Shaft attitude control system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to a shaft attitude control system and method. The system includes: multiple control bases distributed circumferentially around the shaft opening; multiple lifting devices and multiple pressing devices respectively disposed on the top of their respective control bases; the lifting ends of the lifting devices are connected to the bottom end of the shaft body, and the lifting ends of the lifting devices can apply an upward pulling force to the shaft body; the pressing ends of the pressing devices are vertically and flexibly disposed above the shaft body, and the pressing ends of the pressing devices can move down to abut against the top end of the shaft body and apply downward pressure to the shaft body; the multiple lifting devices and the multiple pressing devices cooperate to adjust the attitude of the shaft body when it is lowered into the formation. This invention solves the technical problems of low safety, insufficient functionality, and high construction cost of shaft control systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft construction technology, and in particular to a shaft attitude control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, deep shaft construction techniques include open excavation, traditional caisson construction, pressurized caisson construction, pneumatic caisson construction, and VSM (Venture Shaft Driving Machine). The shaft control system differs for each technique. Shaft control systems are mainly divided into two types: a lifting control system, which uses steel cables to lift the shaft for active control of sinking; and a pressing control system, which uses hydraulic cylinders to press the shaft down from above, keeping it embedded in the ground for passive sinking control.

[0003] For a pull-type control system, multiple stranded wire pull devices need to be installed circumferentially at the wellhead. By controlling the tension of each strand, the attitude of the shaft can be controlled. However, the larger the diameter and the deeper the shaft, the more stranded wire pull devices need to be installed, and a thicker foundation needs to be set at the wellhead for the stranded wire pull devices, resulting in higher costs and even some projects not meeting the construction requirements.

[0004] For a down-pressure control system, the actuating end of the down-pressure device needs to be connected to the top edge of the topmost segment of the shaft. The down-pressure control of the entire shaft is achieved by pushing the topmost segment. Therefore, when splicing the segments, the down-pressure device needs to be removed. At this time, the shaft cannot be controlled, which poses a certain safety risk.

[0005] There is currently no effective solution to the problems of low safety, insufficient functionality, and high construction cost of shaft control systems in related technologies.

[0006] Therefore, based on years of experience and practice in related industries, the inventor proposes a shaft attitude control system and method to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a shaft attitude control system and method, which can perform lifting or pressing operations on the shaft during the construction process, or simultaneously perform lifting and pressing operations, and freely switch between various modes to achieve controllable sinking of the shaft, with higher safety and controllability.

[0008] Another objective of this invention is to provide a shaft attitude control system and method that combines platform foundation with pile foundation, resulting in better support capacity, reducing the thickness of the ring beam structure and the bottom sealing structure, thereby achieving cost reduction.

[0009] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following methods:

[0010] This invention provides a shaft attitude control system for controlling the attitude of the shaft body as it descends into the formation. The shaft attitude control system includes:

[0011] Multiple control bases are used to be embedded in the formation near the shaft opening, and the multiple control bases are distributed circumferentially at intervals along the shaft opening.

[0012] Multiple lifting devices are respectively disposed on the top of the corresponding control foundation. The lifting ends of the multiple lifting devices are connected to the bottom end of the shaft body, and the lifting ends of the lifting devices can apply an upward pulling force to the shaft body.

[0013] Multiple pressing devices are respectively disposed on the top of the corresponding control foundation. The pressing ends of the multiple pressing devices are movably disposed above the shaft body, and the pressing ends of the pressing devices can move down to abut against the top of the shaft body and apply downward pressure to the shaft body.

[0014] The multiple lifting devices and multiple pressing devices work together to adjust the posture of the shaft body when it is lowered into the formation.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control foundation includes a platform foundation and a pile foundation. The platform foundation is used to be embedded in the surface of the stratum and is connected to the shaft body through an anti-buoyancy structure. The pile foundation is located below the platform foundation, with the top end of the pile foundation connected to the bottom end of the platform foundation and the bottom end of the pile foundation extending downward within the stratum.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the lifting devices corresponds to at least one of the pressing devices, and the lifting devices and the corresponding pressing devices are disposed on the top of the same platform base.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressing device includes a pressing cylinder, both the pressing cylinder and the lifting device are located on the mounting frame, the mounting frame has an upper beam and a bottom beam located below the upper beam, the pressing cylinder is disposed at the bottom of the upper beam, and the piston rod of the pressing cylinder extends downward in the vertical direction and is provided with space for assembling pipe sections, and the lifting device is disposed on the bottom beam;

[0018] The mounting frame is anchored to the top of the platform foundation so that the forces of the pressing device and the lifting device are transmitted to the platform foundation and the pile foundation.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft attitude control system further includes a plurality of beam foundations for embedding in the stratum, the plurality of beam foundations being located between two adjacent platform foundations and connected to the platform foundations, and the plurality of beam foundations and the plurality of platform foundations cooperating to form a ring beam structure.

[0020] This invention provides a shaft attitude control method, the shaft attitude control method comprising:

[0021] The platform is constructed by setting up multiple control foundations in the strata near the shaft opening, with the multiple control foundations spaced apart and evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft opening;

[0022] The device is installed such that at least one lifting device and at least one pressing device are respectively provided on top of the multiple control bases;

[0023] During shaft excavation, the lifting device and / or the pressing device are used in stages to control the attitude of the shaft body as it descends into the strata.

[0024] Shaft forming involves lowering the shaft body to a predetermined position in the stratum, sealing the bottom of the shaft body, and connecting the top of the shaft body to the control foundation.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the device installation step, the lifting end of the lifting device is connected to the bottom end of the shaft body.

[0026] And / or, the pressing end of the pressing device is movably positioned above the shaft body so that the pressing end of the pressing device can move down to abut against the top of the shaft body and apply downward pressure to the shaft body.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft excavation process is divided into a pre-excavation stage, a mid-excavation stage, and a post-excavation stage.

[0028] When the shaft is in the initial stage of construction, the shaft body sinks under its own weight, and the lifting device controls the posture of the shaft body.

[0029] When the shaft is in the middle of construction, the lifting device and the pressing device are used in combination to control the posture of the shaft body.

[0030] The lifting device is used to control the attitude of the shaft body, and the pressing device is used to provide power for the sinking of the shaft body.

[0031] When the shaft is in the later stage of excavation, the downward pressing device is used to control the attitude of the shaft body.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formation is a water-rich and soft formation. When the shaft is in the early stage of construction, the lifting device and the pressing device are used to control the posture of the shaft body, so that the bottom of the shaft body is embedded into the formation by the pressing device.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the shaft is in the middle of construction, the bottom of the shaft body is embedded into the stratum by the pressing device, and the posture of the shaft body is controlled by the lifting device.

[0034] Based on the above, the features and advantages of the vertical shaft attitude control system and method of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] Multiple control foundations are spaced circumferentially around the shaft opening within the stratum near the shaft opening. Each control foundation is equipped with at least one lifting device and at least one pressing device. During the lowering of the shaft body into the stratum, corresponding control combinations are employed according to different stages of shaft construction to adjust the shaft body's attitude. For example, in the early stages of shaft construction, the shaft can be lowered by its own weight, and only the lifting device is used to control the shaft body's attitude. In the middle stages of shaft construction, a combination of the lifting and pressing devices can be used to control the shaft body's attitude. The device is used to control the attitude of the shaft body, while the pressing device is used to provide downward power for the sinking of the shaft body. When the shaft is in the later stage of excavation, the shaft body is in a relatively stable state because it is constrained by the soil in the stratum. At this time, the shaft body is pressed down by the pressing device to control its attitude. It can be seen that for different stages, this application adopts targeted control methods to control the attitude of the shaft body in the stratum, and different control methods can be switched freely and flexibly to ensure the real-time controllability of the sinking attitude of the shaft body, truly achieving controllable sinking of the shaft, with higher safety and controllability. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings are intended only to illustrate and explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0037] in:

[0038] Figure 1 : This is a top view of the vertical shaft attitude control system of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 : This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the control foundation in the vertical shaft attitude control system of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the placement of the control foundation and the lifting device in the vertical shaft attitude control system of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is one of the schematic diagrams showing the installation positions of the control foundation and the pressing device in the vertical shaft attitude control system of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is the second schematic diagram showing the location of the control foundation and the pressing device in the vertical shaft attitude control system of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the pressing device in the vertical shaft attitude control system of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 This is the second schematic diagram of the downward pressing device in the vertical shaft attitude control system of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 The diagram shows an integrated structure of the lifting device and the pressing device in the vertical shaft attitude control system of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 9 The second schematic diagram illustrates the integrated structure of the lifting device and the pressing device in the vertical shaft attitude control system of this invention.

[0047] Figure 10 : This is a schematic diagram of the completed vertical shaft of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 11 : This is a flowchart of the shaft attitude control method of the present invention.

[0049] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of this invention are:

[0050] 1. Control Fundamentals; 101. Platform Fundamentals;

[0051] 102. Pile foundation; 2. Lifting device;

[0052] 201. Steel strand; 202. Telescopic hydraulic cylinder;

[0053] 203. Winding reel; 3. Pressing device;

[0054] 301. Base; 302. Connecting rod;

[0055] 3021. Slide; 3022. Protrusion;

[0056] 303, sliding rod; 3031, positioning hole;

[0057] 304. Downward-pressing hydraulic cylinder; 4. Ring beam structure;

[0058] 5. Shaft body; 6. Geological formation;

[0059] 7. Mud; 8. Anti-buoyancy structure;

[0060] 9. Bottom sealing structure; 10. Mounting frame;

[0061] 1001, Bottom beam; 1002, Top beam. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] Implementation Method 1

[0064] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention provides a shaft attitude control system for controlling the attitude of the shaft body 5 as it descends into the formation 6. The shaft attitude control system includes: multiple control bases 1, which are embedded in the formation 6 near the shaft opening and are evenly distributed circumferentially around the shaft opening; and multiple lifting devices 2, each positioned on top of a corresponding control base 1, with the lifting end of each device connected to the bottom end of the shaft body 5. The lifting end of the pulling device 2 can apply an upward pulling force to the shaft body 5; multiple pressing devices 3 are respectively set on the top of the corresponding control foundation 1, and the pressing ends of the multiple pressing devices 3 can be raised and lowered above the shaft body 5, and the pressing ends of the pressing devices 3 can move down to abut against the top of the shaft body 5 and apply downward pressure to the shaft body 5; during the sinking of the shaft body 5, the multiple lifting devices 2 and the multiple pressing devices 3 cooperate to adjust the attitude of the shaft body 5 when it enters the stratum 6.

[0065] In this invention, multiple control foundations 1 are spaced circumferentially around the shaft opening within the stratum 6 near the shaft opening. Each control foundation 1 is equipped with at least one lifting device 2 and at least one pressing device 3. When the shaft body 5 is lowered into the stratum 6, corresponding control combinations are used according to different shaft construction stages to adjust the attitude of the shaft body 5. For example, in the early stage of shaft construction, the shaft can be lowered by its own weight, and only the lifting device 2 is used to control the attitude of the shaft body 5 in this stage. In the middle stage of shaft construction, the attitude of the shaft body 5 can be controlled by a combination of the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3. The stage lifting device 2 is used to control the attitude of the shaft body 5, while the pressing device 3 is used to provide downward power for the sinking of the shaft body 5. When the shaft is in the later stage of excavation, the shaft body 5 is in a relatively stable state because it is constrained by the soil in the stratum 6. At this time, the shaft body 5 is pressed down by the pressing device 3 to control its attitude. It can be seen that for different stages, this application adopts a targeted control method to control the attitude of the shaft body 5 in the stratum, and different control methods can be switched freely and flexibly to ensure the real-time controllability of the sinking attitude of the shaft body 5, truly achieving controllable sinking of the shaft, with higher safety and controllability.

[0066] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 5 , Figure 10 As shown, the control foundation 1 includes a platform foundation 101 and a pile foundation 102. The platform foundation 101 is embedded in the surface of the stratum 6 and is connected to the shaft body 5 via an anti-buoyancy structure 8. The pile foundation 102 is located below the platform foundation 101, with its top end connected to the bottom of the platform foundation 101. The bottom end of the pile foundation 102 extends vertically downward within the stratum 6. The anti-buoyancy structure 8 may be, but is not limited to, a ring beam connecting the platform foundation 101 and the shaft body 5.

[0067] Due to the design of the control foundation 1, the reaction forces experienced by the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3 when controlling the posture of the shaft body 5 can be transmitted to the control foundation 1, thereby enabling the control foundation 1 to bear the reaction forces experienced by the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3. The installation of the pile foundation 102 not only ensures the stability of the control foundation 1, but also strengthens and enhances the stability of the formed shaft. In addition, the pile foundation 102, in conjunction with the platform foundation 101, further enhances the load-bearing capacity of the control foundation 1 to bear the reaction forces, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3.

[0068] The pile foundation 102 in this invention further enhances the pull-out resistance of the control foundation 1. Existing shaft foundations (such as those with only platform foundation structures) only bear compressive loads and lack pull-out resistance. This necessitates a heavy ring beam structure to ensure construction safety during the operation of the pressing device 3. Furthermore, the significant water and soil pressure at the bottom of the shaft is only offset by the self-weight of the shaft structure and the bottom sealing structure, requiring a very thick bottom sealing structure. However, the pile foundation 102 in this invention, combined with the platform foundation 101, effectively improves the pull-out resistance. Only a small area of ​​the platform foundation 101 is needed to bear the upward pull-out force of the pressing device 3 and the water and soil pressure at the bottom, thus optimizing the shaft structure and achieving rapid construction and cost savings.

[0069] like Figure 10 As shown, after the shaft body 5 sinks to the preset position in the stratum 6, it is necessary to use concrete to form a bottom sealing structure 9 at the bottom of the shaft body 5 to seal the shaft body 5. In this application, the platform foundation 101 is connected to the shaft body 5 through the anti-buoyancy structure 8, so that the control foundation 1 can share part of the anti-buoyancy effect, thereby reducing the anti-buoyancy effect on the bottom sealing structure 9. In this way, the thickness of the bottom sealing structure 9 can be reduced in the actual construction process, so as to save construction costs.

[0070] Specifically, both the platform foundation 101 and the pile foundation 102 can be made of reinforced concrete, but are not limited to reinforced concrete. The platform foundation 101 is a rectangular block structure embedded in the surface of the stratum 6. Multiple pile foundations 102 can be installed side by side below each platform foundation 101. The top of the pile foundation 102 and the bottom of the platform foundation 101 can be cast in place. The number and size of the platform foundation 101, as well as the number and length of the pile foundation 102, can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual soil conditions of the stratum 6 and the preset shaft size, to ensure that it can provide stable bearing capacity for the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3 and ensure the stability of the shaft opening. The specific parameters such as the number and size of the platform foundation 101, as well as the number and length of the pile foundation 102, are not limited here.

[0071] Furthermore, the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3 can be fixedly connected to the top of the platform foundation 101 by anchors.

[0072] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3As shown, the lifting device 2 includes a steel strand 201, a winding reel 203, and a telescopic cylinder 202. The winding reel 203 is rotatably mounted on the top of the platform foundation 101. One end of the steel strand 201 is wound around the winding reel 203, and the other end of the steel strand 201 is connected to the bottom end of the shaft body 5 (i.e., the bottom end of the shaft pipe section located at the bottom of the shaft body 5). The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 202 is connected to the steel strand 201, so that the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 202 can perform telescopic actions to lift or lower the steel strand 201, thereby controlling the sinking posture of the shaft body 5. Since the specific structure of the lifting device 2 is prior art, it will not be described in detail here.

[0073] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, each lifting device 2 corresponds to at least one pressing device 3, and the lifting device 2 and the corresponding pressing device 3 are arranged on the top of the same platform foundation 101 to ensure that a stable pulling force and pressing force can be provided to the shaft body 5 during construction.

[0074] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, each lifting device 2 corresponds to two pressing devices 3. The two pressing devices 3 are located on the left and right sides of the lifting device 2, respectively. The lifting device 2 and the corresponding two pressing devices 3 are set on the top of the same platform foundation 101 to ensure that a stable pulling force and downward force can be provided to the shaft body 5. Of course, the number of lifting devices 2 and pressing devices 3 set on each platform foundation 101 and the relative positions of the lifting devices 2 and pressing devices 3 are not specifically limited here.

[0075] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, the pressing device 3 includes a pressing cylinder 304. Both the pressing cylinder 304 and the lifting device 2 are located on the mounting frame 10. The mounting frame 10 has an upper beam 1002 and a bottom beam 1001 located below the upper beam 1002. The bottom beam 1001 and the upper beam 1002 are connected by a column. The pressing cylinder 304 is located at the bottom of the upper beam 1002, and the piston rod of the pressing cylinder 304 extends downwards in a vertical direction, leaving space for assembling pipe sections. The lifting device 2 is located on the bottom beam 1002. In the actual construction process, the downward pressure cylinder 304 is located directly above the shaft body 5. By extending its piston rod downwards to abut against the top of the shaft body 5, downward pressure is applied to the shaft body 5. When shaft pipe sections need to be assembled above the shaft body 5, the piston rod of the downward pressure cylinder 304 is retracted upwards to leave sufficient space below for pipe section assembly, thus avoiding obstruction and allowing the shaft pipe sections to be smoothly assembled to the top of the shaft body 5. The installation frame 10 is anchored to the top of the platform foundation 101, and the forces from the downward pressure device 3 and the lifting device 2 are transmitted to the platform foundation 101 and the pile foundation 102. The above-described structure integrates the pressing device 3 and the lifting device 2, which not only facilitates on-site layout but also allows for better force distribution when the pressing device 3 and the lifting device 2 are connected through the same mounting frame 10. In actual operation, the downward pressure on the lifting device 2 can stabilize the bottom beam 1001 of the mounting frame 10, reducing the number of anchoring points between the bottom beam 1001 and the platform foundation 101 and pile foundation 102. This makes operation convenient and overcomes the disadvantages of the large area and heavy structure of the bottom beam 1001 caused by the upward pulling force on the pressing device 3, thus simplifying the structure.

[0076] In another alternative embodiment of the invention, such as Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the pressing device 3 includes a base 301, a connecting rod 302, a sliding rod 303, and a pressing cylinder 304. The base 301 is fixedly connected to the top of the platform foundation 101. The bottom ends of the connecting rod 302 and the sliding rod 303 are rotatably connected to the top of the base 301 via rotating shafts. The top end of the sliding rod 303 is slidably and lockably connected to the connecting rod 302. By sliding and adjusting the connection position of the sliding rod 303 on the connecting rod 302, the top end of the connecting rod 302 can rotate towards or away from the sliding rod 303. A protrusion 3022 is provided at the top end of the connecting rod 302 on the side away from the sliding rod 303. The protrusion 3022 protrudes outward from the connecting rod 302. The pressing cylinder 304 is located at the bottom of the protrusion 3022. In actual construction, if... Figure 6As shown, by adjusting the top end of the sliding rod 303 to slide downwards along the connecting rod 302, the connecting rod 302 can be pushed to rotate away from the sliding rod 303. This causes the connecting rod 302 to rotate until the downward pressure cylinder 304 is directly above the shaft body 5. The piston rod of the downward pressure cylinder 304 extends downwards to abut against the top end of the shaft body 5, thus applying downward pressure to the shaft body 5. Figure 7 As shown, when it is necessary to assemble the shaft pipe section above the shaft body 5, the top of the sliding rod 303 is adjusted to slide upward along the connecting rod 302, so that the connecting rod 302 rotates toward the side of the sliding rod 303. This causes the connecting rod 302 to drive the downward pressing cylinder 304 to rotate to the outside directly above the shaft body 5, so as to avoid collision and allow the shaft pipe section to be successfully assembled to the top of the shaft body 5.

[0077] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the connecting rod 302 is provided with a slide rail 3021 extending along its length direction. A sliding slider is provided on the slide rail 3021. The top end of the sliding rod 303 is rotatably connected to the slider. Multiple positioning holes 3031 are provided on the slider and the slide rail 3021 respectively. A pin is inserted into the positioning holes 3031 on the connected slider and the positioning holes 3031 on the slide rail 3021 to lock the relative position of the sliding rod 303 and the connecting rod 302.

[0078] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the shaft attitude control system also includes multiple beam foundations for embedding into the surface of the stratum 6. These beam foundations are located between and connected to adjacent platform foundations 101. The multiple beam foundations and platform foundations 101 work together to form a circular ring beam structure 4, improving the stability of the shaft and ensuring the safety of shaft construction. In this invention, the multiple beam foundations can serve as working platforms for other equipment during shaft construction. These other equipment can be selected and installed according to actual needs, without needing to consider the construction of the main load-bearing structure, thus achieving on-demand construction and reducing construction costs.

[0079] Implementation Method 2

[0080] like Figures 2 to 5 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the present invention provides a shaft attitude control method, which includes:

[0081] Step S1: As Figure 2 As shown, the platform is constructed by setting up multiple control foundations 1 in the stratum 6 near the shaft opening. The multiple control foundations 1 are spaced apart and evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft opening.

[0082] Step S2: Device installation, at least one lifting device 2 and at least one pressing device 3 are respectively installed on the top of multiple control bases 1;

[0083] Step S3: Shaft excavation, using lifting device 2 and / or pressing device 3 in stages to control the attitude of the shaft body 5 as it descends into the stratum 6;

[0084] Step S4: Shaft forming. After the shaft body 5 is lowered to the preset position of the stratum 6, the bottom of the shaft body 5 is sealed, and the top of the shaft body 5 is connected to the control foundation 1.

[0085] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, step S1 includes:

[0086] Step S101: Embed multiple control foundations 1 in the formation 6 near the shaft opening (the multiple control foundations 1 are spaced apart and evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft opening);

[0087] Step S102: Multiple beam foundations are embedded in the stratum 6 near the shaft opening. These beam foundations are located between and connected to adjacent platform foundations 101, forming a circular ring beam structure 4. This improves the stability of the shaft and ensures the safety of shaft construction.

[0088] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, step S2 specifically involves: connecting the lifting end of the lifting device 2 to the bottom end of the shaft body 5; and movably positioning the pressing end of the pressing device 3 above the shaft body 5 so that the pressing end of the pressing device 3 can move down to abut against the top end of the shaft body 5 and apply downward pressure to the shaft body 5. For details on how the connection between the lifting end of the lifting device 2 and the bottom end of the shaft body 5 is achieved, and how the pressing end of the pressing device 3 abuts against the top end of the shaft body 5, please refer to the section on the shaft attitude control system described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0089] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, step S3 can be further divided into the pre-shaft construction stage, the mid-shaft construction stage, and the post-shaft excavation stage.

[0090] When in the early stage of shaft construction, such as Figure 3 As shown, the shaft body 5 sinks under its own weight, and the lifting device 2 controls the attitude of the shaft body 5, i.e., the lifting mode.

[0091] When in the middle of shaft construction, such as Figure 4 As shown, the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3 are used together to control the attitude of the shaft body 5, that is, the tension-pressing combination mode; wherein, the lifting device 2 is used to control the attitude of the shaft body 5, and the pressing device 3 is used to provide power for the sinking of the shaft body 5, that is, the pressing mode.

[0092] When in the later stage of shaft excavation, such as Figure 5 As shown, the downward pressing device 3 is used to control the attitude of the shaft body 5.

[0093] Specifically, in implementing step S3, different shaft construction control modes can be selected for different strata, namely the above-mentioned lifting mode, tension-compression combination mode, and downward pressure mode. Among them, the lifting mode means that the attitude of the shaft body 5 is controlled solely by the lifting device 2; the tension-compression combination mode means that the attitude of the shaft body 5 is controlled by the lifting device 2 to control the sinking depth, while the downward pressure device 3 provides power for the sinking of the shaft body 5. The two work together to control the sinking speed of the shaft body 5 and ensure the sinking accuracy section; the downward pressure mode means that the attitude of the shaft body 5 is controlled solely by the downward pressure device 3.

[0094] like Figure 3 As shown, in the initial stage of shaft construction, considering the relatively small self-weight of the shaft body 5 (few shaft sections), the low frictional resistance of the stratum 6 to the shaft body 5, and the minimal influence of groundwater, the sinking attitude of the shaft body 5 can be controlled solely by a lifting mode. However, if the stratum 6 is a water-rich, soft stratum, in the initial stage of shaft construction, a combination of the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3 can be used to control the attitude of the shaft body 5. The pressing device 3 will then embed the bottom of the shaft body 5 into the stratum 6, employing an under-excavation method to reduce the risk of sidewall collapse.

[0095] like Figure 4 As shown, during the middle stage of shaft construction, considering the gradual increase in the self-weight of the shaft body 5 and the increased influence of groundwater, the lifting device 2 alone cannot achieve uniform vertical adjustment of the shaft body 5's posture (it has a lag). Therefore, a combined tension and compression mode is adopted to control the sinking posture of the shaft body 5. Specifically, the bottom of the shaft body 5 is embedded into the stratum 6 by the pressing device 3, while the posture of the shaft body 5 is controlled by the lifting device 2. By using an under-excavation method, the bottom of the shaft body 5 is embedded into the stratum 6 by the pressing device 3, reducing the path of groundwater action and achieving shallow water level construction inside the shaft. Since there is also mud 7 on the inside of the shaft body 5, the water pressure balance inside and outside the shaft body 5 can be maintained. During the pressing process, the lifting device 2 is used to adjust the bottom posture of the shaft body 5 to achieve controllable sinking.

[0096] like Figure 5As shown, in the later stages of shaft excavation, considering the weight of the shaft body 5 and the high frictional resistance of the stratum, the lifting device 2 can no longer control the shaft body 5. Furthermore, after the shaft body 5 has descended into the stratum 6 to a certain depth, the soil within the stratum 6 and surrounding the shaft body 5 will exert a restraining effect on it. At this point, only the downward pressure mode can be used to control the attitude of the shaft body 5. That is, by using the downward pressure devices 3 at different locations to press down on one or more points of the shaft body 5, a certain side of the shaft body 5 will shift downwards, or a certain side of the shaft body 5 will shift downwards more significantly relative to other locations, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the attitude of the shaft body 5 in the later stages of shaft excavation.

[0097] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, an anti-buoyancy structure 8 is added between the top of the shaft body 5 and the control foundation 1 to connect the top of the shaft body 5 and the control foundation 1, so that the control foundation 1 can share part of the anti-buoyancy effect, thereby reducing the anti-buoyancy effect on the bottom sealing structure 9, and thus reducing the thickness of the bottom sealing structure 9 in the actual construction process, thereby achieving the purpose of saving construction costs.

[0098] During the construction of the vertical shaft, if the stratum 6 is a water-rich and soft stratum, a combination of tension and compression can be used in the early, middle and late stages of the vertical shaft construction. The sinking posture of the shaft body 5 can be controlled by the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3 to ensure construction safety.

[0099] During shaft construction, if stratum 6 is a waterless stratum, considering the self-weight of the shaft body 5 and the sinking resistance of stratum 6, a lifting mode can be used throughout the entire process to control the sinking attitude of the shaft body 5. Alternatively, a combined tension and compression mode can be used throughout the entire process, with the lifting device 2 and the compression device 3 working together to control the sinking attitude of the shaft body 5. Furthermore, the shaft construction process can be divided into a pre-construction phase and a post-excavation phase. In the pre-construction phase, a lifting mode can be used to control the sinking attitude of the shaft body 5, while in the post-excavation phase, a combined tension and compression mode can be used, with the lifting device 2 and the compression device 3 working together to control the sinking attitude of the shaft body 5.

[0100] In this invention, the specific control mode can be freely and flexibly switched according to the formation type and actual working conditions, with multiple modes available for selection, resulting in wider applicability and controllability.

[0101] The features and advantages of the vertical shaft attitude control method of the present invention are as follows:

[0102] I. The shaft attitude control method allows the lifting device 2 and the pressing device 3 to work independently or in combination, effectively and accurately controlling the shaft's sinking attitude. Furthermore, the lifting mode, the combined lifting and pressing mode, and the pressing mode can be freely and flexibly switched, truly achieving controllable shaft sinking and ensuring safe shaft construction.

[0103] Second, in this shaft attitude control method, the combination of platform foundation 101 and pile foundation 102 not only ensures the stability of control foundation 1, but also strengthens and improves the stability of the shaft after it is formed; in addition, the pile foundation 102 cooperates with platform foundation 101 to further enhance the load-bearing capacity of control foundation 1 to bear reaction force, ensuring the safe and stable operation of lifting device 2 and pressing device 3.

[0104] Third, in this shaft attitude control method, the platform foundation 101 is combined with the pile foundation 102, and the platform foundation 101 is connected to the shaft body 5 through the anti-buoyancy structure 8, so that the control foundation 1 (mainly borne by the pile foundation 102) can share part of the anti-buoyancy effect, thereby reducing the anti-buoyancy effect on the bottom sealing structure 9, and thus reducing the thickness of the bottom sealing structure 9 in the actual construction process, achieving the purpose of saving construction costs.

[0105] The above description is merely an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft attitude control system for controlling the attitude of a shaft body (5) as it descends into a formation (6), characterized in that, The shaft attitude control system includes: Multiple control bases (1) are used to be embedded in the formation (6) near the shaft opening, and the multiple control bases (1) are distributed circumferentially at intervals along the shaft opening; Multiple lifting devices (2) are respectively disposed on the top of the corresponding control base (1). The lifting ends of the multiple lifting devices (2) are connected to the bottom end of the shaft body (5), and the lifting ends of the lifting devices (2) can apply an upward pulling force to the shaft body (5). Multiple pressing devices (3) are respectively disposed on the top of the corresponding control base (1). The pressing ends of the multiple pressing devices (3) are movably disposed above the shaft body (5), and the pressing ends of the pressing devices (3) can move down to abut against the top of the shaft body (5) and apply downward pressure to the shaft body (5). Multiple lifting devices (2) and multiple pressing devices (3) work together to adjust the attitude of the shaft body (5) when it is lowered into the formation (6); The control foundation (1) includes a platform foundation (101) and a pile foundation (102). The platform foundation (101) is used to be embedded in the surface of the stratum (6), and the platform foundation (101) is connected to the shaft body (5) through an anti-buoyancy structure (8) so as to share part of the anti-buoyancy effect of the bottom sealing structure (9) located at the bottom of the shaft body (5) through the control foundation (1). The pile foundation (102) is located below the platform foundation (101), and the top of the pile foundation (102) is connected to the bottom of the platform foundation (101). The bottom end of the pile foundation (102) extends downward in the stratum (6). When the lifting device (2) and the pressing device (3) control the posture of the shaft body (5), the reaction force they receive is transmitted to the control base (1) so that the control base (1) can bear the reaction force received by the lifting device (2) and the pressing device (3).

2. The shaft attitude control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the lifting devices (2) corresponds to at least one of the pressing devices (3), and the lifting devices (2) and the corresponding pressing devices (3) are disposed on the top of the same platform base (101).

3. The shaft attitude control system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pressing device (3) includes a pressing cylinder (304). The pressing cylinder (304) and the lifting device (2) are both located on the mounting frame (10). The mounting frame (10) has an upper beam (1002) and a bottom beam (1001) located below the upper beam (1002). The pressing cylinder (304) is located at the bottom of the upper beam (1002), and the piston rod of the pressing cylinder (304) extends downward in the vertical direction and is reserved with space for assembling pipe sections. The lifting device (2) is located on the bottom beam (1001). The mounting frame (10) is anchored to the top of the platform foundation (101) so that the forces of the pressing device (3) and the lifting device (2) are transmitted to the platform foundation (101) and the pile foundation (102).

4. The shaft attitude control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shaft attitude control system also includes multiple beam foundations for embedding in the stratum (6). The multiple beam foundations are located between two adjacent platform foundations (101) and connected to the platform foundations (101). The multiple beam foundations and the multiple platform foundations (101) cooperate to form a ring beam structure (4).

5. A shaft attitude control method, implemented using the shaft attitude control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The shaft attitude control method includes: Platform construction involves setting up multiple control foundations (1) in the stratum (6) near the shaft opening, with the multiple control foundations (1) spaced apart and evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft opening; The device is installed such that at least one lifting device (2) and at least one pressing device (3) are respectively provided on the top of the plurality of control bases (1); During shaft excavation, the lifting device (2) and / or the pressing device (3) are used in stages to control the attitude of the shaft body (5) as it descends into the stratum (6). After the shaft is formed, the shaft body (5) is lowered to the preset position of the stratum (6), the bottom of the shaft body (5) is sealed, and the top of the shaft body (5) is connected to the control foundation (1).

6. The shaft attitude control method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In the device installation step, the lifting end of the lifting device (2) is connected to the bottom end of the shaft body (5); And / or, the pressing end of the pressing device (3) is movably positioned above the shaft body (5) so that the pressing end of the pressing device (3) can move down to abut against the top of the shaft body (5) and apply downward pressure to the shaft body (5).

7. The shaft attitude control method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The shaft excavation process is divided into three stages: the pre-excavation stage, the mid-excavation stage, and the post-excavation stage. When the shaft is in the construction phase, the shaft body (5) sinks under its own weight, and the lifting device (2) controls the posture of the shaft body (5). When the shaft is in the middle of construction, the lifting device (2) and the pressing device (3) are used to control the posture of the shaft body (5); The lifting device (2) is used to control the posture of the shaft body (5), and the pressing device (3) is used to provide power for the sinking of the shaft body (5). When the shaft is in the later stage of excavation, the downward pressing device (3) is used to control the attitude of the shaft body (5).

8. The shaft attitude control method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The stratum (6) is a water-rich and soft stratum. When the shaft is in the early stage of construction, the lifting device (2) and the pressing device (3) are used to control the posture of the shaft body (5) so that the bottom of the shaft body (5) can be embedded into the stratum (6) by the pressing device (3).

9. The shaft attitude control method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, When the shaft is in the middle of construction, the bottom of the shaft body (5) is embedded into the stratum (6) by the pressing device (3), and the posture of the shaft body (5) is controlled by the lifting device (2).

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