FGH99 powder high-temperature alloy inertia friction welding process method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of inertial friction welding, in particular to an FGH99 powder superalloy inertial friction welding process method which mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, setting related process parameters before inertial friction welding, and carrying out inertial friction welding under secondary pressure; whether welding is qualified or not is verified by measuring the welding shortening amount of a welded workpiece and conducting coloring inspection on a welding seam, if the welding is not qualified, technological parameters need to be adjusted, welding is conducted again, and heat treatment after welding can be conducted after the welding is qualified. According to the FGH99 inertial friction welding technology, design control is conducted on the FGH99 inertial friction welding technology, the problem of friction interface metal fluidity in the FGH99 material welding joint forming process is solved, and therefore the defect that an FGH99 material inertial friction welding joint is not welded is overcome, the FGH99 inertial friction welding seam quality is improved, and engineering application of the FGH99 inertial friction welding technology is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention and the technical field of inertia friction welding specifically relate to an inertia friction welding process method for FGH99 powder high temperature alloy. Background Art

[0002] Powder high-temperature alloys have outstanding advantages such as high operating temperature, high strength, high organizational stability, and low fatigue crack growth rate. They are key materials for high-performance aircraft engines and are mainly used to manufacture high-temperature load-bearing rotating parts at the hot end of engines, such as turbine disks, compressor disks, drum shafts, and turbine disk high-pressure baffles. Currently, advanced aircraft engines generally use powder disks, rings, and shaft parts such as INl00, LC Astroloy, MERL76, APl, U720, EP741NP, N18, and RRl000.

[0003] FGH99 material is my country's third-generation powder high-temperature alloy material with a high operating temperature. It is the preferred alternative material for high-pressure compressor components of advanced aircraft engines. Aircraft engine rotors made of FGH99 have higher reliability. However, the design of aircraft engine rotors requires a compact structure and light weight. The previous bolted connection can no longer meet the design requirements, and a welded structure is required.

[0004] At present, inertia friction welding is the only feasible welding process for welding powder high-temperature alloy rotor assemblies, and has been maturely applied in foreign commercial aircraft engines. However, due to the poor weldability of FGH99 material and the narrow welding process window, the conventional inertia friction welding process has poor weld quality and is prone to unwelded defects. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the conventional inertia friction welding process to improve the quality of the inertia friction welding welds of FGH99 materials. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a FGH99 powder high temperature alloy inertia friction welding process method to improve the weld quality when performing inertia friction welding on parts prepared from FGH99 powder high temperature alloy.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an FGH99 powder high temperature alloy inertia friction welding process method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Set the relevant process parameters before inertia friction welding, including: welding total upsetting force , Initial welding speed , moment of inertia , Welding target shortening ;

[0008] Including: Total welding upsetting force Satisfy the following formula:

[0009] (1);

[0010] In formula (1): The welding upset force per unit area (MPa) required for inertia friction welding of FGH99 material is obtained through experiments and combined with the characteristics of FGH99 material;

[0011] is the total welding area (m 2 );

[0012] Moment of Inertia Select according to the equipment parameters provided by the inertia friction welding machine used;

[0013] Moment of Inertia Initial welding speed , satisfying the following formula:

[0014] (2);

[0015] In formula (2): is the total energy required for inertia friction welding (J), which is obtained by the following formula:

[0016] (3);

[0017] In formula (3): The energy per unit area required for inertia friction welding of FGH99 material (J / mm 2 ), which is obtained through experiments and combined with the characteristics of FGH99 material;

[0018] Welding target shortening Comprehensively set according to the characteristics of FGH99 material;

[0019] Step 2: Perform inertia friction welding with secondary pressure, specifically:

[0020] First, use the initial welding speed set in step 1 , moment of inertia The total welding upsetting force As the first-level welding pressure, inertia friction welding is performed at the first-level pressure. When the welding speed is reduced to the initial welding speed When the welding force is 40%-50%, the total welding force 110%-130% of the secondary welding pressure is used as the secondary welding pressure, and inertia friction welding is performed at the secondary pressure until the welding is completed, and then the pressure is maintained for 1 minute;

[0021] Step 3: Measure the welding shortening of the workpiece after welding Is the welding target shortened? Within the tolerance range, if the welding shortening Target shortening in welding If the welding shortening exceeds the target shortening, the welding shortening is qualified. If the welding process parameters are out of tolerance, the welding is unqualified and needs to be adjusted and re-welded.

[0022] Step 4: Remove the internal and external flashes and perform color inspection on the weld to check whether there are crack defects in the weld. If there are defects, the welding is unqualified and the process parameters need to be adjusted and re-welded;

[0023] Step 5: Heat treatment after welding.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] By designing and controlling the FGH99 inertia friction welding process, the problem of metal fluidity at the friction interface during the forming process of the FGH99 material welding joint is improved, thereby eliminating the unwelded defects of the FGH99 material inertia friction welding joint, improving the quality of the FGH99 inertia friction welding weld, and realizing the engineering application of the FGH99 inertia friction welding technology.

[0026] After process improvement, the inertia friction welding welds of FGH99 material are defect-free and the quality and performance meet the design requirements, providing technical support for the engineering application of FGH99 material high-pressure compressor welding components of advanced aero-engines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of an FGH99 powder high temperature alloy inertia friction welding process of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 The present invention is a front view of the structure of the workpiece to be welded by inertia friction welding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a FGH99 powder high temperature alloy inertia friction welding process method, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Set the relevant process parameters before inertia friction welding, including: welding total upsetting force (N), initial welding speed (r / min), moment of inertia (Kg·mm 2 ), welding target shortening (mm);

[0032] For the inertia friction welding process, the total welding upsetting force The size of determines whether the welding energy can be converted into welding shortening and whether the flash is formed smoothly;

[0033] Initial welding speed and moment of inertia Together they form mechanical energy, which is the source of welding energy. The initial welding speed and moment of inertia The matching relationship between them determines the deformation capacity of the welding interface material, which is the basis for the formation of flash and the qualification of welds.

[0034] Welding target shortening It is a process design requirement. Too much shortening will cause large welding deformation, unqualified dimensional accuracy and decreased mechanical properties of the joint. Too little shortening cannot guarantee stable joint quality. Therefore, the shortening target should be set at the welding target. The welding shortening within the tolerance range is a necessary condition for the welding to meet the design and process requirements;

[0035] Including: Total welding upsetting force Satisfy the following formula:

[0036] (1);

[0037] In formula (1): The welding upset force per unit area (MPa) required for inertia friction welding of FGH99 material is obtained through experiments and combined with the characteristics of FGH99 material such as material composition, material hardness, material thermal conductivity, weldment structure shape and other factors;

[0038] is the total welding area (m 2 );

[0039] Moment of Inertia Choose from several available inertia options provided by the inertia friction welding machine you are using;

[0040] When the linear speed of the welded parts is , the angular velocity is , the radius of the welded part is According to the dynamics formula, the kinetic energy of the rigid body's fixed-axis rotation is , satisfying the following formula:

[0041] (2);

[0042] According to formula (2), the moment of inertia can be obtained Initial welding speed , satisfying the following formula:

[0043] (3);

[0044] In formula (3): is the total energy required for inertia friction welding (J), which is obtained by the following formula:

[0045] (4);

[0046] In formula (4): The energy per unit area required for inertia friction welding of FGH99 material (J / mm 2 ), which is obtained through experiments and combined with the characteristics of FGH99 materials such as alloy composition, material hardness, material thermal conductivity, weldment structure and shape;

[0047] Welding target shortening As a comparison standard for whether the shortening amount of welding results is qualified or not, it is set comprehensively according to the characteristics of the material;

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, a workpiece to be welded made of FGH99 material is taken as an example. Figure 2 As shown, the outer diameter of the weld of the workpiece to be welded is D = 168mm, and the inner diameter of the weld is d = 152mm. The total welding area of ​​the workpiece to be welded can be obtained by the following formula for:

[0049] (5);

[0050] The welding upsetting force per unit area of ​​the workpiece to be welded and the energy input per unit area This can be obtained through experiments and combined with the characteristics of FGH99 materials such as material composition, material hardness, weldment structure and shape;

[0051] In this regard, welding researchers have summarized their experience and formed charts, which can be obtained by consulting existing technologies (such as the relationship between energy and thrust and the wall thickness of tubular parts in the appendix table of "Modern Inertia Friction Welding Technology" edited by Wang Jinghe and Ma Chengli). In addition, for some new materials such as powder high-temperature alloys, they can also be multiplied by appropriate coefficients based on experience.

[0052] Through the above method, in this embodiment, the energy input per unit area required for inertia friction welding of the workpiece to be welded is: , welding upsetting force per unit area ;

[0053] According to formula (1), the total upsetting force required for inertia friction welding of the workpiece to be welded can be obtained: ;

[0054] According to formula (4), the total energy required for inertia friction welding of the workpiece to be welded can be obtained: ;

[0055] In this embodiment, the inertia friction welding machine model HWI-377 is used, and its rotational inertia , the initial welding speed can be obtained by formula (3) ;

[0056] Set the welding target shortening ;

[0057] Step 2: Perform inertia friction welding with secondary pressure, specifically:

[0058] First, use the initial welding speed set in step 1 , moment of inertia The total welding upsetting force As the first-level welding pressure, inertia friction welding is performed at the first-level pressure. When the welding speed is reduced to the initial welding speed When the welding force is 40%-50%, the total welding force Use 110%-130% of the secondary welding pressure as the secondary welding pressure, perform inertia friction welding with the secondary pressure until the welding is completed, and then maintain the pressure for 1 minute.

[0059] In this embodiment, the welding pressure per unit area of ​​the workpiece under the first-level welding pressure is 300 MPa, and the initial welding speed is 105 r / min. When the speed drops to 50 r / min, inertia friction welding with the second-level pressure is performed. The welding pressure per unit area of ​​the workpiece under the second-level welding pressure rises to 360 MPa until the welding is completed. The pressure per unit area is maintained at 360 MPa for 1 minute, and then the welded part is unloaded.

[0060] Step 3: Measure the welding shortening of the workpiece after welding Is the shortening amount within the welding target? within the tolerance range;

[0061] Specifically, the welding shortening of the welded parts is measured. If the welding shortening Target shortening in welding If the welding shortening is within the tolerance range, the welding shortening is qualified;

[0062] If the welding target shortening is exceeded If the welding process is out of tolerance, the welding is unqualified, and the welding process parameters should be adjusted and re-welded;

[0063] In this embodiment, the welding shortening of the workpiece after welding is measured. , located at the welding target shortening The tolerance range is within the range of 10000 and meets the requirements;

[0064] Step 4: Remove the internal and external flashes to ensure that the weld surface is smooth and flat, and perform a color inspection on the weld to check whether there are cracks or defects. If there are defects, the welding is unqualified and the process parameters need to be adjusted and re-welded;

[0065] Step 5: Heat treatment after welding;

[0066] The heat treatment temperature is 800°C and kept for 3 hours, then cooled to 300°C in the furnace, and finally cooled naturally in the air.

[0067] The above steps complete the process of inertia friction welding of FGH99 powder high temperature alloy.

[0068] In addition, in this embodiment, the mechanical properties of the welds welded using the above-mentioned inertia friction welding process are tested, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that in the room temperature tensile and high temperature tensile tests, the mechanical strength of the welded joint is equivalent to that of the base material, and its high temperature endurance performance meets the process requirements.

[0069] Table 1 Mechanical properties data of FGH99 workpiece inertia friction welding joint;

[0070] Table 2 High temperature durability data table of FGH99 workpiece inertia friction welding joint;

[0071] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A FGH99 powder high temperature alloy inertia friction welding process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Set the relevant process parameters before inertia friction welding, including: welding total upsetting force (N), initial welding speed (r / min), moment of inertia (Kg·mm 2 ), welding target shortening (mm); Step 2: Perform inertia friction welding with secondary pressure, specifically: First, use the initial welding speed set in step 1 , moment of inertia The total welding upsetting force As the first-level welding pressure, inertia friction welding is performed at the first-level pressure. When the welding speed is reduced to the initial welding speed When the welding force is 40%-50%, the total welding force 110%-130% of the secondary welding pressure is used as the secondary welding pressure, and inertia friction welding is performed at the secondary pressure until the welding is completed, and then the pressure is maintained for 1 minute; Step 3: Measure the welding shortening of the workpiece after welding Is the welding target shortened? Within the tolerance range, if the welding shortening Target shortening in welding Within the tolerance range, the welding shortening Pass; if the welding shortening exceeds the target If the welding process parameters are out of tolerance, the welding is unqualified and needs to be adjusted and re-welded. Step 4: Remove the internal and external flashes and perform color inspection on the weld to check whether there are crack defects in the weld. If there are defects, the welding is unqualified and the process parameters need to be adjusted and re-welded; Step 5: Heat treatment after welding.

2. The FGH99 powder high temperature alloy inertia friction welding process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 1: total welding upsetting force Satisfy the following formula: （1） In formula (1): The welding upset force per unit area (MPa) required for inertia friction welding of FGH99 material is obtained through experiments and combined with the characteristics of FGH99 material; is the total welding area (m 2 ); Moment of Inertia Select according to the equipment parameters provided by the inertia friction welding machine used; Moment of Inertia Initial welding speed , satisfying the following formula: （2） In formula (2): is the total energy required for inertia friction welding (J), which is obtained by the following formula: （3） In formula (3): The energy per unit area required for inertia friction welding of FGH99 material (J / mm 2 ), which is obtained through experiments and combined with the characteristics of FGH99 material; Welding target shortening Comprehensively set according to the characteristics of FGH99 material.

3. The FGH99 powder high temperature alloy inertia friction welding process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 5, the heat treatment temperature is 800° C. and is kept for 3 hours, then cooled to 300° C. in the furnace, and finally cooled naturally in the air.

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