A lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a lumbar interforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer, comprising a simulator base and a simulator cover, wherein the simulator base is fixedly connected to the simulator cover by a plurality of buckles, a silicone part simulating human soft tissue is bonded to the simulator cover, a bone module is arranged between the silicone part simulating human soft tissue and the simulator base, the bone module is fixedly connected to the simulator base by a clamping plate, a tension sensor body is arranged on one side of the bone module, and a tension sensor support is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base. The trainer for realistically restoring lumbar interforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery improves the authenticity of the trainer by arranging a silicone part simulating human soft tissue, a bone module, a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root, and a simulated first sacral nerve running root, so that the trainer has a realistic anatomical structure and feel, which helps to improve the technical level of the operator.

Description

[0001] Priority application

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese invention patent application [CN202410997767X] "[A lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer]" filed on July 23, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The invention relates to the technical field of surgical trainers, and in particular to a lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgical trainer. Background Art

[0004] At present, lumbar interforaminal endoscopy simulation training equipment needs to conform to the real human anatomical structure, meet the needs of full-process surgical training, and have a scientific evaluation mechanism to effectively improve the relevant technical level of trainees. At present, there are few simulation training equipment for minimally invasive surgery of lumbar disc herniation on the market, which can be roughly divided into two categories: virtual reality simulators and physical simulators.

[0005] Among them, virtual reality simulators need to be equipped with high-performance and high-computing power equipment, which will increase the teaching costs of medical institutions. Especially for some medical institutions with limited funds, it is not realistic to purchase a large number of equipment. In addition, virtual simulators do not have a real hand-feel training process. Most of the existing surgical trainers are general-purpose, and there is no trainer for lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery.

[0006] For example, the existing CN202694653U discloses a multi-purpose laparoscopic surgery trainer including: a box body for simulating the inflated human abdominal cavity and a shell and a bottom plate matched with the shell; a drawer for placing training tasks. The surface of the shell is a curved surface similar to the human abdomen and multiple operation holes for training are designed in accordance with the Ergonomics principle. The inner surface of the operation hole is provided with a rubber ring simulating the skin of the human abdomen. The outer surface of the shell is located at the umbilical position of the simulated human body and is also provided with an operation hole that can adapt to single-hole laparoscopic surgery training. The outer surface of the shell is also provided with a boss for inserting a camera, and a ball seat, a spherical gasket, a pressure ring and a universal ball handle are installed in sequence in the boss. The front end of the universal ball handle is equipped with a camera. The inner surface of the shell is provided with a light strip for lighting inside the trainer. The inner wall of the shell is also provided with a door stopper for locking the drawer. The shell is provided with a panel for installing a power socket and a video socket.

[0007] Among them, CN115662254A discloses a laparoscopic surgery trainer, which belongs to the field of medical education and training technology, including a hollow box, a mounting port is provided on the upper side of the hollow box, a simulated skin is provided on the mounting port, a plurality of operation holes are opened on the upper side of the simulated skin, a mounting box is plugged into the right side of the hollow box, a base plate is provided in the concealed box, a simulated visceral model component is provided on the upper side of the base plate, and multiple groups of body fluid circulation pipelines are connected to the simulated visceral model component, and each group of body fluid circulation pipelines is connected to a body fluid delivery device. The simulated visceral model component provided in the present invention makes the operator's perception of laparoscopic surgery more realistic, which is conducive to improving the operator's training effect and facilitating novices to master the skills of laparoscopic surgery more quickly.

[0008] However, on the one hand, the above-mentioned surgical trainers are general-purpose laparoscopic surgical trainers, not for lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery. On the other hand, most of them still have problems such as low realism of the lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgical environment, lack of physical feedback, and no scientific and timely evaluation mechanism. The improvement gained by trainees through training is relatively limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a foraminal endoscopic simulation product with realistic anatomical structure and feel, and which can evaluate and record in real time.

[0009] Therefore, we designed a trainer for lumbar transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery. Summary of the invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer to solve the problems of low realism and lack of physical feedback in the existing surgery trainers mentioned in the above background technology.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0012] The present invention provides a lumbar intervertebral foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer, comprising a simulator base and a simulator cover, wherein the simulator base is detachably mounted with the simulator cover, the simulator cover is provided with a silicone part simulating human soft tissue, a bone module is provided between the silicone part simulating human soft tissue and the simulator base, the bone module is provided on the simulator base, a tension sensor body is provided on one side of the bone module, a tension sensor support is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base, and the tension sensor body is fixed on the tension sensor support;

[0013] The bone module is provided with a simulated first sacral nerve root, one end of which is fixed to the inner wall of the simulator base, and the other end of which passes through the bone module, bypasses the pull ring of the tension sensor body, passes through the bone module again, and is fixed to the inner wall of the simulator base; and / or,

[0014] The bone module is provided with a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root, one end of which is fixed on the inner wall of the simulator base, and the other end passes through the bone module, bypasses the pull ring of the tension sensor body, passes through the bone module again, and is fixed on the inner wall of the simulator base.

[0015] In some embodiments, a nerve root base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base, and both ends of the simulated first sacral nerve root are fixedly connected to the nerve root base.

[0016] In some embodiments, a plurality of silicone support bases are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the simulator base, and the two ends of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root are respectively fixedly connected to two silicone support bases.

[0017] In some embodiments, a self-locking switch, a signal indicator light and a display screen are sequentially disposed in the simulator base, and the self-locking switch, the signal indicator light and the display screen are all fixedly mounted to the simulator base through component support.

[0018] In some embodiments, a buzzer alarm is fixedly installed in the simulator base.

[0019] In some embodiments, a main control device is also provided in the simulator base, and the buzzer alarm is electrically connected to the main control device.

[0020] In some embodiments, a power outlet is fixedly installed in the simulator base, and the buzzer alarm and the power outlet are respectively arranged on both sides of the skeleton module.

[0021] In some embodiments, a plurality of the silicone support bases are provided with a plurality of silicone supports for supporting silicone parts simulating human soft tissue.

[0022] In some embodiments, observation windows are symmetrically provided on both side walls of the simulator base, and both observation windows are slidably connected to the simulator base.

[0023] In some embodiments, the master control device includes:

[0024] The statistical module is used to perform statistical analysis in advance based on the historical data of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link under the training mode, and obtain at least one surgical operation link in which the tester is prone to make mistakes; specifically, according to the alarm times of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link under the training mode, the error level is divided to obtain surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with relatively high error frequency, surgical operation links with average error frequency, and surgical operation links with low error frequency; wherein the surgical operation links with high error frequency and relatively high error frequency are surgical operation links prone to make mistakes;

[0025] A working mode management module, for switching working modes in response to the user's operation of the working mode switching button; the working modes include training mode and test mode; and when in the test mode, the buzzer alarm is set to a silent state, and the display screen is controlled to display the number of errors; when in the training mode, the buzzer alarm is set to an alarm state;

[0026] A data acquisition module, used to set a corresponding preset pressure value acquisition frequency for at least one surgical operation environment link that is prone to errors in the database, use a default pressure value acquisition frequency for the remaining surgical operation links, and periodically acquire the pressure value detected by the tension sensor body in the test mode;

[0027] The first identification module is used to calculate the pressure mean value in each cycle and determine whether the pressure mean value in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold value; and when it is determined that the pressure mean value is greater than or equal to the first set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer for realistic restoration is used to improve the realism of the trainer by setting a silicone part simulating human soft tissue, a bone module, a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root and a simulated first sacral nerve running root, so that the trainer has a realistic anatomical structure and feel, which helps to improve the technical level of the operator.

[0030] 2. The lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer used for realistic restoration is connected with the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root and the simulated first sacral nerve running root by setting the tension sensor body. When the operator causes traction on the nerve, the tension sensor will collect data and provide it to the main control board, and the buzzer alarm will sound an alarm to prompt the operator to operate in a standardized manner, thereby feeding back the operation information to the operator in real time, and then the operator's operation specifications are evaluated and recorded in real time through smart devices such as signal indicator lights (such as RGB lights) and display screens (OLED screens).

[0031] 3. The present invention designs a more realistic simulated lumbar structure, combines the control system such as the main control board to monitor the operator's operation, integrates multiple judgment rules to judge the number of operator errors, and comprehensively provides a scientific and immediate training evaluation mechanism. Specifically, in the training mode, once the tester makes an error operation (of course, the error operation is limited to the situation of pulling the nerve), the trainer will remind the tester through the buzzer, and then the tester will correct the operation steps. At this time, there will usually be no continuous same wrong operation; in the test mode, in order to ensure that the test results are as close to the truth as possible, the buzzer will usually not be turned on to remind the tester. If the tester does not know that he has made an error operation, it is very likely that the same operation will cause continuous damage to the nerves. When calculating the number of errors, it is a difficult problem to determine whether this situation is a single error or multiple errors; at this time, if a system with higher precision is used for measurement, although the accuracy can be improved, the cost is too high and it is difficult to popularize.

[0032] 4. The present invention uses periodic detection to make judgments based on the average pressure value and the fluctuation rate of pressure values ​​in adjacent periods, thereby effectively reducing the misjudgment rate. Furthermore, the present invention also classifies the weak links in the tester's operation in combination with the data in the training mode, and during the test, increases the acquisition frequency for the weak links to improve the accuracy of the data. Furthermore, since there are always some missed and misjudgment cases in machine judgment, this solution adopts manual verification for situations where an error lasts for too long, thereby further reducing the misjudgment rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a structural disassembly diagram of a lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a bottom view of the structure of a lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A top view of a simulator base in a lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bone module in a lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a skeletal module and a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root and a simulated first sacral nerve running root in a lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a control flow diagram of the control method of the training device in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the control system of the controller of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1. Silicone part simulating human soft tissue; 2. Simulator cover; 3. Simulator base; 4. Observation window; 5. Buckle; 6. Skeleton module; 7. Silicone support; 8. Simulation of the fifth lumbar nerve exit root; 9. RGB light, i.e. signal indicator light; 10. OLED screen, i.e. display screen; 11. Nerve root base; 12. Silicone support base; 13. DuPont line fixing buckle; 14. Self-locking switch; 15. Buzzer alarm; 16. Tension sensor support; 17. Tension sensor body; 18. ARDUINO development board, and main control device; 19. Power outlet; 20. Component support; 21. Simulation of the first sacral nerve root. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Herein, suffixes such as "module", "component" or "unit" used to represent elements are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention, and have no specific meanings by themselves. Therefore, "module", "component" or "unit" can be used mixedly.

[0044] In this document, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "back", "one end", "the other end" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In this document, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] Herein, "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed related items. Herein, "plurality" means two or more, that is, it includes two, three, four, five, etc.

[0047] Lumbar transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and fusion refers to a new minimally invasive technique for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Compared with traditional open discectomy, PTED (lumbar transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and fusion) has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, faster postoperative recovery, and less scars. It is also referred to as lumbar transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and fusion in this article.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 The present invention provides a lumbar transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and fusion surgery trainer (or a lumbar transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and fusion surgery trainer) comprising: a detachably connected simulator base 3 and a simulator upper cover 2. When in use, the simulator base 3 can be snap-fitted and fixed to the simulator upper cover 2 through a plurality of buckles 5. A human soft tissue simulating silicone part 1 is provided on the simulator base 3. A bone module 6 is provided between the human soft tissue simulating silicone part 1 and the simulator base 3. It should be noted that the bone module 6 includes a lumbar vertebral body and a fourth lumbar vertebra-fifth lumbar vertebra intervertebral disc. The nucleus pulposus between the fourth lumbar vertebra-fifth lumbar vertebra intervertebral disc is modularly designed and can be taken out in multiple times, which can train the trainee's operating level. Figure 6 The small ball at the top is the nucleus pulposus structure of the lumbar disc herniation, and is the first part to be removed; a tension sensor body 17 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base 3, and the tension sensor body 17 is located at one end of the bone module 6. It should be noted that this device adopts a combination of computer programming and electronic components, and uses C++ programming to build an intelligent evaluation system, combining intelligent and interactive innovative technologies with the needs of medical simulation training, thereby forming a simulation training device with functions such as simulated feel, real-time feedback, and scientific evaluation. Its purpose is to shorten the learning curve of lumbar interforaminal endoscopic technology and improve the relevant technical level of specialist physicians.

[0050] In some embodiments, a tension sensor support 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base 3, and the tension sensor body 17 is snap-fixed on the tension sensor support 16; of course, the tension sensor body 17 can also be fixed to the inner wall of the simulator base 3 in other ways.

[0051] A nerve root base 11 and a plurality of DuPont line fixing buckles 13 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base 3. The nerve root base 11 is arranged on the other side of the skeleton module 6. A simulated first sacral nerve root 21 is connected between the nerve root base 11 and the skeleton module 6. The simulated first sacral nerve root 21 is made of wax rope. The middle of the simulated first sacral nerve root 21 is folded in half and crosses the pull ring of the tension sensor body 17. The simulated first sacral nerve root 21 passes through the skeleton module 6 and is fixedly connected to the nerve root base 11. If the operator causes damage to the simulated first sacral nerve root 21 by puncture, the simulated first sacral nerve root 21 will pull the tension sensor body 17, and the tension sensor body 17 will collect data.

[0052] A plurality of silicone support bases 12 are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the simulator base 3, and a simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root 8 is connected between the skeleton module 6 and the silicone support base 12. The simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root 8 is made of wax rope, and the middle of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root 8 is folded across the pull ring of the tension sensor body 17, and the simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root 8 passes through the skeleton module 6 and is fixedly connected with the two silicone support bases 12. If the operator causes damage to the simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root 8 by puncture, the simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root 8 will pull the tension sensor body 17, and the tension sensor body 17 will collect data;

[0053] By setting up a simulated human soft tissue silicone part 1, a skeletal module 6, a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 and a simulated first sacral nerve running root 21, the realism of the trainer is improved, so that the trainer has a realistic anatomical structure and feel, which helps to improve the technical level of the operator; by setting up a tension sensor body 17 connected to the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 and the simulated first sacral nerve running root 21, when the operator causes the nerve to be pulled, the tension sensor body 17 will collect data and provide it to the ARDUINO development board 18, and the buzzer alarm 15 will sound an alarm to prompt the operator of the operation error, so as to remind the operator to standardize the operation, thereby feeding back the operation information to the operator in real time, and then the operator's operation specifications are evaluated and recorded in real time through intelligent devices such as RGB lights (i.e. signal indicator lights), OLED screens / OLED screens (i.e. display screens) 10.

[0054] Of course, the signal indicator light 9 communicates data with the main control device, and the main control device is also used to control the signal indicator light to indicate the current operation error (for example, when the operation fails, it turns into a flashing red light) when the first recognition module recognizes an error once.

[0055] In some embodiments, a self-locking switch 14, an RGB light 9 (i.e., the signal indicator light mentioned above) and an OLED screen 10 are sequentially provided in the simulator base 3, and the self-locking switch 14, the RGB light 9 and the OLED screen 10 are fixedly mounted on the simulator base 3 through a component support 20; an ARDUINO development board 18 is provided between the tension sensor support 16 and the silicone support base 12 as a main control device, and the ARDUINO development board 18 is fixedly connected to the simulator base 3, and a buzzer alarm 15 and a power outlet 19 are fixedly installed in the simulator base 3, and the buzzer alarm 15 and the power outlet 19 are respectively arranged on both sides of the skeletal module 6; a plurality of silicone supports 7 for supporting the silicone part 1 simulating human soft tissue are provided on the plurality of silicone support bases 12, and observation windows 4 are symmetrically provided on the outer wall of the simulator base 3, and the two observation windows 4 are both slidably connected to the simulator base 3.

[0056] In some embodiments, the ARDUINO development board 18 as the main control device is electrically connected to the above-mentioned buzzer alarm, RGB light 9, tension sensor body and OLED screen 10. The upper simulator base 3 is also provided with a working mode switching button, which is electrically connected to the ARDUINO development board 18. Specifically, the ARDUINO development board 18 includes:

[0057] The statistical module is used to perform statistical analysis in advance based on the historical data of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link under the training mode, and obtain at least one surgical operation link in which the tester is prone to make mistakes; specifically, according to the alarm times of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link under the training mode, the error level is divided to obtain surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with relatively high error frequency, surgical operation links with average error frequency, and surgical operation links with low error frequency; wherein the surgical operation links with high error frequency and relatively high error frequency are surgical operation links prone to make mistakes, and each error level corresponds to a different pressure value collection frequency; preferably, each surgical operation link prone to make mistakes corresponds to a different preset pressure value collection frequency in the test mode, and other surgical operation links adopt a default pressure value collection frequency in the test mode;

[0058] A working mode management module, for switching working modes in response to the user's operation of the working mode switching button; the working modes include training mode and test mode; and when in the test mode, the buzzer alarm is set to a silent state, and the display screen is controlled to display the number of errors; when in the training mode, the buzzer alarm is set to an alarm state (of course, in the training mode, the number of errors can also be displayed on the display screen);

[0059] A data acquisition module, used to match a corresponding preset pressure value acquisition frequency for each error-prone (pre-marked) surgical operation link in the database, and use a default pressure value acquisition frequency for the remaining surgical operation links; and periodically acquire the pressure value detected by the tension sensor body in the test mode;

[0060] The first identification module is used to calculate the pressure mean value in each cycle and determine whether the pressure mean value in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold value; and when it is determined that the pressure mean value is greater than or equal to the first set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded.

[0061] In the training mode, the tension sensor body 17 will collect data and provide it to the ARDUINO development board 18 for data analysis. When it is determined that the operator has caused traction on the nerve (i.e., an operating error), the buzzer alarm 15 will be controlled to sound an alarm to remind the operator to operate in a standardized manner. In the test mode, the ARDUINO development board 18 will adjust the buzzer alarm 15 to a silent mode to avoid interfering with the operator. When it is determined that the operator has caused traction on the nerve (i.e., an operating error), the RGB light 9 will be controlled to change from green indicating a normal state to yellow indicating an operating error. At the same time, the OLED screen 10 (i.e., the display screen) will be controlled to display the number of errors. After the operator has performed puncture training, he can observe whether his puncture operation is in place through the observation windows 4 on both sides of the simulator base 3.

[0062] Working principle: During training, the operator uses a tool to cut open the simulated human soft tissue silicone part 1 to expose the bone module 6, and then conducts lumbar intervertebral foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training. During the operation, if the operator involves the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 and / or the simulated first sacral nerve running root 21, the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 and / or the simulated first sacral nerve running root 21 will pull the pull ring on the tension sensor body 17, and the tension sensor body 17 will collect data and provide it to the ARDUINO development board 18;

[0063] After the operator has completed the puncture training, he can observe whether his puncture operation is in place through the observation window 4; at the same time, in the examination mode, the invigilator can also observe through the observation window.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] Based on the above-mentioned lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer, the present invention also provides a control system for the lumbar foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer, which includes: a main control device, and a buzzer alarm 15, a display screen, a working mode switching button, and a tension sensor body 17 fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the simulator base 3. Specifically, the main control device is electrically connected to the working mode switching button and performs data communication with the tension sensor body 17, the buzzer alarm 15 and the display screen 10. Specifically, as Figure 8 , the main control device includes:

[0066] A working mode management module, for switching working modes in response to the user's operation of the working mode switching button; the working modes include training mode and test mode; and when in the test mode, the buzzer alarm is set to a silent state; when in the training mode, the buzzer alarm is set to an alarm state;

[0067] A data acquisition module, used for periodically acquiring the pressure value detected by the tension sensor body 17 in the test mode;

[0068] The first identification module is used to calculate the pressure mean value in each cycle, and determine whether the pressure mean value in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold value; and when it is determined that the pressure mean value is greater than or equal to the first set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made one continuous mistake, and the duration of the mistake is recorded;

[0069] In some embodiments, the master control device further includes:

[0070] A statistical module is used to perform statistical analysis in advance based on the historical data of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link in the training mode to obtain at least one surgical operation link where the tester is prone to make mistakes;

[0071] The data acquisition module is also used to match the preset pressure value collection frequency in the database for at least one surgical operation link marked as prone to errors once switched to the examination mode, and replace its default pressure value collection frequency with the preset pressure value collection frequency.

[0072] In some embodiments, the statistical module is also used to classify the error levels according to the alarm times of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link in the training mode, and obtain surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with average error frequency, and surgical operation links with low error frequency; wherein the surgical operation links with high error frequency and high error frequency are surgical operation links prone to errors. Preferably, each surgical operation link prone to errors corresponds to a different preset pressure value acquisition frequency in the test mode, and other surgical operation links use the default pressure value acquisition frequency in the test mode.

[0073] The simulator base is provided with an image data acquisition module which can communicate data with the main control device. Correspondingly, the main control device also includes: a reminder module, which is used to remind the examiner to retrieve the image data of the corresponding period for manual verification when it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once and the duration of the mistake exceeds the set time threshold.

[0074] Embodiment 3

[0075] Based on the above trainer and control system, the present invention also provides a control method for a lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer, such as Figure 7 , including the following steps:

[0076] S101 periodically obtains the pressure value detected by the tension sensor body in the test mode, and calculates the average pressure value in the current cycle;

[0077] S102 determines whether the pressure average value in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold; if so, execute step S103, otherwise execute step S101;

[0078] S103 determines whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if so, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if not, it is determined that the tester has made one continuous mistake and the duration of the mistake is recorded.

[0079] It should be noted that the tension sensor collects pressure values ​​in real time, and may collect multiple instantaneous pressure values ​​in one cycle (i.e., one time period). The pressure mean is obtained by calculating the average of multiple instantaneous pressure values ​​in one cycle. Correspondingly, the pressure fluctuation rate represents the fluctuation rate of each instantaneous pressure value collected in one cycle relative to the pressure mean. The larger the fluctuation rate, the higher the pressure fluctuation rate. Generally speaking, if it is a continuation of the same erroneous operation, the pressure fluctuation rate in the two cycles will not be much different; if it is two different erroneous operations, the pressure fluctuation rate in the two cycles will be more different than the continuation of the same erroneous operation.

[0080] Accordingly, the acquisition frequency in the following text is reflected by the density of pressure values ​​collected within a cycle, that is, by the number of instantaneous pressure values ​​collected per unit time. The more instantaneous pressure values ​​collected per unit time, the higher the acquisition frequency.

[0081] In some other embodiments, the steps are also included:

[0082] S104 performs statistical analysis in advance based on historical data of buzzer alarms in various surgical operation links in the training mode to obtain at least one surgical operation link in which the tester is prone to make mistakes; preferably, prone to make mistakes means that the number of buzzer alarms is greater than or equal to a preset alarm threshold;

[0083] S105 Once switched to the examination mode, a preset pressure value acquisition frequency is matched in the database for at least one surgical operation link marked as prone to error.

[0084] In order to ensure the accuracy of the test results, each surgical operation may correspond to multiple cycles.

[0085] Furthermore, the error frequency of each surgical operation link in the training mode (i.e., the number of alarms of the buzzer alarm) can be pre-classified into multiple levels, for example, divided into high frequency, relatively high frequency, average frequency, and low frequency according to different preset alarm thresholds; among which, the surgical operation links with high frequency and relatively high frequency are prone to errors; accordingly, different pressure value collection frequencies are pre-set for surgical operation links with different error levels, for example, the preset pressure value collection frequency is the largest for the surgical operation link with high frequency, the preset pressure value collection frequency is relatively high for the surgical operation link with relatively high frequency, and the default pressure value collection frequency (less than the preset pressure value collection frequency corresponding to the surgical operation link with relatively high frequency) is used for the rest. That is, the higher the error level, the higher the corresponding pressure value collection frequency.

[0086] In other embodiments, an image data acquisition module capable of data communication with the main control device is provided in the simulator base 3, and is used to acquire image data of the entire surgical process. Accordingly, the control method further includes the steps of:

[0087] S106 When it is determined that the tester has made a continuous error once, and the duration of the error exceeds the set duration threshold, the examiner is reminded to retrieve the video of the corresponding period for manual verification. In some embodiments, due to the actual application process, it is found that the pressure fluctuation rate between two correct operations may also be very small, that is, there is a situation where two errors are actually mistaken for one error. Therefore, if it is monitored that the duration of the error determined to be one error is long, this kind of misjudgment may exist. Therefore, here the examiner retrieves the video data on site for verification, or, after the entire test is completed, retrieve the video (i.e., image data) of the corresponding time period that has been pre-marked (i.e., when the error duration exceeds the set duration threshold, the image data corresponding to two adjacent periods will be marked) for verification.

[0088] The principle and effect of this scheme are:

[0089] In the training mode, once the test subject makes an incorrect operation (of course, the incorrect operation is limited to the case where the nerve is stretched), the trainer will remind the test subject through the buzzer, and the test subject will then correct the operation steps. At this time, the same incorrect operation will not usually continue, that is, the judgment of the number of errors in the training mode is basically accurate; in the examination mode, in order to ensure the authenticity of the test results, the buzzer is usually not turned on to remind the test subject. The test subject is very likely to cause continuous damage to the nerve due to the same operation without knowing that he has made an incorrect operation. When calculating the number of errors, it is a difficult problem to determine whether this situation is a single error or multiple errors; at this time, if a higher precision system is used for measurement, although the accuracy can be improved, the cost is too high and it is difficult to popularize.

[0090] This solution determines the number of errors through periodic detection and comparison of the volatility of adjacent periods, which effectively improves the accuracy of error statistics.

[0091] Furthermore, this solution also combines the data in the training mode to count the weak links in the test takers' operations, and increases the collection frequency during the test to improve the accuracy of this part of the data, thereby further improving the accuracy of the error count.

[0092] Furthermore, there are always some cases of missed or misjudgment in machine judgment. This solution adopts manual verification for possible misjudgment (for example, a misjudgment lasts too long), which further reduces the misjudgment rate.

[0093] In summary, this solution uses a human-machine combination and multiple judgment rules to effectively reduce the misjudgment rate while ensuring low costs.

[0094] The present invention also provides a storage medium for a lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer, wherein the storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the storage medium is located is controlled to execute any one of steps S101-S106 of the above method.

[0095] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0096] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lumbar intervertebral foraminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery trainer, comprising a simulator base (3) and a simulator cover (2), characterized in that: A simulator upper cover (2) is detachably mounted on the simulator base (3); a human soft tissue simulating silicone part (1) is provided on the simulator upper cover (2); a bone module (6) is provided between the human soft tissue simulating silicone part (1) and the simulator base (3); the bone module (6) is provided on the simulator base (3); a tension sensor body (17) is provided on one side of the bone module (6); a tension sensor support (16) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base (3); and the tension sensor body (17) is fixed on the tension sensor support (16); The skeletal module (6) is provided with a simulated first sacral nerve root (21), one end of the simulated first sacral nerve root (21) is fixed to the inner wall of the simulator base (3), and the other end passes through the skeletal module (6), passes around the pull ring of the tension sensor body (17), passes through the skeletal module (6) again, and is fixed to the inner wall of the simulator base (3); and / or, The bone module (6) is provided with a simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root (8), one end of which is fixed to the inner wall of the simulator base (3), and the other end of which passes through the bone module (6), passes around the pull ring of the tension sensor body (17), passes through the bone module (6) again, and is fixed to the inner wall of the simulator base (3); A buzzer alarm (15) is fixedly installed in the simulator base (3); a main control device is also provided in the simulator base (3), and the buzzer alarm is electrically connected to the main control device; The main control device comprises: The statistical module is used to perform statistical analysis in advance based on the historical data of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link under the training mode, and obtain at least one surgical operation link in which the tester is prone to make mistakes; specifically, according to the alarm times of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link under the training mode, the error level is divided to obtain surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with relatively high error frequency, surgical operation links with average error frequency, and surgical operation links with low error frequency; wherein the surgical operation links with high error frequency and relatively high error frequency are surgical operation links prone to make mistakes; A working mode management module, for switching working modes in response to the user's operation of the working mode switching button; the working modes include training mode and test mode; and when in the test mode, the buzzer alarm is set to a silent state, and the display screen is controlled to display the number of errors; when in the training mode, the buzzer alarm is set to an alarm state; A data acquisition module, used to match a corresponding preset pressure value acquisition frequency for each surgical operation link prone to errors in the database, use a default pressure value acquisition frequency for the remaining surgical operation links, and periodically acquire the pressure value detected by the tension sensor body in the test mode; The first identification module is used to calculate the pressure mean value in each cycle, and determine whether the pressure mean value in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold value; and when it is determined that the pressure mean value is greater than or equal to the first set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made one continuous mistake, and the duration of the mistake is recorded; The reminder module is used to remind the examiner to retrieve the image data of the corresponding period for manual verification when it is determined that the test subject has made a continuous mistake and the duration of the mistake exceeds the set time threshold.

2. The lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A nerve root base (11) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base (3), and both ends of the simulated first sacral nerve root (21) are fixedly connected inside the nerve root base (11).

3. The lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of silicone support bases (12) are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the simulator base (3), and two ends of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root (8) are respectively fixedly connected to two silicone support bases (12).

4. The lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A self-locking switch (14), a signal indicator light (9) and a display screen (10) are sequentially arranged in the simulator base (3); the self-locking switch (14), the signal indicator light (9) and the display screen (10) are all fixedly mounted on the simulator base (3) via a component support (20).

5. The lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A power outlet (19) is fixedly installed in the simulator base (3), and the buzzer alarm (15) and the power outlet (19) are respectively arranged on both sides of the skeleton module (6).

6. The lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of silicone supports (7) for supporting the silicone portion (1) simulating human soft tissue are provided on the plurality of silicone support bases (12).

7. The lumbar transforaminal endoscopic resection and fusion surgery training device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Observation windows (4) are symmetrically provided on both side walls of the simulator base (3), and both observation windows (4) are slidably connected to the simulator base (3).

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