and water supply of the soil and water conservation area, and establish a water demand model and water resource supply model for the soil and water conservation area;

[0080] Step 302: Formulate water resource scheduling rules according to scheduling objectives and constraints, including water use priorities and allocation ratios for each region and time period, use linear programming methods to build a water resource scheduling model, integrate the supply and demand model, scheduling rules, etc. into the scheduling model, and form a complete water resource scheduling model;

[0081] Step 303: Obtain the soil and water conservation factors of different soil and water conservation areas, introduce the soil and water conservation factors into the water resource scheduling model as constraints after linear normalization, and adjust the water supply of each area according to the size of the soil and water conservation factors. The water supply constraint expression is as follows:

[0082] A a ≤Aw_O a *K a *μ1

[0083] Among them, Aw a Aw_O represents the available water volume in the a-th soil and water conservation area. a represents the original water supply of the a-th soil and water conservation area, K a represents the soil and water conservation factor of the a-th soil and water conservation area, μ1 represents the adjustment parameter, 0<μ1<2;

[0084] It should be noted that for areas with lower K values, that is, areas with poor soil and water conservation conditions, the amount of water available can be appropriately reduced to protect the ecological environment and avoid further soil and water loss;

[0085] Similarly, the water demand of each area is adjusted according to the size of the soil and water conservation factor. The water demand constraint expression is as follows:

[0086] R a *K a *μ2≥Rw_O a

[0087] Among them, Rw a represents the water demand of the a-th soil and water conservation area, Rw_O a represents the original water demand of the a-th soil and water conservation area, K a represents the soil and water conservation factor of the a-th soil and water conservation area, μ2 represents the adjustment parameter, 0<μ2<2;

[0088] When used, combine the contents of step 301 to step 303:

[0089] Introducing soil and water conservation factors as constraints into the water resources scheduling model can ensure that the needs of the ecological environment are fully considered during the scheduling process, reduce the negative impact of water resources development and utilization on the ecological environment, and by adjusting the water supply and demand in the soil and water conservation area, ensure that the ecological flow of the river is met and maintain the health and stability of the river ecosystem.

[0090] Step 4: Compare the soil and water conservation factors of the same soil and water conservation area before and after the implementation of the water scheduling plan, analyze the changes in the soil and water conservation factors of each soil and water conservation area, and adjust the water scheduling plan when the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall negative growth.

[0091] The step 4 includes the following contents:

[0092] Step 401: Compare the soil and water conservation factors of the same soil and water conservation area before and after the implementation of the water scheduling plan, analyze the changes in the soil and water conservation factors of each soil and water conservation area, and obtain a set of soil and water conservation factor data arranged in time, recorded as (t1, K1), (t2, K2), …, (t N ,K N );

[0093] Step 402: Determine the overall change of the soil and water conservation factor by calculating the slope. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, t n Indicates time, K n represents the soil and water conservation factor value at the corresponding time, n represents the time mark, n=1,2,…,N, N represents the number of time marks, β represents the slope;

[0096] Step 403: When β>0, it can be determined that the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall positive growth, indicating that the scheme is helpful to enhance the soil and water conservation capacity;

[0097] When β<0, the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall negative growth, and the water scheduling plan is adjusted, including reducing the available water and increasing the required water;

[0098] It should be noted that the water supply is the amount of water that can be supplied to other areas, and the water demand is the amount of water supplied to the current area from other areas. When the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall negative growth, it means that the soil and water conservation situation in the area is deteriorating. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the water supply and increase the water demand until the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall positive growth or tends to be stable.

[0099] When used, combine the contents of step 401 to step 403:

[0100] By comparing soil and water conservation factors, we can identify areas where soil and water conservation measures are ineffective, and then formulate more precise soil and water conservation and management measures for these areas. For areas with negative growth in soil and water conservation factor values, we can adjust the water scheduling plan, increase ecological water replenishment in these areas, promote vegetation restoration and soil improvement, and thus improve the overall soil and water conservation effect.

[0101] See also Figure 3 The present invention also provides a watershed water scheduling system based on the uniform distribution of water resources in time and space, including: a soil and water conservation status analysis module, a watershed partitioning module, a water resources scheduling and optimization module, and a scheduling scheme evaluation module, wherein:

[0102] The soil and water conservation status analysis module sets up several monitoring stations in different areas of the basin to monitor and collect soil and water conservation data in different areas of the basin, evaluates the soil and water conservation status of different areas in the basin through rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage, and calculates the soil and water conservation factors;

[0103] The watershed zoning module collects and processes basic watershed data, clarifies the geographical scope and boundary lines of the watershed, sets micro-watershed area thresholds, extracts micro-watersheds and merges them into sub-watersheds, and classifies sub-watersheds with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation zone based on characteristic parameters of soil and water conservation conditions;

[0104] Water resource scheduling and optimization module, which determines the water demand and water supply of the soil and water conservation area, establishes the water demand model and water resource supply model of the soil and water conservation area, builds the water resource scheduling model in combination with the scheduling rules, introduces the soil and water conservation factor as a constraint condition into the water resource scheduling model, and adjusts the water supply and water demand of the soil and water conservation area according to the size of the soil and water conservation factor;

[0105] The scheduling scheme evaluation module compares the soil and water conservation factors of the same soil and water conservation area before and after the implementation of the water scheduling scheme, analyzes the changes in the soil and water conservation factors of each soil and water conservation area, and adjusts the water scheduling scheme when the soil and water conservation factor values ​​show an overall negative growth.

[0106] In the application, the several formulas involved are all calculated by removing dimensions and taking their numerical values. The formula is a formula of the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The coefficients in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0107] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. A person of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in combination with electronic hardware, computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0108] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0109] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A basin water dispatching method based on the uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Several monitoring stations are set up in different areas of the basin, including rainfall stations, runoff stations, soil erosion monitoring stations and vegetation coverage monitoring stations, to monitor and collect soil and water conservation data in different areas of the basin. The soil and water conservation data include rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage data. The soil and water conservation status in different areas of the basin is evaluated through rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage, and the soil and water conservation factors are calculated: Among them, K represents the soil and water conservation factor, AE represents the soil erosion, α represents the empirical coefficient, P represents the rainfall, RC represents the runoff, and VC represents the vegetation coverage; Collect and process basic data of the watershed, clarify the geographical scope and boundary lines of the watershed, set micro-watershed area thresholds, extract micro-watersheds and merge them into sub-watersheds, and classify sub-watersheds with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation zone based on characteristic parameters of soil and water conservation conditions; Determine the water demand and water supply in the soil and water conservation area, establish the water demand model and water resources supply model of the soil and water conservation area, build a water resources scheduling model in combination with the scheduling rules, introduce the soil and water conservation factor as a constraint condition into the water resources scheduling model, and adjust the water supply and water demand in the soil and water conservation area according to the size of the soil and water conservation factor; The water supply constraint expression is as follows: Yes a ≤Yes_O a *K a *μ1 Among them, Aw a Aw_O represents the available water in the a-th soil and water conservation area. a represents the original water supply of the a-th soil and water conservation area, K a represents the soil and water conservation factor of the a-th soil and water conservation area, μ1 represents the adjustment parameter, 0<μ1<2; The water demand constraint expression is as follows: Rw a *K a *μ2≥Rw_O a Among them, Rw a represents the water demand of the a-th soil and water conservation area, Rw_O a represents the original water demand of the a-th soil and water conservation area, K a represents the soil and water conservation factor of the a-th soil and water conservation area, μ2 represents the adjustment parameter, 0<μ2<2; The soil and water conservation factors of the same soil and water conservation area before and after the implementation of the water scheduling plan will be compared, and the changes in soil and water conservation factors of each soil and water conservation area will be analyzed. When the soil and water conservation factor values ​​show an overall negative growth, the water scheduling plan will be adjusted.

2. A basin water dispatching method based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: Collect basic geographic data of the basin, including digital elevation models and remote sensing images, use the projection information and coordinate system of the digital elevation model as a benchmark, perform projection changes and coordinate system conversion on the remote sensing images, and perform spatial alignment between the remote sensing images and the digital elevation model.

3. A basin water dispatching method based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources according to claim 2, characterized in that: Digital elevation model data and remote sensing images are used to identify the boundaries of different water flow directions around the basin, namely the watershed line, as the boundary of the basin, set the micro-basin area threshold, and use GIS software tools to automatically extract the micro-basin watershed and its corresponding channel. According to the natural watershed relationship, the micro-basin is gradually merged into sub-basins.

4. A basin water dispatching method based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources according to claim 3, characterized in that: The characteristic parameters of the soil and water conservation status of all sub-basins are obtained. By calculating the similarity between adjacent sub-basins, sub-basins with similar soil and water conservation characteristics are classified into the same soil and water conservation area. The similarity calculation formula is as follows: Among them, x im represents the observed value of the mth characteristic parameter of the ith sub-basin, represents the mean of the observed values ​​of all characteristic parameters of the ith sub-basin, x jm represents the observed value of the j-th sub-basin on the m-th characteristic parameter, represents the mean of the observed values ​​of all characteristic parameters of the j-th sub-basin, and M represents the number of observations.

5. A basin water dispatching method based on uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtain a set of soil and water conservation factor data arranged in time, recorded as (t1, K1), (t2, K2),…, (t N ,K N ), and the overall change of soil and water conservation factors is determined by calculating the slope. The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, t n Indicates time, K n represents the soil and water conservation factor value at the corresponding time, n represents the time mark, n=1,2,…,N, N represents the number of time marks, β represents the slope; When β>0, it is judged that the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall positive growth; when β<0, the soil and water conservation factor value shows an overall negative growth, and the water scheduling plan is adjusted, including reducing the available water supply and increasing the water demand.

6. A basin water dispatching system based on the uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, used to implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: The soil and water conservation status analysis module sets up several monitoring stations in different areas of the basin, including rainfall stations, runoff stations, soil erosion monitoring stations and vegetation coverage monitoring stations, to monitor and collect soil and water conservation data in different areas of the basin. The soil and water conservation data include rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage data. The soil and water conservation status of different areas in the basin is evaluated through rainfall, runoff, soil erosion and vegetation coverage, and the soil and water conservation factors are calculated: Among them, K represents the soil and water conservation factor, AE represents the soil erosion, α represents the empirical coefficient, P represents the rainfall, RC represents the runoff, and VC represents the vegetation coverage; The watershed zoning module collects and processes basic watershed data, clarifies the geographical scope and boundary lines of the watershed, sets micro-watershed area thresholds, extracts micro-watersheds and merges them into sub-watersheds, and classifies sub-watersheds with similar soil and water conservation characteristics into the same soil and water conservation zone based on characteristic parameters of soil and water conservation conditions; Water resource scheduling and optimization module, which determines the water demand and water supply of the soil and water conservation area, establishes the water demand model and water resource supply model of the soil and water conservation area, builds the water resource scheduling model in combination with the scheduling rules, introduces the soil and water conservation factor as a constraint condition into the water resource scheduling model, and adjusts the water supply and water demand of the soil and water conservation area according to the size of the soil and water conservation factor; The water supply constraint expression is as follows: Yes a ≤Yes_O a *K a *μ1 Among them, Aw a Aw_O represents the available water in the a-th soil and water conservation area. a represents the original water supply of the a-th soil and water conservation area, K a represents the soil and water conservation factor of the a-th soil and water conservation area, μ1 represents the adjustment parameter, 0<μ1<2; The water demand constraint expression is as follows: Rw a *K a *μ2≥Rw_O a Among them, Rw a represents the water demand of the a-th soil and water conservation area, Rw_O a represents the original water demand of the a-th soil and water conservation area, K a represents the soil and water conservation factor of the a-th soil and water conservation area, μ2 represents the adjustment parameter, 0<μ2<2; The scheduling scheme evaluation module compares the soil and water conservation factors of the same soil and water conservation area before and after the implementation of the water scheduling scheme, analyzes the changes in the soil and water conservation factors of each soil and water conservation area, and adjusts the water scheduling scheme when the soil and water conservation factor values ​​show an overall negative growth.

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