An ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on a rectangular micro-coaxial process, comprising: a series-type Marchand balun, a parallel-type Marchand balun and a connecting feeder, wherein: the series-type Marchand balun and the parallel-type Marchand balun are both multi-section transmission lines and metal cavity structures; the output end of the series-type Marchand balun is cascaded with the input end of the parallel-type Marchand balun; the series-type Marchand balun is defined as a first stage, used to divide an input signal into two equal-power signals; the parallel-type Marchand balun is defined as a second stage, used to divide two equal-power signals into four equal-power signals. The present invention has the advantages of compact structure, ultra-wideband, large power capacity, small phase difference and amplitude deviation, and small loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency communication, and in particular to an ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on a rectangular micro-coaxial process. Background Art

[0002] In microwave communication systems, power dividers have important applications. Their main function is to divide the input signal into multiple output signals according to the required power ratio. They are multi-port passive devices.

[0003] Traditional power dividers, such as the Wilkinson power divider, are composed of multiple transmission lines with different characteristic impedances and isolation resistors. The impedance bandwidth can be increased by increasing the order, but its volume is too large. Another example is the T-junction power divider, which has a similar structure to the Wilkinson power divider. It abandons the isolation performance and removes the isolation resistor. However, to ensure consistent impedance of the input and output ports and a wider bandwidth, a high-order quarter-wavelength impedance transformer is required, which will also result in a larger volume. Therefore, achieving ultra-wideband power distribution in a smaller volume is the focus of RF research and development. The above two types of power dividers have mature design processes and can directly obtain results through comprehensive methods.

[0004] In addition to these two types, there are also power dividers based on coupled line cascades. This type of power divider usually has a narrow bandwidth, the phase amplitude imbalance is difficult to control, and the derivation is relatively complex. Therefore, coupled line power dividers are often designed in combination with filters to design narrowband and broadband differential power divider filters and power divider filters.

[0005] Therefore, it can be known from the above that the power divider used in the prior art has the following disadvantages: low power capacity, large phase and amplitude deviation, large loss, and inability to balance volume and bandwidth.

[0006] To this end, the present application specifically proposes an ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology, which has the advantages of wide frequency bandwidth, large power capacity, small amplitude and phase deviation, and small loss.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0009] An ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology includes a series Marchand balun, a parallel Marchand balun and a connecting feeder, wherein:

[0010] The series-type Marchand balun and the parallel-type Marchand balun are both multi-section transmission lines and metal cavity structures;

[0011] The output end of the series Marchand balun is cascaded with the input end of the parallel Marchand balun;

[0012] The series-type Marchand balun is defined as the first stage, which is used to split the input signal into two equal-power signals;

[0013] The parallel Marchand balun is defined as the second stage and is used to divide two equal-power signals into four equal-power signals.

[0014] Preferably, the series-type Marchand balun is provided with a primary input terminal, and the two sets of parallel-type Marchand baluns are respectively provided with a secondary input terminal a and a secondary input terminal b;

[0015] The parallel Marchand balun provided with a secondary input terminal a is provided with a secondary output terminal a and a secondary output terminal b;

[0016] The parallel-type Marchand balun provided with a secondary input terminal b is provided with a secondary output terminal c and a secondary output terminal d.

[0017] Preferably, the first-level input end is composed of a quarter-wavelength transmission line z and an input feeder line;

[0018] The primary input end is connected with a parallel double line through a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z and a group of outer conductors, the outer conductor of the primary input end is connected to the metal cavity, the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z of the primary input end is connected to the inner wall of the metal cavity, and the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z is consistent in size with the outer conductor of the primary input end;

[0019] The series Marchand balun is provided with a two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion, which is used to transition a parallel two-wire having a differential impedance equal to the impedance value of a primary input end to a first coaxial line and a second coaxial line having an impedance half of the impedance value of the input end.

[0020] Preferably, in the parallel Marchand balun:

[0021] The inner conductors of the secondary input terminal a and the secondary input terminal b are connected to a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a and a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b, respectively. The quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a, the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b, the outer conductor of the secondary input terminal a, and the outer conductor of the secondary input terminal b are all short-circuited with the inner wall of the metal cavity. The quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a, the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b and the outer conductors of the secondary input terminal a and the secondary input terminal b are all consistent in size;

[0022] The secondary output end a, secondary output end b, secondary output end c, and secondary output end d are respectively composed of a section of conventional transmission line a, conventional transmission line b, conventional transmission line c, and conventional transmission line d and a section of corresponding quarter-wavelength transmission line a, quarter-wavelength transmission line b, quarter-wavelength transmission line c, and quarter-wavelength transmission line d;

[0023] The transmission line impedance values ​​of the four secondary output ends of the parallel Marchand balun are consistent with the impedance value of the primary input end;

[0024] The secondary output end b and the secondary output end c are connected to the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a and the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b respectively and connected out;

[0025] The inner conductors of the secondary input terminal a and the secondary input terminal b are used to be connected to the secondary output terminal a and the secondary output terminal d respectively and connected out.

[0026] Preferably, the metal cavity is connected with the inner and outer conductors of the balun, and extends a quarter wavelength in the direction of the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z and the quarter-wavelength transmission line z, the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a and the quarter-wavelength transmission line b, and the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b and the quarter-wavelength transmission line c, respectively, to form three metal cavity structures with a length of half a wavelength, and the three metal cavity structures are compactly spliced.

[0027] Preferably, the two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion is connected to four groups of quarter-wavelength transmission lines of the parallel-type Marchand balun through secondary input terminal a and secondary input terminal b, and the impedance values ​​of the secondary input terminal a and secondary input terminal b are respectively consistent with the first coaxial line and the second coaxial line.

[0028] Preferably, the right-angle corners of the rectangular coaxial line in the primary input terminal, two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion, secondary input terminal a, secondary input terminal b, secondary output terminal a, secondary output terminal b, secondary output terminal c, and secondary output terminal d are all cut, and the size of the cut angle is a specified multiple of the inner conductor width, so as to reduce the discontinuity of transmission.

[0029] Preferably, release holes are periodically etched on the transmission lines, and support structures are periodically arranged on the transmission lines to support the inner conductors of the rectangular coaxial lines.

[0030] The present invention provides an ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] 1. The present invention adopts a rectangular micro-coaxial structure design and combines the two-stage configuration of series and parallel Marchand baluns to achieve one-to-four equal power distribution of ultra-wideband signals, significantly improves the frequency band coverage capability of the power divider, and meets the requirements of ultra-wideband communication systems for wide spectrum.

[0032] 2. The present invention can effectively divide the input signal into two equal-power signals and then further into four equal-power signals by implementing a cascade connection between the series-type Marchand balun and the parallel-type Marchand balun. This design ensures the balance of signal distribution, reduces amplitude and phase deviations, and improves signal transmission quality.

[0033] 3. The present invention is based on the micro-machining technology of rectangular micro-coaxial, and has the characteristics of low insertion loss and large power capacity. By implementing a corner cutting design on the corners of the rectangular coaxial line and periodically adding release holes and support structures on the transmission line, it can reduce the discontinuity in the signal transmission process and improve the signal integrity. At the same time, it can enhance the mechanical stability of the inner conductor and extend the service life of the device.

[0034] 4. The short-circuit line of the present invention is short-circuited with the rectangular cavity, which promotes the rapid dissipation of heat, can achieve rapid heat conduction, effectively solves the problem of heat accumulation in high-power applications, and further improves the power capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the transmission line connection structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a return loss simulation curve diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a curve diagram of insertion loss simulation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 is a phase difference simulation curve diagram of a differential port in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 is a phase difference simulation curve diagram of the same-direction port in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 4 is a curve diagram of the amplitude difference simulation of each port in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure:

[0045] 1. Primary input terminal; 2. Quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z; 3. Dual-line-coaxial line conversion; 4. Secondary input terminal a; 5. Secondary input terminal b; 6. Quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b; 7. Quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a; 8. Secondary output terminal a; 9. Secondary output terminal b; 10. Secondary output terminal c; 11. Secondary output terminal d; 12. Metal cavity; 13. Input feed line; 14. Quarter-wavelength transmission line z; 15. Parallel double lines; 16. First coaxial line; 17. Second coaxial line; 18. Input transmission line a; 19. Input transmission line b; 20. Quarter-wavelength transmission line d; 21. Quarter-wavelength transmission line a; 22. Conventional transmission line a; 23. Quarter-wavelength transmission line b; 24. Conventional transmission line b; 25. Conventional transmission line c; 26. Quarter-wavelength transmission line c; 27. Conventional transmission line d. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In the embodiment, see Figures 1 to 8 .

[0048] The present invention provides an ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on a rectangular micro-coaxial process, which has the advantages of ultra-wideband, low loss, and small amplitude phase difference. It relates to an ultra-wideband balun cascade one-to-four equal power divider, especially a small ultra-wideband, a power divider realized by a Marchand balun cascade and a rectangular micro-coaxial process, specifically including a series-type Marchand balun, a parallel-type Marchand balun, and a connecting feeder, wherein as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown:

[0049] Both the series-type Marchand balun and the parallel-type Marchand balun are structures of multiple transmission lines and metal cavities 12, and have the advantages of compact structure and small size. The overall guided wavelength size is 0.66λg×1.078λg×0.273λg. In some specific examples, the size is 19.73mm×32.34mm×8.2mm. In terms of structural connection relationship, the output end of the series-type Marchand balun is cascaded with the input end of the parallel-type Marchand balun. The series-type Marchand balun is defined as the first stage, which is used to divide the input signal into two equal-power signals, and the parallel-type Marchand balun is defined as the second stage, which is used to divide the two equal-power signals into four equal-power signals. At this time, by implementing a cascade connection between the series-type Marchand balun and the parallel-type Marchand balun, the input signal can be effectively divided into two equal-power signals first, and then further divided into four equal-power signals. This design ensures the balance of signal distribution, reduces amplitude and phase deviations, and improves signal transmission quality.

[0050] At this time, the one-to-four balun power divider adopts a rectangular micro-coaxial structure design and combines the two-stage configuration of series and parallel Marchand baluns to achieve a one-to-four equal power distribution of ultra-wideband signals, significantly improving the frequency band coverage capability of the power divider and meeting the ultra-wideband communication system's demand for a wide spectrum.

[0051] Further, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the series type Marchand balun is provided with a primary input terminal 1, the two sets of parallel type Marchand baluns are respectively provided with secondary input terminals a4 and b5, the parallel type Marchand balun provided with secondary input terminal a4 is provided with secondary output terminals a8 and b9, and the parallel type Marchand balun provided with secondary input terminal b5 is provided with secondary output terminals c10 and d11.

[0052] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , for the series-type Marchand balun:

[0053] The series Marchand balun is composed of a 50-ohm quarter-wavelength transmission line z14, a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z2, a 50-ohm parallel double-wire 15 respectively terminating the inner and outer conductors of the quarter-wavelength transmission line z14, a parallel double-wire-rectangular coaxial line transition, and a rectangular metal cavity with a length of half a wavelength, specifically:

[0054] The first-level input terminal 1 is composed of a quarter-wavelength transmission line z14 and an input feeder line 13, wherein the inner conductor has a width of 0.22 mm and a height of 0.1 mm, the outer conductor has a width of 0.62 mm and a height of 0.5 mm, and the outer conductor has a thickness of 0.1 mm;

[0055] The primary input terminal 1 is connected to a parallel double line 15 through a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z2 and a group of outer conductors. The outer conductor of the primary input terminal 1 is connected to the metal cavity 12. The quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z2 of the primary input terminal 1 is connected to the inner wall of the metal cavity 12. The quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z2 has a width of 0.62 mm and a height of 0.5 mm, which is consistent with the size of the outer conductor of the primary input terminal 1.

[0056] The series-type Marchand balun is provided with a two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion 3, and the impedance value of the primary input terminal 1 is 50 ohms. Therefore, the two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion 3 is used to transition the parallel two-wire 15 with a differential impedance of 50 ohms to two first coaxial lines 16 and second coaxial lines 17 with an impedance half of the impedance value of the primary input terminal 1, i.e., 25 ohms. The spacing between the parallel two-wire 15 is 0.1 mm, and the thickness of the parallel two-wire 15 is 0.7 mm.

[0057] The two-wire-to-coaxial line converter 3 is connected to four sets of quarter-wavelength transmission lines of the parallel-type Marchand balun through the secondary input terminal a4 and the secondary input terminal b5. The impedance values ​​of the secondary input terminal a4 and the secondary input terminal b5 are respectively consistent with the first coaxial line 16 and the second coaxial line 17, that is, the inner conductor width of the secondary input terminal is 0.15 mm, the inner conductor height is 0.5 mm, the outer conductor width is 0.55 mm, the outer conductor height is 0.9 mm, and the outer conductor thickness is 0.1 mm.

[0058] Therefore, in the specific implementation process of the present invention, the primary input terminal 1 inputs a signal, and the two-wire-to-coaxial line converter 3 outputs 0° and 180° equal power signals; wherein the 0° signal of the inner conductor of the primary input terminal 1 passes through a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z2 branch, and enters the input terminal of a group of parallel-type Marchand baluns through the two-wire-to-coaxial line converter 3, and the 180° signal of the outer conductor of the primary input terminal 1 passes through the outer conductor of the primary input terminal 1, and enters the input terminal of another group of parallel-type Marchand baluns through the two-wire-to-coaxial line converter 3.

[0059] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , for the parallel-type Marchand balun:

[0060] The parallel Marchand balun is composed of a 25-ohm quarter-wavelength transmission line, a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a7, a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b6, a pair of 50-ohm quarter-wavelength transmission lines respectively terminated with the inner and outer conductors of the input end, and a rectangular metal cavity with a length of half a wavelength, specifically:

[0061] The inner conductors of the secondary input terminal a4 and the secondary input terminal b5 are connected to a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a7 and a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b6 respectively. The quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a7, the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b6, the outer conductor of the secondary input terminal a4, and the outer conductor of the secondary input terminal b5 are all short-circuited with the inner wall of the metal cavity 12. The width of the short-circuit line is 0.55 mm, and the height of the short-circuit line is 0.9 mm. The dimensions of the outer conductors of the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a7, the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b6 and the secondary input terminal a4 and the secondary input terminal b5 are consistent.

[0062] The secondary output terminal a8, the secondary output terminal b9, the secondary output terminal c10, and the secondary output terminal d11 are respectively composed of a section of a conventional transmission line a22, a conventional transmission line b24, a conventional transmission line c25, a conventional transmission line d27 and a section of a corresponding quarter-wavelength transmission line a21, a quarter-wavelength transmission line b23, a quarter-wavelength transmission line c26, and a quarter-wavelength transmission line d20;

[0063] The transmission line impedance values ​​of the four secondary output terminals of the parallel-type Marchand balun are consistent with the impedance value of the primary input terminal 1;

[0064] The secondary output terminal b9 and the secondary output terminal c10 are respectively connected to the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a7 and the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b6 and connected out;

[0065] The inner conductors of the secondary input terminal a4 and the secondary input terminal b5 are respectively used to connect to the secondary output terminal a8 and the secondary output terminal d11 and be connected out;

[0066] The inner conductor width of the secondary output terminal a8, the secondary output terminal b9, the secondary output terminal c10, and the secondary output terminal d11 is 0.17 mm, the inner conductor height is 0.1 mm, the outer conductor width is 0.57 mm, the outer conductor height is 0.5 mm, and the outer conductor thickness is 0.1 mm.

[0067] Therefore, in the specific implementation process of the present invention, the two-way signals output by the series-type Marchand balun are received by the secondary input terminal a4 and the secondary input terminal b5 of the two parallel-type Marchand baluns, and the four-way signals of 0°, 180°, 0°, and 180° are output from the secondary output terminal d11, the secondary output terminal c10, the secondary output terminal b9, and the secondary output terminal a8 respectively. The 0° signal of the inner conductor of the secondary input terminal a4 and the 180° signal of the inner conductor of the secondary input terminal b5 pass through the quarter-wavelength short-circuit a7 branch and the quarter-wavelength short-circuit b6 branch respectively, and the 0° and 180° signals are output at the secondary output terminal b9 and the secondary output terminal c10; the signals of the outer conductor of the secondary input terminal a4 and the outer conductor of the secondary input terminal b5 are connected through the secondary output terminal a8 port and the secondary output terminal d11 port, and the phases of the output signals are 0° and 180°.

[0068] Furthermore, the metal cavity 12 is connected to the inner and outer conductors of the balun, and extends a quarter wavelength in the direction of the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z2 and the quarter-wavelength transmission line z14, the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a7 and the quarter-wavelength transmission line b23 (or the input end transmission line a18), and the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b6 and the quarter-wavelength transmission line c26 (or the input end transmission line b19), respectively, to form three metal cavity structures with a length of half a wavelength, and the three metal cavity structures are compactly spliced.

[0069] It should be noted that the contacting and connecting parts of the three metal cavity structures can be open and connected, or they can be non-connected for the mechanical strength of the cavity. However, in the present embodiment, the inner wall of the connecting part of the metal cavity structure in the metal cavity 12 is open, and the quarter wavelength is 7.3 mm, and the gap is 0.1 mm; the width of the cavity is 8.2 mm, and the height of the cavity is 8.2 mm.

[0070] At this time, since the short-circuit line is short-circuited with the rectangular cavity, the rapid dissipation of heat is promoted, so that the rapid conduction of heat can be achieved, which effectively solves the problem of heat accumulation in high-power applications and further improves the power capacity.

[0071] In addition, based on the above implementation mode, it is also necessary to supplementally explain that the right-angle corners of the rectangular coaxial line in the primary input terminal 1, the two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion 3, the secondary input terminal a4, the secondary input terminal b5, the secondary output terminal a8, the secondary output terminal b9, the secondary output terminal c10, and the secondary output terminal d11 are all cut, and the size of the cut angle is 1.4 times the width of the inner conductor, which is used to reduce the discontinuity of transmission.

[0072] In addition, based on the above implementation, it is also necessary to supplement that release holes are periodically etched on any transmission line used in the balun power divider, and support structures are periodically arranged on the transmission line to support the inner conductor of the rectangular coaxial line.

[0073] Based on the above specific implementation methods, the ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on the rectangular micro-coaxial process has the advantages of wide bandwidth, large power capacity, small amplitude phase deviation and small loss, and its processing method is as follows: the transmission line part is processed based on the rectangular micro-coaxial process, the wafer is etched to retain the required metal structure; the metal cavity 12 is processed using 3D printing technology; the two parts are processed separately, and finally the two parts are welded.

[0074] At this time, the micromachining technology based on rectangular micro-coaxial has the characteristics of low insertion loss and large power capacity. By implementing a corner cutting design on the corners of the rectangular coaxial line and periodically adding release holes and support structures on the transmission line, it can reduce the discontinuity in the signal transmission process and improve signal integrity. At the same time, it can enhance the mechanical stability of the inner conductor and extend the service life of the device.

[0075] Based on the above specific implementation methods, the following specific examples are provided for illustration.

[0076] The one-to-four balun power divider proposed in this example is modeled and simulated in the electromagnetic simulation software Anasys HFSS 2022. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in the S parameter simulation curve, it can be seen that the -10dB bandwidth of the power divider is 1.82GHz~18.89GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 164.8%, which can well cover the frequency band range of 2GHz~18GHz; the insertion loss in the range of 2GHz~18GHz is less than 6.52dB.

[0077] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in the example of the one-to-four balun power divider, the phase difference of the differential port is within 180°±0.4°, the phase difference of the co-directional port is within ±0.8°, and the amplitude difference is within ±0.1dB in the range of 2GHz to 18GHz.

[0078] Therefore, the amplitude and phase imbalance of the present invention is low. In the example, the amplitude difference is within ±0.1dB, the in-phase difference is within ±0.8°, and the differential phase difference is within 180°±0.4°.

[0079] The processing method used for the one-to-four balun power divider at this time is based on the micro-machining technology of rectangular micro-coaxial, which has the characteristics of low insertion loss and large power capacity. In the example, the insertion loss in the range of 2GHz to 18GHz is less than 6.52dB.

[0080] In summary, the present invention is mainly based on the micromachining process of rectangular micro-coaxial, and realizes a one-to-four balun power divider with compact structure, low loss, good port matching performance, and small amplitude and phase difference. The power divider is very suitable for modern wireless communication systems such as microwave instrumentation and electronic countermeasures.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0082] In addition, it should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0083] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or schemes that A and B meet at the same time. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" refers to more than two. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology, characterized in that: It includes a series Marchand balun, a parallel Marchand balun and a connecting feeder, wherein: The series-type Marchand balun and the parallel-type Marchand balun are both structures of multiple transmission lines and a metal cavity (12); The output end of the series Marchand balun is cascaded with the input end of the parallel Marchand balun; The series-type Marchand balun is defined as the first stage, which is used to split the input signal into two equal-power signals; The parallel Marchand balun is defined as the second stage, which is used to divide two equal-power signals into four equal-power signals; The series-type Marchand balun is provided with a primary input terminal (1), and the two sets of parallel-type Marchand baluns are respectively provided with a secondary input terminal a (4) and a secondary input terminal b (5); The parallel-type Marchand balun provided with a secondary input terminal a (4) is provided with a secondary output terminal a (8) and a secondary output terminal b (9); The parallel-type Marchand balun provided with a secondary input terminal b (5) is provided with a secondary output terminal c (10) and a secondary output terminal d (11); The first-level input end (1) is composed of a quarter-wavelength transmission line z (14) and an input feeder line (13); The primary input end (1) is connected to a parallel double wire (15) via a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z (2) and a group of outer conductors; the outer conductor of the primary input end (1) is connected to a metal cavity (12); the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z (2) of the primary input end (1) is connected to an inner wall of the metal cavity (12); the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z (2) and the outer conductor of the primary input end (1) have the same size; The series-type Marchand balun is provided with a two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion (3), and the two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion (3) is used to transition a parallel two-wire (15) having a differential impedance equal to the impedance value of the primary input end (1) to a first coaxial line (16) and a second coaxial line (17) having an impedance half the impedance value of the primary input end (1).

2. The ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the parallel type Marchand balun: The inner conductors of the secondary input terminal a (4) and the secondary input terminal b (5) are respectively connected to a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a (7) and a quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b (6); the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a (7), the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b (6), the outer conductor of the secondary input terminal a (4), and the outer conductor of the secondary input terminal b (5) are all short-circuited to the inner wall of the metal cavity (12); the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a (7), the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b (6) and the outer conductors of the secondary input terminal a (4) and the secondary input terminal b (5) are all of the same size; The secondary output terminal a (8), the secondary output terminal b (9), the secondary output terminal c (10), and the secondary output terminal d (11) are respectively composed of a section of a conventional transmission line a (22), a conventional transmission line b (24), a conventional transmission line c (25), a conventional transmission line d (27) and a section of a corresponding quarter-wavelength transmission line a (21), a quarter-wavelength transmission line b (23), a quarter-wavelength transmission line c (26), and a quarter-wavelength transmission line d (20); The transmission line impedance values ​​of the four secondary output terminals of the parallel-type Marchand balun are consistent with the impedance value of the primary input terminal (1); The secondary output end b (9) and the secondary output end c (10) are respectively connected to the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a (7) and the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b (6) and connected out; The inner conductors of the secondary input terminal a (4) and the secondary input terminal b (5) are respectively used to connect to the secondary output terminal a (8) and the secondary output terminal d (11) and output them.

3. The ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The metal cavity (12) is connected to the inner and outer conductors of the balun respectively, and extends a quarter wavelength in the direction of the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line z (2) and the quarter-wavelength transmission line z (14), the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line a (7) and the quarter-wavelength transmission line b (23), and the quarter-wavelength short-circuit line b (6) and the quarter-wavelength transmission line c (26), respectively, to form three metal cavity structures with a length of half a wavelength, and the three metal cavity structures are compactly spliced.

4. The ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion (3) is connected to four groups of quarter-wavelength transmission lines of the parallel-type Marchand balun via a secondary input terminal a (4) and a secondary input terminal b (5), and the impedance values ​​of the secondary input terminal a (4) and the secondary input terminal b (5) are respectively consistent with the first coaxial line (16) and the second coaxial line (17).

5. The ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The rectangular coaxial lines in the primary input terminal (1), the two-wire-to-coaxial line conversion (3), the secondary input terminal a (4), the secondary input terminal b (5), the secondary output terminal a (8), the secondary output terminal b (9), the secondary output terminal c (10), and the secondary output terminal d (11) are all cut at right angles, and the size of the cut angle is a specified multiple of the inner conductor width, so as to reduce transmission discontinuity.

6. The ultra-wideband one-to-four balun power divider based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Release holes are periodically etched on the transmission lines, and support structures are periodically arranged on the transmission lines for supporting the inner conductors of the rectangular coaxial lines.

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