Facility greenhouse circulating water planting leek cultivation and efficient cultivation technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of facility agriculture, in particular to a green cultivation method for greenhouse water culture of Chinese chives. Through integration of intelligent greenhouse facilities, staged nutrient solution regulation and control, physical-biological-chemical synergistic disease and insect pest prevention and control and an annual production management technology, the problems of continuous cropping obstacles, high pesticide residues, winter dormancy and the like existing in traditional soil culture of Chinese chives are solved. According to the method, annual production of Chinese chives is achieved, the harvesting period of each crop is shortened to 20-30 days, compared with traditional soil culture, the annual yield is increased by 40% or above, the pesticide use amount is reduced by 95%, the pesticide residue percent of pass is 100%, and the product is free of heavy metal pollution, meets the green food standard and is suitable for green transformation and popularization of facility agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of facility agriculture technology, and specifically relates to a method for year-round green cultivation of leeks in greenhouses using intelligent environmental control, precise nutrient solution management, and green pest and disease control. Background Art

[0002] Traditional soil cultivation of leek has the following problems: (1) Continuous cropping leads to the accumulation of soil pathogens and frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests (such as leek maggots and gray mold); (2) Large amounts of pesticides are used, and the risk of excessive pesticide residues in products is high; (3) The winter dormancy period is long, making year-round production impossible; (4) Heavy metal pollution in the soil affects product quality; (5) The utilization rate of water resources and fertilizers is low, which can easily cause non-point source pollution.

[0003] Hydroponics, a form of soilless cultivation, can avoid soil contamination. However, traditional hydroponics suffers from drawbacks such as insufficient oxygen supply to the roots, a single nutrient solution formula, and reliance on chemical agents for pest and disease control, making it difficult to achieve green and efficient production. Therefore, a hydroponic chive cultivation method that integrates intelligent management and green pest control is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problems to be solved

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a green cultivation method for hydroponic leek in a greenhouse. Through intelligent facilities, phased nutrient solution regulation and physical-biological-chemical coordinated prevention and control, the method solves the problems of continuous cropping, high pesticide residues, and winter dormancy in traditional soil cultivation, thereby achieving year-round, green, and efficient production.

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention includes the following key steps:

[0008] Facility construction: The intelligent greenhouse system introduced from Israel is used, equipped with sunshade nets, fan wet curtains (for temperature and humidity adjustment), integrated water and fertilizer equipment (precise liquid supply) and environmental monitoring sensors (real-time collection of temperature, humidity, light, EC value, pH value and other data). The greenhouse construction complies with the "NY / T 3024 Solar Greenhouse Construction Standard".

[0009] Seed selection and seed treatment:

[0010] Seed selection: Choose the Japanese "Top Green" variety, which has strong cold resistance, no dormancy in winter, and good regeneration ability. The seed quality meets the "GB 16715.5 Vegetable Crop Seed Standard".

[0011] Seed treatment: Remove shriveled and damaged seeds before sowing and dry them in the sun for 1-2 days; soak the seeds in 50-55℃ warm water for 15-20 minutes (sterilization), and then soak them at room temperature for 24 hours (water absorption and germination).

[0012] Seed germination and sowing:

[0013] Germination: Wrap the soaked seeds with wet gauze and place them in an environment of 15-20℃ for germination. Rinse with clean water 1-2 times a day and sow them after 50-60% of the seeds turn white.

[0014] Sowing: Use sterilized seedling medium to fill the hole tray (each hole is 0.5 cm deep), cover with a thin layer of matrix after sowing, keep the matrix moist, and place the seedlings in an environment of 20-25℃ and 80% humidity.

[0015] Planting management:

[0016] Preparation before planting: Soak the foam tray (1m×60cm×4cm, 45 holes) in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection; rinse and disinfect the cultivation pool (6m×30m×0.4m) with hydrogen peroxide, add water to a depth of 0.34m, turn on the aerator (dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L), adjust the pH of the nutrient solution to 5.8-6.5 (citric acid / KOH), and the initial EC value is 0.5 (adjusted with calcium-magnesium balanced fertilizer).

[0017] Planting: When the seedlings are 10-15cm tall and have 3-4 true leaves, plant 10-15 plants in each hole. After the roots have naturally expanded, place the foam tray into the cultivation pool.

[0018] Nutrient solution and environmental regulation:

[0019] Nutrient solution management: Maintain an EC value of 1.0-1.5 during the seedling stage, gradually increasing to 2.0-2.5 during the growth phase. If the EC value is insufficient, supplement with a water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer (18-18-18) and chelated iron every seven days. Adjust the pH value with citric acid or potassium hydroxide if it deviates from 5.8-6.5. Reduce fertilizer dosage if nitrate concentration is >200 mg / L. Maintain a nutrient solution recycling rate of ≥95%, a nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of ≥65%, and residual nitrates of ≤200 mg / L.

[0020] Environmental control: Real-time monitoring by sensors controls the daytime temperature at 20-25°C, nighttime at 15-18°C, and relative humidity at 70-80%. In winter, heating equipment is used to maintain the temperature to avoid dormancy.

[0021] Green pest control:

[0022] Agricultural prevention and control: remove diseased and damaged parts promptly, maintain ventilation and light transmission; control the humidity of the nutrient solution to avoid water accumulation.

[0023] Physical control: Hang yellow sticky insect boards (25-30 pieces / 667m²) to kill aphids and whiteflies; cover with 20-40 mesh insect-proof nets to block the insect source; use blue sticky insect boards (20-25 pieces / 667m²) to kill thrips.

[0024] Biological control: Release natural enemies such as seven-spotted ladybugs and entomophilous wasps; spray biological agents such as Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, and Jinggangmycin A.

[0025] Chemical control (emergency only): Choose low-toxic agents (such as procymidone, pyraclostrobin, and imidacloprid), strictly observe the safe interval period (≥7 days), use no more than twice at a time, and rotate agents to avoid drug resistance.

[0026] Harvesting and packaging:

[0027] Harvesting standard: Harvest when the plant height is 30-40cm, 40-60 days after the first planting, and harvest every 30 days thereafter. After 2 years of continuous harvesting, re-seedlings are raised and transplanted.

[0028] Packaging and transportation: Grading after harvesting, sealed packaging at a low temperature of 0-3℃ (to inhibit respiration), clean and odorless transportation equipment, avoid exposure to sunlight, high temperature or freezing.

[0029] Technical Highlights

[0030] (1) Yield increase: 8-10 crops can be harvested annually, with a yield of 4200 kg per 667 m², a 40% increase compared to traditional soil cultivation;

[0031] (2) Green and safe: Pesticide usage is reduced by 95%, the product is free of heavy metal pollution, and the pesticide residue qualification rate is 100%;

[0032] (3) Resource efficiency: 70% water saving, 95% nutrient solution recycling rate, and 65% nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (traditional soil cultivation is only 30%);

[0033] (4) Year-round production: breaking winter dormancy through environmental regulation and achieving continuous production throughout the year;

[0034] (5) Economic benefits: The annual output value per unit area is RMB 60,000, which is an increase of RMB 25,000 per year compared with soil cultivation, and it has driven surrounding farmers to find jobs nearby. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Taking the Zhongyi Agricultural Industrial Park in Neixiang County, Henan Province as a demonstration base, the method of the present invention is used to cultivate leek in greenhouse hydroponics:

[0036] Facility construction: The greenhouse is equipped with sunshade nets, fan wet curtains, integrated water and fertilizer equipment and environmental sensors, in compliance with the "NY / T3024 Solar Greenhouse Construction Standard".

[0037] Seed selection and processing: Choose the "Top Green" variety, soak the seeds in 50℃ warm water for 15 minutes, soak them at room temperature for 24 hours, and then germinate them at 18℃ until 50% of the seeds turn white.

[0038] Sowing and transplanting: Fill the hole tray with seedling medium and sow the seeds. When the seedlings are 12 cm tall, transplant them into the sterilized foam tray (10-15 plants per hole). The nutrient solution in the cultivation pool has a pH of 6.2, EC of 0.5, and dissolved oxygen of 5.5 mg / L.

[0039] Management during the growth period: EC=1.2 during the seedling stage, EC=2.3 during the growth period; daytime temperature 22℃, nighttime 16℃, humidity 75%; regularly add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer and adjust the pH value.

[0040] Pest and disease control: Use Trichoderma spray to prevent gray mold in the early stage. When the disease is serious, spray with 800 times dilution of fumarate-Al (only use twice every 7 days). Use yellow sticky insect boards to lure and kill aphids, and release seven-spotted ladybugs.

[0041] Harvesting and packaging: The first crop is harvested 50 days after planting (plant height 35cm), and then harvested every 30 days; after harvesting, the crops are sealed and packaged at 0-3℃ and transported to the market.

[0042] The test results show that the annual output of hydroponic chives in the base's greenhouse facilities is 4,500kg / 667m² (a 42% increase compared to soil cultivation), the use of pesticides is reduced by 95%, and the products have been tested to have no pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution, meeting the green food standards.

[0043] The present invention achieves efficient, safe, and year-round production of hydroponic leek by integrating intelligent management and green prevention and control technologies, providing a popularizable technical solution for the green transformation of facility agriculture.

Claims

1. A green cultivation method for greenhouse hydroponic leek, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: (1) Facility construction: Use smart greenhouses equipped with sunshade nets, fan wet curtains, integrated water and fertilizer equipment, and environmental monitoring sensors. The greenhouse construction complies with the "NY / T 3024 Solar Greenhouse Construction Standard"; (2) Seed selection and seed treatment: Select the cold-resistant Japanese "Top Green" variety that does not undergo winter dormancy. After screening, the seeds are air-dried for 1-2 days, soaked in 50-55℃ warm water for 15-20 minutes, and then soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. (3) Seed germination: Wrap the soaked seeds with wet gauze and place them in an environment of 15-20℃ for germination. Rinse with clean water 1-2 times a day and sow when 50-60% of the seeds turn white. (4) Sowing and transplanting: Use sterilized seedling medium to fill the hole tray for sowing. When the seedlings are 10-15 cm tall and have 3-4 true leaves, transplant them into a foam tray (1m×60cm×4cm, 45 holes) sterilized with potassium permanganate, with 10-15 plants per hole. (5) Nutrient solution management: Before planting, the cultivation pool should be disinfected with hydrogen peroxide, and the pH of the nutrient solution should be adjusted to 5.8-6.5, with an initial EC value of 0.5; the EC value should be dynamically adjusted during the growth period (1.0-1.5 during the seedling stage and 2.0-2.5 during the growth period), and a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer (18-18-18) and chelated iron should be regularly added; (6) Environmental control: Real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity through sensors, controlling the daytime temperature at 20-25°C, the nighttime temperature at 15-18°C, the relative humidity at 70-80%, and adjusting the light intensity according to the growth stage; (7) Pest and disease control: Use physical (insect-proof nets, sticky insect boards), biological (natural enemy release, biological agents) and chemical (low-toxic agents, safe interval period ≥ 7 days) coordinated control, focusing on the prevention and control of gray mold, powdery mildew, aphids, whiteflies and thrips; (8) Harvesting and packaging: Harvest when the plant height is 30-40 cm, 40-60 days after the first planting, and harvest every 30 days thereafter; after harvesting, seal and transport at 0-3℃.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: The quality of the seeds of the "Dinglv" variety in step (2) complies with the "GB 16715.5 Vegetable Crop Seed Standard".

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: In step (5), the nutrient solution recycling rate is ≥95%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is ≥65%, and the nitrate residue is ≤200 mg / L (in compliance with GB 5084 Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality Standard).

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: In the step (7), the chemical control agent is selected from procymidone, myrimethanil, pyraclostrobin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, etc., and is used no more than twice at a time, and the agent is rotated to avoid drug resistance.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: The harvesting cycle in step (8) can be continued for 2 years, and seedlings can be raised and transplanted again after 2 years.