Safety monitoring method and device for steel structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of structural monitoring technology, and specifically, to a safety monitoring method and device for steel structures. It includes the following steps: collecting historical key environmental data from local meteorological stations, assigning weights according to the degree of influence of key environmental data on steel structures, and generating an environmental index; evaluating the vibration response characteristics of steel structures under dynamic loads in combination with the environmental index, and generating a vibration response index; performing static and dynamic analysis on steel structures in combination with the vibration response index, and obtaining a structural stability index; generating a comprehensive safety factor in combination with the environmental index, the vibration response index, and the structural stability index, and dividing the risk levels, and proposing specific maintenance and renovation suggestions for different levels. In the safety monitoring method and device for steel structures, the safety factor can provide a more comprehensive indicator of the health status of the steel structure, which helps to identify potential multi-faceted risks, thereby helping to promptly discover safety hazards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of structural monitoring, and in particular to a safety monitoring method and device for steel structures. Background Art

[0002] Steel structures are widely used in important infrastructures such as bridges, high-rise buildings, industrial plants, and stadiums. The safety of these structures is directly related to public safety and economic interests. Once an accident occurs, it may cause serious casualties and economic losses. Traditional steel structure monitoring methods usually rely on regular manual inspections or simple instrument measurements, which can only provide intermittent data, cannot monitor in real time, and rely on the experience and technical level of the inspectors. With the development of sensor technology, the Internet of Things, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence, modern monitoring technology can achieve continuous, remote, and automated monitoring of steel structures. This provides new possibilities for improving monitoring efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, society's requirements for infrastructure safety are constantly increasing, and more advanced and reliable monitoring methods are needed to ensure the safety and durability of structures. The safety monitoring methods in the prior art often only focus on a specific parameter (such as stress, deformation, or vibration), while ignoring other important factors, which may lead to a one-sided understanding of the structural state and fail to fully reflect its true situation. Therefore, a safety monitoring method and device for steel structures are provided. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safety monitoring method and device for steel structures to solve the problem that the safety monitoring method proposed in the above background technology often only focuses on a specific parameter and ignores other important factors, which may lead to a one-sided understanding of the structural state and fail to fully reflect its actual situation.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a safety monitoring method for a steel structure, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Collect historical key environmental data from local meteorological stations, analyze the impact of key environmental data on steel structures, assign weights according to the degree of impact of key environmental data on steel structures, and generate environmental indexes through weighted average method;

[0006] S2. Use accelerometers and sensors to collect vibration data of steel structures under different conditions, evaluate the vibration response characteristics of steel structures under dynamic loads in combination with environmental indexes, and generate a vibration response index based on the evaluation results;

[0007] S3. Combined with the vibration response index, static and dynamic analysis of the steel structure is performed to evaluate the stress and deformation of the structure under different load combinations, predict the fatigue life of the components and calculate the fatigue damage degree of the key components; based on the results of the fatigue damage degree, the key indicators reflecting the stability of the steel structure are defined, and the structural stability index is obtained by weighted average;

[0008] S4. Combine the environmental index, vibration response index and structural stability index to generate a comprehensive safety factor, divide the risk levels, and put forward specific maintenance and renovation suggestions for different levels.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the key environmental data in S1 include temperature, wind speed and humidity. The impact of key environmental data on steel structures includes the impact of temperature changes on thermal expansion and contraction and material properties of steel structures, the impact of wind speed on the stability of steel structures, and the impact of humidity on corrosion of steel structures.

[0010] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the influence of the temperature change on the thermal expansion and contraction of the steel structure and the material properties is as follows:

[0011] Thermal expansion and contraction:

[0012] ;

[0013] in, is the length change of the steel structure; is the linear expansion coefficient; is the initial length of the steel structure; is the temperature change;

[0014] Material properties:

[0015] ；

[0016] in, For the temperature The elastic modulus under is the elastic modulus at the reference temperature; is the coefficient of elastic modulus changing with temperature; is the current temperature;

[0017] ；

[0018] in, For the temperature Yield strength under is the yield strength at reference temperature; is the coefficient of variation of yield strength with temperature; is the temperature change.

[0019] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the influence of wind speed on the stability of the steel structure is specifically as follows:

[0020] Basic wind pressure:

[0021] ；

[0022] in, is the basic wind pressure; is the air density; is the wind speed;

[0023] Dynamic Response:

[0024] ；

[0025] in, is the dynamic wind pressure; is the wind vibration coefficient;

[0026] ;

[0027] in, For the structure in position and time displacement; is the number of modes; For the The vibration shape function of each mode; For the The time response of a mode.

[0028] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the influence of humidity on the corrosion of steel structures is specifically as follows:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, is the corrosion rate; is a constant; is the activation energy; is the gas constant; is the relative humidity; is the humidity index;

[0031] ;

[0032] in, For in time Cumulative corrosion depth; is the corrosion rate varying with time; For time.

[0033] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the environmental index is generated by weighted average method in S1, as follows:

[0034] Define the temperature impact index:

[0035] ;

[0036] in, is the temperature impact index; is the weight of the change in linear expansion coefficient; is the weight of the change in elastic modulus; is the weight of yield strength change;

[0037] Define the wind speed impact index:

[0038] ;

[0039] in, is the wind speed impact index; is the weight of the basic wind pressure change; For reference basic wind pressure; is the weight of the maximum value of the structural displacement response; is the reference displacement;

[0040] Define the humidity impact index:

[0041] ;

[0042] in, is the humidity impact index; is the weight of corrosion rate change; is the reference corrosion rate; is the weight of the cumulative corrosion depth change; is the reference cumulative corrosion depth;

[0043] The environmental index is:

[0044] ;

[0045] in, is the environmental index; is the weight of the temperature impact index; is the weight of wind speed impact index; is the weight of humidity impact index.

[0046] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the specific steps of S2 are as follows:

[0047] S21. Arrange accelerometers and sensors at key locations of the steel structure, use a data acquisition system to record sensor data, maintain time synchronization and high sampling rate for data acquisition, and pre-process the collected data;

[0048] S22, obtaining a frequency response function and calculating the power spectrum density of the signal according to the preprocessed data;

[0049] S23, extracting the natural frequency and damping ratio by fitting the peak area of ​​the frequency response function;

[0050] S24. Identify the modal vibration shapes of the steel structure by running modal analysis to generate vibration response indices.

[0051] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in S24, the vibration response index is specifically:

[0052] ;

[0053] in, is the vibration response index; is the weight of the natural frequency; is the natural frequency; is the weight of the amplitude; is the maximum amplitude; is the weight of the RMS value of acceleration; is the root mean square value of acceleration;

[0054] The influence of the environmental index is introduced into the vibration response index for optimization. The optimized expression is:

[0055] ;

[0056] in, is the optimized vibration response index; It is the overall influencing factor of the environmental index.

[0057] As a further improvement of the technical solution, S3 is specifically as follows:

[0058] Fatigue damage model:

[0059] ;

[0060] in, is the fatigue life of the steel structure; and is the material constant of the steel structure; is the stress amplitude;

[0061] ;

[0062] in, is the cumulative damage to the steel structure; is the number of cycles; For the Fatigue life corresponding to cycles; For the The number of cycles;

[0063] Fatigue damage degree of key components:

[0064] ;

[0065] in, For steel structure The fatigue damage degree of each component; For steel structure Cumulative damage to each component; is the critical damage value;

[0066] Key indicators include stress level, deformation level and fatigue damage degree;

[0067] ;

[0068] in, is the stress level index; is the maximum stress; is the allowable stress;

[0069] ;

[0070] in, is the deformation level index; is the maximum deformation; To allow for deformation;

[0071] ;

[0072] in, is the fatigue damage degree index;

[0073] Then the structural stability index is:

[0074] ;

[0075] in, is the structural stability index; is the weight of the stress level; is the weight of the deformation level; is the weight of fatigue damage degree.

[0076] On the other hand, the present invention provides a safety monitoring device for steel structures, comprising a sensor, a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of any one of the above-described methods for safety monitoring of steel structures.

[0077] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0078] In the safety monitoring method and device for steel structures, by comprehensively considering environmental factors, structural dynamic behavior and overall structural stability, the safety factor can provide a more comprehensive indicator of the health status of the steel structure. This method goes beyond the limitations of a single parameter and helps to identify potential multi-faceted risks, thereby helping to promptly discover safety hazards and enabling managers to take necessary maintenance measures before problems worsen, thereby improving the safety level of the entire steel structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0079] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the overall method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0081] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a safety monitoring method for a steel structure, comprising the following steps:

[0082] S1. Collect historical key environmental data from local meteorological stations, analyze the impact of key environmental data on steel structures, assign weights according to the degree of impact of key environmental data on steel structures, and generate environmental indexes through weighted average method;

[0083] The key environmental data in S1 include temperature, wind speed and humidity. The impact of key environmental data on steel structures includes the impact of temperature changes on thermal expansion and contraction and material properties of steel structures, the impact of wind speed on the stability of steel structures, and the impact of humidity on corrosion of steel structures.

[0084] The effects of temperature changes on thermal expansion and contraction of steel structures and material properties are as follows:

[0085] Thermal expansion and contraction:

[0086] ;

[0087] in, is the length change of the steel structure; is the linear expansion coefficient; is the initial length of the steel structure; is the temperature change;

[0088] Used to calculate the length change of steel structures under temperature changes. Due to the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of materials, the structure will stretch when the temperature rises and shrink when the temperature drops. This is very important for the reserved gaps and connectors in the design and construction to prevent stress concentration and structural damage caused by temperature changes.

[0089] Material properties:

[0090] ；

[0091] in, For the temperature The elastic modulus under is the elastic modulus at the reference temperature; is the coefficient of elastic modulus changing with temperature; is the current temperature;

[0092] Describes the change in elastic modulus with temperature. The elastic modulus is a measure of the rigidity of a material. Temperature changes affect the rigidity of the material, which in turn affects the load-bearing capacity and deformation characteristics of the structure. At high temperatures, the rigidity of the material decreases, which can lead to greater deformation and stress.

[0093] ；

[0094] in, For the temperature Yield strength under is the yield strength at reference temperature; is the coefficient of variation of yield strength with temperature; is the temperature change;

[0095] The change of yield strength with temperature is described. Yield strength is the stress value at which the material begins to undergo plastic deformation. Increased temperature will cause the yield strength to decrease, thus affecting the safety and bearing capacity of the structure. In high temperature environments, special attention needs to be paid to ensure the safety of the structure.

[0096] The influence of wind speed on the stability of steel structures is as follows:

[0097] Basic wind pressure:

[0098] ；

[0099] in, is the basic wind pressure; is the air density; is the wind speed;

[0100] This formula is used to calculate the basic wind pressure, which is the wind force per unit area. The greater the wind speed, the greater the wind pressure and the greater the load on the structure. The basic wind pressure is the basis for evaluating wind loads and is used to design the wind resistance of structures.

[0101] Dynamic Response:

[0102] ；

[0103] in, is the dynamic wind pressure; is the wind vibration coefficient, which is related to the natural frequency and damping ratio of the structure;

[0104] The formula is used to calculate the dynamic wind pressure, taking into account the wind vibration effect and the wind vibration coefficient It reflects the dynamic response characteristics of the structure under wind load. Dynamic wind pressure can more accurately reflect the impact of actual wind load on the structure than basic wind pressure.

[0105] ;

[0106] in, For the structure in position and time displacement; is the number of modes; For the The vibration shape function of each mode; For the The time response of each mode;

[0107] This formula calculates the displacement response of the structure under wind load by modal superposition method. It decomposes the response of the structure into the contribution of multiple modes, and the time response of each mode is It reflects the vibration of the mode under wind load and helps to evaluate the dynamic behavior and stability of the structure under wind load.

[0108] The effects of humidity on corrosion of steel structures are as follows:

[0109] ;

[0110] in, is the corrosion rate; is a constant; is the activation energy; is the gas constant; is the relative humidity; is the humidity index;

[0111] This formula is based on electrochemical corrosion theory and describes the relationship between corrosion rate and temperature and humidity. The higher the temperature and humidity, the faster the corrosion rate. This formula can be used to predict the corrosion rate under different environmental conditions, thereby evaluating the durability and maintenance needs of steel structures.

[0112] ;

[0113] in, For in time Cumulative corrosion depth; is the corrosion rate varying with time; is the time; this formula is the corrosion rate model;

[0114] The formula calculates the cumulative corrosion depth by integrating the change in corrosion rate over time. The cumulative corrosion depth reflects the total amount of corrosion of the steel structure after long-term exposure to a humid environment, which helps to assess the remaining life and maintenance needs of the structure.

[0115] In S1, the environmental index is generated by weighted average method, as follows:

[0116] Define the temperature impact index:

[0117] ;

[0118] in, is the temperature impact index; is the weight of the change in linear expansion coefficient; is the weight of the change in elastic modulus; is the weight of yield strength change;

[0119] This formula takes into account the impact of temperature changes on structural dimensions, material elastic properties and strength, and comprehensively reflects the impact of temperature on the overall performance of steel structures.

[0120] Define the wind speed impact index:

[0121] ;

[0122] in, is the wind speed impact index; is the weight of the basic wind pressure change; For reference basic wind pressure; is the weight of the maximum value of the structural displacement response; is the reference displacement;

[0123] This formula combines two key factors, wind pressure and structural response, to help assess the potential impact of wind speed changes on structural stability and safety.

[0124] Define the humidity impact index:

[0125] ;

[0126] in, is the humidity impact index; is the weight of corrosion rate change; is the reference corrosion rate; is the weight of the cumulative corrosion depth change; is the reference cumulative corrosion depth;

[0127] This formula is able to quantify the effect of humidity on the durability of steel structures well by taking into account both the immediate corrosion rate and the cumulative effect.

[0128] The environmental index is:

[0129] ;

[0130] in, is the environmental index; is the weight of the temperature impact index; is the weight of wind speed impact index; is the weight of humidity impact index;

[0131] By taking a weighted average approach, the impact of multiple environmental factors is taken into account, providing a single value to characterize the overall environmental conditions of the steel structure, which is convenient for comparison and decision-making. The weights can be adjusted according to specific project requirements or empirical data to ensure the effectiveness and representativeness of the environmental index.

[0132] S2. Use accelerometers and sensors to collect vibration data of steel structures under different conditions (natural vibrations, such as wind and earthquakes; vibrations caused by human factors, such as vehicle traffic), evaluate the vibration response characteristics of steel structures under dynamic loads in combination with environmental indices, and generate a vibration response index based on the evaluation results;

[0133] The specific steps of S2 are as follows:

[0134] S21. Arrange accelerometers and sensors at key locations of the steel structure to cover the main vibration modes, use a data acquisition system to record sensor data, maintain time synchronization and high sampling rate for data acquisition, and pre-process the collected data; ensure that the main vibration modes of the structure can be captured, so as to fully understand the dynamic behavior of the structure;

[0135] S22. Based on the preprocessed data, the frequency response function is obtained and the power spectrum density of the signal is calculated; the energy distribution of the signal at different frequencies is represented to help identify the resonant frequency and other important characteristic frequencies of the structure;

[0136] S23. Extract the natural frequency and damping ratio by fitting the peak area of ​​the frequency response function. The natural frequency reflects the natural frequency of the structure during free vibration and is an important parameter for structural design and analysis. The damping ratio reflects the ability of the structure to dissipate energy and is very important for evaluating the stability and safety of the structure under dynamic loads.

[0137] S24, identifying the modal vibration shape of the steel structure by running modal analysis, thereby generating a vibration response index;

[0138] In S24, the vibration response index is specifically:

[0139] ;

[0140] in, is the vibration response index; is the weight of the natural frequency; is the natural frequency; is the weight of the amplitude; is the maximum amplitude; is the weight of the RMS value of acceleration; is the root mean square value of acceleration;

[0141] The influence of the environmental index is introduced into the vibration response index for optimization. The optimized expression is:

[0142] ;

[0143] in, is the optimized vibration response index; It is the overall impact factor of the environmental index, usually a positive number, indicating the degree of influence of the environmental index on the vibration response index, and is adjusted according to specific engineering requirements and empirical data;

[0144] By introducing the environmental index , we can comprehensively consider the impact of temperature change, wind speed and humidity on structural performance in the vibration response index. This makes the evaluation results more comprehensive and accurate.

[0145] S3. Combined with the vibration response index, static and dynamic analysis of the steel structure is performed to evaluate the stress and deformation of the structure under different load combinations, predict the fatigue life of the components and calculate the fatigue damage degree of the key components; based on the results of the fatigue damage degree, the key indicators reflecting the stability of the steel structure are defined, and the structural stability index is obtained by weighted average;

[0146] S3 is as follows:

[0147] Fatigue damage model:

[0148] ;

[0149] in, is the fatigue life of the steel structure; and is the material constant of the steel structure; is the stress amplitude; the formula shows that as the stress amplitude increases, the number of cycles that the steel structure material can withstand (i.e. fatigue life) will decrease;

[0150] ;

[0151] in, is the cumulative damage to the steel structure; is the number of cycles; For the Fatigue life corresponding to cycles; For the The total cumulative damage suffered by the steel structure during its entire service life is obtained by accumulating the ratio of the actual number of cycles in each cycle to the maximum number of cycles that the material can withstand at this stress level, which helps to assess whether the structure is close to its fatigue limit;

[0152] Fatigue damage degree of key components:

[0153] ;

[0154] in, For steel structure The fatigue damage degree of each component; For steel structure Cumulative damage to each component; is the critical damage value; when When it is close to 1 or exceeds 1, it means that the component is very close to or exceeds the safety limit;

[0155] Key indicators include stress level, deformation level and fatigue damage degree;

[0156] ;

[0157] in, is the stress level index; is the maximum stress; is the allowable stress; the stress level index reflects the ratio of the maximum stress occurring in the structure to the allowable stress specified in the design. If this ratio is too high, it may indicate the risk of local overload;

[0158] ;

[0159] in, is the deformation level index; is the maximum deformation; The deformation level index is also evaluated based on the ratio of the maximum deformation to the allowable deformation. Excessive deformation may cause the structure to lose its intended function or stability.

[0160] ;

[0161] in, is the fatigue damage index; the fatigue damage index takes the most serious one among all key components as the representative value of the overall structural condition;

[0162] Then the structural stability index is:

[0163] ;

[0164] in, is the structural stability index; is the weight of the stress level; is the weight of the deformation level; is the weight of fatigue damage degree;

[0165] The structural stability index takes the above three factors into consideration and adjusts their influence on the final score through their respective weights. This can more comprehensively reflect the safety and reliability status of the entire structure. The selection of weights is usually based on the specific project background and focus to ensure that the evaluation results are in line with the actual situation.

[0166] S4. Combine the environmental index, vibration response index and structural stability index to generate a comprehensive safety factor, divide the risk levels, and put forward specific maintenance and renovation suggestions for different levels.

[0167] Defining the overall safety factor SC Used to assess the overall safety of a structure;

[0168] ;

[0169] The range is 0-1, and the safety factor is divided into risk levels, such as low risk, medium risk and high risk. When the risk is low, , it is judged as medium risk; when , it is judged as high risk;

[0170] Recommendations for low-risk maintenance and renovation include:

[0171] Conduct a comprehensive inspection every six months to ensure there is no visible damage or corrosion to the structure;

[0172] Carry out routine anti-corrosion treatment and surface coating maintenance;

[0173] Install a long-term monitoring system to monitor the structure's vibration and environmental conditions in real time.

[0174] Recommendations for maintenance and renovation for medium-risk areas include:

[0175] Increase inspection frequency: Conduct a comprehensive inspection every quarter, paying special attention to damage in key areas.

[0176] Repair damaged parts promptly, such as welding reinforcement, replacement of corroded parts, etc.

[0177] Add monitoring points and improve the density and frequency of data collection to detect problems earlier.

[0178] Implement preventive maintenance measures, such as regular replacement of wearing parts and strengthening of connection points.

[0179] Recommendations for high-risk maintenance and renovation include:

[0180] Conduct a comprehensive inspection immediately and, if necessary, ask a professional organization to conduct a detailed assessment;

[0181] Carry out emergency repairs on any major damaged parts found, such as reinforcing supports and replacing severely corroded components;

[0182] Install more sensors to achieve real-time monitoring around the clock and set up an early warning system;

[0183] Depending on the assessment results, structural modifications may be necessary, such as adding supports, changing the design, etc.;

[0184] Develop detailed emergency response plans, including emergency evacuation plans and emergency repair measures;

[0185] Provide regular training to relevant personnel to improve their ability to respond to emergencies.

[0186] A detailed assessment report is then written, and specific maintenance or renovation recommendations are made based on the assessment results to ensure the safety and reliability of the structure. Regular structural inspections and maintenance are recommended to ensure long-term safe operation.

[0187] Example 2: This example provides a safety monitoring device for steel structures, comprising a sensor, a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of any one of the above-described methods for safety monitoring of steel structures.

[0188] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A safety monitoring method for a steel structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect historical key environmental data from local meteorological stations, analyze the impact of key environmental data on steel structures, assign weights according to the degree of impact of key environmental data on steel structures, and generate environmental indexes through weighted average method; S2. Use accelerometers and sensors to collect vibration data of steel structures under different conditions, evaluate the vibration response characteristics of steel structures under dynamic loads in combination with environmental indexes, and generate a vibration response index based on the evaluation results; S3. Combined with the vibration response index, static and dynamic analysis of steel structures is performed to evaluate the stress and deformation of the structure under different load combinations, predict the fatigue life of components and calculate the fatigue damage degree of key components; According to the results of fatigue damage degree, the key indicators reflecting the stability of steel structure are defined, and the structural stability index is obtained by weighted average method; S4. Combine the environmental index, vibration response index and structural stability index to generate a comprehensive safety factor, divide the risk levels, and put forward specific maintenance and renovation suggestions for different levels; The comprehensive safety factor SC is defined to evaluate the overall safety of the structure; ； The range is 0-1, and the safety factor is divided into risk levels, such as low risk, medium risk and high risk. When the risk is low, , it is judged as medium risk; when , it is judged as high risk, is the environmental index, is the structural stability index, is the optimized vibration response index; In S1, the environmental index is generated by weighted average method, as follows: Define the temperature impact index: ； in, is the temperature impact index; is the weight of the change in linear expansion coefficient; is the weight of the change in elastic modulus; is the weight of yield strength change, is the length change of the steel structure, For the temperature The elastic modulus under For the temperature The yield strength under is the initial length of the steel structure, is the elastic modulus at the reference temperature, is the yield strength at reference temperature; Define the wind speed impact index: ； in, is the wind speed impact index; is the weight of the basic wind pressure change; For reference basic wind pressure; is the weight of the maximum value of the structural displacement response; is the reference displacement, is the basic wind pressure, For the structure in position and time displacement; Define the humidity impact index: ； in, is the humidity impact index; is the weight of corrosion rate change; is the reference corrosion rate; is the weight of the cumulative corrosion depth change; For reference cumulative corrosion depth, is the corrosion rate, For in time Cumulative corrosion depth; The environmental index is: ； in, is the environmental index; is the weight of the temperature impact index; is the weight of wind speed impact index; is the weight of humidity impact index, is the temperature impact index, is the humidity impact index, is the wind speed impact index; The specific steps of S2 are as follows: S21. Arrange accelerometers and sensors at key locations of the steel structure, use a data acquisition system to record sensor data, maintain time synchronization and high sampling rate for data acquisition, and pre-process the collected data; S22, obtaining a frequency response function and calculating the power spectrum density of the signal according to the preprocessed data; S23, extracting the natural frequency and damping ratio by fitting the peak area of ​​the frequency response function; S24, identifying the modal vibration shape of the steel structure by running modal analysis, thereby generating a vibration response index; In S24, the vibration response index is specifically: ； in, is the vibration response index; is the weight of the natural frequency; is the natural frequency; is the weight of the amplitude; is the maximum amplitude; is the weight of the RMS value of acceleration; is the root mean square value of acceleration; The influence of the environmental index is introduced into the vibration response index for optimization. The optimized expression is: ； in, is the optimized vibration response index; is the overall impact factor of the environmental index, is the amplitude weight, is the maximum amplitude, is the weight of the RMS value of acceleration; is the root mean square value of acceleration, is the overall impact factor of the environmental index, is the environmental index; The S3 is as follows: Fatigue damage model: ； in, is the fatigue life of the steel structure; and is the material constant of the steel structure; is the stress amplitude; ； in, is the cumulative damage to the steel structure; is the number of cycles; For the Fatigue life corresponding to cycles; For the The number of cycles; Fatigue damage degree of key components: ； in, For steel structure The fatigue damage degree of each component; For steel structure Cumulative damage to each component; is the critical damage value; Key indicators include stress level, deformation level and fatigue damage degree; ； in, is the stress level index; is the maximum stress; is the allowable stress; ； in, is the deformation level index; is the maximum deformation; To allow for deformation; ； in, is the fatigue damage index, For steel structure The fatigue damage degree of each component; Then the structural stability index is: ； in, is the structural stability index; is the weight of the stress level; is the weight of the deformation level; is the weight of fatigue damage degree, is the stress level index, is the deformation level index, is the fatigue damage index.

2. The safety monitoring method for steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The key environmental data in S1 include temperature, wind speed and humidity. The impact of key environmental data on steel structures includes the impact of temperature changes on thermal expansion and contraction and material properties of steel structures, the impact of wind speed on the stability of steel structures, and the impact of humidity on corrosion of steel structures.

3. The safety monitoring method for steel structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The effects of the temperature changes on the thermal expansion and contraction of steel structures and material properties are as follows: Thermal expansion and contraction: ； in, is the length change of the steel structure; is the linear expansion coefficient; is the initial length of the steel structure; is the temperature change; Material properties: ； in, For the temperature The elastic modulus under is the elastic modulus at the reference temperature; is the coefficient of elastic modulus changing with temperature; is the current temperature, is the temperature change; ； in, For the temperature Yield strength under is the yield strength at reference temperature; is the coefficient of change of yield strength with temperature; is the temperature change.

4. The safety monitoring method for steel structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The influence of wind speed on the stability of steel structure is as follows: Basic wind pressure: ； in, is the basic wind pressure; is the air density; is the wind speed; Dynamic Response: ； in, is the dynamic wind pressure; is the wind vibration coefficient; ； in, For the structure in position and time displacement; is the number of modes; For the The vibration shape function of each mode; For the The time response of a mode.

5. The safety monitoring method for steel structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The effects of humidity on corrosion of steel structures are as follows: ； in, is the corrosion rate; is a constant; is the activation energy; is the gas constant; is the relative humidity; is the humidity index; ； in, For in time Cumulative corrosion depth; is the corrosion rate varying with time; For time.

6. A safety monitoring device for a steel structure, comprising a sensor, a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the steel structure safety monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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