A balancing circuit, a battery management system, and an electronic device

Abstract

The present application provides a balancing circuit, a battery management system, and an electronic device. The balancing circuit includes: a transformer, a first switch, a first diode, a first driver chip, a first enabling module, a second switch, a second diode, a second driver chip, a second enabling module, and a main control module. The main control module is configured to: in response to a first power source charging the battery cell, control the first enabling module to respectively provide a supply voltage, a bias voltage, and an enabling voltage to the supply terminal, the bias terminal, and the enabling terminal of the first driver chip, so that the first driver chip outputs a first PWM signal to the control terminal of the first switch; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power source, control the second enabling module to respectively provide a supply voltage, a bias voltage, and an enabling voltage to the supply terminal, the bias terminal, and the enabling terminal of the second driver chip, so that the second driver chip outputs a second PWM signal to the control terminal of the second switch. By the above method, bidirectional active balancing of the battery cell to the power grid can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic circuits, and particularly to a balancing circuit, a battery management system, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] Nowadays, the application scenarios of battery cells are increasing, and using a battery pack to supply power has become a common way to provide energy. However, the modules formed by using the battery pack in this form will cause the voltage "barrel effect" in the entire energy storage system. Generally, the protection module of the energy storage system not only refers to the voltage of the overall module but also the voltage of a single battery cell. Therefore, when the voltage of a certain battery cell in the battery pack is too high, it will cause the protection module to perform charging protection prematurely, resulting in the energy storage system being unable to store enough energy; when the voltage of a certain battery cell is too low, it will cause the protection module to perform discharge protection prematurely, resulting in the energy storage system being unable to provide enough energy for the device. Therefore, active balancing or passive balancing needs to be used to solve the problem of inconsistent voltages of battery cells in the battery pack.

[0003] Currently, most of the protection boards placed on the battery pack use passive balancing, which consumes the energy of the battery cell through a resistor, not only causing energy waste but also causing the temperature of the protection board to rise. Existing active balancing technologies usually connect each battery cell in parallel or in series with energy storage components or omit the switching switch and energy storage components, and use a chip for active balancing. These methods are costly and space-consuming. And only performing one-way balancing will result in low balancing efficiency. If the balancing voltage and current cannot be monitored in real time, it will also lead to risks such as overvoltage and overcurrent. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, this application provides a balancing circuit, a battery management system, and an electronic device, which can achieve two-way active balancing between the battery cell and the power grid through the above method, and can monitor the voltage and current in real time and perform feedback control to avoid risks such as overvoltage and overcurrent.

[0005] One technical solution adopted by this application is to provide a balancing circuit, which includes: a transformer, the first end of the primary side of the transformer is connected to the positive end of the first power supply, and the first end of the secondary side of the transformer is connected to the positive end of the battery cell; a first switch, the first end of the first switch is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer, and the second end of the first switch is connected to the negative end of the first power supply; a first diode, the anode of the first diode is connected to the negative end of the first power supply, and the cathode of the first diode is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer; a first driving chip, the output end of the first driving chip is connected to the control end of the first switch; a first enabling module, the first enabling module is connected to the power supply end, enabling end and bias end of the first driving chip; a second switch, the first end of the second switch is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer, and the second end of the second switch is connected to the negative end of the second power supply; a second diode, the anode of the second diode is connected to the negative end of the second power supply, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer; a second driving chip, the output end of the second driving chip is connected to the control end of the second switch; a second enabling module, the second enabling module is connected to the power supply end, enabling end and bias end of the second driving chip; a main control module, connected to the first enabling module and the second enabling module, and the main control module is configured to: in response to the first power supply charging the battery cell, control the first enabling module to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply end of the first driving chip, provide a bias voltage to the bias end of the first driving chip, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling end of the first driving chip, so that the first driving chip outputs a first PWM signal to the control end of the first switch; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power supply, control the second enabling module to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply end of the second driving chip, provide a bias voltage to the bias end of the second driving chip, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling end of the second driving chip, so that the second driving chip outputs a second PWM signal to the control end of the second switch.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first enabling module includes: a third switch, the first end of the third switch is connected to the positive end of the second power supply, and the second end of the third switch is connected to the bias end and the power supply end of the first driving chip; a first voltage dividing unit, the first end of the first voltage dividing unit is connected to the second end of the third switch, the second end of the first voltage dividing unit is connected to a third reference ground, the third reference ground is connected to the negative end of the second power supply, and the voltage dividing node of the first voltage dividing unit is connected to the enabling end of the first driving chip; a first control unit, the first control unit is connected to the main control module and the control end of the third switch, and the first control unit is configured to control the third switch to conduct when the battery cell is being charged.

[0007] In one embodiment, the second enabling module includes: a fourth switch, the first end of the fourth switch is connected to the positive end of the third power supply, and the second end of the fourth switch is connected to the bias terminal and the power supply terminal of the second driving chip; a second voltage dividing unit, the first end of the second voltage dividing unit is connected to the second end of the fourth switch, the second end of the second voltage dividing unit is connected to the fourth reference ground, the fourth reference ground is connected to the negative end of the third power supply, and the voltage dividing node of the second voltage dividing unit is connected to the enabling terminal of the second driving chip; a second control unit, the second control unit is connected to the main control module and the control terminal of the fourth switch, and the second control unit is configured to control the fourth switch to conduct when the battery cell discharges.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first control unit includes: a first optocoupler, the anode of the primary side diode of the first optocoupler is connected to the main control module, and the first end of the secondary side of the first optocoupler is connected to the third reference ground; a first resistor, the first end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the third switch, and the second end of the first resistor is connected to the control terminal of the third switch; a second resistor, the first end of the second resistor is connected to the control terminal of the third switch, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the first optocoupler.

[0009] In one embodiment, the second control unit includes: a second optocoupler, the anode of the primary side diode of the second optocoupler is connected to the main control module, and the first end of the secondary side of the first optocoupler is connected to the fourth reference ground; a third resistor, the first end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth switch, and the second end of the third resistor is connected to the control terminal of the fourth switch; a fourth resistor, the first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the control terminal of the fourth switch, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the second optocoupler.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first voltage dividing unit includes: a fifth resistor, the first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the second end of the third switch, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the enabling terminal of the first driving chip; the first end of a sixth resistor is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor, and the second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the third reference ground.

[0011] In one embodiment, the second voltage dividing unit includes: a seventh resistor, the first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the second end of the fourth switch, and the second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the enabling terminal of the second driving chip; an eighth resistor, the first end of the eighth resistor is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor, and the second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the fourth reference ground.

[0012] In one embodiment, the balancing circuit further includes: a first voltage stabilizing diode, the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the driving end of the first driving chip, and the anode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the current feedback end of the first driving chip and the second end of the first switch; a first capacitor, the first end of the first capacitor is connected to the current feedback end of the first driving chip, and the second end of the first capacitor is connected to the voltage feedback end of the first driving chip and the third reference ground; a ninth resistor, the first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the second end of the first switch, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the first reference ground; a second voltage stabilizing diode, the cathode of the second voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the driving end of the second driving chip, and the anode of the second voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the current feedback end of the second driving chip and the second end of the second switch; a second capacitor, the first end of the second capacitor is connected to the current feedback end of the second driving chip, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected to the voltage feedback end of the second driving chip and the fourth reference ground; a tenth resistor, the first end of the tenth resistor is connected to the second end of the second switch, and the second end of the tenth resistor is connected to the second reference ground.

[0013] In one embodiment, the balancing circuit further includes: a first feedback module, connected to the compensation end of the first driving chip, the first feedback module is configured to pull down the voltage of the compensation end of the first driving chip when the charging voltage of the battery cell is greater than the first reference voltage or the charging current of the battery cell is greater than the first reference current, so as to adjust the first PWM signal; a second feedback module, connected to the compensation end of the second driving chip, the second feedback module is configured to pull down the voltage of the compensation end of the second driving chip when the discharging voltage of the battery cell is greater than the second reference voltage or the discharging current of the battery cell is greater than the second reference current, so as to adjust the second PWM signal.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first feedback module includes: a third optocoupler, the anode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler is connected to the positive end of the battery cell, the first end of the secondary side of the third optocoupler is connected to the third reference ground, and the second end of the secondary side of the third optocoupler is connected to the compensation end of the first driving chip; an eleventh resistor, the first end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the positive end of the battery cell, and the second end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the anode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler; a twelfth resistor, the first end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor, and the second end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the cathode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler; a third diode, the anode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler; a first voltage feedback unit, the output end of the first voltage feedback unit is connected to the cathode of the third diode, and the first voltage feedback unit is configured to pull down the voltage of the cathode of the third diode when the charging voltage of the battery cell is greater than the first reference voltage; a fourth diode, the anode of the fourth diode is connected to the cathode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler; a first current feedback unit, the output end of the first current feedback unit is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode, and the first current feedback unit is configured to pull down the voltage of the cathode of the fourth diode when the charging current of the battery cell is greater than the first reference current.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first voltage feedback unit includes: a first operational amplifier, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the cathode of the third diode; a thirteenth resistor, the first end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the second end of the thirteenth resistor is configured to input a third reference voltage; a fourteenth resistor, the first end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the second end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell; a fifteenth resistor, the first end of the fifteenth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier; a third capacitor, the first end of the third capacitor is connected to the second end of the fifteenth resistor, and the second end of the third capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier.

[0016] In one embodiment, the equalization circuit further includes a current sampling resistor, the first end of the current sampling resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell, the second end of the current sampling resistor is connected to the second reference ground, and the first current feedback unit includes: a second operational amplifier, the output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode; a sixteenth resistor, the first end of the sixteenth resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the second operational amplifier and is configured to input a third reference voltage, and the second end of the sixteenth resistor is connected to the second reference ground; a seventeenth resistor, the first end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the second operational amplifier, and the second end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell; an eighteenth resistor, the first end of the eighteenth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the second operational amplifier; a fourth capacitor, the first end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the second end of the eighteenth resistor, and the second end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier.

[0017] In one embodiment, the second feedback module includes: a fourth optocoupler, the first end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler is connected to the fourth reference ground, and the second end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler is connected to the compensation terminal of the second drive chip; a fifth switch, the first end of the fifth switch is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler, and the second end of the fifth switch is connected to the first end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler; a second voltage feedback unit, the second voltage feedback unit is connected to the primary side diode of the fourth optocoupler, and the second voltage feedback unit is configured to control the conduction of the primary side diode of the fourth optocoupler to pull down the voltage of the compensation terminal of the second drive chip when the discharge voltage of the battery cell is greater than the second reference voltage; a second current feedback unit, the second current feedback unit is connected to the control terminal of the fifth switch, and the second current feedback unit is configured to control the conduction of the fifth switch to pull down the voltage of the compensation terminal of the second drive chip when the discharge current of the battery cell is greater than the second reference current.

[0018] In one embodiment, the second voltage feedback unit includes: a third voltage regulator diode, the cathode of the third voltage regulator diode is connected to the cathode of the primary diode of the fourth optocoupler, and the anode of the third voltage regulator diode is connected to the first reference ground; a nineteenth resistor, the first end of the nineteenth resistor is configured to input the discharge voltage of the battery cell, and the second end of the nineteenth resistor is connected to the power supply end of the third voltage regulator diode; a twentieth resistor, the first end of the twentieth resistor is connected to the second end of the nineteenth resistor, and the second end of the twentieth resistor is connected to the anode of the third voltage regulator diode; a twenty-first resistor, the first end of the twenty-first resistor is configured to input the discharge voltage of the battery cell, and the second end of the twenty-first resistor is connected to the anode of the primary diode of the fourth optocoupler.

[0019] In one embodiment, the equalization circuit further includes a current sampling resistor, the first end of the current sampling resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell, the second end of the current sampling resistor is connected to the second reference ground, and the second current feedback unit includes: a third operational amplifier, the output end of the third operational amplifier is connected to the control end of the fifth switch; a twenty-second resistor, the first end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the third operational amplifier, and the second end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the second reference ground; a twenty-third resistor, the first end of the twenty-third resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the third operational amplifier and is configured to input a third reference voltage, and the second end of the twenty-third resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell; a fifth capacitor, the first end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the first input terminal of the third operational amplifier, and the second end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the second input terminal of the third operational amplifier; a twenty-fourth resistor, the first end of the twenty-fourth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the third operational amplifier; a sixth capacitor, the first end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the second end of the twenty-fourth resistor, and the second end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the output end of the third operational amplifier.

[0020] In one embodiment, the equalization circuit further includes: a current detection module, connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell, the negative terminal of the second power supply, the control module and the fourth power supply, and the current detection module is configured to detect the charging current and the discharging current of the battery cell; a voltage detection module, connected to the battery cell, the fourth power supply and the control module, and the voltage detection module is configured to detect the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of the battery cell.

[0021] In one embodiment, the current detection module includes: a detection chip, the first input end of the detection chip is connected to the negative end of the battery cell, the second input end of the detection chip is connected to the second reference ground, the output end of the detection chip is connected to the control module, and the power supply end of the detection chip is connected to the positive end of the fourth power supply; a seventh capacitor, the first end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the fifth reference ground, and the fifth reference ground is connected to the negative end of the fourth power supply; the second end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the power supply end of the detection chip; an eighth capacitor, the first end of the eighth capacitor is connected to the reference end of the detection chip, and the second end of the eighth capacitor is connected to the fifth reference ground; a fourth zener diode, the cathode and the power supply end of the fourth zener diode are connected to the reference end of the detection chip, and the anode of the fourth zener diode is connected to the fifth reference ground; a twenty-fifth resistor, the first end of the twenty-fifth resistor is connected to the positive end of the fourth power supply, and the second end of the twenty-fifth resistor is connected to the reference end of the detection chip.

[0022] In one embodiment, the voltage detection module includes: a protection unit, the first input end of the protection unit is connected to the positive end of the battery cell and the fourth power supply, and the second input end of the protection unit is connected to the negative end of the battery cell and the output end of the protection unit; an amplification unit, the first input end of the amplification unit is connected to the output end of the protection unit, and the second input end of the amplification unit is connected to the fifth reference ground and the output end of the amplification unit.

[0023] In one embodiment, the voltage detection module includes: a fourth operational amplifier, the first input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell, and the second input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell; a ninth capacitor, the first terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth power supply, and the second terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the fifth reference ground; a tenth capacitor, the first terminal of the tenth capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the ninth capacitor, and the second terminal of the tenth capacitor is connected to the first input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; a twenty-sixth resistor, the first terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor is connected to the second terminal of the ninth capacitor, and the second terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; a twenty-seventh resistor, the first terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell, and the second terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; an eleventh capacitor, the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the first input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the second input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; a twenty-eighth resistor, the first terminal of the twenty-eighth resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell, and the second terminal of the twenty-eighth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; a twenty-ninth resistor, the first terminal of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; a twelfth capacitor, the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor is connected to the second input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the twelfth capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; a fifth operational amplifier, the first input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier, the second input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier is connected to the fifth reference ground, and the output terminal of the fifth operational amplifier is connected to the control module; a twenty-ninth resistor, the first terminal of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier; a thirteenth capacitor, the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor is connected to the fifth reference ground, and the second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor is connected to the first input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier; a thirtieth resistor, the first terminal of the thirtieth resistor is connected to the fifth reference ground, and the second terminal of the thirtieth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier; a thirty-first resistor, the first terminal of the thirty-first resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the thirty-first resistor is connected to the output terminal of the fifth operational amplifier.

[0024] In one embodiment, the equalization circuit further includes: a fourteenth capacitor, a fifteenth capacitor, and a sixteenth capacitor. The first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the first power supply, and the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor is connected to the first reference ground; the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell, and the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor is connected to the second reference ground and the first terminal of the current sampling resistor; the first terminal of the sixteenth capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell, and the second terminal of the sixteenth capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell and the second terminal of the current sampling resistor.

[0025] In one embodiment, the balancing circuit further includes: a first protection module and a first protection module. The first protection module includes: a fifth voltage regulator diode, a thirty-second resistor, a seventeenth capacitor, a fifth diode, and a thirty-third resistor. The anode of the fifth voltage regulator diode is connected to the first end of the primary side of the transformer; the first end of the thirty-second resistor is connected to the first end of the primary side of the transformer, and the second end of the thirty-second resistor is connected to the cathode of the fifth voltage regulator diode; the first end of the seventeenth capacitor is connected to the first end of the primary side of the transformer, and the second end of the seventeenth capacitor is connected to the cathode of the fifth voltage regulator diode; the cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the cathode of the fifth voltage regulator diode; the first end of the thirty-third resistor is connected to the anode of the fifth diode, and the second end of the thirty-third resistor is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer.

[0026] In one embodiment, the second protection module includes: a sixth voltage regulator diode, a thirty-fourth resistor, an eighteenth capacitor, a sixth diode, and a thirty-fifth resistor. The anode of the sixth voltage regulator diode is connected to the first end of the secondary side of the transformer; the first end of the thirty-fourth resistor is connected to the first end of the secondary side of the transformer, and the second end of the thirty-fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the sixth voltage regulator diode; the first end of the eighteenth capacitor is connected to the first end of the secondary side of the transformer, and the second end of the eighteenth capacitor is connected to the cathode of the sixth voltage regulator diode; the cathode of the sixth diode is connected to the cathode of the sixth voltage regulator diode; the first end of the thirty-fifth resistor is connected to the anode of the sixth diode, and the second end of the thirty-fifth resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer.

[0027] The present application also provides a battery management system, which includes: at least one battery cluster, each battery cluster including a plurality of parallel or series-connected battery cells; a balancing module connected to the battery cells; a control module connected to the balancing module; wherein, the balancing module includes the balancing circuit as described above.

[0028] The present application also provides an electronic device, which includes the battery management system as described above.

[0029] One technical solution adopted by this application is to provide a balancing circuit, which includes: a transformer, a first switch, a first diode, a first driving chip, a first enabling module, a second switch, a second diode, a second driving chip, a second enabling module, and a main control module. The main control module is configured to: in response to the first power source charging the battery cell, control the first enabling module to provide a supply voltage to the supply terminal of the first driving chip, provide a bias voltage to the bias terminal of the first driving chip, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling terminal of the first driving chip, so that the first driving chip outputs a first PWM signal to the control terminal of the first switch; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power source, control the second enabling module to provide a supply voltage to the supply terminal of the second driving chip, provide a bias voltage to the bias terminal of the second driving chip, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling terminal of the second driving chip, so that the second driving chip outputs a second PWM signal to the control terminal of the second switch. Through the above method, bidirectional active balancing between the battery cell and the power grid can be achieved, and the voltage and current can be monitored in real time and feedback control can be performed to avoid risks such as overvoltage and overcurrent, and the reliability and stability of the system and the circuit are high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings. Among them:

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the fourth embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic flowchart of the fifth embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart of the sixth embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0037] Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of the seventh embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0038] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of the eighth embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0039] Figure 9 is a schematic flowchart of the ninth embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0040] Figure 10 is a schematic flowchart of the tenth embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application;

[0041] Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the battery management system provided by the present application;

[0042] Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the electronic device provided by the present application. Detailed Embodiments

[0043] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, rather than limiting the present application. In addition, it should be noted that for the sake of description, only the parts related to the present application rather than all the structures are shown in the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0044] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the present application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally further includes steps or units not listed, or optionally further includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0045] Referring to "embodiment" herein means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The phrase appears in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0046] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1It is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application. The balancing circuit 100 includes: a transformer T, a first switch Q1, a first diode D1, a first driving chip U1, a first enabling module 10, a first driving chip U1, a second switch Q2, a second diode D2, a second driving chip U2, a second enabling module 20, and a main control module 30.

[0047] Among them, the first end of the primary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive end V1+ of the first power supply V1, and the first end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive end AB.POS of the battery cell; the first end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T, the second end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the first reference ground GND1 is connected to the negative end V1- of the first power supply V1; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T; the driving end GATE1 of the first driving chip U1 is connected to the control end of the first switch Q1; the first enabling module 10 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC1, the enabling terminal EN1, and the bias terminal BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1; the first end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T, the second end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second reference ground GND, and the second reference ground GND2 is connected to the negative end AB.NEG of the battery cell; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T; the driving end GATE2 of the second driving chip U2 is connected to the control end of the second switch Q2; the second enabling module 20 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC2, the enabling terminal EN2, and the bias terminal BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2; the main control module 30 is connected to the first enabling module 10 and the second enabling module 20, and the main control module 30 is configured to: in response to the battery cell being charged, control the first enabling module 10 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply terminal VCC1 of the first driving chip U1, provide a bias voltage to the bias terminal BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling terminal EN1 of the first driving chip U1, so that the first driving chip U1 outputs a first PWM signal to the control end of the first switch Q1; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power supply V1, control the second enabling module 20 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply terminal VCC2 of the second driving chip U2, provide a bias voltage to the bias terminal BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling terminal EN2 of the second driving chip U2, so that the second driving chip U2 outputs a second PWM signal to the control end of the second switch Q2.

[0048] Specifically, the first power supply V1 and the second power supply V2 are power supplies capable of providing a stable DC voltage. The first power supply V1 can be connected to the power grid and convert alternating current into stable direct current through relevant components. The first diode D1 and the second diode D2 can be freewheeling diodes, which are used to provide a current freewheeling path and reverse voltage protection function. Among them, in one embodiment, the second diode D2 can include two parallel-connected diodes. The first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 can be MOS transistors, specifically NMOS transistors. In other embodiments, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 can also be semiconductor devices such as NMOS transistors and bipolar transistors, which will not be listed one by one here.

[0049] Specifically, when it is necessary to charge the battery cell, the main control module 30 sends a first enable signal AB.EN.CHG to the first enable module 10, so that the first enable module 10 provides a supply voltage to the power supply terminal VCC1 of the first drive chip U1 and provides an enable voltage to the enable terminal EN1 of the first drive chip U1 at the same time. The first drive chip U1 starts to work, and its output terminal outputs a first PWM signal to the control terminal of the first switch Q1. When the first PWM signal is at a high level, the first switch Q1 is turned on, and the voltage of the first power supply V1 is from the positive terminal V1+ of the first power supply V1, through the primary side 1st pin, 4th pin of the transformer T and the first switch Q1 to the negative terminal V1- of the first power supply V1. At this time, the primary winding of the transformer T stores energy. When the first PWM signal is at a low level, the first switch Q1 is turned off. Due to the inductance of the transformer T, the stored energy will generate a voltage opposite to the same name terminal of the primary side of the transformer T. At this time, the 6th pin of the secondary side of the transformer T is positive and the 8th pin is negative. The energy passes through the 6th pin of the secondary side of the transformer T, the positive terminal of the battery cell, the negative terminal of the battery cell, the second reference ground, and finally through the second diode D2 and the body diode in the second switch Q2 to the 8th pin of the secondary side of the transformer T, rectifies the charging current, and forms a complete charging circuit to complete the charging of the battery cell.

[0050] Specifically, when the battery cell needs to be discharged, the main control module 30 sends a second enable signal AB.EN.DSG to the second enable module 20, enabling the second enable module 20 to supply a power supply voltage to the power supply terminal VCC2 of the second driving chip U2 and simultaneously supply an enable voltage to the enable terminal EN2 of the second driving chip U2. The second driving chip U2 starts to work, and its output terminal outputs a second PWM signal to the control terminal of the second switch Q2. When the second PWM signal is at a high level, the second switch Q2 conducts, and the voltage of the battery cell passes from the positive terminal AB.POS of the battery cell through pins 6, 8 of the secondary side of the transformer T, the second switch Q2 to the second reference ground. At this time, the secondary side winding of the transformer T stores energy. When the second PWM signal is at a low level, the second switch Q2 turns off. Due to the inductance of the transformer T, the stored energy will generate a voltage opposite to the same-named terminal of the secondary side of the transformer T. At this time, pin 1 of the primary side of the transformer T is positive and pin 4 is negative. The energy passes through pin 1 of the primary side of the transformer T, the positive terminal V1+ of the first power supply V1, the negative terminal V1- of the first power supply V1, and finally through the body diode in the first diode D1 and the first switch Q1 to pin 4 of the primary side of the transformer T, rectifying the discharge current and forming a complete discharge circuit to complete the discharge of the battery cell.

[0051] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 FIGS. and

[0051] are schematic structural diagrams of the second and third embodiments of the balancing circuit provided by the present application. The balancing circuit 100 includes: a transformer T, a first switch Q1, a first diode D1, a first driving chip U1, a first enable module 10, a first driving chip U1, a second switch Q2, a second diode D2, a second driving chip U2, a second enable module 20, and a main control module 30.

[0052] Among them, the first end of the primary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive end V1+ of the first power supply V1, and the first end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive end AB.POS of the battery cell; the first end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T, the second end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the first reference ground GND1 is connected to the negative end V1- of the first power supply V1; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T; the driving end GATE1 of the first driving chip U1 is connected to the control end of the first switch Q1; the first enabling module 10 is connected to the power supply end VCC1, the enabling end EN1 and the bias end BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1; the first end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T, the second end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the second reference ground GND2 is connected to the negative end AB.NEG of the battery cell; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T; the driving end GATE2 of the second driving chip U2 is connected to the control end of the second switch Q2; the second enabling module 20 is connected to the power supply end VCC2, the enabling end EN2 and the bias end BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2; the main control module 30 is connected to the first enabling module 10 and the second enabling module 20, and the main control module 30 is configured to: in response to the battery cell being charged, control the first enabling module 10 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply end VCC1 of the first driving chip U1, provide a bias voltage to the bias end BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling end EN1 of the first driving chip U1, so that the first driving chip U1 outputs a first PWM signal to the control end of the first switch Q1; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power supply V1, control the second enabling module 20 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply end VCC2 of the second driving chip U2, provide a bias voltage to the bias end BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling end EN2 of the second driving chip U2, so that the second driving chip U2 outputs a second PWM signal to the control end of the second switch Q2.

[0053] In some optional embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the balancing circuit 100 provided by the present application.

[0054] Optionally, the first enabling module 10 includes: a third switch Q3, a first voltage dividing unit 11, and a first control unit 12. The first end of the third switch Q3 is connected to the positive terminal V2+ of the second power supply V2, and the second end of the third switch Q3 is connected to the bias terminal BIAS1 and the power supply terminal VCC1 of the first driving chip U1; the first end of the first voltage dividing unit 11 is connected to the second end of the third switch Q3, the second end of the first voltage dividing unit 11 is connected to the third reference ground GND3, the third reference ground GND3 is connected to the negative terminal of the second power supply V2, and the voltage dividing node of the first voltage dividing unit 11 is connected to the enabling terminal EN1 of the first driving chip U1; the first control unit 12 is connected to the main control module 30 and the control terminal of the third switch Q3, and the first control unit 12 is configured to control the third switch Q3 to conduct when the battery cell is being charged.

[0055] Optionally, the first control unit 12 includes: a first optocoupler P1, a first resistor R1, and a second resistor R2. The anode of the primary side diode of the first optocoupler P1 is connected to the main control module 30, and the first end of the secondary side of the first optocoupler P1 is connected to the third reference ground GND3; the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the third switch Q3, and the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the control terminal of the third switch Q3; the first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the control terminal of the third switch Q3, and the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the first optocoupler P1.

[0056] Specifically, in an embodiment, in order to protect the primary side diode of the optocoupler, adjust the circuit characteristics, and improve the reliability and stability of the circuit, a current limiting resistor, such as resistor R40, can be connected between the anode of the primary side diode of the first optocoupler P1 and the main control module 30.

[0057] Optionally, the first voltage dividing unit 11 includes: a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6. The first end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the second end of the third switch Q3, and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the enabling terminal EN1 of the first driving chip U1; the first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor R5, and the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the third reference ground GND3.

[0058] Specifically, the third switch Q3 can be a MOS transistor, specifically a PMOS transistor. In other embodiments, the third switch Q3 can also be a semiconductor device such as an NMOS transistor or a triode, which will not be listed one by one here.

[0059] Specifically, when charging the battery cell, the first enable signal AB.EN.CHG sent by the main control module 30 is a high-level signal, which makes the first optocoupler P1 conduct, pulls down the control terminal voltage signal of the third switch Q3, and the third switch Q3 conducts; the voltage provided by the second power supply V2 is supplied to the power supply terminal VCC1 of the first driver chip U1 as the power supply voltage after passing through the third switch Q3. At the same time, it is divided by the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6, and the voltage of the divided node is supplied to the enable terminal EN1 of the first driver chip U1 as the enable voltage, and the first driver chip U1 starts to work and outputs the first PWM signal to control the first switch Q1 to turn on and off periodically.

[0060] Optionally, the equalization circuit 100 further includes: a first voltage regulator diode S1, a first capacitor C1, and a ninth resistor R9. The cathode of the first voltage regulator diode S1 is connected to the driving terminal GATE1 of the first driver chip U1, and the anode of the first voltage regulator diode S1 is connected to the current feedback terminal CS1 of the first driver chip U1 and the second terminal of the first switch Q1; the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the current feedback terminal CS1 of the first driver chip U1, and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the voltage feedback terminal FB2 of the first driver chip U1 and the third reference ground GND3; the first terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the second terminal of the first switch Q1, and the second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the first reference ground GND1.

[0061] Specifically, the first voltage regulator diode S1 is used to protect the first switch Q1, limit the voltage of the gate of the first switch Q1 below the regulated voltage value of the voltage regulator diode, and protect the gate of the first switch Q1 from being broken down. At the same time, in order to further ensure the stability of the conduction of the first switch Q1 during the charging of the battery cell, a current-limiting protection resistor, such as resistor R41, can be connected between the control terminal and the second terminal of the first switch Q1; the first capacitor C1 is a current detection and filtering capacitor for the current feedback terminal CS1 and the voltage feedback terminal FB1 of the first driver chip U1, ensuring the cleanliness and accuracy of the signal; the ninth resistor R9 plays a role in current detection and protection, is used to convert the current into a voltage signal, and the magnitude of the current flowing through the first switch Q1 can be calculated by measuring the voltage across the ninth resistor R9.

[0062] In some optional embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment of the equalization circuit 100 provided by the present application.

[0063] Optionally, the second enabling module 20 includes: a fourth switch Q4, a second voltage dividing unit 21, and a second control unit 22. The first terminal of the fourth switch Q4 is connected to the positive terminal V3+ of the third power supply V3, and the second terminal of the fourth switch Q4 is connected to the bias terminal BIAS2 and the power supply terminal VCC2 of the second driving chip U2; the first terminal of the second voltage dividing unit 21 is connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch Q4, the second terminal of the second voltage dividing unit 21 is connected to the fourth reference ground GND4, the fourth reference ground GND4 is connected to the negative terminal of the third power supply V3, and the voltage dividing node of the second voltage dividing unit 21 is connected to the enabling terminal EN2 of the second driving chip U2; the second control unit 22 is connected to the main control module 30 and the control terminal of the fourth switch Q4, and the second control unit 22 is configured to control the fourth switch Q4 to conduct when the battery cell discharges.

[0064] Optionally, the second control unit 22 includes: a second optocoupler P2, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4. The anode of the primary side diode of the second optocoupler P2 is connected to the main control module 30, and the first terminal of the secondary side of the first optocoupler P1 is connected to the fourth reference ground GND4; the first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first terminal of the fourth switch Q4, and the second terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the control terminal of the fourth switch Q4; the first terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the control terminal of the fourth switch Q4, and the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second terminal of the secondary side of the second optocoupler P2.

[0065] Optionally, the second voltage dividing unit 21 includes: a seventh resistor R7 and an eighth resistor R8. The first terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch Q4, and the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the enabling terminal EN2 of the second driving chip U2; the first terminal of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7, and the second terminal of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the fourth reference ground GND4.

[0066] Specifically, the fourth switch Q4 may be a MOS transistor, specifically a PMOS transistor. In other embodiments, the fourth switch Q4 may also be a semiconductor device such as an NMOS transistor or a triode, which will not be listed one by one here. In order to protect the optocoupler, a current limiting resistor, such as resistor R42, may be connected between the anode of the primary side diode of the second optocoupler P2 and the main control module 30.

[0067] Specifically, when the battery cell discharges, the second enable signal AB.EN.DSG sent by the main control module 30 is a high-level signal, which makes the second optocoupler P2 conduct, pulls down the control terminal voltage signal of the fourth switch Q4, and the fourth switch Q4 conducts; the voltage provided by the third power supply V3 passes through the fourth switch Q4 and is supplied to the power supply terminal VCC2 of the second driver chip U2 as the supply voltage. At the same time, it is divided by the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8, and the voltage of the voltage division node is supplied to the enable terminal EN2 of the second driver chip U2 as the enable voltage, and the second driver chip U2 starts to work, outputs the second PWM signal, and controls the second switch Q2 to turn on and off periodically.

[0068] Optionally, the equalization circuit 100 further includes: a second zener diode S2, a second capacitor C2, and a tenth resistor R10. The cathode of the second zener diode S2 is connected to the driving terminal GATE2 of the second driver chip U2, and the anode of the second zener diode S2 is connected to the current feedback terminal CS2 of the second driver chip U2 and the second terminal of the second switch Q2; the first terminal of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the current feedback terminal CS2 of the second driver chip U2, and the second terminal of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the voltage feedback terminal FB2 of the second driver chip U2 and the fourth reference ground GND4; the first terminal of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the second terminal of the second switch Q2, and the second terminal of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the second reference ground GND2.

[0069] Specifically, the second zener diode S2 is used to protect the second switch Q2, limit the voltage of the gate of the second switch Q2 below the zener voltage of the zener diode, and protect the gate of the second switch Q2 from being broken down. At the same time, in order to further ensure the stability of the conduction of the second switch Q2 during the discharge of the battery cell, a current limiting protection resistor, such as resistor R43, can be connected between the control terminal and the second terminal of the second switch Q2; the second capacitor C2 is a current detection and filtering capacitor for the current feedback terminal CS2 and the voltage feedback terminal FB2 of the second driver chip U2; the tenth resistor R10 plays a role in current detection and protection, is used to convert the current into a voltage signal, and by measuring the voltage across the tenth resistor R10, the magnitude of the current flowing through the second switch Q2 can be calculated. Among them, in one embodiment, the tenth resistor R10 can be composed of two parallel resistors.

[0070] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 FIGS.

[0071] Among them, the first end of the primary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive end V1+ of the first power supply V1, and the first end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive end AB.POS of the battery cell; the first end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T, the second end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the first reference ground GND1 is connected to the negative end V1- of the first power supply V1; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T; the driving end GATE1 of the first driving chip U1 is connected to the control end of the first switch Q1; the first enabling module 10 is connected to the power supply end VCC1, the enabling end EN1 and the bias end BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1; the first end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T, the second end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the second reference ground GND2 is connected to the negative end AB.NEG of the battery cell; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T; the driving end GATE2 of the second driving chip U2 is connected to the control end of the second switch Q2; the second enabling module 20 is connected to the power supply end VCC2, the enabling end EN2 and the bias end BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2; the main control module 30 is connected to the first enabling module 10 and the second enabling module 20, and the main control module 30 is configured to: in response to the battery cell being charged, control the first enabling module 10 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply end VCC1 of the first driving chip U1, provide a bias voltage to the bias end BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling end EN1 of the first driving chip U1, so that the first driving chip U1 outputs a first PWM signal to the control end of the first switch Q1; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power supply V1, control the second enabling module 20 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply end VCC2 of the second driving chip U2, provide a bias voltage to the bias end BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling end EN2 of the second driving chip U2, so that the second driving chip U2 outputs a second PWM signal to the control end of the second switch Q2.

[0072] In some optional embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the fourth embodiment of the balancing circuit 100 provided by the present application.

[0073] Optionally, the balancing circuit 100 further includes: a first feedback module 40. The first feedback module 40 is connected to the compensation terminal COMP1 of the first driving chip U1. The first feedback module 40 is configured to lower the voltage of the compensation terminal of the first driving chip U1 when the charging voltage of the battery cell is greater than the first reference voltage or the charging current of the battery cell is greater than the first reference current, so as to adjust the first PWM signal. Here, the first reference voltage and the first reference current are the maximum charging voltage and the maximum charging current within a preset safe range, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0074] Optionally, the first feedback module 40 includes: a third optocoupler P3, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a third diode D3, a first voltage feedback unit 41, a fourth diode D4, and a first current feedback unit 42. The anode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler P3 is connected to the positive terminal AB.POS of the battery cell. The first terminal of the secondary side of the third optocoupler P3 is connected to the first reference ground GND1. The second terminal of the secondary side of the third optocoupler P3 is connected to the compensation terminal COMP1 of the first driving chip U1. The first terminal of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the positive terminal AB.POS of the battery cell, and the second terminal of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the anode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler P3. The first terminal of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the second terminal of the eleventh resistor R11, and the second terminal of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the cathode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler P3. The anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler P3. The output terminal of the first voltage feedback unit 41 is connected to the cathode of the third diode D3. The first voltage feedback unit 41 is configured to lower the voltage of the cathode of the third diode D3 when the charging voltage of the battery cell is greater than the first reference voltage. The anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the cathode of the primary side diode of the third optocoupler P3. The output terminal of the first current feedback unit 42 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode D4. The first current feedback unit 42 is configured to lower the voltage of the cathode of the fourth diode D4 when the charging current of the battery cell is greater than the first reference current.

[0075] Specifically, when the battery cell is being charged, the voltage at the positive end of the battery cell is divided by the eleventh resistor R11 and the twelfth resistor R12, and the voltage at the voltage division node is input to the anode of the primary diode of the third optocoupler P3. When the charging voltage of the battery cell is greater than the first reference voltage, the cathode voltage of the third diode D3 is pulled down by the first voltage feedback unit 41, and there is a conduction path from the anode to the cathode of the primary diode of the third optocoupler P3. The third optocoupler P3 conducts, and the first end and the second end of the primary side of the third optocoupler P3 also conduct, so that the voltage at the compensation terminal COMP1 of the first driver chip U1 is pulled down through the conduction path of the primary side of the third optocoupler P3. The first driver chip U1 self-regulates the duty cycle of the first PWM signal output from the output terminal according to the voltage at the compensation terminal. The third optocoupler P3 is a linear optocoupler. The higher the voltage at the positive end of the battery cell, the greater the current flowing through the primary diode of the third optocoupler P3, the more conductive the first end and the second end of the secondary side of the third optocoupler P3 are, the lower the voltage at the compensation terminal of the first driver chip U1 is pulled, and the first driver chip U1 performs self-regulation to reduce the duty cycle of the first PWM signal, ultimately causing the charging voltage of the battery cell to decrease, achieving feedback regulation.

[0076] Similarly, when the charging current of the battery cell is greater than the first reference current, the cathode voltage of the fourth diode D4 is pulled down by the first current feedback unit 42, which causes the third optocoupler P3 to conduct, thereby pulling down the voltage at the compensation terminal of the first driver chip U1, enabling the first driver chip U1 to self-regulate, reducing the duty cycle of the first PWM signal, thereby limiting the charging voltage of the battery cell, maintaining power conservation, and achieving a constant charging current.

[0077] In some optional embodiments, as Figure 5 shown, Figure 5 FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the fifth embodiment of the balancing circuit 100 provided by the present application.

[0078] Optionally, the balancing circuit 100 further includes: a second feedback module 50, connected to the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second driver chip U2. The second feedback module 50 is configured to pull down the voltage at the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second driver chip U2 when the discharge voltage of the battery cell is greater than the second reference voltage or the discharge current of the battery cell is greater than the second reference current, so as to adjust the second PWM signal. The second reference voltage and the second reference current are the maximum discharge voltage and the maximum discharge current within a preset safe range, and are not specifically limited herein.

[0079] Optionally, the second feedback module 50 includes: a fourth optocoupler P4, a fifth switch Q5, a second voltage feedback unit 51, and a second current feedback unit 52. The first end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler P4 is connected to the fourth reference ground GND4, and the second end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler P4 is connected to the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second driver chip U2; the first end of the fifth switch Q5 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler P4, and the second end of the fifth switch Q5 is connected to the first end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler P4; the second voltage feedback unit 51 is connected to the primary diode of the fourth optocoupler P4, and the second voltage feedback unit 51 is configured to control the conduction of the primary diode of the fourth optocoupler P4 when the discharge voltage of the battery cell is greater than the second reference voltage, so as to pull down the voltage of the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second driver chip U2; the second current feedback unit 52 is connected to the control end of the fifth switch Q5, and the second current feedback unit 52 is configured to control the conduction of the fifth switch Q, when the discharge current of the battery cell is greater than the second reference current, so as to pull down the voltage of the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second driver chip U2.

[0080] Specifically, when the battery cell discharges, when the discharge voltage of the battery cell is greater than the second reference voltage, the second voltage feedback unit 51 detects and makes the primary diode of the fourth optocoupler P4 conduct. The first end and the second end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler P4 also conduct, so that the voltage of the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second driver chip U2 is pulled down through the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler P4, and the second driver chip U2 self-regulates the duty cycle of the second PWM signal. The fourth optocoupler P4 is also a linear optocoupler. When the discharge voltage of the battery cell is larger, the voltage of the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second driver chip U2 is pulled lower, so that the duty cycle of the first PWM signal is reduced, and finally the discharge voltage of the battery cell drops, realizing feedback regulation.

[0081] Similarly, when the discharge current of the battery cell is greater than the second reference current, the second current feedback unit 52 controls the fifth switch Q5 to conduct, so that the voltage of the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second driver chip U2 is pulled down through the fifth switch Q5, so that the second driver chip U2 self-regulates, reduces the duty cycle of the second PWM signal, thereby limiting the discharge voltage of the battery cell, maintaining power conservation, and realizing a constant discharge current.

[0082] Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 FIGs. Figure 6 and Figure 7 are schematic structural diagrams of the sixth and seventh embodiments of the balancing circuit provided by the present application. The balancing circuit 100 includes: a transformer T, a first switch Q1, a first diode D1, a first driver chip U1, a first enabling module 10, a first driver chip U1, a second switch Q2, a second diode D2, a second driver chip U2, a second enabling module 20, and a main control module 30.

[0083] Among them, the first end of the primary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive end V1+ of the first power supply V1, and the first end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive end AB.POS of the battery cell; the first end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T, the second end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the first reference ground GND1 is connected to the negative end V1- of the first power supply V1; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T; the driving end GATE1 of the first driving chip U1 is connected to the control end of the first switch Q1; the first enabling module 10 is connected to the power supply end VCC1, the enabling end EN1 and the bias end BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1; the first end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T, the second end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the second reference ground GND2 is connected to the negative end AB.NEG of the battery cell; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T; the driving end GATE2 of the second driving chip U2 is connected to the control end of the second switch Q2; the second enabling module 20 is connected to the power supply end VCC2, the enabling end EN2 and the bias end BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2; the main control module 30 is connected to the first enabling module 10 and the second enabling module 20, and the main control module 30 is configured to: in response to the battery cell being charged, control the first enabling module 10 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply end VCC1 of the first driving chip U1, provide a bias voltage to the bias end BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling end EN1 of the first driving chip U1, so that the first driving chip U1 outputs a first PWM signal to the control end of the first switch Q1; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power supply V1, control the second enabling module 20 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply end VCC2 of the second driving chip U2, provide a bias voltage to the bias end BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling end EN2 of the second driving chip U2, so that the second driving chip U2 outputs a second PWM signal to the control end of the second switch Q2.

[0084] In some optional embodiments, as Figure 6 shown, Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the sixth embodiment of the balancing circuit 100 provided by the present application.

[0085] Optionally, the first voltage feedback unit 41 includes: a first operational amplifier A1, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, and a third capacitor C3. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier A1 is connected to the cathode of the third diode D3; the first end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier A1, and the second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is configured to input a third reference voltage VREF; the first end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier A1, and the second end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the positive terminal AB.POS of the battery cell; the first end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier A1; the first end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the second end of the fifteenth resistor R15, and the second end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier A1.

[0086] Specifically, for the third reference voltage VREF, it can be output by a reference voltage generation module (not shown in the figure). After the third power supply V3 is subjected to resistor voltage division, zener diode clamping, and capacitor filtering, a stable reference voltage can be provided.

[0087] Specifically, in an embodiment, when charging the battery cell, the voltage at the positive terminal of the battery cell is divided by a voltage dividing resistor (such as resistor R44 and resistor R45) and then output to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier A1 through the fourteenth resistor R14. At the same time, the third reference voltage VREF is input to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier A1 after passing through the thirteenth resistor R13; at the same time, the positive power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier A1 is connected to the third power supply V3, and the negative power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier A1 is connected to the fourth reference ground GND4. The fifteenth resistor R15 and the third capacitor C3 are used to linearize the output of the first operational amplifier A1 so that the output does not change suddenly. When the voltage at the positive terminal of the battery cell is too high, the first operational amplifier A1 outputs a continuously decreasing voltage signal. At this time, the cathode voltage of the third diode D3 is pulled down, and the third diode D3 conducts, causing the third optocoupler P3 to conduct and pulling down the voltage at the compensation terminal of the first drive chip U1 to adjust the first PWM signal.

[0088] Optionally, the balancing circuit 100 further includes a current sampling resistor RS. The first end of the current sampling resistor RS is connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell, and the second end of the current sampling resistor RS is connected to the second reference ground GND2. The first current feedback unit 42 includes: a second operational amplifier A2, a sixteenth resistor R16, a seventeenth resistor R17, an eighteenth resistor R18, and a fourth capacitor C4. The output terminal of the second operational amplifier A2 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode D4; the first end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to the first input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2 and is configured to input a third reference voltage VREF, and the second end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to the second reference ground GND2; the first end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to the second input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2, and the second end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell; the first end of the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected to the second input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2; the first end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the second end of the eighteenth resistor R18, and the second end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier A2.

[0089] Specifically, when the battery cell is charging, the current flows from the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell through the current sampling resistor RS to the second reference ground GND2. At this time, the second reference ground GND2 is the lowest potential point, so there is a voltage drop from the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell to the second reference ground GND2. In an embodiment, a voltage dividing resistor (such as resistor R46 and resistor R47) can be connected to the first input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2 for voltage division. After the third reference voltage VREF flows through the sixteenth resistor R16, it is divided by the voltage dividing resistor and then input to the first input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2. When the charging current is overcurrent, the voltage at the second input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2 increases and exceeds the voltage at the first input terminal. The second operational amplifier A2 outputs a low-level signal. At this time, the voltage at the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is pulled down, and the fourth diode D4 conducts, causing the third optocoupler P3 to conduct and pulling down the voltage at the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second drive chip U2 to adjust the second PWM signal.

[0090] In some optional embodiments, as Figure 7 shown, Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the seventh embodiment of the balancing circuit 100 provided in the present application.

[0091] Optionally, the second voltage feedback unit 51 includes: a third voltage stabilizing diode S3, a nineteenth resistor R19, a twentieth resistor R20, and a twenty-first resistor R21. The cathode of the third voltage stabilizing diode S3 is connected to the cathode of the primary diode of the fourth optocoupler P4, and the anode of the third voltage stabilizing diode S3 is connected to the first reference ground GND1; the first end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is configured to input the discharge voltage of the battery cell, and the second end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected to the power supply terminal of the third voltage stabilizing diode S3; the first end of the twentieth resistor R20 is connected to the second end of the nineteenth resistor R19, and the second end of the twentieth resistor R20 is connected to the anode of the third voltage stabilizing diode S3; the first end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is configured to input the discharge voltage of the battery cell, and the second end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is connected to the anode of the primary diode of the fourth optocoupler P4.

[0092] Specifically, when the battery cell discharges, the discharge voltage is divided by the nineteenth resistor R19 and the twentieth resistor R20 and then input to the power supply terminal of the third voltage stabilizing diode S3. When the discharge voltage is too high and the voltage at the voltage division node is greater than the conduction voltage of the third voltage stabilizing diode S3, the third voltage stabilizing diode S3 conducts, pulling down the voltage of the cathode of the primary diode of the fourth optocoupler P4, causing the fourth optocoupler P4 to conduct, pulling down the voltage of the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second drive chip U2, thereby adjusting the second PWM signal.

[0093] Optionally, the balancing circuit 100 further includes a current sampling resistor RS. The first end of the current sampling resistor RS is connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell, and the second end of the current sampling resistor RS is connected to the second reference ground GND2. The second current feedback unit 52 includes: a third operational amplifier A3, a twenty-second resistor R22, a twenty-third resistor R23, a fifth capacitor C5, a twenty-fourth resistor R24, and a sixth capacitor C6. The output terminal of the third operational amplifier A3 is connected to the control terminal of the fifth switch Q5; the first end of the twenty-second resistor R22 is connected to the first input terminal of the third operational amplifier A3, and the second end of the twenty-second resistor R22 is connected to the second reference ground GND2; the first end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is connected to the second input terminal of the third operational amplifier A3 and is configured to input a third reference voltage VREF, and the second end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell; the first end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the first input terminal of the third operational amplifier A3, and the second end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the second input terminal of the third operational amplifier A3; the first end of the twenty-fourth resistor R24 is connected to the second input terminal of the third operational amplifier A3; the first end of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected to the second end of the twenty-fourth resistor R24, and the second end of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected to the output terminal of the third operational amplifier A3.

[0094] Specifically, when the battery cell discharges, the current flows from the second reference ground GND2 through the current sampling resistor RS to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell. At this time, the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell is the lowest potential point, so there is a voltage drop from the second reference ground GND2 to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell. In one embodiment, the twenty-second resistor R22 can also be connected in series with a resistor (such as resistor R48) for current limiting. Therefore, the voltage at the first input terminal of the third operational amplifier A3 is the voltage drop from the second reference ground GND2 to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell. After the third reference voltage VREF flows through the twenty-third resistor R23, it is divided by the voltage dividing resistors (such as resistor R49 and resistor R50) and then input to the second input terminal of the third operational amplifier A3. When the current is overcurrent, the voltage at the first input terminal of the third operational amplifier A3 increases. When it exceeds the voltage at the second input terminal, the third operational amplifier A3 outputs a high-level signal, causing the fifth switch Q5 to conduct, pulling down the voltage at the compensation terminal COMP2 of the second drive chip U2, thereby adjusting the second PWM signal. In one embodiment, a pull-down resistor (such as resistor R51) and a capacitor (such as capacitor C20) can also be connected between the control terminal and the second terminal of the fifth switch Q5 to prevent the fifth switch Q5 from experiencing an instantaneous overshoot and causing instability in the loop.

[0095] Refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 FIG. and FIG.

[0095] are schematic structural diagrams of the eighth and ninth embodiments of the balancing circuit provided in the present application. The balancing circuit 100 includes: a transformer T, a first switch Q1, a first diode D1, a first drive chip U1, a first enabling module 10, a first drive chip U1, a second switch Q2, a second diode D2, a second drive chip U2, a second enabling module 20, and a main control module 30.

[0096] Among them, the first end of the primary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive terminal V1+ of the first power supply V1, and the first end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive terminal AB.POS of the battery cell; the first end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T, the second end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the first reference ground GND1 is connected to the negative terminal V1- of the first power supply V1; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T; the driving terminal GATE1 of the first driving chip U1 is connected to the control terminal of the first switch Q1; the first enabling module 10 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC1, the enabling terminal EN1, and the bias terminal BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1; the first end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T, the second end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the second reference ground GND2 is connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T; the driving terminal GATE2 of the second driving chip U2 is connected to the control terminal of the second switch Q2; the second enabling module 20 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC2, the enabling terminal EN2, and the bias terminal BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2; the main control module 30 is connected to the first enabling module 10 and the second enabling module 20, and the main control module 30 is configured to: in response to the battery cell being charged, control the first enabling module 10 to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply terminal VCC1 of the first driving chip U1, provide a bias voltage to the bias terminal BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling terminal EN1 of the first driving chip U1, so that the first driving chip U1 outputs a first PWM signal to the control terminal of the first switch Q1; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power supply V1, control the second enabling module 20 to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply terminal VCC2 of the second driving chip U2, provide a bias voltage to the bias terminal BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling terminal EN2 of the second driving chip U2, so that the second driving chip U2 outputs a second PWM signal to the control terminal of the second switch Q2.

[0097] In some optional embodiments, as Figure 8 shown, Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the eighth embodiment of the balancing circuit 100 provided by the present application.

[0098] Optionally, the balancing circuit 100 further includes: a current detection module 60, connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell, the second reference ground, the main control module 30, and the fourth power supply V4, and the current detection module 60 is configured to detect the charging current and discharging current of the battery cell.

[0099] Optionally, the current detection module 60 includes: a detection chip U3, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a fourth voltage regulator diode S4, and a twenty-fifth resistor R25. The first input terminal IN- of the detection chip U3 is connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell, the second input terminal IN+ of the detection chip U3 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, the output terminal of the detection chip U3 is connected to the main control module 30, and the power supply terminal VS of the detection chip U3 is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth power supply V4; the first end of the seventh capacitor C7 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5, and the fifth reference ground GND5 is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth power supply V4; the second end of the seventh capacitor C7 is connected to the power supply terminal VS of the detection chip U3; the first end of the eighth capacitor C8 is connected to the reference terminal REF of the detection chip U3, and the second end of the eighth capacitor C8 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5; the cathode and the power supply terminal of the fourth voltage regulator diode S4 are connected to the reference terminal REF of the detection chip U3, and the anode of the fourth voltage regulator diode S4 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5; the first end of the twenty-fifth resistor R25 is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth power supply V4, and the second end of the twenty-fifth resistor R25 is connected to the reference terminal of the detection chip U3.

[0100] Specifically, the current detection module 60 detects the charging and discharging current of the battery cell. When the battery cell is charging, the current flows from the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell to the second reference ground GND2; when the battery cell is discharging, the current flows from the second reference ground GND2 to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell. Since the current flow directions are different during the charging and discharging of the battery cell, a negative voltage will be generated, which affects the current detection. The negative voltage can be offset by an input bias voltage to adjust it to a positive voltage range.

[0101] Specifically, the voltage output by the fourth power supply V4 is regulated by the twenty-fifth resistor R25 and the fourth voltage regulator diode S4 and then outputs a bias voltage to the reference terminal REF of the detection chip U3. For example, the fourth power supply V4 can be a voltage source that can provide a stable 5V DC voltage. After the 5V voltage is divided by the twenty-fifth resistor R25 and regulated by the fourth voltage regulator diode S4, it remains at 2.5V, providing a 2.5V bias voltage to the reference terminal of the detection chip U3.

[0102] In some optional embodiments, as Figure 9 shown, Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the ninth embodiment of the balancing circuit 100 provided by the present application.

[0103] Optionally, the balancing circuit 100 further includes: a voltage detection module 70, connected to the battery cell, the fourth power supply V4, and the main control module 30. The voltage detection module 70 is configured to detect the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of the battery cell.

[0104] Optionally, the voltage detection module 70 includes: a protection unit 71, the first input end of the protection unit 71 is connected to the positive end AB.POS of the battery cell and the fourth power supply V4, and the second input end of the protection unit 71 is connected to the negative end AB.NEG of the battery cell and the output end of the protection unit 71.

[0105] Optionally, the protection unit 71 includes: a fourth operational amplifier A4, a ninth capacitor C9, a tenth capacitor C10, a twenty-sixth resistor R26, a twenty-seventh resistor R27, an eleventh capacitor C11, a twenty-eighth resistor R28, a twenty-ninth resistor R29, and a twelfth capacitor C12. The first input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4 is connected to the positive end AB.POS of the battery cell, the second input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4 is connected to the negative end AB.NEG of the battery cell, the positive power supply end of the fourth operational amplifier A4 is connected to the fourth power supply V4, and the negative power supply end of the fourth operational amplifier A4 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5; the first end of the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the positive end of the fourth power supply V4, and the second end of the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5; the first end of the tenth capacitor C10 is connected to the second end of the ninth capacitor C9, and the second end of the tenth capacitor C10 is connected to the first input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4; the first end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is connected to the second end of the ninth capacitor C9, and the second end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is connected to the first input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4; the first end of the twenty-seventh resistor R27 is connected to the positive end AB.POS of the battery cell, and the second end of the twenty-seventh resistor R27 is connected to the first input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4; the first end of the eleventh capacitor C11 is connected to the first input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4, and the second end of the eleventh capacitor C11 is connected to the second input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4; the first end of the twenty-eighth resistor R28 is connected to the negative end AB.NEG of the battery cell, and the second end of the twenty-eighth resistor R28 is connected to the second input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4; the first end of the twenty-ninth resistor R29 is connected to the second input end of the fourth operational amplifier A4, and the second end of the twenty-ninth resistor R29 is connected to the output end of the fourth operational amplifier A4; the first end of the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected to the second input end of the fourth operational amplifier, and the second end of the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected to the output end of the fourth operational amplifier A4.

[0106] Optionally, the voltage detection module 70 further includes: an amplification unit 72, the first input end of the amplification unit 72 is connected to the output end of the protection unit 71, and the second input end of the amplification unit 72 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5 and the output end of the amplification unit 72.

[0107] Optionally, the amplification unit 72 includes: a fifth operational amplifier A5, a thirtieth resistor R30, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a thirty-first resistor R31, and a thirty-second resistor R32. The first input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5 is connected to the output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier A4, the second input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5, and the output terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5 is connected to the main control module 30; the first end of the thirtieth resistor R30 is connected to the output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier A4, and the second end of the thirtieth resistor R30 is connected to the first input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5; the first end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5, and the second end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected to the first input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5; the first end of the thirty-first resistor R31 is connected to the fifth reference ground GND5, and the second end of the thirty-first resistor R31 is connected to the second input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5; the first end of the thirty-second resistor R32 is connected to the second input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5, and the second end of the thirty-second resistor R32 is connected to the output terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5.

[0108] Specifically, in one embodiment, resistors (such as resistor R52 and resistor R53) can be added to the input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier A4 to adjust the input impedance, gain, etc., and a resistor (such as resistor R54) can also be added to the second input terminal and the output terminal of the fifth operational amplifier A5.

[0109] Specifically, the positive terminal AB.POS and the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell are respectively connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier A4. At the same time, the fourth operational amplifier A4 is also connected to the fifth reference ground GND5. The positive terminal AB.POS and the negative terminal of the battery cell have a high common-mode voltage with respect to the fifth reference ground GND5. The protection unit 71 is used to eliminate the common-mode signal to ensure that the circuit acquisition signal is not interfered; the amplification unit 72 is used to amplify the signal, so as to ensure the accuracy of the signal acquired by the main control module 30.

[0110] Refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of the tenth embodiment of the balancing circuit provided by the present application. The balancing circuit 100 includes: a transformer T, a first switch Q1, a first diode D1, a first driving chip U1, a first enabling module 10, a first driving chip U1, a second switch Q2, a second diode D2, a second driving chip U2, a second enabling module 20, and a main control module 30.

[0111] Among them, the first end of the primary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive terminal V1+ of the first power supply V1, and the first end of the secondary side of the transformer T is connected to the positive terminal AB.POS of the battery cell; the first end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T, the second end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the first reference ground GND1 is connected to the negative terminal V1- of the first power supply V1; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first reference ground GND1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer T; the driving terminal GATE1 of the first driving chip U1 is connected to the control terminal of the first switch Q1; the first enabling module 10 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC1, the enabling terminal EN1 and the bias terminal BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1; the first end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T, the second end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the second reference ground GND2 is connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second reference ground GND2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer T; the driving terminal GATE2 of the second driving chip U2 is connected to the control terminal of the second switch Q2; the second enabling module 20 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC2, the enabling terminal EN2 and the bias terminal BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2; the main control module 30 is connected to the first enabling module 10 and the second enabling module 20, and the main control module 30 is configured to: in response to the battery cell being charged, control the first enabling module 10 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply terminal VCC1 of the first driving chip U1, provide a bias voltage to the bias terminal BIAS1 of the first driving chip U1, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling terminal EN1 of the first driving chip U1, so that the first driving chip U1 outputs a first PWM signal to the control terminal of the first switch Q1; or in response to the battery cell discharging to the first power supply V1, control the second enabling module 20 to provide a supply voltage to the power supply terminal VCC2 of the second driving chip U2, provide a bias voltage to the bias terminal BIAS2 of the second driving chip U2, and provide an enabling voltage to the enabling terminal EN2 of the second driving chip U2, so that the second driving chip U2 outputs a second PWM signal to the control terminal of the second switch Q2.

[0112] Optionally, the balancing circuit 100 further includes: a fourteenth capacitor C14, a fifteenth capacitor C15, and a sixteenth capacitor C16. The first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14 is connected to the positive terminal V1+ of the first power supply V1, and the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14 is connected to the first reference ground GND1; the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected to the positive terminal AB.POS of the battery cell, and the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected to the second reference ground GND2 and the first terminal of the current sampling resistor RS; the first terminal of the sixteenth capacitor C16 is connected to the positive terminal AB.POS of the battery cell, and the second terminal of the sixteenth capacitor C16 is connected to the negative terminal AB.NEG of the battery cell and the second terminal of the current sampling resistor RS. Specifically, the fourteenth capacitor C14 is a filter capacitor for the first power supply V1, and the fifteenth capacitor C15 and the sixteenth capacitor C16 are filter and energy storage capacitors when the battery cell is charged, so as to ensure stable charging operation.

[0113] Optionally, the balancing circuit 100 further includes: a first protection module 80 and a second protection module 90.

[0114] Optionally, the first protection module 80 includes: a fifth voltage stabilizing diode S5, a thirty-second resistor R32, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a fifth diode D5, and a thirty-third resistor R33. The anode of the fifth voltage stabilizing diode S5 is connected to the first terminal of the primary side of the transformer T; the first terminal of the thirty-second resistor R32 is connected to the first terminal of the primary side of the transformer T, and the second terminal of the thirty-second resistor R32 is connected to the cathode of the fifth voltage stabilizing diode S5; the first terminal of the seventeenth capacitor C17 is connected to the first terminal of the primary side of the transformer T, and the second terminal of the seventeenth capacitor C17 is connected to the cathode of the fifth voltage stabilizing diode S5; the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the cathode of the fifth voltage stabilizing diode S5; the first terminal of the thirty-third resistor R33 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D5, and the second terminal of the thirty-third resistor R33 is connected to the second terminal of the primary side of the transformer T.

[0115] Optionally, the second protection module 90 includes: a sixth voltage stabilizing diode S6, a thirty-fourth resistor R34, an eighteenth capacitor C18, a sixth diode D6, and a thirty-fifth resistor R35. The anode of the sixth voltage stabilizing diode S6 is connected to the first terminal of the secondary side of the transformer T; the first terminal of the thirty-fourth resistor R34 is connected to the first terminal of the secondary side of the transformer T, and the second terminal of the thirty-fourth resistor R34 is connected to the cathode of the sixth voltage stabilizing diode S6; the first terminal of the eighteenth capacitor C18 is connected to the first terminal of the secondary side of the transformer T, and the second terminal of the eighteenth capacitor C18 is connected to the cathode of the sixth voltage stabilizing diode S6; the cathode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the cathode of the sixth voltage stabilizing diode S6; the first terminal of the thirty-fifth resistor R35 is connected to the anode of the sixth diode, and the second terminal of the thirty-fifth resistor R35 is connected to the second terminal of the secondary side of the transformer T.

[0116] Specifically, the first protection module 80 and the second protection module 90 are used to absorb instantaneous overvoltage and overcurrent, protect the circuit from voltage fluctuations, and at the same time protect the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2. The current is limited by a resistor, the instantaneous overvoltage is absorbed by a capacitor, and the voltage is clamped by a voltage regulator diode.

[0117] See Figure 11 , Figure 11 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the battery management system provided by the present application. The battery management system 1000 includes at least one battery cluster 200, and each battery cluster 200 includes a plurality of parallel or series-connected battery cells; a balancing module 300 connected to the battery cells; and a control module 400 connected to the balancing module 300. Among them, the balancing module 300 includes the balancing circuit 100 as described above. The balancing circuit 100 is as described in the above embodiment and will not be elaborated here.

[0118] See Figure 12 , Figure 12 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the electronic device 2000 provided by the present application. The electronic device 2000 includes the battery management system 1000 as described above.

[0119] In several implementation manners provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device implementation manners described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.

[0120] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this implementation manner.

[0121] In addition, the functional units in various implementation manners of the present application can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0122] The above are only the implementation manners of the present application, and do not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structural or equivalent process transformation made by using the specification and drawings of the present application, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present application by the same token.

Claims

1. An equalizing circuit, characterized in that: The equalization circuit comprises: A transformer, wherein a first end of a primary side of the transformer is connected to a positive terminal of a first power source, and a first end of a secondary side of the transformer is connected to a positive terminal of a battery cell; a first switch, wherein a first end of the first switch is connected to the second end of the primary side of the transformer, a second end of the first switch is connected to a first reference ground, and the first reference ground is connected to the negative end of the first power supply; a first diode, wherein an anode of the first diode is connected to a first reference ground, and a cathode of the first diode is connected to the second terminal of the primary side of the transformer; a first driver chip, wherein a driving terminal of the first driver chip is connected to a control terminal of the first switch; a first enabling module connected to a power supply terminal, an enabling terminal, and a bias terminal of the first driver chip; a second switch, wherein a first end of the second switch is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the transformer, a second end of the second switch is connected to a second reference ground, and the second reference ground is connected to the negative end of the battery cell; a second diode, wherein an anode of the second diode is connected to a second reference ground, and a cathode of the second diode is connected to a second terminal of a secondary side of the transformer; a second driver chip, wherein a driving terminal of the second driver chip is connected to a control terminal of the second switch; a second enabling module, the second enabling module being connected to a power supply terminal, an enabling terminal, and a bias terminal of the second driving chip; A main control module is connected to the first enabling module and the second enabling module, and the main control module is configured to: In response to the battery cell being charged, controlling the first enabling module to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply terminal of the first driver chip, a bias voltage to the bias terminal of the first driver chip, and an enable voltage to the enable terminal of the first driver chip, so that the driver terminal of the first driver chip outputs a first PWM signal to the control terminal of the first switch; or In response to the battery cell discharging, controlling the second enabling module to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply terminal of the second driver chip, a bias voltage to the bias terminal of the second driver chip, and an enable voltage to the enable terminal of the second driver chip, so that the driver terminal of the second driver chip outputs a second PWM signal to the control terminal of the second switch; a first feedback module connected to the compensation terminal of the first driver chip, wherein the first feedback module is configured to lower the voltage of the compensation terminal of the first driver chip to adjust the first PWM signal when the charging voltage of the battery cell is greater than a first reference voltage or the charging current of the battery cell is greater than a first reference current; The second feedback module is connected to the compensation terminal of the second driver chip. The second feedback module is configured to lower the voltage of the compensation terminal of the second driver chip to adjust the second PWM signal when the discharge voltage of the battery cell is greater than the second reference voltage or the discharge current of the battery cell is greater than the second reference current.

2. The equalizing circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The first enabling module includes: a third switch, wherein a first end of the third switch is connected to the positive end of the second power supply, and a second end of the third switch is connected to the bias end and the power supply end of the first driver chip; a first voltage dividing unit, wherein a first end of the first voltage dividing unit is connected to the second end of the third switch, a second end of the first voltage dividing unit is connected to a third reference ground, the third reference ground is connected to the negative end of the second power supply, and a voltage dividing node of the first voltage dividing unit is connected to an enable end of the first driver chip; a first control unit, the first control unit being connected to the main control module and the control end of the third switch, and the first control unit being configured to control the third switch to be turned on when the battery cell is being charged; or The second enabling module includes: a fourth switch, wherein a first end of the fourth switch is connected to the positive end of the third power supply, and a second end of the fourth switch is connected to the bias end and the power supply end of the second driver chip; a second voltage dividing unit, wherein a first end of the second voltage dividing unit is connected to the second end of the fourth switch, a second end of the second voltage dividing unit is connected to a fourth reference ground, the fourth reference ground is connected to the negative end of the third power supply, and a voltage dividing node of the second voltage dividing unit is connected to an enable end of the second driver chip; A second control unit is connected to the main control module and the control end of the fourth switch, and the second control unit is configured to control the fourth switch to be turned on when the battery cell is discharging.

3. The equalizing circuit according to claim 2, wherein: The first control unit includes: a first optocoupler, wherein an anode of a primary diode of the first optocoupler is connected to the main control module, and a first end of a secondary diode of the first optocoupler is connected to a third reference ground; a first resistor, wherein a first end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the third switch, and a second end of the first resistor is connected to the control end of the third switch; a second resistor, wherein a first end of the second resistor is connected to the control end of the third switch, and a second end of the second resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the first optocoupler; or The second control unit includes: a second optocoupler, wherein an anode of a primary diode of the second optocoupler is connected to the main control module, and a first end of a secondary diode of the first optocoupler is connected to a fourth reference ground; a third resistor, wherein a first end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth switch, and a second end of the third resistor is connected to the control end of the fourth switch; a fourth resistor, wherein a first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the control end of the fourth switch, and a second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the second optocoupler.

4. The equalizing circuit according to claim 2, wherein: The first voltage dividing unit includes: a fifth resistor, wherein a first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the second end of the third switch, and a second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the enable end of the first driver chip; a sixth resistor, wherein a first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor, and a second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the third reference ground; or The second voltage dividing unit includes: a seventh resistor, wherein a first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the second end of the fourth switch, and a second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the enable end of the second driving chip; an eighth resistor, wherein a first end of the eighth resistor is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor, and a second end of the eighth resistor is connected to a fourth reference ground.

5. The equalizing circuit according to claim 2, wherein: The balancing circuit further includes: a first voltage-stabilizing diode, wherein a cathode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to a driving end of the first driving chip, and an anode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to a current feedback end of the first driving chip and a second end of the first switch; a first capacitor, wherein a first end of the first capacitor is connected to a current feedback end of the first driver chip, and a second end of the first capacitor is connected to a voltage feedback end of the first driver chip and a third reference ground; a ninth resistor, wherein a first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the second end of the first switch, and a second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the first reference ground; a second voltage-stabilizing diode, wherein a cathode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to a driving terminal of the second driving chip, and an anode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to a current feedback terminal of the second driving chip and a second terminal of the second switch; a second capacitor, wherein a first end of the second capacitor is connected to a current feedback end of the second driver chip, and a second end of the second capacitor is connected to a voltage feedback end of the second driver chip and a fourth reference ground; a tenth resistor, wherein a first end of the tenth resistor is connected to the second end of the second switch, and a second end of the tenth resistor is connected to the second reference ground.

6. The equalizing circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The first feedback module includes: a third optocoupler, wherein an anode of a primary diode of the third optocoupler is connected to a positive terminal of the battery cell, a first terminal of a secondary diode of the third optocoupler is connected to a third reference ground, and a second terminal of a secondary diode of the third optocoupler is connected to a compensation terminal of the first driver chip; an eleventh resistor, wherein a first end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell, and a second end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the anode of the third optocoupler primary diode; a twelfth resistor, wherein a first end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor, and a second end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the cathode of the third optocoupler primary diode; a third diode, wherein the anode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the third optocoupler primary diode; a first voltage feedback unit, wherein an output end of the first voltage feedback unit is connected to a cathode of the third diode, and the first voltage feedback unit is configured to lower a voltage of the cathode of the third diode when the charging voltage of the battery cell is greater than the first reference voltage; a fourth diode, wherein an anode of the fourth diode is connected to a cathode of the third optocoupler primary diode; A first current feedback unit, wherein the output end of the first current feedback unit is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode, and the first current feedback unit is configured to lower the voltage of the cathode of the fourth diode when the charging current of the battery cell is greater than the first reference current.

7. The equalizing circuit according to claim 6, wherein: The first voltage feedback unit includes: a first operational amplifier, wherein an output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to a cathode of the third diode; a thirteenth resistor, wherein a first end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the first input end of the first operational amplifier, and a second end of the thirteenth resistor is configured to input a third reference voltage; a fourteenth resistor, wherein a first end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the second input end of the first operational amplifier, and a second end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell; a fifteenth resistor, a first end of the fifteenth resistor being connected to the second input end of the first operational amplifier; A third capacitor, wherein a first end of the third capacitor is connected to the second end of the fifteenth resistor, and a second end of the third capacitor is connected to the output end of the first operational amplifier.

8. The equalizing circuit according to claim 6, wherein: The balancing circuit further includes a current sampling resistor, wherein a first end of the current sampling resistor is connected to the negative end of the battery cell, and a second end of the current sampling resistor is connected to a second reference ground. The first current feedback unit includes: a second operational amplifier, wherein an output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to a cathode of the fourth diode; a sixteenth resistor, wherein a first end of the sixteenth resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the second operational amplifier and is configured to input a third reference voltage, and a second end of the sixteenth resistor is connected to a second reference ground; a seventeenth resistor, wherein a first end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the second input end of the second operational amplifier, and a second end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the negative end of the battery cell; an eighteenth resistor, a first end of the eighteenth resistor being connected to the second input end of the second operational amplifier; A fourth capacitor, wherein a first end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the second end of the eighteenth resistor, and a second end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier.

9. The equalizing circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The second feedback module includes: a fourth optocoupler, wherein a first end of a secondary side of the fourth optocoupler is connected to a fourth reference ground, and a second end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler is connected to a compensation end of the second driver chip; a fifth switch, wherein a first end of the fifth switch is connected to the second end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler, and a second end of the fifth switch is connected to the first end of the secondary side of the fourth optocoupler; a second voltage feedback unit, the second voltage feedback unit being connected to the fourth optocoupler primary diode, and the second voltage feedback unit being configured to control the fourth optocoupler primary diode to conduct when the discharge voltage of the battery cell is greater than a second reference voltage, so as to lower the voltage of the compensation terminal of the second driver chip; A second current feedback unit, wherein the second current feedback unit is connected to the control end of the fifth switch, and the second current feedback unit is configured to control the fifth switch to be turned on when the discharge current of the battery cell is greater than the second reference current, so as to lower the voltage of the compensation end of the second driver chip.

10. The equalizing circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second voltage feedback unit includes: a third voltage-stabilizing diode, wherein a cathode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to a cathode of the fourth optocoupler primary diode, and an anode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to a first reference ground; a nineteenth resistor, wherein a first end of the nineteenth resistor is configured to input the discharge voltage of the battery cell, and a second end of the nineteenth resistor is connected to the power supply end of the third voltage regulator tube; a 20th resistor, wherein a first end of the 20th resistor is connected to the second end of the 19th resistor, and a second end of the 20th resistor is connected to the anode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode; A twenty-first resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-first resistor is configured to input the discharge voltage of the battery cell, and a second end of the twenty-first resistor is connected to the anode of the fourth optocoupler primary diode.

11. The equalizing circuit according to claim 9, wherein: The balancing circuit further includes a current sampling resistor, wherein a first end of the current sampling resistor is connected to the negative end of the battery cell, and a second end of the current sampling resistor is connected to a second reference ground. The second current feedback unit includes: a third operational amplifier, wherein an output terminal of the third operational amplifier is connected to a control terminal of the fifth switch; a twenty-second resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the first input end of the third operational amplifier, and a second end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the second reference ground; a twenty-third resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-third resistor is connected to the second input end of the third operational amplifier and is configured to input a third reference voltage, and a second end of the twenty-third resistor is connected to the negative end of the battery cell; a fifth capacitor, wherein a first end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the first input end of the third operational amplifier, and a second end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the second input end of the third operational amplifier; a twenty-fourth resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-fourth resistor is connected to the second input end of the third operational amplifier; A sixth capacitor, wherein a first end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the second end of the twenty-fourth resistor, and a second end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the output end of the third operational amplifier.

12. The equalizing circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The balancing circuit further includes: a current detection module connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell, the negative terminal of the second power supply, the control module and the fourth power supply, wherein the current detection module is configured to detect the charging current and the discharging current of the battery cell; A voltage detection module is connected to the battery cell, the fourth power supply and the control module, and the voltage detection module is configured to detect the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of the battery cell.

13. The equalizing circuit according to claim 12, wherein: The current detection module includes: A detection chip, wherein a first input terminal of the detection chip is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell, a second input terminal of the detection chip is connected to the second reference ground, an output terminal of the detection chip is connected to the control module, and a power supply terminal of the detection chip is connected to the positive terminal of a fourth power supply; a seventh capacitor, wherein a first end of the seventh capacitor is connected to a fifth reference ground, which is connected to the negative end of the fourth power supply; and a second end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the power supply end of the detection chip; an eighth capacitor, wherein a first end of the eighth capacitor is connected to the reference end of the detection chip, and a second end of the eighth capacitor is connected to a fifth reference ground; a fourth voltage-stabilizing tube, wherein a cathode and a power supply terminal of the fourth voltage-stabilizing tube are connected to a reference terminal of the detection chip, and an anode of the fourth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected to a fifth reference ground; A twenty-fifth resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-fifth resistor is connected to the positive end of the fourth power supply, and a second end of the twenty-fifth resistor is connected to the reference end of the detection chip.

14. The equalizing circuit according to claim 12, wherein: The voltage detection module includes: a fourth operational amplifier, wherein a first input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell, and a second input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell; a ninth capacitor, wherein a first end of the ninth capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth power supply, and a second end of the ninth capacitor is connected to the fifth reference ground; a tenth capacitor, wherein a first end of the tenth capacitor is connected to the second end of the ninth capacitor, and a second end of the tenth capacitor is connected to the first input end of the fourth operational amplifier; a twenty-sixth resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-sixth resistor is connected to the second end of the ninth capacitor, and a second end of the twenty-sixth resistor is connected to the first input end of the fourth operational amplifier; a twenty-seventh resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-seventh resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell, and a second end of the twenty-seventh resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; an eleventh capacitor, wherein a first end of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the first input end of the fourth operational amplifier, and a second end of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the second input end of the fourth operational amplifier; a twenty-eighth resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-eighth resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell, and a second end of the twenty-eighth resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; a twenty-ninth resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the second input end of the fourth operational amplifier, and a second end of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the fourth operational amplifier; a twelfth capacitor, wherein a first end of the twelfth capacitor is connected to the second input end of the fourth operational amplifier, and a second end of the twelfth capacitor is connected to the output end of the fourth operational amplifier; a fifth operational amplifier, wherein a first input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier, a second input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier is connected to a fifth reference ground, and an output terminal of the fifth operational amplifier is connected to the control module; a twenty-ninth resistor, wherein a first end of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the fourth operational amplifier, and a second end of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the first input end of the fifth operational amplifier; a thirteenth capacitor, wherein a first end of the thirteenth capacitor is connected to the fifth reference ground, and a second end of the thirteenth capacitor is connected to the first input end of the fifth operational amplifier; a 30th resistor, a first end of the 30th resistor being connected to the fifth reference ground, and a second end of the 30th resistor being connected to the second input end of the fifth operational amplifier; A thirty-first resistor, wherein a first end of the thirty-first resistor is connected to the second input end of the fifth operational amplifier, and a second end of the thirty-first resistor is connected to the output end of the fifth operational amplifier.

15. A battery management system, characterized in that: The battery management system includes: At least one battery cluster, each of the battery clusters comprising a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel or in series; a balancing module, connected to the battery cells; A control module connected to the balancing module; Wherein, the balancing module includes the balancing circuit according to any one of claims 1-14.

16. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes the battery management system according to claim 15 .

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