A high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of energy-saving, carbon-reducing and low-energy-consumption building technology, in particular to a high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system which comprises an intelligent control system, an air source heat pump system, a circulating pump set, a constant-pressure water-supplementing vacuum degassing unit, a dirt-removal system, a soft water system and pipelines and valve pieces connected with the various units. The intelligent control system manages the high-performance air source heat pump unit to produce cold and heat in batches in different zones, the cold and heat is supplied to air conditioners or heating ends through the integrated high-efficiency circulating pump set via low-resistance pipelines and valve pieces arranged in the system, the cold and hot water is subjected to the dirt-removal system and the constant-pressure water-supplementing vacuum degassing unit after being used in the ends and before being returned to the unit, a series of innovative means such as the arrangement of electric valves matched with the zones and the interlocking with the heat pump unit and the water pump are adopted, so that the energy-saving and carbon-reducing operation is realized, and the system is finely operated and adjusted according to the zones.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy-saving and low-carbon building, in particular to a high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Air conditioning system energy consumption is one of the main energy consumptions of buildings in China. Data shows that building energy consumption accounts for about 30% of total social energy consumption, and air conditioning energy consumption accounts for about 65% of building energy consumption. Among them, air conditioning station house energy consumption accounts for 50% to 70% of total air conditioning system energy consumption. It is imperative to reduce the overall energy consumption of air conditioning station house and improve the overall energy efficiency level, which is of great significance to energy saving and emission reduction.

[0003] In the building industry, heat pump technology can be applied to heating, refrigeration and hot water supply of new buildings and existing building reconstruction. Among them, the heat source for building heating is various, including gas boiler, coal-fired boiler, oil-fired boiler, electric heating, heat pump, etc. According to the current emission factor, the carbon dioxide emissions of various building heat sources are calculated. The heat pump heating system emits the least carbon dioxide for every 1GJ of heat supplied in various heating energy systems. At the same time, as a renewable energy utilization device, heat pump is the most effective way of electric heating. Its significant energy saving and carbon reduction characteristics have become one of the optimal technical solutions to replace low-temperature heat energy produced by fossil energy. This also shows that heat pump technology is the most effective way to achieve carbon neutralization. Therefore, heat pump technology has great advantages in energy saving and emission reduction, and the application of building heat pump technology will bring great emission reduction to the building industry.

[0004] With suitable renewable energy utilization equipment as a cold and heat source, energy saving and emission reduction in the field of air conditioning and heating can be easily achieved. High energy efficiency equipment is important, but the efficient operation of the whole system is the real key. However, the reality is not satisfactory, and even the energy efficiency ratio is lower than 2.0. Therefore, when air source heat pump system is used to provide cold and heat source for buildings, a high-efficiency system mode should be used to serve the station house construction, reduce the system operation energy consumption, make the system operate coordinately, and play the high performance advantages of each device, so as to reduce the carbon emission during the operation of the building. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problem of high system energy consumption when air source heat pump system is used to provide cold and heat source in the prior art, the present application provides a high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system.

[0006] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system, comprising an intelligent control system, an air source heat pump system, a circulating pump group, a constant pressure water replenishing vacuum degassing unit, a dirt removal system, a soft water system, and pipelines, valve pieces and related monitoring equipment connecting each unit;

[0008] The intelligent control system is used for controlling the air source heat pump system, the circulating pump group, the constant pressure water supplementing and vacuum degassing unit, the dirt removal system and the opening and closing of the pipeline valves, and the intelligent control system adopts the variable water temperature mode and the variable flow mode operation according to the end load condition;

[0009] The air source heat pump system selects a plurality of independently controlled variable frequency and variable flow type heat pump units, the plurality of variable frequency and variable flow type heat pump units are connected in parallel, each unit is connected with the soft water system through respective branch pipelines and valves, and the intelligent control system controls the water temperature adjustment of the air source heat pump system with a constant supply and return water temperature difference as the target;

[0010] The circulating pump group adopts a plurality of specifications connected in parallel and an integrated variable frequency pump group with a control cabinet, and the variable frequency pump group is started by the intelligent control system according to the "optimal efficiency optimization" principle to match different pumps or pump frequency conversion;

[0011] The constant pressure water supplementing and vacuum degassing unit is connected to the suction side return water pipe of the circulating pump group, and the soft water system is connected with the water inlet side pipeline of the constant pressure water supplementing and vacuum degassing unit;

[0012] The dirt removal system is arranged in the total return water pipeline, and the air source heat pump system is connected with the circulating pump group;

[0013] The valves and related monitoring equipment are arranged on the pipeline, and are controlled by the intelligent control system.

[0014] Preferably, the air source heat pump system adopts a coupled high-efficiency air source heat pump.

[0015] Preferably, for the air source heat pump system, a variable frequency and variable flow type air source heat pump unit with higher COP value and IPLV value is selected under the same refrigerating capacity, that is, a low-temperature or ultra-low-temperature type heat pump unit is selected in the severe cold and cold A zone, and a wind-cooled screw heat pump unit is adopted when the project size is large, the cold and heat load is high or the outdoor site is limited.

[0016] Preferably, the heat pump unit is arranged outdoors of the building, and there is no shelter around and on the top of the unit; the air source heat pump unit includes top air outlet units and side air outlet units according to the air outlet side, when a plurality of units are arranged side by side in parallel, the distance between two adjacent top air outlet units in the horizontal direction is not less than 1.5 m, the distance in the vertical direction is not less than 2 m, and the distance between the top shelter is not less than 3 m;

[0017] When starting, the units are started row by row from outside to inside, and then layer by layer from outside to inside; when stopping, the units are stopped layer by layer from the middle to the outside, and then layer by layer from the middle to the opposite direction.

[0018] Preferably, multiple heat pump units are controlled according to the terminal load, and the number of partitions is at least three, and at least three heat pump units are arranged in each partition; the partitions are connected in parallel, and each partition is controlled by an intelligent control system through an independent electric control valve; the heat pump units and the electric control valve in each partition are interlocked with the circulating pump group.

[0019] Preferably, a defrosting detection module is arranged on the heat pump unit, and the output end of the defrosting detection module is connected with the input end of the intelligent control system; in the initial stage of frosting, the heat pump units in each partition are adjusted from a working frequency state to a low frequency state according to the partition; when the unit is naturally defrosted, the heat pump units in the partition are turned off.

[0020] The defrosting detection module comprises a humidity acquisition module, a temperature acquisition module and a heat exchanger air resistance acquisition module, and the intelligent control system controls defrosting according to a predicted frost amount control logic and a self-learning defrosting control logic.

[0021] When the outdoor weather is further deteriorated in winter and the unit is frosted, the intelligent control system adopts a multi-mode coupled defrosting mode for defrosting, and after partitioning, a partitioned rotation defrosting operation strategy is adopted for defrosting, and each heat pump unit adopts a double-circuit alternating hot gas bypass defrosting technology for defrosting.

[0022] Preferably, the heat pump unit adopts a compact fin with a hydrophobic coating and an adjustable angle.

[0023] Preferably, the air source heat pump system selects a heat pump unit with an energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit is started and stopped under the regulation of the intelligent control system according to the principle of "lowest cost".

[0024] Preferably, the water temperature monitoring system connected with the intelligent control system transmits the change signal of the terminal load to the intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system adjusts the water supply temperature of the air source heat pump system under the condition that the water temperature difference is unchanged.

[0025] Preferably, the pipe diameter is set according to the pipe specific resistance of not more than 160 Pa / m during refrigeration and not more than 80 Pa / m during heating, the valve adopts a low-resistance basket filter, a right-angle filter or a flow guide filter instead of a Y-type filter, a low-resistance silent check valve instead of a disc check valve, a low-resistance integrated multifunctional valve on a vertical water pump, a low-resistance electromagnetic or ultrasonic heat meter instead of a mechanical heat meter, and the resistance of the valve is less than or equal to 3 kPa.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system produces cold and heat by high-performance air source heat pump units in batches through system intelligent control, supplies to air conditioning or heating terminal through low-resistance pipeline and valve of the system, and supplies to the air conditioning or heating terminal by an integrated high-efficiency circulating pump group; in order to ensure long-term stable and reliable operation of the system, the cold and hot water is subjected to decontamination and constant pressure water supply vacuum degassing unit before being returned to the unit, and the overall circulation of the high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system is completed.

[0028] The air source heat pump unit adopts a variable frequency and variable flow type heat pump unit, the system can be energy-saving operated with variable water volume, the unit with higher COP value and IPLV value is selected under the same refrigerating capacity, the problem of high-efficiency operation under variable working conditions can be solved; meanwhile, the unit requires a refrigerant supplement technology which can improve the heating performance in low-temperature environment and can also consider the high-temperature heating and refrigeration working conditions, so that the unit can be operated efficiently in a wider range in different climate zones such as northern China and the Yangtze River Basin. The selected integrated intelligent variable frequency pump group is operated efficiently, the energy consumption of the transmission and distribution system is reduced, the transmission and distribution energy consumption accounts for less than 20% of the total energy consumption of the air source heat pump station house system, and the system is more reasonable and efficient. In the control process, it is difficult to realize timely and accurate control due to the large time constant of the return water temperature feedback, and the air source heat pump is more sensitive to the water supply temperature, so in this method, the control logic of controlling the change of the water supply temperature and the constant water supply and return temperature difference is adopted to realize fine control.

[0029] Further, in the severe cold and cold A zone, a low-temperature or ultra-low-temperature type heat pump unit is preferably selected, an enhanced vapor injection (EVI) technology is adopted, an additional steam injection port is introduced into the compressor, gas-liquid mixed injection is realized, the performance of the system is improved, the low-temperature heating capacity is greatly improved, the unit can be operated continuously at-25℃ outdoors, and the water outlet is ensured to be above 40℃. The air-cooled screw of a single machine has more advantages in COP performance and larger capacity, and when too many air-cooled scroll type units are used in the project, the air-cooled screw machine can be used to "slim down" the system, simplify the control, and save the floor area.

[0030] Further, a heat pump unit with an energy storage unit is selected, this type of unit can be operated during the valley period of the night, and store the cold and heat produced by the system at a certain economic ratio; during the peak period of the day, the energy storage unit is used to release the cold and heat to supply the project, and the air source heat pump unit is stopped. This system saves operation cost, reduces the carbon emission of the air source heat pump unit, and operates more stably, efficiently and easily during the day.

[0031] Further, the arrangement of the heat pump unit in the air source heat pump system is limited to minimize the cold / heat island effect. The air source heat pump unit group arranged in parallel is opened from the outermost row to the inner row in winter and summer, and is closed from the middle row to the outer row in winter and summer, thereby improving the "cold heat island" effect caused by the centralized placement of a large number of units.

[0032] Further, through a series of innovative means such as system partitioning, setting of partitioned electric valves, interlocking with the heat pump unit and the water pump, etc., not only is energy saving and carbon reduction realized, but also the system is finely adjusted according to the partitioning, avoiding the low-efficiency operation of all outdoor units being turned on, and the cooling and heating output of the station house system is matched with the indoor terminal demand, reducing the unscientific and frequent start and stop of the air source heat pump unit. At the same time, the setting of the partitioned electric valves avoids the hot water flowing through the stopped heat pump unit in winter, saving a large amount of heat loss caused by the invalid bypass flow through the unit, which accounts for 20% to 35% of the total heating capacity of the system. Through the above measures, the operation energy consumption of the entire building in summer air conditioning and winter heating can be reduced, the system can be operated more efficiently, and the carbon emissions during the operation of the building can be reduced.

[0033] Further, in winter, when the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature is greater than -12℃ and less than 5.8℃, and the relative humidity is greater than 67%, frost is easy to form. Frosting is a problem that all air source heat pump units will face in a specific environment, which will reduce the heating efficiency of the unit. In the present application, the technical concept of "frost suppression first and defrosting later" is adopted, when defrosting is needed, all the units in the partition are adjusted from the working frequency state to the low-frequency running state, greatly reducing the probability of frosting; when the outdoor environment deteriorates further, the units in the partition are stopped to naturally defrost, and the units in the region are closed, relying on other regional units for heating.

[0034] Further, the circulating pump group automatically switches between large, medium and small pumps according to the change of the flow rate in the system, and each pump is operated at variable frequency, so that the circulating pump group can always operate in the high-efficiency zone when the flow rate changes, reducing the system conveying energy consumption. According to the change of the terminal load, the water flow in the system changes, and the circulating pump group starts different water pumps or water pump variable frequency to match the highest efficiency according to the "optimal efficiency optimization" principle. Therefore, the circulating pump group is not corresponding to each partition unit, that is, there is not one circulating pump group corresponding to one partition. The system can automatically reset the water temperature according to the change of the terminal load, and can timely increase or decrease the water supply temperature under the condition of constant water temperature difference, realizing the variable water temperature control technology, realizing the precise adaptation of equipment performance and building load, improving the system operation energy efficiency, and reducing the power consumption of the main unit.

[0035] The start-up sequence of the heat pump unit is as follows: start the circulating pump unit → open the electric valve on the zone pipeline → start the heat pump unit. The shutdown sequence is the reverse of the start-up sequence. The start / stop of related equipment must be confirmed before the next equipment can be started / stopped. If a fault occurs, the pump will automatically stop.

[0036] Furthermore, the constant pressure water supply vacuum degassing unit can automatically read system information and utilize its own adjustment capabilities. When the water supply is reduced or no water is needed, the water supply pump can be left running for a longer period of time to achieve energy-saving operation. The equipment has a compact structure, occupies a small area, and saves land resources. The equipment operates fully automatically, requires no special personnel for management, and is reliable in operation. The degassing efficiency and deoxygenation efficiency are both greater than 99%, reducing cavitation and aerobic corrosion, and ensuring stable system operation.

[0037] Furthermore, a control logic that controls the change in supply water temperature and maintains a constant supply and return water temperature difference is adopted to achieve refined control. This is because the time constant of return water temperature feedback is too large during the control process, making it difficult to achieve timely and accurate control, and air source heat pumps are more sensitive to supply water temperature.

[0038] Furthermore, increasing the pipe diameter helps reduce the system's specific friction. While reducing the resistance of the pipe network, it can also reduce the head of the selected circulating pump set, and the operating power of the circulating pump set will also decrease accordingly. Based on the measured system pressure difference and flow rate, an automatic optimal pump operation is adopted, so that the pump started meets the system flow requirements and is always the optimal efficiency selection. The pump set can operate in a wide flow range of 20% to 120%, which can cope with the system's variable flow and operating conditions. The efficiency meets the energy-saving evaluation value specified in GB19762 "Energy Efficiency Limits and Energy Saving Evaluation Values ​​for Centrifugal Pumps of Clean Water". Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a high-efficiency air source heat pump station system according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of an efficient air source heat pump station system including an energy storage unit, according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the spacing arrangement of the top-discharge heat pump unit;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the spacing arrangement of side-discharge heat pump units;

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the wind and snow protection measures for a heat pump unit;

[0044] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between heat pump unit installation and monsoon seasons;

[0045] Figure 7Schematic diagram of water vapor nucleation in frost suppression principle of drain fin of heat pump unit;

[0046] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of reducing condensation droplets in frost suppression principle of drain fin of heat pump unit;

[0047] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of weakening heat conduction process in frost suppression principle of drain fin of heat pump unit;

[0048] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of alternating hot gas bypass defrosting technology principle;

[0049] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of on / off strategy of heat pump unit.

[0050] In the figure, 1 is an air source heat pump system, 2 is a circulating pump group, 3 is a dirt removal system, 4 is a constant pressure water replenishing vacuum degassing unit, 5 is a soft water system, 6 is a soft water tank, 7 is a zoned electric butterfly valve, 8 is a low resistance valve, 9 is an ultrasonic heat meter, 10 is a flow sensor, 11 is a pressure sensor, 12 is a temperature sensor, 13 is an electric differential pressure bypass valve, 14 is a water supply pipeline, 15 is a return water pipeline, 16 is an energy storage unit, 17 is an electromagnetic valve, 18 is a constant pressure tank, 19 is a first manual valve, 20 is a second manual valve, 21 is a third manual valve, 22 is a fourth manual valve, and 23 is an intelligent control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific examples, which are an explanation but not a limitation of the application.

[0052] The application discloses a kind of high-efficiency air source heat pump station house systems, refer to Figure 1 、 2, including intelligent control system 23, air source heat pump system 1, circulating pump group 2, constant pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing unit 4, pollution removal system 3, soft water system 5 and pipelines and valve pieces 8 connecting various units. Among them, the air source heat pump system 1 needs to be placed in a place with good outdoor ventilation and air exchange, which is the source of air conditioning refrigeration in summer and heating in winter; the circulating water pump is in the form of an integrated pump group with a control cabinet, which is the power equipment for transporting air conditioning and heating cold and heat; the pipeline of the constant pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing unit 4 is connected to the suction side return water main of the circulating water pump, which plays a role in stabilizing the pressure, automatically replenishing water, automatically draining the expansion, removing free gas and dissolved gas in the system, etc.; the pollution removal system 3 is installed on the system return water main, which solves the problems of system corrosion, scaling, bacteria and algae and water quality, etc.; the soft water system 5 prepares water quality suitable for the constant pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing unit 4, which solves the water quality parameter index control and the special water quality demand of users; the intelligent control system 23 is used to collect operation data and develop optimal operation strategies, which is the key to fully automated energy-saving operation and ensures the safe and stable operation of the system; the water supply pipeline 14 and the return water pipeline 15 are essential components for the organic connection between various devices in the air source heat pump station house, and are the medium for the intelligent control system 23 to transport cold and heat. The specific selection and configuration of each unit will be described one by one later.

[0053] The intelligent control system 23 is used to control the start and stop of the air source heat pump system 1, the circulating pump group 2, the constant pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing unit 4, the pollution removal system 3 and related valve pieces (such as low resistance valve pieces 8, partition electric butterfly valves 7, etc.), and intelligently controls the system 23 to run in variable water temperature mode and variable flow mode according to the end load. In this embodiment, the intelligent control system 23 is installed in the control cabinet and is configured with an expansion cabinet. Through the combination of the main control cabinet and the expansion cabinet, the control quantity of the heat pump unit can be greatly increased; at the same time, the intelligent control system 23 can realize fine control and switching control such as partition grouping control, full load increase and decrease of each unit in each partition, low frequency operation of each unit in each partition, etc., so as to realize the unattended target. When the number of heat pump units is too large, the expansion cabinet can be used to expand the control of the excess heat pump units. The intelligent control system 23 has intelligent operation and maintenance functions, has full automatic operation and perfect fault protection mechanism, can realize different collocation combination forms of constant / variable frequency air source heat pump units and constant / variable frequency pump groups, and preferentially runs high-efficiency equipment; monitors the overall energy consumption of the system in real time, judges whether to preferentially use variable water temperature control technology or variable flow control technology in the running process of the whole heat pump station house system according to the energy efficiency, and the intelligent control system 23 can be remotely monitored by a computer terminal or a mobile phone terminal.

[0054] The air source heat pump system 1 selects multiple variable frequency variable flow type heat pump units with independent control, multiple variable frequency variable flow type heat pump units are connected in parallel, and each unit is connected with the soft water system 5 through its own branch pipeline and partition electric butterfly valve 7; the intelligent control system 23 controls the water temperature adjustment of the air source heat pump system with constant supply / return water temperature difference as the target.

[0055] For air source heat pump system, the variable frequency variable flow type air source heat pump unit with higher COP value and IPLV value is selected under the same refrigerating capacity. The system can be energy-savingly operated with variable water flow. Specifically, in the severe cold and cold A zone, a low temperature or ultra-low temperature heat pump unit is selected. The unit adopts gas-liquid mixed injection enthalpy technology, which can greatly improve the low temperature heating capacity. The unit can operate uninterruptedly at-25℃ outdoor temperature and ensure that the water outlet temperature is above 40℃. When the project size is large, the cold and heat load is high, or the outdoor site is limited, the air-cooled screw heat pump unit is used instead of the air-cooled scroll type module heat pump unit, so as to achieve "slimming" system, simplify control and save floor area.

[0056] Referring to Figure 3 、 4 , 5, 6, the heat pump unit is arranged outdoors of the building, and there is no shelter around and on the top of the unit; the heat pump unit includes top air outlet units and side air outlet units according to the air outlet side; when multiple heat pump units are arranged side by side in parallel, the distance between two adjacent top air outlet units in the horizontal direction is not less than 1.5m, the distance in the vertical direction is not less than 2m, and the distance from the top shelter is not less than 3m; in winter and summer, the units are opened row by row from outside to inside, and then layer by layer from outside to inside from the outermost edge of the two opposite directions; when closed, the units are closed layer by layer from the middle to the outside, and then layer by layer from the middle to the opposite two directions.

[0057] The multiple heat pump units are controlled according to the terminal load, and the number of zones is at least 3, and at least 3 heat pump units are arranged in each zone; each zone is connected in parallel, and each zone is controlled by the intelligent control system 23 through the independent electric control valve 7; the heat pump units and the electric control valve 7 of each zone are interlocked with the circulating pump group 2. That is, the air source heat pump system 1 is adjusted and controlled in groups, and the number and load of the heat pump units are flexibly adjusted according to the actual demand, so as to reduce the energy consumption and improve the system energy efficiency. The principles of increasing, decreasing, starting and stopping of the units in each zone and the same frequency operation are as follows:

[0058] (1) The heat pump unit control mode is based on the percentage of the compressor operating current RLA%.

[0059] Heat pump unit addition: if the percentage of the unit operating current and the rated current is greater than the set value 95%, and this state lasts for 10-15min, after safety condition judgment, another unit is started.

[0060] Heat pump unit reduction: the percentage of the operating current of each unit and the rated current is less than the set value 45%, after safety condition judgment, one unit is closed.

[0061] (2) In the loading, the "soft start" mode is adopted, the operation condition of the running unit is first reduced, then the next unit is started, and finally the operation condition of multiple units is increased. In the unloading, the "soft shutdown" mode is adopted. The operation condition of multiple units is first reduced, then the operation of one unit is stopped. Through the "soft start" and "soft shutdown", the great impact on the power grid caused by the start and stop of the unit can be avoided, and the safety of the unit and the power distribution station can be ensured.

[0062] Referring to Figure 7 、 8 , 9, 10, because in winter, the outdoor air dry bulb temperature is greater than -12℃, less than 5.8℃, and the relative humidity is greater than 67%, frost is easy to form. Frosting is a problem that all air source heat pump systems 1 will face in a specific environment, which will cause the heating efficiency of the unit to decrease. Therefore, in the present application, a defrosting detection module is configured on the heat pump unit, and the output end of the defrosting detection module is connected with the input end of the intelligent control system 23; in the early stage of frosting, the heat pump unit in the partition is adjusted from the power frequency state to the low frequency state; when the heat pump unit naturally defrosts, the heat pump unit in the partition is turned off.

[0063] In winter, about 63% of the defrosting process will occur, which will cause great fluctuations in the operation condition of the unit, and even affect its safety. Therefore, in the present application, the defrosting detection module includes a humidity acquisition module, a temperature acquisition module and a heat exchanger air resistance acquisition module, and the intelligent control system 23 controls defrosting according to the predicted frost amount control logic and the self-learning defrosting control logic. The acquisition and detection of multiple variables increase the judgment basis for defrosting, which helps to realize accurate defrosting; the increase of the self-learning defrosting control logic reduces the probability of false defrosting. Among them, the heat exchanger air resistance is an important indicator for measuring the thickness of the frost layer and its influence on the performance of the equipment. With the thickening of the frost layer, the air flow is blocked, the air resistance increases, and the heat exchange effect is directly affected. The heat exchanger air resistance acquisition module can directly reflect the frost accumulation by monitoring the change of the air resistance, which provides a direct basis for the system to start the defrosting program in time.

[0064] The frost prediction control logic uses algorithms to predict the amount of frost based on multiple variable data such as humidity, temperature, and wind resistance, plans defrosting in advance, ensures that defrosting is started at the best time, reduces energy loss, and the process is as follows: The frost prediction control logic refers to the detection and collection of relevant data by the temperature, humidity, and wind resistance change detection and collection module, then constructs a regional frost map, and normalizes the frost rate and frost time of each frost region in the map. Then, the air dry bulb temperature and relative humidity obtained in real time are used to determine the frost region entered during air conditioning operation. Finally, the frost amount in each frost region during air conditioning operation is calculated based on the frost region entered during air conditioning operation, and the normalized frost rate and frost time of the frost region, and the frost amount in each frost region is normalized to predict the frost amount of the air conditioner. The self-learning defrosting control logic is based on the frost prediction control logic, and the actual frost state during the winter operation of the air conditioner is memorized, stored, and compared every year, the related database is continuously enriched and improved, and the next year's logic control is more accurate and practical.

[0065] When the winter outdoor weather deteriorates further and the unit is frosted, the intelligent control system 23 uses a multi-mode coupled defrosting method to defrost, and after partitioning, the operation strategy of rotating defrosting is used for defrosting. Each heat pump unit uses a double-circuit alternating hot gas bypass defrosting technology for defrosting. Among them, the rotating defrosting operation control strategy can realize natural defrosting of the system, and the double-circuit alternating hot gas bypass defrosting technology can realize uninterrupted heating defrosting without affecting indoor heating demand, improving indoor comfort and system stability. For example, when the winter outdoor environment gradually deteriorates and gradually enters the frosting state, the system is partitioned first, and the units in the partitioned area are adjusted from the working frequency state to the low frequency running state, which can greatly reduce the frosting probability.

[0066] The heat pump unit uses compact fins with a hydrophobic coating and adjustable angle, wherein the hydrophobic coating can inhibit water vapor nucleation on the fin surface, reduce condensate droplet distribution density, weaken the heat conduction process, and inhibit frost formation. The compact fin with adjustable angle is selected to avoid secondary frosting after defrosting. The air in the closed space formed by the nanometer structure on the fin surface and the frost layer expands when heated, and at the same time the adhesion of the solid surface becomes weak. At this time, the frost layer on the fin can be directly peeled off, and the amount of water retained on the surface will be greatly reduced. In this embodiment, the coating is obtained by solution etching, deionized water boiling, and fluorosilane vapor fluorination; the fin substrate is made of aluminum alloy material.

[0067] Reference Figure 2, the air source heat pump system selects a coupled high-efficiency air source heat pump group with an energy storage unit 16, and the air source heat pump system 1 is started and stopped under the regulation of the intelligent control system 23 according to the principle of "lowest cost". Common energy storage types include ice energy storage systems, water energy storage systems, phase change material energy storage systems and other energy storage systems. Energy storage devices have wide application prospects in the fields of refrigeration and heating, can effectively reduce operating costs, improve energy utilization efficiency, and play a positive role in peak-valley balance of the power grid. When selecting the energy storage unit 16, various factors such as specific application scenarios, technical and economic properties, and environmental protection properties need to be considered comprehensively. In this embodiment, according to the electricity policy in different regions, when the peak-valley electricity price ratio exceeds 3:1, the coupled high-efficiency air source heat pump system is preferred. The energy storage unit 16 is used as a cold and heat source of the air conditioning system during peak electricity prices, and only the circulating pump group 2 is operated during the daytime load peak period. The system is more stable and reliable in operation, and the running cost is greatly reduced.

[0068] In this embodiment, the pressure tank 18 and the electromagnetic valve 17 are arranged on the return water pipeline 15 of the circulating pump group 2. The pressure tank 18 can buffer the water pressure fluctuation in the system to ensure the stability of the system water pressure, which is crucial for protecting system equipment and improving system operation efficiency. The electromagnetic valve 17 serves as a control valve on the return water pipeline 15 and can accurately control the return water flow according to system needs. By being connected to the intelligent control system 23, the electromagnetic valve 17 can realize automatic control.

[0069] The circulating pump group 2 adopts a one-body integrated variable frequency pump group with multiple specifications in parallel and a self-contained control cabinet. The integrated intelligent variable frequency pump group can run efficiently to reduce the energy consumption of the delivery and distribution system, so that the proportion of the delivery and distribution energy consumption in the total energy consumption of the high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system is reduced to below 20%, and the system is more reasonable and efficient. The circulating pump group 2 is adjusted according to the "optimal efficiency optimization" principle under the regulation of the intelligent control system 23 when the water flow in the system changes after the end load changes, so as to start different water pumps or water pump frequency conversion for matching to achieve the highest efficiency. For example, according to the measured system pressure difference and flow, the pump is automatically optimized and operated to meet the system flow requirements while always being the optimal efficiency selection. The pump group can operate in a wide flow range of 20-120% to cope with variable flow and variable working conditions, and the efficiency meets the energy-saving evaluation value specified in the "Fresh Water Centrifugal Pump Energy Efficiency Limit Value and Energy-Saving Evaluation Value" GB19762.

[0070] The circulating pump group 2 has a self-contained control cabinet and can open protocols with the machine room group control system. According to the change of the system flow, the intelligent control system 23 automatically switches different flow large, medium and small pumps, and each pump is operated at variable frequency, so that the entire station house system flow can always be operated in the high-efficiency area when the flow changes, thereby reducing the system delivery energy consumption.

[0071] The start-up sequence of the air source heat pump unit 1 in the air source heat pump station house system of the present application is: starting the circulating pump set 2, starting the electric valve on the partition pipeline, and starting the heat pump unit. The shutdown sequence is opposite to the start-up sequence. The opening / closing of related equipment needs to be confirmed before the next equipment is opened / closed. If a fault occurs, the pump is automatically stopped. In the present embodiment, a flow meter is arranged in the circulating pump set 2. The flow meter feeds back the real-time flow of the system. When the same flow-lift working condition point is used, different numbers and frequencies are combined according to the different flows of large, medium and small pumps, and the system can select the optimal matching scheme by combining the system flow-efficiency curve, so that the system always runs at the highest efficiency point of the stage.

[0072] When the required load at the terminal end decreases, the pressure difference between the cold and hot water mains changes, the terminal cold water demand decreases, the electric pressure difference bypass valve 13 is adjusted and opened, and the excess water is transferred to the return water main through the electric pressure difference bypass pipe. The terminal flow changes, and the pump is adjusted by frequency conversion at this time. The load side is variable flow operation. When the load side demand decreases, the flow can also be kept unchanged. After the pressure difference changes, the temperature sensor 12 on the supply and return water main can be compared, the system feeds back to the heat pump unit, so that the heat pump unit increases or decreases the supply water temperature, so as to keep the supply and return water temperature difference unchanged. If the return water temperature increases by the same temperature, the unit COP value increases by at least 3% to 5% for every 1℃ increase of the supply water temperature, and the operation is more energy-saving. Therefore, the system provided by the present application has two adjustment modes of variable water temperature and variable water quantity, and can adopt manual adjustment, or can compare the two forms by using an automatic control algorithm, so as to compare the results under the premise of energy-saving operation, and select the optimal mode.

[0073] The constant-pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing unit 4 is connected to the suction side return water pipe of the circulating pump set 2. The constant-pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing unit 4 can automatically read system information and use its own adjustment capability. When the water consumption decreases or no water is used, the water replenishment pump can be started for a long time to save energy. The equipment structure is compact, the land occupation is small, and the land resources are saved. The equipment is fully automatically operated, does not need special management, and is reliable in operation. The degassing efficiency and deoxygenation efficiency are both greater than 99%, the cavitation and aerobic corrosion are reduced, and the system is stably operated.

[0074] When the water system is circulating, on one hand, there are a large amount of gases, if not removed, it is easy to cause air blockage, resulting in poor circulation of the whole system, uneven heating and cooling, and damage of equipment and pipes; on the other hand, the oxygen contained in the water causes corrosion, perforation, water leakage and the like of the terminal equipment such as heat supply (cooling) equipment, pipes or steel heat radiators, which directly affects the safety of the whole system. The degassing equipment in the unit releases the free gas and dissolved gas in the water according to the Henry's law (the principle that when the temperature increases or the pressure decreases, the dissolved gas in the water will decrease under certain temperature and pressure) without changing the water temperature, and then the gas is discharged from the system through the automatic exhaust valve. The unsaturated water after degassing will absorb the gas in the system to seek the gas balance. Thus, the circulation is carried out to remove all the gas in the system, and the stable and safe operation of the system is ensured.

[0075] The soft water system 5 is connected with the water inlet side pipeline of the constant pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing unit 4; the pollution removal system 3 is arranged in the total return water pipeline; and the air source heat pump system 1 is connected with the circulating pump set 2. In the embodiment, the water inlet of the soft water system 5 is municipal tap water, the tap water enters the soft water system for softening treatment, and then the water outlet enters the softened water tank 6. The pollution removal system 3 can continuously treat the water quality of the system in full flow during operation and filter regeneration, and does not affect the normal work of the system; high-precision continuous operation of filtration, pollution removal and filtration can be realized; the radio frequency physical field treatment technology is adopted, the treatment efficiency is enhanced, and the problem of mutual interference between different frequency spectrums and the reduction of efficiency is solved; the PLC programmable control technology is adopted, the linkage, switching and full-automatic operation of the whole equipment can be realized; the water quality is monitored in real time and continuously through the online dynamic monitoring system, and the equipment operation is guided.

[0076] The water temperature monitoring system connected with the intelligent control system 23 is further included, the water temperature monitoring system transmits the change signal of the terminal load to the intelligent control system 23, the intelligent control system 23 adjusts the water supply temperature of the air source heat pump system 1 under the condition that the water temperature difference is unchanged, so as to timely increase or decrease the water supply temperature, realize the variable water temperature control technology, realize the accurate adaptation of the equipment performance and the building load, improve the energy efficiency of the system operation, and reduce the power consumption of the main machine.

[0077] The low resistance valve 8 is arranged on the pipeline and is controlled by the intelligent control system 23. The pipe diameter of the pipeline is set according to the specific frictional resistance, in the embodiment, the specific frictional resistance of the pipeline of the whole system during refrigeration is not more than 160 Pa / m, and is preferably 150 Pa / m; and the specific frictional resistance of the pipeline during heating is not more than 80 Pa / m, and is preferably 75 Pa / m.

[0078] The low-resistance valve 8 adopts a low-resistance basket filter, a right-angle filter or a flow guide filter instead of a Y-type filter, adopts a low-resistance mute check valve instead of a disc check valve, adopts a low-resistance integrated multifunctional valve on a vertical water pump, and adopts a low-resistance electromagnetic or ultrasonic heat meter 9 instead of a mechanical heat meter. The resistance of the low-resistance valve 8 is less than or equal to 3 kPa. In the embodiment, the air source heat pump system 1, the circulating pump group 2, the soft water system 5, the constant-pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing machine group 4 and the decontamination system 3 form a circulating system through a water supply pipeline 14 and a return water pipeline 15. The ultrasonic heat meter 9, the first manual valve 19 and the third manual valve 21 are arranged on the water supply pipeline 14, and the second manual valve 20 and the fourth manual valve 22 are arranged on the return water pipeline 15. During energy storage, the first manual valve 19 and the second manual valve 20 are in an open state, and the third manual valve 21 and the fourth manual valve 22 are in a closed state. During direct supply, the first manual valve 19 and the second manual valve 20 are in a closed state, and the third manual valve 21 and the fourth manual valve 22 are in an open state. The decontamination system 3 is provided with an electric differential pressure bypass valve 13. The bypass flow in the system pipeline is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the valve, so that the pressure difference between the two ends of the water supply and return main pipes is kept constant. When the system pressure difference increases and exceeds the set value of the control valve, the valve will automatically open to make more water flow through the bypass pipeline, thereby reducing the system pressure difference. Conversely, when the system pressure difference decreases, the valve will be closed accordingly to maintain the stability of the system pressure difference.

[0079] The starting strategy of the high-efficiency air source heat pump station system Figure 11 As shown in the figure, in winter and summer, when the heat pump main machine is started, according to the gradual increase of the load, the arrow A direction is from outside to inside, and each partition is opened layer by layer to reduce the "cold island" effect. When the heat pump main machine is turned off in winter and summer, according to the gradual decrease of the load, the arrow B direction is from inside to outside, and each partition is closed layer by layer to reduce the "cold island" effect. When the unit enters winter operation, as the outdoor temperature gradually decreases, in order to reduce the probability of frosting, the running frequency of the heat pump unit in the opened partition can be first reduced, and the medium and low frequency operation can be adjusted to 50% to 80%.

[0080] The high-efficiency air source heat pump station system can run efficiently and save energy. According to the change of outdoor environment, the water supply temperature is changed correspondingly to avoid excessive cooling or heating of the system, which not only causes waste but also affects the comfort of indoor personnel. For example, in early summer, the outdoor temperature is not very high, the heat pump unit can be started according to the end load demand, and the water supply temperature can be increased to meet the end use requirement, at the same time, the COP of the heat pump unit is increased. In the summer, most or all of the heat pump units in the partition are started, and the water supply temperature is reduced to normal. The starting mode in late summer can be the same as that in early summer. The control mode in winter is opposite to that in summer.

[0081] The high-efficiency air source heat pump station house system realizes energy saving and carbon reduction operation, makes the system finely operate and adjust according to the partition, avoids the low-efficiency operation of all outdoor units being started, matches the cold and heat output of the station house system with the indoor terminal demand, reduces the unscientific frequent start and stop of the air source heat pump system 1, and avoids the winter hot water flowing through the stopped heat pump unit through the setting of the partition electric valve, saves a large amount of heat loss caused by the invalid bypass flow through the unit, and the heat loss in this part can reach 20%-35% of the total system heating capacity, which has a great influence.

[0082] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and does not use any restriction on the technical solutions of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions can be simply modified and replaced without departing from the spirit and principles of the present application, and these modifications and replacements also belong to the protection scope covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A high efficiency air source heat pump station house system, characterized by, The system comprises an intelligent control system, an air source heat pump system, a circulating pump group, a constant pressure water supply vacuum degassing unit, a dirt removal system, a soft water system, and pipelines, valves and related monitoring devices connecting the units; The intelligent control system is used to control the start and stop of the air source heat pump system, the circulating pump group, the constant pressure water supply vacuum degassing unit, the dirt removal system and the pipelines and valves, and the intelligent control system adopts variable water temperature mode and variable flow mode operation according to the end load condition; The air source heat pump system selects multiple independently controlled and parallel variable frequency variable flow heat pump units, each unit is connected with the soft water system through respective branch pipelines and valves, and the intelligent control system controls the water temperature adjustment of the air source heat pump system with constant supply and return water temperature difference as the target; The circulating pump group adopts a multi-specification parallel integrated variable frequency pump group with a control cabinet, and the variable frequency pump group is started by the intelligent control system according to the "optimal efficiency optimization" principle to match different pumps or pump frequency conversion; The constant pressure water supply vacuum degassing unit is connected to the suction side return water pipe of the circulating pump group, and the soft water system is connected to the water inlet side pipeline of the constant pressure water supply vacuum degassing unit; The dirt removal system is arranged in the total return water pipeline, and the air source heat pump system is connected with the circulating pump group; The valves and related monitoring devices are arranged on the pipelines and are controlled by the intelligent control system; The heat pump units are arranged outdoors of the building, and there are no obstructions around and on top of the units; the heat pump units are divided into top air outlet units and side air outlet units according to the air outlet side, and when multiple units are arranged side by side in parallel, the horizontal distance between two adjacent top air outlet units is not less than 1.5 m, the vertical distance is not less than 2 m, and the distance between the units and the top obstructions is not less than 3 m; When starting, the units are started from the outermost side to the innermost side in each row and then from the outermost layer to the innermost layer; when stopping, the units are stopped from the middle layer to the outer layer and then from the middle layer to the outer layer in each row; Multiple heat pump units are controlled in zones according to the end load, and the number of zones is at least 3, and at least 3 heat pump units are arranged in each zone; the zones are connected in parallel, and each zone is controlled independently by the intelligent control system through an independent electric control valve; the heat pump units and the electric control valves in each zone are interlocked with the circulating pump group; A defrosting detection module is arranged on the heat pump unit, and the output end of the defrosting detection module is connected with the input end of the intelligent control system; in the initial stage of frosting, the heat pump units in each zone are adjusted from power frequency state to low frequency state according to the zones; when the units are naturally defrosted, the heat pump units in the zone are stopped; The defrosting detection module comprises a humidity acquisition module, a temperature acquisition module and a heat exchanger air resistance acquisition module, and the intelligent control system controls defrosting according to a predicted frost amount control logic and a self-learning defrosting control logic; When the outdoor weather is further deteriorated in winter and the units are frosted, the intelligent control system adopts a multi-mode coupled defrosting mode to defrost, and the defrosting is performed in a zone rotation mode after zoning, and each heat pump unit adopts a double-circuit alternating hot gas bypass defrosting technology to defrost.

2. The high-efficiency air source heat pump plant system of claim 1, wherein, The air source heat pump system adopts a coupled high-efficiency air source heat pump unit.

3. The high-efficiency air source heat pump plant system of claim 2, wherein, For air source heat pump system, select the variable frequency variable flow type air source heat pump unit with higher COP value and IPLV value under the same refrigerating capacity, that is, in the severe cold and cold A zone, select low temperature or ultra low temperature type heat pump unit; When the project size is large, the cold and heat load is high or the outdoor site is limited, use air-cooled screw heat pump unit.

4. The high-efficiency air source heat pump plant system of claim 1, wherein, The heat pump unit adopts compact fin with drainage coating and adjustable angle.

5. The high-efficiency air source heat pump plant system of claim 1, wherein, The air source heat pump system selects heat pump unit with energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit is started and stopped under the regulation of intelligent control system according to the principle of " lowest cost".

6. The high-efficiency air source heat pump plant system of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a water temperature monitoring system connected to the intelligent control system, which transmits the change signal of the terminal load to the intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system adjusts the water supply temperature of the air source heat pump system under the condition that the water temperature difference is unchanged.

7. The high-efficiency air source heat pump station system of claim 1, wherein, The pipe diameter is set according to the pipe friction resistance not more than 160 Pa / m during refrigeration and not more than 80 Pa / m during heating, the valve adopts low resistance basket filter, right angle filter or flow guide filter instead of Y type filter, low resistance silent check valve instead of disc check valve, low resistance integrated multifunctional valve on vertical water pump, low resistance electromagnetic or ultrasonic heat meter instead of mechanical heat meter, and the resistance of valve is less than or equal to 3 kPa.

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