An ultra-wideband microstrip antenna

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of microstrip antenna technology and relates to an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna, comprising: a dielectric layer, a patch layer provided on the upper surface of the dielectric layer, and a floor layer provided on the lower surface of the dielectric layer; the patch layer comprises: a radiating patch and a microstrip line connected to the radiating patch; the radiating patch is a rectangular structure, provided with two symmetrical cross-shaped slots and two cross-ring-shaped auxiliary patches, the auxiliary patches corresponding one-to-one to the cross-shaped slots, and the auxiliary patches are spaced inside the corresponding cross-shaped slots; the inner and outer rings of the auxiliary patches are obtained by reducing the edges of the cross-shaped slots, and the reduction ratios of the two auxiliary patches are different. The present application can achieve ultra-wideband and improve the gain within the bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of microstrip antennas, and in particular to an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid advancement of modern communication technology, antenna design not only pursues wideband coverage, but also tends towards miniaturization and conformality, aiming to reduce radar cross section (RCS) and enhance platform flexibility and maneuverability.

[0003] In existing technologies, microstrip antennas can already achieve a relatively wide operating frequency band. However, their operating bandwidth is generally around 2-3 GHz, making it difficult to achieve ultra-wideband. Moreover, the gain within the operating frequency band is generally less than 3 dBi. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna to address the above technical problems, which can achieve ultra-wideband and improve the gain within the bandwidth.

[0005] An ultra-wideband microstrip antenna comprises: a dielectric layer, a patch layer arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer, and a floor layer arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric layer;

[0006] The patch layer includes: a radiation patch and a microstrip line connected to the radiation patch;

[0007] The radiation patch has a rectangular structure and is provided with two symmetrical cross-shaped grooves and two cross-ring-shaped auxiliary patches. The auxiliary patches correspond one-to-one to the cross-shaped grooves, and the auxiliary patches are spaced inside the corresponding cross-shaped grooves; the inner ring and outer ring of the auxiliary patch are obtained by reducing the edge of the cross-shaped groove, and the reduction ratios of the two auxiliary patches are different.

[0008] In one embodiment, the cross-shaped groove includes two rectangular structures, the aspect ratio of the rectangular structures is 2:1, and the two rectangular structures are vertically arranged with their midpoints coinciding.

[0009] In one embodiment, the width of the rectangular structure in the cross-shaped groove is the side length of the cross-shaped groove;

[0010] The ratio of the inner ring side length of one of the auxiliary patches, the outer ring side length of one of the auxiliary patches, and the side length of the corresponding cross-shaped groove is 3:6:10;

[0011] The ratio of the inner ring side length of another auxiliary patch, the outer ring side length of another auxiliary patch, and the side length of the corresponding cross-shaped groove is 1:4:10.

[0012] In one embodiment, the radiation patch is further provided with a circular groove;

[0013] The circular groove is arranged between the cross groove and the microstrip line, and the circular groove is arranged on a symmetry axis of the dielectric layer.

[0014] In one embodiment, the ratio of the radius of the circular groove to the side length of the cross-shaped groove is 2:3.

[0015] In one embodiment, the radiation patch is further provided with two triangular grooves;

[0016] The two triangular grooves are symmetrically arranged on the radiation patch near two corner ends of the microstrip line.

[0017] In one embodiment, the aspect ratio of the triangular groove is 3:2.

[0018] In one embodiment, the floor layer is a rectangular structure, three sides of the floor layer are collinear with three sides of the dielectric layer, and the floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line.

[0019] In one embodiment, the microstrip line is an isosceles trapezoidal structure;

[0020] The upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal structure is connected to the radiation patch, the lower base is connected to an edge of the dielectric layer, and the structure is arranged on a symmetry axis of the dielectric layer.

[0021] In one embodiment, the patch layer and the floor layer are both made of carbon fiber material.

[0022] The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna has a rectangular radiating patch with a cross-shaped slot and a cross-shaped auxiliary patch. The cross-shaped auxiliary patches are asymmetrically arranged within the two symmetrical cross-shaped slots, which can cleverly guide and change the current distribution path on the surface of the radiating patch. In particular, the current in the two cross-shaped structures is diverged in different directions, directly promoting the diversified distribution of the antenna resonance points, thereby giving the antenna a wider impedance bandwidth characteristic and ultra-wideband performance. Compared with narrowband antennas, it has a lower probability of mutual interference, making it easier to achieve low-interference and high-capacity communications in dense wireless communication environments and improving the gain within the bandwidth. At the same time, the antenna has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. It adopts the form of a microstrip patch antenna with a light overall weight, making the antenna structure single-sided, easy to manufacture, and able to achieve good conformal effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 is a top view of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to an embodiment;

[0025] Figure 3 is a side view of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to an embodiment;

[0026] Figure 4 is a dimensional diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 5 A partially enlarged view of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to an embodiment;

[0028] Figure 6 S is an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna in one embodiment. 11 Schematic diagram of the curve;

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a gain curve of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 8 1 is a radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna at 6 GHz in one embodiment, wherein (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern and (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern;

[0031] Figure 9 1 is a radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna at 12 GHz in one embodiment, wherein (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern and (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern;

[0032] Figure 10 1 is a radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna at 16 GHz in an embodiment, wherein (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern and (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern.

[0033] Reference numerals:

[0034] dielectric layer 1;

[0035] Patch layer 2, radiation patch 21, microstrip line 22, cross slot 23, auxiliary patch 24, circular slot 25, triangular slot 26;

[0036] Floor layer 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0039] In addition, the terms "first," "second," and so on, used in this application are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this application, "multiple groups" means at least two groups, such as two groups, three groups, and so on, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0040] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connect," "fix," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fix" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean internal communication between two elements or an interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0042] The present application provides an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in one embodiment, it includes: a dielectric layer, a patch layer and a floor layer.

[0043] The dielectric layer is a supporting layer, providing loading space for the patch layer and the floor layer.

[0044] The patch layer is located on the upper surface of the dielectric layer and includes a radiating patch and a microstrip line. The radiating patch is a rectangular structure with two cross-shaped slots and two cross-shaped auxiliary patches. The two cross-shaped slots are symmetrically arranged about the symmetry axis along the length of the dielectric layer. The two auxiliary patches correspond one-to-one with the two cross-shaped slots, and the auxiliary patches are spaced inside the corresponding cross-shaped slots. The inner and outer rings of the two auxiliary patches are obtained by reducing the edges of the cross-shaped slots, and the reduction ratios of the two auxiliary patches are different. The microstrip line is connected to the radiating patch to serve as a feed transmission line.

[0045] The floor layer is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric layer and serves as a grounding plate.

[0046] Preferably, the cross-shaped slot includes two rectangular structures, the aspect ratio of the rectangular structures is 2:1, and the two rectangular structures are vertically arranged with their midpoints overlapping, so as to further expand the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0047] Furthermore, preferably, the width of the rectangular structure in the cross-shaped slot is used as the side length of the cross-shaped slot; the ratio of the inner ring side length of one auxiliary patch, the outer ring side length of another auxiliary patch, and the corresponding side length of the cross-shaped slot is 3:6:10; and the ratio of the inner ring side length of another auxiliary patch, the outer ring side length of another auxiliary patch, and the corresponding side length of the cross-shaped slot is 1:4:10. This configuration can further expand the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0048] The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna has a rectangular radiating patch with a cross-shaped slot and a cross-shaped auxiliary patch. The cross-shaped auxiliary patches are asymmetrically arranged within the two symmetrical cross-shaped slots, which can cleverly guide and change the current distribution path on the surface of the radiating patch. In particular, the current in the two cross-shaped structures is diverged in different directions, directly promoting the diversified distribution of the antenna resonance points, thereby giving the antenna a wider impedance bandwidth characteristic and ultra-wideband performance. Compared with narrowband antennas, it has a lower probability of mutual interference, making it easier to achieve low-interference and high-capacity communications in dense wireless communication environments and improving the gain within the bandwidth. At the same time, the antenna has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. It adopts the form of a microstrip patch antenna with a light overall weight, making the antenna structure single-sided, easy to manufacture, and able to achieve good conformal effect.

[0049] In one embodiment, a circular groove is further provided on the radiation patch; the circular groove is provided between the cross groove and the microstrip line, and the circular groove is provided on a symmetry axis of the dielectric layer to further change the current distribution on the radiation surface and ensure the omnidirectionality of the antenna.

[0050] Preferably, the ratio of the radius of the circular slot to the side length of the cross-shaped slot is 2:3, so as to improve the gain of the antenna.

[0051] In one embodiment, two triangular grooves are further provided on the radiation patch; the two triangular grooves are symmetrically provided on the radiation patch near two corner ends of the microstrip line to further change the current distribution on the radiation surface.

[0052] Preferably, the aspect ratio of the right-angled sides in the triangular slot is 3:2, and the ratio of the long right-angled side of the triangular slot to the long side of the dielectric layer is 1:3, so as to improve the gain stability of the antenna.

[0053] In one embodiment, the floor layer is a rectangular structure, with three sides of the floor layer collinear with three sides of the dielectric layer (specifically, one long side of the floor layer overlaps with one short side of the dielectric layer, and the two short sides of the floor layer overlap with the two long sides of the dielectric layer), and the floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line. The floor layer adopts a defective ground structure (DGS), which not only reduces the overall weight and complexity of the antenna, but also further expands the antenna's S by regulating the electromagnetic field distribution on the floor. 11 The impedance bandwidth range under the condition of <-10dB significantly improves the broadband working performance of the antenna.

[0054] In one embodiment, the microstrip line is an isosceles trapezoidal structure, with its upper base connected to the radiating patch and its lower base connected to an edge of the dielectric layer. The structure is arranged along a symmetric axis of the dielectric layer. This configuration further optimizes energy transmission efficiency and impedance matching, laying a solid foundation for comprehensively improving antenna performance.

[0055] In one embodiment, the patch layer and the floor layer are both made of carbon fiber material, and the dielectric layer is made of non-metallic material (such as a mixture of E-glass fiber, epoxy resin and air, with a dielectric constant of typically 1.68 and a dielectric loss tanδ of 0.008).

[0056] Carbon fiber has become the preferred material in many fields due to its unique metal-like electrical conductivity and excellent physical properties. Under room temperature conditions, high modulus carbon fiber exhibits a strength of 7.75×10 -2 The low resistivity of Ω·m is slightly higher than that of high-strength carbon fiber, which is 1.5×10 -1 Ω·m; More importantly, carbon fiber can remain stable in extreme environments. Even when faced with temperatures of 3000°C and oxygen-free conditions, it remains indestructible, with no softening or melting. This characteristic has made carbon fiber shine in the field of composite material reinforcement, especially in the fields of military, aviation, aerospace, and onboard vehicles and satellites. Its application as a structural material and thermal protection material has greatly improved the performance and reliability of equipment. In addition, the conductive properties of carbon fiber also enable it to be used in heating elements and antistatic materials, showing diverse functional value. Specifically in the aerospace field, carbon fiber not only reduces the weight of components such as antennas, increases the payload and endurance of spacecraft, but also ensures the working efficiency of antennas under extreme conditions through its excellent thermal stability.

[0057] Preferably, both the patch layer and the floor layer are made of carbon-carbon composite material.

[0058] Carbon-carbon composites (CC composites) are carbon-based composites reinforced with carbon fibers and their fabrics. They feature low density (<2.0g / cm³), high strength, high specific modulus, excellent thermal conductivity, low coefficient of expansion, and superior thermal shock resistance and dimensional stability. These materials are a top choice for high-temperature environments (up to 2600°C), promising promising development prospects. CC composites are particularly well-suited for missile-borne antennas, critical communications components integrated into missiles. They facilitate information exchange and command control between the missile and ground or other control systems. Their performance directly impacts the efficiency and stability of the entire missile-borne communications system.

[0059] The above configuration makes the antenna resistant to high temperatures and can work for a long time in a high temperature environment without affecting the electromagnetic performance.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 5 The antenna dimensions shown are calculated using electromagnetic full-wave simulation software CST to simulate the antenna's structural parameters, S 11 The parameters, gain and radiation pattern are simulated, and the results are as follows Figures 6 to 10 shown.

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, the antenna's S 11 The parameters are all less than -10dB in the range of 4.45GHz-14.74GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 107.24%, the reflection coefficient is relatively low and maintains good impedance matching, proving that the antenna has ultra-wideband characteristics.

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the antenna gain is higher than 3.5dBi in the 12GHz-14GHz frequency band, and the peak gain can reach 4.68dBi, proving that the antenna can effectively transmit signals.

[0063] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown in the figure, at low frequencies, the antenna's radiation pattern on the E plane is shaped like an "8," while the radiation pattern on the H plane is circular. At high frequencies, the radiation pattern on the E plane remains shaped like an "8," while the radiation pattern on the H plane is nearly circular. This demonstrates the antenna's excellent omnidirectionality, allowing it to transmit and receive signals in all directions.

[0064] In summary, the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of the present application has ultra-wideband performance, a relative bandwidth of 107.24%, and a gain greater than 3.5dBi in the 12GHz-14GHz frequency band. It has good radiation characteristics and realizes ultra-wideband radiation. Compared with the microstrip antennas with limited bandwidth and relatively low gain in the prior art, especially some traditional RF antennas, it has great advantages. At the same time, the antenna has a simple structure, is easy to process and manufacture, has a small size, and has a light overall weight, which realizes the miniaturization of the antenna, has a low manufacturing cost, is easy to conformally integrate, and has a good conformal effect. In addition, the antenna has excellent high temperature resistance, which can solve the problem that ordinary antennas cannot work for a long time in high temperature environments, and its conductive performance is not inferior to that of common metal conductors. Its conductivity is 1.25×10 5 S / m, can withstand high temperatures of 1000°C under normal conditions, and has strong rigidity, pressure resistance, and is not easy to deform, allowing the antenna to maximize radiation performance while maintaining high temperature resistance, ensuring long-term stable operation of the antenna in high-temperature oxygen environments. It should also be noted that this application can achieve wide-band omnidirectional radiation in a small space, and is particularly suitable for missile-borne antennas and other missile weapon equipment, especially in combat scenarios that require conformal antennas. It can be used in conjunction with a variety of satellite navigation receivers for positioning and measurement of high-speed moving carriers, such as mortar shells, rockets, etc., and can effectively meet users' urgent demand for high-performance missile-borne antennas in the field of remote control and measurement.

[0065] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0066] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0067] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband microstrip antenna, characterized in that: include: A dielectric layer, a patch layer provided on the upper surface of the dielectric layer, and a floor layer provided on the lower surface of the dielectric layer; The patch layer includes: a radiation patch and a microstrip line connected to the radiation patch; The radiating patch is a rectangular structure, provided with two symmetrical cross-shaped slots and two cross-shaped auxiliary patches. The auxiliary patches correspond one to one with the cross-shaped slots, and the auxiliary patches are spaced inside the corresponding cross-shaped slots. The inner and outer rings of the auxiliary patches are obtained by reducing the edges of the cross-shaped slots, and the reduction ratios of the two auxiliary patches are different. The cross-shaped groove includes two rectangular structures, the aspect ratio of the rectangular structures is 2:1, and the two rectangular structures are arranged vertically with their midpoints coinciding; The width of the rectangular structure in the cross-shaped groove is the side length of the cross-shaped groove; The ratio of the inner ring side length of one of the auxiliary patches, the outer ring side length of one of the auxiliary patches, and the side length of the corresponding cross-shaped groove is 3:6:10; The ratio of the inner ring side length of another auxiliary patch, the outer ring side length of another auxiliary patch, and the side length of the corresponding cross-shaped groove is 1:4:

10.

2. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The radiation patch is also provided with a circular groove; The circular groove is arranged between the cross groove and the microstrip line, and the circular groove is arranged on a symmetry axis of the dielectric layer.

3. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratio of the radius of the circular groove to the side length of the cross-shaped groove is 2:

3.

4. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The radiation patch is also provided with two triangular grooves; The two triangular grooves are symmetrically arranged on the radiation patch near two corner ends of the microstrip line.

5. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length-to-width ratio of the triangular groove is 3:

2.

6. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The floor layer is a rectangular structure, three sides of the floor layer are collinear with three sides of the dielectric layer, and the floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line.

7. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The microstrip line is an isosceles trapezoidal structure; The upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal structure is connected to the radiation patch, the lower base is connected to an edge of the dielectric layer, and the structure is arranged on a symmetry axis of the dielectric layer.

8. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The patch layer and the floor layer are both made of carbon fiber material.

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