An assisted positioning system and a profiling header

Abstract

The application provides an auxiliary positioning system and a profiling cutterbar, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and comprises a connecting rod type profiling device, a floating tension spring adjusting device, an auxiliary positioning system, a cutter angle self-adaptive adjusting device and a drag reduction sliding shoe device. The application can realize self-adaptive floating profiling and automatic positioning of the cutterbar to the ground, has a cutter inclination angle self-adaptive adjusting function, can realize the ground profiling of the existing alfalfa harvester cutterbar, solves the problems of cutter entering the soil, uneven stubble, large power consumption and poor feed quality during the operation of the harvester, and saves the cost. The connecting rod type profiling cutterbar utilizes the kinematic characteristics of the connecting rod mechanism, is beneficial to the ground following profiling and positioning of the cutterbar, reduces the forward resistance, can reduce the cutting height, reduce the crop loss, ensure the stability of the cutting height, prevent the cutter from touching the soil, and improve the adaptability of the mower to the operation terrain.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to an auxiliary positioning system and a profiling mowing platform and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. BACKGROUND

[0002] Alfalfa is considered to be the most important forage crop in the world, and alfalfa forage is a high-quality feed source for cattle and sheep. A self-propelled alfalfa harvester is one of important high-end agricultural equipment for the mechanized harvesting of alfalfa forage. With more and more attention paid to the development of animal husbandry, the alfalfa industry has ushered in a historic development opportunity, and the self-propelled alfalfa harvester will have a broad development prospect. The profiling system is crucial to the normal work of the harvester, and the research of manufacturers on the profiling system is mainly on mechanical structures, and there are problems such as poor profiling effect, low efficiency, high energy consumption, poor adaptability to the ground and the like.

[0003] Therefore, the development of the self-propelled alfalfa harvester can effectively alleviate the contradiction between the rapid development of the alfalfa planting industry in recent years and the shortage of harvesting machinery, and the mowing platform profiling is an important function in the operation process of the alfalfa harvester and is closely related to the harvesting efficiency and forage quality. The four-bar linkage mechanism is a kind of suspension mechanism commonly used in front-mounted mowing machines and can realize the free rotation of the cutting part in the vertical range. The existing mowing platform profiling is realized through the four-bar linkage mechanism, and is passively controlled by a mechanical spring. The mechanical spring provides additional support for the mowing platform, thereby ensuring the profiling effect of the mowing platform. The existing harvesting machinery mowing platform has problems such as slow resetting after profiling, large forward resistance, high energy consumption and the like, and has a high stubble height. Therefore, the application discloses an auxiliary positioning system and a profiling mowing platform. The auxiliary positioning system is arranged on the basis of the linkage profiling mechanism and can ensure the positioning of the working height of the mowing platform and facilitate the profiling of the mowing platform. The cutting tool angle self-adaptive adjusting device can ensure the consistency of the cutting height of the cutting tool on the undulating road surface. The wedge-shaped wave-shaped slide shoe can reduce the earth pressure and sliding resistance of the mowing platform during forward movement, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the whole machine and improving the operation efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the application discloses an auxiliary positioning system and a profiling mowing platform. The application has the advantages of simple structure, reliable work, economy, low cost, good profiling performance, low stubble height, good uniformity of the stubble height, low energy consumption, small damage to the soil and vegetation, prevention of the cutting tool from touching the soil, fast response to the terrain undulation, accurate and effective adjustment of the tool holder inclination angle according to the operation conditions, and the like. The application solves the problems of high stubble height, uneven stubble height, cutting tool entering the soil, low efficiency and high energy consumption in the harvesting process of alfalfa forage.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: the present application provides an auxiliary positioning system and a profiling cutterbar, which comprises a connecting rod type profiling device I, a floating tension spring adjusting device II, an auxiliary positioning system III, a cutterbar angle self-adaptive adjusting device IV, and a resistance reducing sliding palm device V.

[0006] The connecting rod type profiling device I is used for adjusting the working height and cutting effect of the cutterbar 26 when the harvester works on uneven ground; the floating tension spring adjusting device II is used for reducing the pressure of the cutterbar 26 on the ground; the auxiliary positioning system III is used for adjusting the lifting of the cutterbar 26 and realizing the auxiliary positioning of the cutterbar 26; the cutterbar angle self-adaptive adjusting device IV is used for ensuring the stability of the ground clamping angle of the cutterbar; and the resistance reducing sliding palm device V is used for reducing the forward resistance of the harvester during working.

[0007] As a further scheme of the present application, the connecting rod type profiling device I adopts a four connecting rod profiling device, which comprises a lower hinged frame 1, a main suspension frame 2, an upper hinged frame 4, a side connecting frame 7, a central connecting frame 8, a support beam 9, a hydraulic motor 11, a hydraulic motor support seat 12, a connecting rod universal coupling 13, a rear hinge fixing seat 14, a support fixed plate 15, and a support side plate 16; the side connecting frame 7 and the central connecting frame 8 are welded on the support beam 9; the lower hinged frame 1 and the upper hinged frame 4 are hinged with the side connecting frame 7 and the central connecting frame 8 respectively through rivets; the lower hinged frame 1 and the upper hinged frame 4 are also hinged with the main suspension frame 2 respectively; the hydraulic motor support seat 12 is welded on the main suspension frame 2, and a through hole is formed in the seat, and four hydraulic motor support seat mounting holes are uniformly distributed on the edge of the seat, the hydraulic motor support seat mounting holes are connected with the hydraulic motor 11 on the hydraulic motor support seat 12, the connecting rod universal coupling 13 is connected on the power output shaft of the hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor 11 outputs power to the cutterbar through the connecting rod universal coupling 13, the upper cutterbar transmission shaft and the reversing gear box; the rear hinge fixing seat 14 is welded on the main suspension frame 2, and four mounting holes are uniformly distributed on the edge of the seat, the support fixed plate 15 is fixed on the rear hinge fixing seat 14 through the mounting holes; a through hole is formed in the support fixed plate 15; and the support side plate 16 is installed on the main suspension frame 2.

[0008] As a further scheme of the present application, the floating tension spring adjusting device II comprises a floating tension spring 3, a guide shaft 5, a rod end joint bearing 6, and a lifting eye screw 10; the rod end joint bearing 6 is hinged to the side connecting frame 7 through a pin shaft at the bearing end, and is threadedly connected to the rear end of the guide shaft 5 at the threaded end; the main body of the guide shaft 5 is a thin-walled pipe with a middle hole, and the two shaft ends are provided with inner threaded holes corresponding to the threaded end of the rod end joint bearing 6 and the threaded end of the lifting eye screw 10; the front end of the guide shaft 5 is threadedly connected to the lifting eye screw 10, and the connection is prevented from loosening by arranging a lock nut; the length of the threaded connection of the lifting eye screw 10 and the guide shaft 5 is adjusted, the working length of the floating tension spring 3 is changed, and the ground supporting force borne by the header 26 is adjusted; the lifting eye screw 10 is provided with a lifting eye and a threaded rod at the front end and the rear end respectively; the rear end of the floating tension spring 3 is hung to the lifting eye, and the front end is hung to the pin shaft at the hanging lug of the lower hinged frame 1; the two ends of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder are hinged to the upper hinged frame 4 and the central connecting frame 8; when the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 27 is contracted, the header enters the working state, and the floating tension spring 3 is stretched under the action of the gravity of the header; at this time, the floating tension spring 3 generates an oblique upward pulling force on the header 26, the ground supporting force borne by the reducing and sliding shoe is reduced, the profiling capability of the header 26 on uneven road surface is improved, the damage to the soil structure and the surface vegetation by the lower surface of the reducing and sliding shoe is reduced, the ground sliding resistance borne by the header 26 when advancing is reduced, the engine oil consumption is reduced, and the engine efficiency is improved.

[0009] As a further scheme of the present application, the auxiliary positioning system III comprises a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31, an accumulator one 29, an accumulator two 32, a one-way valve one 28, a throttle valve one 44, a pressure reducing valve one 43, an overflow valve one 42, a one-way valve two 34, a one-way valve three 33, a throttle valve two 37, a pressure reducing valve two 37, an overflow valve two 36, a two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 38, a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 41, a main overflow valve 39, a hydraulic oil gauge 30, and a hydraulic pump 40; the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 is a single-rod hydraulic cylinder, the rodless cavity of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 is connected to the oil outlet of the hydraulic oil gauge 30, the accumulator one 29, and the one-way valve one 28, the oil inlet of the one-way valve one 28 is connected to the oil outlet of the throttle valve one 44, the oil inlet of the throttle valve one 44 is connected to the oil outlet of the pressure reducing valve one 43, the oil inlet of the pressure reducing valve one 43 is connected to the working oil port A of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 41, the oil inlet of the overflow valve one 42 is connected to the oil outlet of the one-way valve one 28, and the oil outlet of the overflow valve one 42 is connected to the working oil port A of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 41; the oil outlet of the throttle valve one 44 is connected to the pilot oil way of the pressure reducing valve one 43, thereby forming a flow control oil way one, and the overflow valve one 42 is a low-pressure overflow valve;

[0010] The outlet of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 is connected to the inlet of the accumulator 32, the inlet of the one-way valve 33, the outlet of the one-way valve 34, and the inlet of the overflow valve 36. The outlet of the one-way valve 34 is connected to the outlet of the throttle valve 35, and the outlet of the throttle valve 35 is connected to the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 37. The inlet of the pressure reducing valve 37 is connected to the working oil port B of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41, the outlet of the one-way valve 33 is connected to the working oil port B of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41, the outlet of the throttle valve 35 is connected to the pilot oil port of the pressure reducing valve 37, and the overflow valve 36 is a high-pressure overflow valve.

[0011] The inlet P of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41 is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump 40 and the inlet of the main overflow valve 39. The return port T of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41, the inlet of the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve 38, and the outlet of the main overflow valve 39 are connected to the oil tank.

[0012] When the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve is in the left position, the hydraulic pump inputs oil to the rodless chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic rod extends outward, and the cutter platform is pushed up. When the cutter platform reaches the target position, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is in the middle position, and the cutter platform is stable at the target height.

[0013] When the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve is in the right position, the hydraulic pump inputs oil to the rod chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder through the pressure reducing valve, the hydraulic cylinder contracts, and the cutter platform is pulled down. When the cutter platform reaches the working height, the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve is in the middle position, and the double-acting hydraulic cylinder forms a closed oil circuit with the accumulator 1 and the accumulator 2.

[0014] When the mower encounters a convex gentle slope, the four-bar linkage profile mechanism moves upward under the action of the ground support force, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder is stretched, and the accumulator 2 absorbs the oil released from the rod chamber. When the cutter platform completes the profiling action, the air pressure in the accumulator is used to press the oil into the rod chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, so that the cutter platform returns to its original position after the profiling action. When the mower encounters a concave gentle slope, the four-bar linkage profile mechanism compresses the double-acting hydraulic cylinder under the action of the cutter platform gravity. At this time, the accumulator 1 absorbs the oil released from the rod chamber. When passing through the concave part, the ground support force makes the cutter platform rise and complete the return.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present application, the cutting tool angle self-adaptive adjusting device IV comprises a sliding palm suspension 17, a limiting sleeve 18, a floating compression spring 19, a movable sliding block 20 and a sliding palm support 21; the rear end of the sliding palm suspension 17 is provided with a support plate and a bearing side plate, which are welded on the bearing side plate 16 of the connecting rod type profiling device I; the front end of the sliding palm suspension 17 is provided with a hinged support frame, and the movable sliding block 20 is hinged to the sliding palm suspension 17 through a rivet; the limiting sleeve 18 is welded on the upper end of the sliding palm suspension 17, and the limiting sleeve 18 is sleeved on the rod structure of the movable sliding block 20; the floating compression spring 19 is fixedly connected at both ends to the movable sliding block 20 and the limiting sleeve 18 respectively;

[0016] When the cutting platform 26 performs the profiling action, if the included angle between the cutter head and the ground deviates from the set angle, the cutting platform 26 can rotate together with the sliding palm around the sliding palm suspension 17 to make the included angle between the cutter blade on the cutter head and the ground return to the set value, so as to prevent the cutting tool from entering the soil and ensure the consistency of the stubble height.

[0017] As a further scheme of the present application, the resistance reducing sliding palm device V comprises a rear fixed frame 22, a wave-shaped plate 23, a wedge-shaped plate 24 and an upper cover plate 25; the rear fixed frame 22 is welded on the lower end of the sliding palm support 21, the rear end of the wave-shaped plate 23 is welded with the front end of the rear fixed frame 22, the rear end of the wedge-shaped plate 24 is welded with the front end of the wave-shaped plate 23, the front end of the upper cover plate 25 is welded with the front end of the wedge-shaped plate 24, and the rear end of the upper cover plate 25 is welded with the cutting platform 26.

[0018] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present application provides an auxiliary positioning system and a profiling cutting platform, which is designed based on the movement law of the connecting rod mechanism and the biological movement characteristics of earthworms in the soil, and is simulated and optimized based on the existing flat sliding palm.

[0020] The cutting platform is movably connected to the harvester main body through the connecting rod type profiling mechanism, so that the cutting platform can rotate in the vertical plane, and when the cultivated ground is high, the cutting platform is lifted upward, and vice versa.

[0021] The double-acting hydraulic cylinder is contracted, the cutting platform enters the working state, the floating tension spring is stretched under the action of the gravity of the cutting platform, at this time, the floating tension spring generates an oblique tension on the cutting platform, reduces the ground support force received by the sliding palm, improves the profiling capability of the cutting platform on uneven road surface, reduces the damage of the sliding palm lower contact surface to the soil structure and the ground stubble, reduces the ground sliding friction resistance when the cutting platform advances, and reduces the engine oil consumption.

[0022] The cutting knife angle self-adaptive adjusting device can make the cutting knife rotate around the supporting side plate driven by the cutting table. When profiling on the cutting table, the cutting knife angle increases, and when profiling under the cutting table, the cutting knife angle decreases, so as to ensure the stability of the angle between the cutting knife and the ground, prevent the cutting knife from entering the soil, and keep the cutting height consistent.

[0023] The integral wave-shaped sliding shoe can increase the ground contact area of the cutting table, reduce the pressure on the ground under the same conditions, reduce the sinking depth of the cutting table on the soil surface, thereby reducing the work of overcoming the bulldozing resistance during the operation of the harvester, and reducing the overall energy consumption. The wave-shaped sliding shoe structure simulates the surface morphology characteristics of earthworms, which can reduce the contact area between the sliding shoe and the soil during profiling, reduce the sliding resistance generated by the movement of the soil relative to the sliding shoe, and simultaneously the wave-shaped sliding shoe can exert periodic external force on the soil along the normal direction of the contact surface, so that the soil is subjected to micro-vibration, the soil block structure is destroyed, soil adhesion is prevented, and resistance reduction is achieved.

[0024] The present application has the advantages of simple structure, reliable work, economic saving, low cost, good profiling performance, low stubble height, good uniformity of stubble height, low energy consumption, small damage to soil and vegetation, prevention of cutting knife contact with soil, fast response to terrain changes, accurate and effective adjustment of cutter tilt angle according to operating conditions, solution to the problems of high stubble height, uneven stubble height, cutting knife entering the soil, low efficiency and high energy consumption during alfalfa forage harvesting, overall saving of consumables and cost, provision of favorable conditions for high-quality and efficient forage harvesting, great reduction of cost and operation time, improvement of efficiency, good economic and social benefits, and wide market prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is the front view of the auxiliary positioning system and the profiling cutting table of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 is the axonometric view of the auxiliary positioning system and the profiling cutting table of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is the axonometric view of the connecting rod type profiling device of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 is the front view of the connecting rod type profiling device of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 is the hydraulic principle diagram of the auxiliary positioning system of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 is the front view of the cutting knife angle self-adaptive adjusting device and the drag-reducing sliding shoe decoration of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 is the cutting table mechanism axonometric view of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of three working states of the auxiliary positioning system and the profiled cutting platform of the present application;

[0033] Figures 1-7 In the figure, 1 is a lower hinged frame, 2 is a main suspension, 3 is a floating tension spring, 4 is an upper hinged frame, 5 is a guide shaft, 6 is a rod end joint bearing, 7 is a side connecting frame, 8 is a central connecting frame, 9 is a support beam, 10 is a lifting eye screw, 11 is a hydraulic motor, 12 is a hydraulic motor support seat, 13 is a connecting rod universal joint, 14 is a rear hinged fixing seat, 15 is a support fixing plate, 16 is a support side plate, 17 is a sliding palm suspension, 18 is a limiting sleeve, 19 is a floating compression spring, 20 is a movable sliding block, 21 is a sliding palm support, 22 is a rear fixing frame, 23 is a wave-shaped plate, 24 is a wedge-shaped plate, 25 is an upper cover plate, 26 is a cutting platform, 27 is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, 28 is a one-way valve one, 29 is an accumulator one, 30 is a hydraulic oil gauge, 31 is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, 32 is an accumulator two, 33 is a one-way valve two, 34 is a one-way valve three, 35 is a throttle valve two, 36 is an overflow valve two, 37 is a pressure reducing valve two, 38 is a two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve, 39 is a main overflow valve, 40 is a hydraulic pump, 41 is a three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve, 42 is an overflow valve one, 43 is a pressure reducing valve one, and 44 is a throttle valve one. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific examples.

[0035] Example 1: As shown in the figure, the present application provides an auxiliary positioning system and a profiled cutting platform, which comprises a connecting rod type profiling device I, a floating tension spring adjusting device II, an auxiliary positioning system III, a cutting tool angle self-adaptive adjusting device IV, and a resistance reducing sliding palm device V. Figures 1-8 The connecting rod type profiling device I is installed on the support beam 9, and is used to adjust the working height and cutting effect of the cutting platform 26 when the harvester is working on uneven ground. The floating tension spring adjusting device II is installed between the lower hinged frame 1 and the support beam 9, and is used to reduce the ground pressure of the cutting platform 26. The auxiliary positioning system III is installed between the support frame 10 and the upper hinged frame 4, and is used to adjust the lifting of the cutting platform 26 and realize the auxiliary positioning of the cutting platform 26. The cutting tool angle self-adaptive adjusting device IV is installed on the support side plate 16, and is used to ensure the stability of the ground clamping angle of the cutting platform. The resistance reducing sliding palm device V is welded at one end of the lower end of the support side plate 16, and is connected at the other end with the bottom of the cutting platform 26, and is used to reduce the forward resistance of the harvester during operation.

[0036]

[0037] ​The connecting rod type profiling device I adopts four connecting rod profiling device, including lower hinged frame 1, main suspension 2, upper hinged frame 4, side connecting frame 7, central connecting frame 8, support beam 9, hydraulic motor 11, hydraulic motor support seat 12, connecting rod universal coupling 13, rear hinge fixing seat 14, support fixed plate 15, support side plate 16, the side connecting frame 7, central suspension 8 are welded on the support beam 9, the lower hinged frame 1, upper hinged frame 4 are hinged with side connecting frame 7, central connecting frame 8 respectively through rivets, the lower hinged frame 1, upper hinged frame 4 are also hinged with main suspension 2 respectively, the hydraulic motor support seat 12 is welded on the main suspension 2, the seat is provided with through hole, and the seat is uniformly provided with four hydraulic motor support seat mounting holes, the hydraulic motor support seat mounting hole connects the hydraulic motor 11 on the hydraulic motor support seat 12, the connecting rod universal coupling 13 is connected on the hydraulic motor power output shaft, the hydraulic motor 11 outputs power to the cutter head through connecting rod universal coupling 13, upper cutter head transmission shaft and reversing gear box, the rear hinge fixing seat 14 is welded on the main suspension 2, the seat is uniformly provided with four mounting holes, the support fixed plate 15 is fixed on the rear hinge fixing seat 14 through the mounting hole, the support fixed plate 15 is provided with through hole on the seat, the support side plate 16 is installed on the main suspension 2,

[0038] The cutter head 26 is hung on the support beam 9 of the harvester through the connecting rod type profiling device I, so that the cutter head 26 can rotate in the vertical plane, when the operation meets the convex gentle slope, the cutter head 26 is lifted upward, when the operation meets the concave gentle slope, the cutter head 26 is lowered, the hydraulic motor 11 is separated from the cutter head 26, so that the weight of the cutter head 26 is reduced, the damage to the ground vegetation is reduced, the sensitivity of the profiling system is improved, the connecting rod type profiling mechanism is designed, so that the height change of the cutter head 26 in the vertical direction can also change the elevation angle between the cutter head and the horizontal plane, when the cutter head 26 is profiled, the elevation angle is increased, when the cutter head 26 is profiled downward, the elevation angle is reduced, so that the cutter simultaneously performs plane motion and rotary motion, the consistency of the cutting direction of the cutter and the ground curve is realized, so that the cutter can be prevented from touching the ground when profiling upward, and the stubble height is too high when profiling downward.

[0039] As Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the floating tension spring adjusting device II includes floating tension spring 3, guide shaft 5, rod end joint bearing 6, eye bolt 10; the bearing end of the rod end joint bearing 6 is hinged with side connecting frame 7 through a pin shaft, and the threaded end is threadedly connected with the rear end of the guide shaft 5; the main body of the guide shaft 5 is a middle-through thin-walled pipe, both shaft ends are provided with inner threaded holes corresponding to the threaded end of the rod end joint bearing 6 and the threaded end of the eye bolt 10, the front end of the guide shaft 5 is threadedly connected with the eye bolt 10, the connection is prevented from loosening through the arrangement of a lock nut, the working length of the floating tension spring 3 is changed by adjusting the length of the threaded connection of the eye bolt 10 and the guide shaft 5, and the ground supporting force borne by the header 26 is adjusted; the eye bolt 10 is provided with an eye and a threaded rod at the front and rear ends respectively; the rear end of the floating tension spring 3 is hung with the eye, and the front end is hung on the pin shaft at the lug of the lower hinged frame 1; both ends of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder are hinged with the upper hinged frame 4 and the central connecting frame 8, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 27 is contracted, the header enters the working state, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder is in the elongated state in the normal state, the header is lifted up, and it is convenient for shifting and transporting. When the machine reaches the alfalfa field, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder is contracted, the header is lowered down, the bottom of the header is in contact with the ground, the floating tension spring 3 is stretched under the action of the gravity of the header, at this time, the floating tension spring 3 generates an oblique upward pulling force on the header 26, the ground supporting force borne by the reducing and sliding shoe is reduced, the profiling capability of the header 26 on uneven road surface is improved, the damage of the lower surface of the reducing and sliding shoe to the soil structure and the ground vegetation is reduced, the ground sliding resistance borne by the header 26 when advancing is reduced, the engine oil consumption is reduced, and the engine efficiency is improved.

[0040] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, the auxiliary positioning system III includes double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31, accumulator one 29, accumulator two 32, one-way valve one 28, throttle valve one 44, pressure reducing valve one 43, overflow valve one 42, one-way valve two 34, one-way valve three 33, throttle valve two 37, pressure reducing valve two 37, overflow valve two 36, two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 38, three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 41, main overflow valve 39, hydraulic oil table 30, hydraulic pump 40; the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 is a single-rod hydraulic cylinder, the rodless cavity of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 is connected with the oil outlet of the hydraulic oil table 30, the accumulator one 29 and the one-way valve one 28, the oil inlet of the one-way valve one 28 is connected to the oil outlet of the throttle valve one 44, the oil inlet of the throttle valve one 44 is connected to the oil outlet of the pressure reducing valve one 43, the oil inlet of the pressure reducing valve one 43 is connected to the working oil port A of the three-position four-way reversing valve 41, the oil inlet of the overflow valve one 42 is connected to the oil outlet of the one-way valve one 28, and the oil outlet of the overflow valve one 42 is connected to the working oil port A of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 41; the oil outlet of the throttle valve one 44 is connected to the pilot oil way of the pressure reducing valve one 43, thereby constituting a flow control oil way one, and the overflow valve one 42 is a low-pressure overflow valve;

[0041] The outlet of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 is connected to the inlet of the accumulator 32, the inlet of the one-way valve 33, the outlet of the one-way valve 34, and the inlet of the overflow valve 36. The outlet of the one-way valve 34 is connected to the outlet of the throttle valve 35, and the outlet of the throttle valve 35 is connected to the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 37. The inlet of the pressure reducing valve 37 is connected to the working oil port B of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41, and the outlet of the one-way valve 33 is connected to the working oil port B of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41. The outlet of the throttle valve 35 is connected to the pilot oil port of the pressure reducing valve 37, forming a flow control oil circuit 2. The overflow valve 36 is a high-pressure overflow valve.

[0042] The inlet of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41 is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump 40 and the inlet of the main overflow valve 39. The return port T of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41, the inlet of the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve 38, and the outlet of the main overflow valve 39 are connected to the oil tank.

[0043] When the mower is performing a field change operation, the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41 is in the left position, and the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve 38 is in the left position. The high-pressure oil output by the hydraulic pump 40 enters the accumulator 29 through the flow control oil circuit 1, charging the accumulator, and simultaneously enters the rodless chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31, causing the cutter to lift. The oil in the rod chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 flows to the oil tank through the one-way valve 33 and the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41. When the cutter reaches the target height, the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41 is in the middle position, and the cutter remains stable.

[0044] When the mower is performing a harvesting operation, the cutter is first lowered. The three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 41 is in the right position, and the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve 38 is in the left position. The high-pressure oil output by the hydraulic pump 40 enters the accumulator 32 through the flow control oil circuit 2, charging the accumulator, and simultaneously enters the rod chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31, causing the cutter to lower. The oil in the rodless chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 flows back to the oil tank through the overflow valve 42, keeping the oil pressure in the rodless chamber low. When the cutter touches the ground, the rod chamber oil is unloaded. The two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve 38 is in the right position, the high-pressure oil in the rod chamber is connected to the oil tank, and the oil pressure in the rod chamber is lowered. At this time, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 has different oil pressures and cross-sectional areas at both ends of the piston, and the forces at both ends of the piston are balanced, so the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 does not provide additional traction to the cutter 26. After the rod chamber is unloaded, the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve 38 is in the left position. At this time, the accumulator 29, the accumulator 32, and the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 form a closed oil circuit.

[0045] When the mower meets a convex gentle slope, the four-bar linkage profiling mechanism moves upward under the action of the ground support force, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 32 is stretched, the second accumulator 32 absorbs the oil released from the rod cavity, and when the cutting platform 26 completes the profiling action, the oil is squeezed to the rod cavity of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 by the air pressure in the accumulator. Under the action of gravity and the traction force of the cutting platform, the cutting platform descends to the profiling front position, realizing the positioning of the cutting platform.

[0046] When the mower meets a convex gentle slope, the four-bar linkage profiling mechanism moves upward under the action of the ground support force, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 32 is stretched, the second accumulator 32 absorbs the oil released from the rod cavity, and when the cutting platform 26 completes the profiling action, the oil is squeezed to the rod cavity of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 31 by the air pressure in the accumulator. Under the action of gravity and the traction force of the cutting platform, the cutting platform descends to the profiling front position, realizing the positioning of the cutting platform.

[0047] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 6 The cutting tool angle self-adaptive adjusting device IV includes a sliding shoe suspension 17, a limiting sleeve 18, a floating compression spring 19, a movable sliding block 20, and a sliding shoe support 21. The rear end of the sliding shoe suspension 17 is provided with a support plate and a bearing side plate, which are welded on the bearing side plate 16 of the connecting rod type profiling device I. The front end of the sliding shoe suspension 17 is provided with a hinged support frame, and the movable sliding block 20 is hinged to the sliding shoe suspension 17 through rivets. The limiting sleeve 18 is welded on the upper end of the sliding shoe suspension 17, and the limiting sleeve 18 is sleeved on the rod structure of the movable sliding block 20. The floating compression spring 19 is fixed at both ends to the movable sliding block 20 and the limiting sleeve 18, respectively.

[0048] When the cutting platform 26 performs the profiling action, if the angle between the cutter head and the ground deviates from the set angle, the cutting platform 26 can rotate around the sliding shoe suspension 17 together with the sliding shoe, so that the angle between the cutter blade on the cutter head and the ground is adjusted back to the set value, thereby preventing the cutting tool from entering the soil and ensuring the consistency of the stubble height.

[0049] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 6As shown, the resistance-reducing sliding shoe device V includes rear fixed frame 22, wave-shaped plate 23, wedge-shaped plate 24, upper cover plate 25; the rear fixed frame 22 is welded at the lower end of the sliding shoe support 21, the rear end of the wave-shaped plate 23 is welded with the front end of the rear fixed frame 22, the rear end of the wedge-shaped plate 24 is welded with the front end of the wave-shaped plate 23, the front end of the upper cover plate 25 is welded with the front end of the wedge-shaped plate 24, and the rear end of the upper cover plate 25 is welded with the cutter header 26. The integrated wedge-shaped plate 24 and wave-shaped plate 23 structure can increase the actual ground contact area of the cutter header 26, reduce the ground pressure ratio of the cutter header 26, reduce the sliding resistance when the harvester advances, and can reduce the sinking depth of the cutter header 26 on the soil surface, reduce the work of the cutter header 26 to overcome the earthmoving resistance, reduce energy consumption, and improve efficiency; the specific curved surface of the wedge-shaped plate 24 can reduce the sliding resistance of the wedge-shaped plate 24; the wave-shaped plate 23 can reduce the contact area between the resistance-reducing sliding shoe and the soil when profiling, and reduce the sliding resistance generated by the movement of the soil relative to the resistance-reducing sliding shoe.

[0050] The auxiliary positioning system and the profiling cutter provided by the application are designed based on the movement law of the connecting rod mechanism and by using digital simulation means on the basis of the existing mower harvesting device. The wave-shaped sliding shoe is designed based on the biological movement characteristics of earthworms in the soil, and the existing planar sliding shoe is simulated and optimized. An auxiliary positioning system is provided to assist the cutter in positioning after profiling. A four-bar cutter and a hydraulic reset mechanism thereof are provided, which are simple in structure, convenient to operate, good in profiling effect, and low in cost.

[0051] The profiling mechanism main body is a space connecting rod type profiling mechanism, the cutter is hinged on the tractor support beam and can rotate around the hinge point, the floating tension spring adjusting device is hingedly connected between the side connecting frame and the lower hinge frame at both ends, the cutter header pressure can be adjusted, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder with an accumulator can control the lifting of the cutter header to switch the transportation state and the working state of the cutter header, and the positioning of the cutter header after profiling can be ensured. The cutter angle self-adaptive adjusting device can ensure the stability of the angle between the cutter and the ground, prevent the cutter from entering the soil, and maintain the consistency of the cutting height, can self-adaptively adjust the angle with the ground within a certain range, the integrated wave-shaped sliding shoe reduces the contact area between the sliding shoe and the soil, and realizes the resistance reduction of the sliding shoe.

[0052] The three-position four-way control valve is a main control valve, directly driving a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. When it is needed to lift the header for the purpose of the transfer of the harvesting machine, manual adjustment is made to place the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve in the left position, the hydraulic pump inputs oil to the rodless chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic rod extends outward, and pushes the header to rise. When the header is lifted to the target position, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is in the middle position, and the header is stabilized at the target height. The three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the right position, the hydraulic pump inputs oil to the rod chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder through the pressure reducing valve, the hydraulic cylinder contracts, and pulls the header to descend. When the header reaches the working height after touching the ground, the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the middle position, and the double-acting hydraulic cylinder forms a closed oil circuit with the first accumulator and the second accumulator. When the mower encounters a convex gentle slope during operation, the four-bar linkage profiling mechanism moves upward under the action of the ground support force, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder is stretched, and the second accumulator absorbs the oil released from the rod chamber. After the header completes the profiling action, the air pressure in the accumulator is relied on to squeeze the oil to the rod chamber of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, so that the header is positioned after the profiling action. When the mower encounters a concave gentle slope during operation, the four-bar linkage profiling mechanism compresses the double-acting hydraulic cylinder under the action of the header gravity, and at this time, the first accumulator absorbs the oil released from the rod chamber. When passing over the concave part, the ground support force makes the header rise, and the positioning is completed.

[0053] Overall, the consumption material space is saved, the high-quality harvesting of alfalfa forage is provided with favorable conditions, the cost and operation time are greatly reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, good economic benefit and social benefit are obtained, and the application has a very broad market prospect.

[0054] The specific embodiments of the application are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and combinations can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of the application, and the modifications and combinations still fall within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. An auxiliary positioning system and a contour cutting table, characterized in that: It includes a linkage-type contouring device (Ⅰ), a floating tension spring adjustment device (Ⅱ), an auxiliary positioning system (Ⅲ), a cutter angle adaptive adjustment device (Ⅳ), and a drag-reducing sliding device (Ⅴ). The linkage-type contouring device (Ⅰ) is used to adjust the working height and cutting effect of the header (26) when the harvester is working on uneven ground; the floating tension spring adjustment device (Ⅱ) is used to reduce the ground pressure of the header (26); the auxiliary positioning system (Ⅲ) is used to adjust the lifting of the header (26) and realize the auxiliary positioning of the header (26); the cutter angle adaptive adjustment device (Ⅳ) is used to ensure the stability of the header's ground angle; the drag-reducing sliding device (Ⅴ) is used to reduce the forward resistance encountered by the harvester during operation; The linkage-type contouring device (Ⅰ) adopts a four-link contouring device, including a lower hinge frame (1), a main suspension (2), an upper hinge frame (4), a side frame (7), a central frame (8), a support beam (9), a hydraulic motor (11), a hydraulic motor support seat (12), a linkage universal coupling (13), a rear hinge fixing seat (14), a support fixing plate (15), and a support side plate (16); the side frame (7) and the central frame (8) are welded to the support beam (9); the lower hinge frame (1) and the upper hinge frame (4) are respectively hinged to the side frame (7) and the central frame (8) by rivets; the lower hinge frame (1) and the upper hinge frame (4) are also respectively hinged to the main suspension (2); the hydraulic motor support seat (12) Welded to the main suspension (2), the seat has a through hole and four hydraulic motor support mounting holes are evenly distributed on the side of the seat. The hydraulic motor support mounting holes connect the hydraulic motor (11) to the hydraulic motor support (12). The connecting rod universal coupling (13) is connected to the hydraulic motor power output shaft. The hydraulic motor (11) outputs power to the cutting table through the connecting rod universal coupling (13), the upper cutting table transmission shaft and the reversing gear box. The rear hinge fixing seat (14) is welded to the main suspension (2) and has four mounting holes evenly distributed on the side of the seat. The support fixing plate (15) is fixed to the rear hinge fixing seat (14) through the mounting holes. The support fixing plate (15) has a through hole. The support side plate (16) is installed on the main suspension (2). The floating tension spring adjustment device (II) includes a floating tension spring (3), a guide shaft (5), a rod end spherical bearing (6), and a lifting eye screw (10). The rod end spherical bearing (6) is hinged to the side frame (7) by a pin, and its threaded end is threaded to the rear end of the guide shaft (5). The guide shaft (5) is a through thin-walled tube with internal threaded holes at both ends corresponding to the threaded ends of the rod end spherical bearing (6) and the lifting eye screw (10). The front end of the guide shaft (5) is threaded to the lifting eye screw (10). Loosening nuts are used to prevent the connection from becoming loose. By adjusting the screw length between the lifting eye screw (10) and the guide shaft (5), the working length of the floating tension spring (3) is changed, and the ground support force on the cutting table (26) is adjusted. (10) The front and rear ends are respectively provided with lifting rings and threaded rods; the rear end of the floating tension spring (3) is connected to the lifting ring, and the front end is connected to the pin at the lug of the lower hinge frame (1); the two ends of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder are hinged to the upper hinge frame (4) and the central connecting frame (8). When the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder (27) retracts, the cutting table (26) enters the working state. The floating tension spring (3) is stretched under the action of the gravity of the cutting table. At this time, the floating tension spring (3) generates an upward force on the cutting table (26), which can reduce the ground support force on the drag-reducing slide, improve the cutting table (26)'s ability to follow the shape on uneven road surfaces, reduce the damage of the lower surface of the drag-reducing slide to the soil structure and surface vegetation, reduce the ground sliding resistance when the cutting table (26) moves forward, reduce engine oil consumption, and improve engine efficiency. The cutter angle adaptive adjustment device (Ⅳ) includes a sliding suspension (17), a limiting sleeve (18), a floating compression spring (19), a movable slider (20), and a sliding bracket (21); the rear end of the sliding suspension (17) is provided with a support plate and a supporting side plate, which are welded to the supporting side plate (16) of the linkage-type contouring device (Ⅰ); the front end of the sliding suspension (17) is provided with a hinged support frame, and the movable slider (20) is hinged to the sliding suspension (17) by rivets; the limiting sleeve (18) is welded to the upper end of the sliding suspension (17), and the limiting sleeve (18) is sleeved on the rod structure of the movable slider (20); the two ends of the floating compression spring (19) are respectively fixed to the movable slider (20) and the limiting sleeve (18); When the cutting table (26) performs the contouring action, if the angle between the cutter head and the ground deviates from the set angle, the cutting table (26) can rotate together with the sliding plate around the sliding plate suspension (17) to bring the angle between the blade on the cutter head and the ground back to the set value, thereby preventing the cutter from entering the soil and ensuring the consistency of the stubble height. The drag-reducing sliding device (V) includes a rear fixing frame (22), a corrugated plate (23), a wedge plate (24), and an upper cover plate (25); the rear fixing frame (22) is welded to the lower end of the sliding support (21), the rear end of the corrugated plate (23) is welded to the front end of the rear fixing frame (22), the rear end of the wedge plate (24) is welded to the front end of the corrugated plate (23), the front end of the upper cover plate (25) is welded to the front end of the wedge plate (24), and the rear end of the upper cover plate (25) is welded to the cutting table (26).

2. The auxiliary positioning system and contour cutting platform mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary positioning system (Ⅲ) includes a second double-acting hydraulic cylinder (31), accumulator one (29), accumulator two (32), check valve one (28), throttle valve one (44), pressure reducing valve one (43), relief valve one (42), check valve two (33), check valve three (34), throttle valve two (35), pressure reducing valve two (37), relief valve two (36), two-position two-way solenoid directional valve (38), three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (41), main relief valve (39), hydraulic oil gauge (30), and hydraulic pump (40); the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder (31) is a single-rod hydraulic cylinder, and the rodless chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder (31) is connected to the hydraulic oil gauge (39). 0) The oil outlet of accumulator 1 (29) and check valve 1 (28) are connected. The oil inlet of check valve 1 (28) is connected to the oil outlet of throttle valve 1 (44). The oil inlet of throttle valve 1 (44) is connected to the oil outlet of pressure reducing valve 1 (43). The oil inlet of pressure reducing valve 1 (43) is connected to the working oil port A of three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (41). The oil inlet of overflow valve 1 (42) is connected to the oil outlet of check valve 1 (28). The oil outlet of overflow valve 1 (42) is connected to the working oil port A of three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (41). The oil outlet of throttle valve 1 (44) is connected to the pilot oil line of pressure reducing valve 1 (43), forming flow control oil line 1. Overflow valve 1 (42) is a low-pressure overflow valve. The outlet of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder (31) is connected to the accumulator (32), the inlet of the check valve (33), the outlet of the check valve (34), and the inlet of the relief valve (36). The inlet of the check valve (34) is connected to the outlet of the throttle valve (35). The outlet of the throttle valve (35) is connected to the outlet of the pressure reducing valve (37). The inlet of the pressure reducing valve (37) is connected to the working port B of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (41). The outlet of the check valve (33) is connected to the working port B of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (41). The outlet of the throttle valve (35) is connected to the pilot oil circuit of the pressure reducing valve (37), thus forming the second flow control oil circuit. The relief valve (36) is a high-pressure relief valve. The inlet P of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (41) is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump (40) and the inlet of the main relief valve (39). The return port T of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (41), the inlet of the two-position two-way solenoid directional valve (38), and the outlet of the main relief valve (39) are connected to the oil tank.

Images