A pesticide composition, formulation and application for protecting flowers and fruits

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of pesticide technology, specifically to a pesticide composition, formulation, and application for flower and fruit preservation. The active ingredients of the pesticide composition are sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and furosylaminopurine, with a mass ratio of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate to furosylaminopurine of (0.5–10):1. This invention combines sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and furosylaminopurine to prepare a pesticide composition that improves the flower and fruit preservation effect of plants, increases yield per acre, ensures fruit quality, has no phytotoxicity, and has wide adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pesticide technology, specifically to a pesticide composition, formulation, and application for preserving flowers and fruits. Background Technology

[0002] When fruit trees have insufficient nutrient reserves and young fruits are not developing well, if flowers and fruits are not protected in time, the fruit trees will have difficulty setting fruit or the fruit will set but the fruit will not develop well, greatly reducing the fruit yield.

[0003] Current technologies often use foliar application of plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits. However, while using a single plant growth regulator can have some effect, increasing the number of fruits, it does not improve the weight or quality of individual fruits. Secondly, different crops have varying sensitivities to plant growth regulators, and the application of existing plant growth regulators requires advanced techniques. For example, pears are more sensitive to gibberellin (920) than apples, and different jujube varieties show varying responses to gibberellin (920). Furthermore, the applicable concentration range for 2,4-D and other similar regulators is narrow, and improper use can easily lead to phytotoxicity. Inappropriate use of plant growth regulators can result in phytotoxicity or poor efficacy, and may also reduce crop yield and quality, thus limiting their application.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to study a plant growth regulator composition that is widely adaptable, phytotoxic, effective in protecting flowers and fruits, and ensures fruit quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a pesticide composition, formulation, and application for preserving flowers and fruits. This invention combines sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine to prepare a pesticide composition that improves the flower and fruit preservation effect of plants, increases yield per acre, ensures fruit quality, has no phytotoxicity, and has wide applicability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pesticide composition for preserving flowers and fruits, wherein the active ingredients of the pesticide composition are sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine, and the mass ratio of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate to furfuryl aminopurine is (0.5-10):1.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate to furfurylaminopurine is (0.625–2.5):1. In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate to furfurylaminopurine is any one of 0.5:1, 0.625:1, 1.25:1, 2.5:1, 5:1, 10:1, or a value between both.

[0009] Secondly, the present invention provides a pesticide formulation for protecting flowers and fruits, the pesticide formulation comprising the pesticide composition and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

[0010] The excipients include any one or more of the following: solvents, additives, wetting agents, dispersants, antifreeze agents, thickeners, disintegrants, fillers, and nutrients.

[0011] The formulation of the pesticide includes any one of the following: soluble concentrate, suspension concentrate, soluble powder, and water-dispersible granules.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solvent is selected from one or more of water, sodium hydroxide, trisodium citrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and dimethylacetamide.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the wetting agent is selected from one or more of cocamidopropyl betaine and isomeric alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickener is selected from any one or more of xanthan gum and magnesium aluminum silicate.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dispersant is selected from any one or more of SP-2818L, sodium lignosulfonate, SP-SC3219, SP-SC3275, and purified water.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the filler is selected from any one or more of corn starch and diatomaceous earth.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nutrient element is selected from any one or more of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, sodium tripolyphosphate, tripotassium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, potassium phosphite, and borax pentahydrate.

[0018] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the pesticide composition in promoting crop flowering and fruit setting.

[0019] Preferably, the application concentration of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate in the pesticide composition is (5-10) mg / L, and the application concentration of furfuryl aminopurine is (0.5-10) mg / L.

[0020] Preferably, the application concentration of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate in the pesticide composition is 5 mg / L, and the application concentration of furfuryl aminopurine is (2-8) mg / L.

[0021] Preferably, the crop is selected from any one of sweet cherry, wax apple, lychee, lemon, and ginseng fruit.

[0022] Preferably, the crop is sweet cherry, and the pesticide composition is applied to sweet cherry at the end of the full bloom stage for the first application and at the first fruit expansion stage for the second application.

[0023] Preferably, the crop is wax apple, and the pesticide composition is applied to the wax apple during the white-bellied stage of the wax apple.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] In this invention, sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate, a type of auxin, promotes growth, inhibits abscission layer formation, and induces parthenocarpy. Furfural, a aminopurine, promotes cell division and tissue differentiation, induces bud differentiation, relieves apical dominance, delays protein and chlorophyll degradation, and has preservative and anti-aging effects. It can also delay abscission layer formation, regulate nutrient transport, and promote fruit setting. The inventors have discovered that combining sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and furfural, with a rationally controlled ratio, exhibits excellent synergistic effects. This combination can inhibit abscission layer formation, increase the content of endogenous growth-promoting hormones, regulate nutrition, and, combined with cytokinin anti-drop signals, promote young fruit development, thus achieving fruit and flower retention, increasing yield per acre, and ensuring fruit quality.

[0026] The composition described in this invention can be applied to a variety of crops under reasonable proportions, and has the effect of protecting flowers and fruits on a variety of crops. It is not prone to causing phytotoxicity, can be widely used, and has high safety. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0028] Raw material source:

[0029] Sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate, molecular formula C8H6ClNaO3, provided by Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd.

[0030] Furfural aminopurine, molecular formula CH6N4, provided by Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd.

[0031] SP-SC3275 polycarboxylate modified material—purchased from Jiangsu Qingyu Technology Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0032] SP-SC3219 naphthalene sulfonate modified product—purchased from Jiangsu Qingyu Technology Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0033] SP-2818L naphthalene sulfonate modified product—purchased from Jiangsu Qingyu Technology Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0034] CAB35 cocamidopropyl betaine – purchased from Chengdu Kehongda Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0035] Example 1: Sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate·furfurylaminopurine soluble concentrate

[0036] According to the mass percentage formulation in Table 1, dissolve furfuryl aminopurine in dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone, add Tween 80 and stir until homogeneous, then add CAB35 or isomeric alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and stir until homogeneous, then add water, and finally add sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and stir until dissolved to obtain the final product.

[0037] Table 1

[0038]

[0039] Example 2: Sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate·furfurylaminopurine suspension

[0040] According to the mass percentage formulation in Table 2, first, mix furfurylaminopurine, SP-SC3219, SP-SC3275, and purified water evenly, then homogenize for 10 minutes using a high-speed dispersant; then transfer the liquid to a sand mill and mill for 30 minutes; then add sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and stir to dissolve for 30 minutes; then add xanthan gum and magnesium aluminum silicate to ethylene glycol for even dispersion, mix and swell with 5% (by mass) purified water, and add to the sand mill liquid; finally, homogenize for 15 minutes using a high-speed dispersant to obtain sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate·furfurylaminopurine suspension.

[0041] Table 2

[0042]

[0043] Example 3: Sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate·furfurylaminopurine water-dispersible granules

[0044] According to the mass percentage formula in Table 3, sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate, furfuryl aminopurine, SP-2818L, sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium sulfate, corn starch, diatomaceous earth, etc. are mixed for 10 minutes, air-jet pulverized, mixed for another 15 minutes, sprayed with water accounting for 10% of the total mass of the mixture, kneaded, extruded and granulated, and dried to obtain the final product.

[0045] Table 3

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Example 4: Sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate·furfurylaminopurine soluble powder

[0049] According to the mass percentage formula in Table 4, mix sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate, furfuryl aminopurine, and each nutrient element for 10 minutes, pulverize using a universal grinder, and then mix for another 15 minutes to obtain the final product.

[0050] Table 4

[0051]

[0052] Example 5: Experimental effect of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine on sweet cherries

[0053] Test period: March 20, 2023 - May 30, 2023

[0054] Test location: Wangyanren Village, Dali County, Shaanxi Province

[0055] Test subject: Early American cherry

[0056] Experimental Variety Selection: Gisela 6 rootstock, with uniform growth, consistent management level, vigorous tree growth, abundant flowering, KGB tree shape, sandy loam soil, no obvious pests or diseases, and no growth regulators used on sweet cherries in the early stages. Experimental Reagents and Treatment Timing: Three trees were selected for each treatment for replicate testing. The concentrations of sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine, both single and combined, are shown in Table 5. The first spray was applied at the end of the peak flowering period (March 20, 2023), with a dosage of 1500 ml / tree; a second spray was applied 14 days later, during the first fruit expansion stage (April 14, 2023), with a dosage of 2000 ml / tree.

[0057] Control reagent: 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution.

[0058] Experimental basis: Refer to GB / T 17980.145-2004 Field Efficacy Test Guidelines for Pesticides (II) Part 145 Test on Plant Growth Regulators for Promoting Flowering and Fruit Setting in Fruit Trees, and NY / T 2061.5-2016 Indoor Bioassay Test Guidelines for Pesticides Part 5: Determination of Combined Effects of Mixtures.

[0059] Experimental observation: One day after the first application of the drug, no spots, scorching, or falling off were observed on the petals; two days after the second application of the drug, no spots, scorching, curling, or falling off were observed on the leaves.

[0060] Data statistical analysis: For each treatment group, four lateral branches were randomly selected from each tree and tagged. The fruit set rate, single fruit weight, and first-grade fruit rate of the tagged lateral branches for each treatment were statistically analyzed, and the average values ​​were calculated. The yield per tree for each treatment concentration was also statistically analyzed, and the yield per acre and yield increase rate were calculated (plant spacing 2m×3m, 110 plants per acre). DPS6.55 (Duncan) statistical software was used for analysis. Based on the experimental data, the average fruit set rate C1, average single fruit weight increase rate C2, average first-grade fruit rate C3, and yield increase rate per acre C4 were calculated.

[0061] Fruit set rate (%) = Number of fruits / Number of flowers × 100%;

[0062] Average single fruit weight = total weight / number of fruits;

[0063] Average Grade 1 fruit rate (%) = Number of Grade 1 fruits / Total number of fruits × 100%.

[0064] Yield increase rate (%) = (yield per mu of treatment group - yield per mu of control group) / yield per mu of control group × 100%.

[0065] Evaluation Method: The Gowing formula was used to calculate the theoretical average fruit set rate (E1), average single fruit weight increase rate (E2), first-grade fruit rate (E3), and yield increase rate per mu (E4) after the mixture. The actual measured evaluation indicators C1, C2, C3, and C4 after the mixture were compared with the theoretical indicators E1, E2, E3, and E4 obtained from the Gowing formula. Actual values ​​greater than the theoretical values ​​by 10% indicated a synergistic effect; actual values ​​between 0% and 10% indicated an additive effect; and actual values ​​less than the theoretical values ​​indicated an antagonistic effect. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6. The calculation method of the Gowing formula is as follows:

[0066] Gowing's formula: E = x + y - xy / 100; where x and y are the actual increase rates obtained by using each component alone.

[0067] Table 5. Test results of each single agent or combination applied to fruit preservation in sweet cherries.

[0068]

[0069] Table 6. Results of trials on the application of individual agents or combinations in increasing sweet cherry yield.

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 5, the combination of sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furfurylaminopurine in this invention has a better fruit-preserving effect compared to single agents. Specifically, at a mass ratio of (0.5–10):1, it has an additive or synergistic effect on improving fruit set rate, single fruit weight, and first-grade fruit rate in sweet cherries. Furthermore, at a mass ratio of (0.625–2.5):1, it also has a synergistic effect on improving fruit set rate, single fruit weight, and first-grade fruit rate in sweet cherries. In addition, a comparison of the experimental results of the 5 mg / L sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furfurylaminopurine combination with the 10 mg / L sodium chlorophenoxyacetate single agent shows that the combination of sodium chlorophenoxyacetate in this invention achieves a better fruit-preserving effect with a smaller amount of sodium chlorophenoxyacetate.

[0073] Table 6 shows that the combination of sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furosylaminopurine in this invention has a better yield-increasing effect compared to single agents. Specifically, at a mass ratio of (0.5–10):1, it has an additive or synergistic effect on sweet cherry yield; furthermore, at a mass ratio of (0.625–5):1, it has a synergistic effect on sweet cherry yield. Combining Tables 5 and 6, in terms of fruit set rate, first-grade fruit rate, and yield increase rate, when used alone, sodium chlorophenoxyacetate at 10 mg / L is more effective than 5 mg / L, and furosylaminopurine at 8–10 mg / L is more effective when used alone. After combination, sodium chlorophenoxyacetate at 5 mg / L and furosylaminopurine at 2–4 mg / L significantly improve fruit set rate, first-grade fruit rate, and yield increase rate compared to single agents. Therefore, this invention, after combination, achieves better fruit retention and yield increase effects and improves quality with less sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furosylaminopurine.

[0074] The above demonstrates that the use of the combination of sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine in this invention can promote fruit preservation in sweet cherries, increase yield per acre, and ensure fruit quality while reducing the dosage of sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine.

[0075] Example 6: Experimental effect of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine on large-leaved wax apple.

[0076] Test period: November 17, 2023 to December 8, 2023

[0077] Test location: Dalu Town, Hainan Province

[0078] Experimental subject: Large-leaved wax apple. Management level: Flower buds are in the white belly stage. There are no obvious pests or diseases in the garden. There are a few weeds in the garden. All experimental plants have a few purplish-red new leaves emerging. Fertilizer and water management conditions are good. The soil is sandy loam.

[0079] Experimental reagents and treatment period: Wax apple trees of similar age, shape, and vigor were selected, and one tree was treated with each treatment concentration. The treatment concentrations of sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine, both as single agents and in combination, are shown in Table 6. The control agent was a 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution. The fruit clusters were soaked in the solution when the plants were in the white belly stage, with approximately 7.5 kg of solution used per tree.

[0080] Experimental basis: Refer to GB / T 17980.145-2004 Field Efficacy Test Guidelines for Pesticides (II) Part 145 Test on Plant Growth Regulators for Promoting Flowering and Fruit Setting in Fruit Trees, and NY / T 2061.5-2016 Indoor Bioassay Test Guidelines for Pesticides Part 5: Determination of Combined Effects of Mixtures.

[0081] Experimental observation: Safety: No leaf curling, deformity, or yellowing was observed; no flower bud deformities or flower drop were observed. Data statistical analysis: Five branches were randomly selected from each tree in each treatment group. The flower retention rate, fruit retention rate, and first-grade fruit rate of each branch for each treatment were statistically analyzed, and the average values ​​were calculated. The yield per tree for each treatment concentration was measured, and the yield per acre and yield increase rate were calculated (plant spacing 4m × 5m, 33 plants per acre).

[0082] The DPS 6.55 (Duncan) statistical software was used for analysis. Based on the experimental data, the flower retention rate (C1), fruit retention rate (C2), yield increase rate, and first-grade fruit rate were calculated.

[0083] Flower retention rate, % = (Number of wax apple flowers counted in the second statistical analysis / Number of wax apple flowers counted in the first statistical analysis) × 100%;

[0084] Fruit set rate, % = number of fruits / number of wax apple flowers counted in the first statistical analysis × 100%;

[0085] The first count of wax apple flowers: the number of flowers on the marked branches is counted on the day of application; the second count of flowers: the number of flowers on the marked branches is counted 5 days after application.

[0086] Yield increase rate, % = (yield per mu of treatment group - yield per mu of control group) / yield of control group × 100%;

[0087] Grade 1 fruit rate (%) = Number of Grade 1 fruits / Total number of fruits × 100% (Grade 1 fruit, single fruit weight ≥ 100g; Grade 2 fruit, single fruit weight 80-100g; small fruit, ≤ 60g).

[0088] Table 7 shows the trials of each single agent or combination applied to the preservation of flowers and fruits in wax apples.

[0089]

[0090] As can be seen from Table 7, the composition prepared by sodium chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine of the present invention has a synergistic effect on the flower and fruit preservation of wax apple at a mass ratio of (0.625-2.5):1, which can improve the flower and fruit preservation rate, increase the yield per acre, and improve the quality of the fruit.

[0091] Example 7: Drug Safety Evaluation

[0092] Experimental objective: To verify the safety of flower and fruit preservation in various crops.

[0093] Test period: January 2024 to June 2024

[0094] Experimental subjects and locations: Lychee—Baomiyuan, Huangzhu Town, Ding'an County, Hainan Province; Lemon—Baizi Town, Tongnan District, Chongqing; Ginseng fruit—Shangxinmin Village, Wujiepu Town, Luxi County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Experimental treatment: Lychee—March 14, 2024. Application method: Foliar spraying, before and after the fruit division of the plant during its growth stage. Dosage: 7.5 kg / plant.

[0095] Lemon (Eureka) - April 19, 2024; Application method: Foliar spray on the whole plant; Plant growth stage: 80% of flowers have withered, dosage 2-3L / plant.

[0096] Ginseng Fruit – June 21, 2024. Application method: Foliar spray, dosage: 15 kg / mu. Safety assessment:

[0097] The leaves with a "+" sign may have slight curling, deformity, yellowing, spots, or any other signs that can recover on their own without affecting fruit setting and fruit growth.

[0098] "++" indicates that the leaves have any of the following characteristics: curling, deformity, yellowing, spots, etc., and cannot resume growth, but it does not affect fruit setting and fruit growth.

[0099] "++" indicates any of the following: leaves are curled, deformed, yellowed, or spotted; fruits are deformed; or fruits may be seedless, fall off, or not fully developed.

[0100] Table 8. Safety evaluation of each single agent or combination used in fruit and flower preservation tests.

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] As can be seen from Table 8, the pesticide formulations prepared by the composition of the present invention did not cause phytotoxicity when applied to various crops, indicating that the composition of the present invention has wide adaptability and high safety.

[0104] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be considered as limitations on the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pesticide composition for preserving flowers and fruits, characterized in that, The active ingredients of the pesticide composition are sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate and furfuryl aminopurine, and the mass ratio of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate to furfuryl aminopurine is (0.625-2.5):

1.

2. A pesticide formulation for protecting flowers and fruits, characterized in that, The pesticide formulation comprises the pesticide composition of claim 1 and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

3. The pesticide formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The excipients include any one or more of the following: solvents, wetting agents, dispersants, antifreeze agents, thickeners, disintegrants, fillers, and nutrients.

4. The pesticide formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formulation of the pesticide includes any one of the following: soluble concentrate, suspension concentrate, soluble powder, and water-dispersible granules.

5. The application of the pesticide composition according to claim 1 in promoting crop flowering and fruit retention.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The application concentration of sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate in the pesticide composition is (5-10) mg / L, and the application concentration of furfuryl aminopurine is (0.5-10) mg / L.

7. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crop is selected from any one of the following: sweet cherry, wax apple, lychee, lemon, and ginseng fruit.

8. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crop is sweet cherry, and the pesticide composition is applied to sweet cherry at the end of the full bloom stage for the first application and at the first fruit expansion stage for the second application.

9. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crop is wax apple, and the pesticide composition is applied to wax apple during the white belly stage of the wax apple.

Images