Preparation method of crop planting bag

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and discloses a crop planting bag preparation method, which comprises: S1, collecting crop straw, and crushing into powder to obtain crop straw powder; s2, a non-neutral solution is added into the crop straw powder prepared in the step S1, solid-liquid separation is performed after heat preservation treatment, solid residues A are collected, clear water is added into the solid residues A for washing for 2-3 times, solid-liquid separation is performed after pH is adjusted, solid substances are aired after liquid is discarded, and solid residues B are obtained; and S3, taking the solid residue B obtained in the step S2, adding a substrate, uniformly mixing, and transferring into a planting bag, so as to obtain the planting bag for crop planting. The crop straws are pretreated by acid or alkali, so that the potential risk of vertical propagation of diseases and insect pests can be avoided, waxiness with relatively good hydrophobicity in the straws can be removed, the water-retaining property of the substrate is improved, and the water consumption and the water application cost are remarkably reduced; the risk of soil-borne diseases and insect pests can be effectively avoided, and the problem of low continuous cropping efficiency of crops is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a method for preparing a crop planting bag for resource utilization of agricultural waste. Background Art

[0002] At present, the amount of crop straw that can be collected each year is about 700 million tons, of which about 60% is directly returned to the field. Due to the slow natural degradation of straw, as the number of times it is returned to the field increases, the soil will become loose, the crop seedlings will not be able to take root, resulting in weak seedlings and dead seedlings. At the same time, the pathogens and insect eggs that may be carried by the straw will be vertically transmitted to new crops, causing reduced production or even total crop failure. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to expand the resource utilization of crop straw.

[0003] The existing technology of directly preparing crop straw into crop planting bags can make crop planting unrestricted by space, realize efficient use of land resources, and facilitate intensive management, but it is difficult to overcome the risk of vertical transmission of pests and diseases.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention prepares a planting bag that can kill potential pathogens and eggs carried by straw and avoid the vertical transmission of pests and diseases. The planting bag uses agricultural waste (crop straw) as a substrate for the planting bag after acid or alkali pretreatment, which can make the obtained straw mechanism have better water retention and greatly reduce the cost of water application. In addition, the planting bag is an independent individual separated from the soil, which is easy to artificially control the physical and chemical conditions of crop growth, and avoids the soil-borne pests and diseases and weeds of traditional planting, saving planting management costs, and is very suitable for the cultivation of organic crops, and has good application prospects. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to avoid the risks of weak seedlings, dead seedlings and the spread of pests and diseases caused by directly returning crop straw to the field, the present invention realizes efficient resource utilization of crop straw and provides a method for preparing a crop planting bag. The straw is pretreated with acid or alkali to eliminate potential risks of the spread of pests and diseases, and a crop planting bag with good water retention and easily controllable culture conditions is obtained.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for preparing a crop planting bag comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Collect crop straws, crush them into powder, and obtain crop straw powder;

[0009] S2, adding a non-neutral solution to the crop straw powder prepared in step S1, separating the solid and the liquid after heat preservation treatment, collecting solid residue A, adding clean water to the solid residue A for washing 2 to 3 times, adjusting the pH value and separating the solid and the liquid, discarding the liquid and drying the solid to obtain solid residue B; the mass ratio of the crop straw powder to the non-neutral solution is 1g:10mL to 1g:20mL;

[0010] S3, taking the solid residue B obtained in step S2, adding the substrate, mixing evenly and transferring the mixture into a planting bag, thereby obtaining a planting bag for planting crops;

[0011] The matrix is ​​vermiculite or perlite, and the mass ratio of the solid residue B to the matrix is ​​10:1 to 30:1.

[0012] Preferably, the crops suitable for the planting bag include but are not limited to peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0013] Preferably, the crop straws described in step S1 include but are not limited to rice straws, corn straws, wheat straws, peanut straws, cotton straws, soybean straws, tobacco straws and sugarcane bagasse.

[0014] Preferably, the particle size of the crop straw powder in step S1 is less than 2 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature of the heat preservation treatment in step S2 is 50-180° C., and the time is 4 h-15 min.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of clean water added in step S2 is equivalent to 10 times the volume of the mass of the crop straw powder.

[0017] Preferably, the water content of the solid residue B in step S2 is 40% to 50% (mass fraction);

[0018] Preferably, the non-neutral solution in step S2 is a dilute acid solution, and the dilute acid solution is any one or more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.5% to 4.0%.

[0019] Preferably, the non-neutral solution in step S2 is a dilute alkali solution, and the dilute alkali solution is any one or more of potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia water with a mass fraction of 0.5% to 2.0%.

[0020] Preferably, the solution used for adjusting the pH in step S2 is a potassium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 0.5 to 2 mol / L or a phosphoric acid or acetic acid solution with a molar concentration of 0.5 to 2 mol / L.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention pre-treats crop straw with acid or alkali, which can kill pathogens and insect eggs lurking in the straw, avoid the risk of vertical transmission of pests and diseases, and remove the wax with good hydrophobicity in the straw, improve the water retention of the matrix, and significantly save water and water application costs. In addition, the prepared planting bag can effectively avoid the risk of soil-borne pests and diseases because it is separated from soil planting, and overcome the problem of low efficiency of continuous cropping. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. These examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples that do not specify specific conditions are usually based on conventional conditions in the art or conditions recommended by the manufacturer; the raw materials, reagents, etc. used, unless otherwise specified, are deemed to be raw materials and reagents that can be obtained through commercial channels such as conventional markets. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] A method for preparing a crop planting bag comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1. Collect crop straw (rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, peanut straw, cotton straw, soybean straw, tobacco straw and sugarcane bagasse), and crush them into powder with a particle size of less than 2 mm to obtain crop straw powder.

[0026] S2. Add a dilute acid solution (mass fraction of 0.5% to 4.0%) or a dilute alkali solution (mass fraction of 0.5% to 2.0%) in a volume equivalent to 10 to 20 times the mass of the crop straw powder to the crop straw powder prepared in step S1, heat-treat the mixture in a temperature range of 50 to 180° C. for 4 h to 15 min, and then separate the solid and liquid. Collect the solid residue A, add clean water in a volume equivalent to 10 times the mass of the crop straw powder to the solid residue A, and wash it 2 to 3 times. Adjust the pH to the acid-base condition suitable for crop growth (pH of about 6.0), and then separate the solid and liquid. After discarding the liquid, dry the solid to a moisture content of 40% to 50% (mass fraction) to obtain a solid residue B.

[0027] The acidic substance in the acid solution is any one or more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid, and the alkaline substance in the dilute alkali solution is any one or more of potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia water.

[0028] The solution used for adjusting the pH is specifically a potassium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 0.5 to 2 mol / L or a phosphoric acid or acetic acid solution with a molar concentration of 0.5 to 2 mol / L.

[0029] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add a substrate (vermiculite or perlite) equivalent to 1 / 10 to 1 / 30 of the mass of the solid residue B, mix well and transfer into a planting bag to obtain a planting bag for planting crops (peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger).

[0030] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for preparing a crop planting bag comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1. Collect rice straw and crush it into particles less than 2 mm.

[0034] S2. Add 0.5% dilute sulfuric acid solution to the rice straw in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10, heat to 180°C and keep warm for 30 min, obtain solid residue A after solid-liquid separation, add clean water in an amount equivalent to the mass of the rice straw in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10, wash three times, adjust the pH to 6.0 with 0.5 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, separate the solid and liquid, discard the liquid, and air-dry the solid until the moisture content is 40%, to obtain solid residue B.

[0035] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add vermiculite in an amount equivalent to the mass ratio of 10:1 of the solid residue B, mix well and transfer into a planting bag, which can be used for planting peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] S1. Collect corn stalks and crush them into particles less than 2 mm.

[0038] S2. Add 2% dilute phosphoric acid to corn stalks at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:15, heat to 160°C for 15 min, and obtain solid residue A after solid-liquid separation. Add clean water in an amount equivalent to the mass of the corn stalks at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10, wash twice, adjust the pH to 6.0 with 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, separate the solid and liquid, discard the liquid, and air-dry the solid until the moisture content is 45% to obtain solid residue B.

[0039] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add vermiculite in an amount equivalent to the mass ratio of the solid residue B at 20:1, mix well and transfer into a planting bag, which can be used for planting peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] S1. Collect wheat straw and crush it into particles less than 2 mm.

[0042] S2. Add 4% dilute acetic acid to wheat straw at a mass volume ratio of 1:20, heat to 170°C for 20 min, and obtain solid residue A after solid-liquid separation. Add clean water in an amount equivalent to a mass volume ratio of 1:10 to the wheat straw to wash twice, adjust the pH to 6.0 with 2 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, separate the solid and liquid, discard the liquid, and air-dry the solid until the moisture content is 50%.

[0043] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add vermiculite in an amount equivalent to the mass ratio of 30:1 of the solid residue B, mix well and transfer into a planting bag, which can be used for planting peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] S1. Collect peanut straw and crush it into particles less than 2 mm.

[0046] S2. Add 0.5% potassium hydroxide solution in an amount of 1:10 (mass to volume ratio), treat at 120°C for 2h, and obtain solid residue A after solid-liquid separation. Add clean water in an amount of 1:10 (mass to volume ratio) and wash twice. Adjust the pH to 6.0 with 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution and separate the solid and liquid. After discarding the liquid, the solid is air-dried to a moisture content of 40%, and a solid residue B is obtained.

[0047] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add perlite in an amount equivalent to the mass ratio of 10:1 of the solid residue B, mix well and transfer into a planting bag, which can be used for planting peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] S1. Collect cotton straw and crush it into particles less than 2 mm.

[0050] S2. Add 1% ammonia solution to cotton straw in a mass volume ratio of 1:15, heat to 80°C and keep warm for 3 hours, obtain solid-liquid separation, add clean water in a mass volume ratio of 1:10 (mass volume ratio) and wash twice, adjust the pH to 6.0 with 1 mol / L phosphoric acid solution, separate the solid and liquid, discard the liquid, and air-dry the solid until the moisture content is 45% to obtain solid residue B.

[0051] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add perlite in an amount equivalent to the mass ratio of 20:1 of the solid residue B, mix well and transfer into a planting bag, which can be used for planting peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0052] Example 6

[0053] S1. Collect soybean straw and crush it into particles less than 2 mm.

[0054] S2. Add 2% calcium hydroxide solution to soybean straw in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:20, heat to 50°C and keep warm for 4 hours, obtain solid-liquid separation, and wash twice with clean water in an amount equivalent to the mass of soybean straw in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10. Adjust the pH to 6.0 with 2 mol / L acetic acid solution, separate the solid and liquid, discard the liquid, and air-dry the solid until the moisture content is 50%, to obtain solid residue B.

[0055] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add perlite in an amount equivalent to the mass ratio of 30:1 of the solid residue B, mix well and transfer into a planting bag, which can be used for planting peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0056] Example 7

[0057] S1. Collect tobacco straw and crush it into particles less than 2 mm.

[0058] S2. Add 2% dilute phosphoric acid solution to tobacco straw in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:20, heat to 180°C and keep warm for 20 min, obtain solid residue A after solid-liquid separation, add clean water in an amount equivalent to the mass of tobacco straw in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10, wash twice, adjust to pH 6.0 with 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, separate solid and liquid, discard the liquid and air the solid to a moisture content of 45%, and obtain solid residue B.

[0059] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add perlite in an amount equivalent to the mass ratio of 20:1 of the solid residue B, mix well and transfer into a planting bag, which can be used for planting peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0060] Example 8

[0061] S1. Collect bagasse and crush it to a particle size less than 2 mm.

[0062] S2. Add 2% potassium hydroxide solution to bagasse in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10, heat to 70°C and keep warm for 1 h, obtain solid residue A after solid-liquid separation, add clean water in an amount equivalent to the mass of bagasse in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10, wash twice, adjust the pH to 6.0 with 2 mol / L phosphoric acid solution, separate the solid and liquid, discard the liquid, and air-dry the solid until the moisture content is 50%, to obtain solid residue B.

[0063] S3. Take the solid residue B obtained in step S2, add vermiculite in an amount equivalent to the mass ratio of 20:1 of the solid residue B, mix well and transfer into a planting bag, which can be used for planting peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

[0064] The above-described embodiments only express the preferred implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a crop planting bag, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Collect crop straws, crush them into powder, and obtain crop straw powder; S2, adding a non-neutral solution to the crop straw powder prepared in step S1, separating the solid and the liquid after heat preservation treatment, collecting the solid residue A, adding clean water to the solid residue A for washing 2 to 3 times, adjusting the pH to the acid-base condition suitable for the growth of crops, separating the solid and the liquid, discarding the liquid, and drying the solid to obtain the solid residue B; the mass ratio of the crop straw powder to the non-neutral solution is 1g:10mL to 1g:20mL; S3, taking the solid residue B obtained in step S2, adding the substrate, mixing evenly and transferring the mixture into a planting bag, thereby obtaining a planting bag for planting crops; The matrix is ​​vermiculite or perlite, and the mass ratio of the solid residue B to the matrix is ​​10:1 to 30:

1.

2. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crops suitable for the planting bag include but are not limited to peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes and ginger.

3. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crop straws described in step S1 include, but are not limited to, rice straws, corn straws, wheat straws, peanut straws, cotton straws, soybean straws, tobacco straws and sugarcane bagasse.

4. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the particle size of the crop straw powder is less than 2 mm.

5. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the heat preservation treatment in step S2 is 50-180° C. and the time is 4 hours to 15 minutes.

6. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of clean water added in step S2 is equivalent to 10 times the volume of the mass of the crop straw powder.

7. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the solid residue B in step S2 is 40% to 50%.

8. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-neutral solution described in step S2 is a dilute acid solution, and the dilute acid solution is any one or more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid with a mass fraction of 0.5% to 4.0%.

9. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-neutral solution described in step S2 is a dilute alkaline solution, and the dilute alkaline solution is any one or more of potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia water with a mass fraction of 0.5% to 2.0%.

10. The method for preparing a crop planting bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solution used for adjusting the pH in step S2 is specifically a potassium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 0.5 to 2 mol / L or a phosphoric acid or acetic acid solution with a molar concentration of 0.5 to 2 mol / L.