A broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna, which forms an equivalent electric wall formed by a long strip metal sheet and a row of metallized vias to act on a dielectric resonator composed of two layers of high dielectric constant substrates and one layer of low dielectric constant substrate, thereby forming an equivalent TE capable of supporting dual-beam end-to-end radiation. 12δ mode and inverting TE 13δ mode, and can be excited by the T-strip structure to form a broadband and high-radiation-efficiency dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna. At the same time, the antenna has the characteristics of small size and simple structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a microwave communication device, in particular to a broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna. Background Art

[0002] Dielectric resonator antennas operate in dielectric resonance mode and can effectively solve the problem of decreased radiation efficiency caused by conductor loss at higher frequencies, such as millimeter wave bands. Applying dielectric resonators in the field of end-fire antennas to form dielectric resonator end-fire antennas can obtain radiation along the extension direction of the antenna structure while maintaining high radiation efficiency, so that they can be used in mobile terminals, satellite communications, radar detection and other fields. Dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antennas can cover multiple areas, thereby effectively overcoming multipath fading and interference effects, and are used to improve system capacity and communication link quality. However, narrowband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antennas cannot meet the requirements of high speed and high capacity in the 5G era, so it is necessary to explore broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antennas.

[0003] At present, dual-beam end-fire antennas are mainly metal-type antennas, and dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antennas are relatively rare. There are three main types of metal-type dual-beam end-fire antennas. The first is to add a periodic metamaterial structure in front of, on both sides of, and other positions of the end-fire dipole, and use a high refractive index to pull the electromagnetic waves to converge in two directions, thereby realizing dual-beam radiation. However, the addition of a large number of additional structures causes this type of antenna to have problems such as large size, high profile, and complex structure. The second is to use a substrate integrated waveguide power divider to excite a pair of anti-phase dipoles to achieve the basic dual-beam end-radiation function, and introduce a periodic structure in the front to improve the gain of the dual-beam antenna. Since two antennas and a feeding network are required, the overall size is relatively large. The third is to use snowflake-shaped and diamond-shaped metal radiators to obtain a pair of symmetrically distributed currents, thereby realizing dual-beam end-radiation, but the gain and radiation efficiency of this type of antenna are relatively low. The above dual-beam end-fire antennas are all metal antennas. Compared with the dual-beam end-fire antennas of the dielectric resonator type, they have relatively low efficiency in the millimeter wave band. In addition, the bandwidth of such antennas is narrow. Some antennas also have problems such as large planar size, high profile or complex structure. At present, there is only one design method for dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antennas, which is to excite the TE of the rectangular dielectric resonator through differential feeding. 13δ mode, and through the TE 13δ The mode field distribution is optimized so that the electric field half circles on both sides and the anti-phase electric field circle in the middle are canceled out in the far-field end-fire direction, forming dual-beam radiation. Although this method can achieve higher radiation efficiency, the bandwidth of the antenna is narrow. Therefore, it is necessary to design a dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna with wide-band response. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above-mentioned prior art, a broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna is proposed, which can obtain broadband dual-beam end-to-end radiation while maintaining high radiation efficiency, and has a small overall size and a simple structure.

[0005] Technical solution: A broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna, including a dielectric resonator and a feeding structure; the dielectric resonator is composed of two layers of high dielectric constant substrates and a layer of low dielectric constant substrate in the middle, and the center of the dielectric resonator is vertically loaded with an equivalent electric wall to form an anti-phase dielectric resonator as a whole, and the anti-phase dielectric resonator can support the equivalent TE of dual-beam end-radiation 12δ mode and inverting TE 13δ Mode; the feeding structure includes a T-shaped strip, when the signal is fed from the middle of the T-shaped strip, an inverted horizontal electric field can be formed to excite the two dual-beam end-to-end radiation modes of the inverted dielectric resonator.

[0006] Furthermore, the two layers of high dielectric constant substrates are in the shape of rectangular dielectric blocks and are symmetrical up and down; the dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant substrate is much greater than the dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant substrate.

[0007] Furthermore, the equivalent electrical wall includes four long metal sheets, which are respectively located between the low dielectric constant substrate and the two layers of high dielectric constant substrates, and on the outer surfaces of the two layers of high dielectric constant substrates; the four long metal sheets are of the same size and aligned with each other, and a row of metallized vias penetrates each substrate and each long metal sheet, and is connected to each long metal sheet.

[0008] Furthermore, the T-shaped strip is located on the upper surface of the low dielectric constant substrate, and one end of the long strip metal sheet on the same surface is connected to the top center of the T-shaped strip.

[0009] Beneficial effects: The existing dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna has a narrow bandwidth, and the metal dual-beam end-fire antenna not only has the problems of narrow bandwidth and low radiation efficiency, but also has the problems of large plane size, high profile or complex structure. The present invention uses the equivalent electric wall formed by the long strip metal sheet and a row of metallized vias to act on the dielectric resonator composed of two layers of high dielectric constant substrate and one layer of low dielectric constant substrate to form an equivalent TE that can support dual-beam end-to-end radiation. 12δ mode and inverting TE 13δ mode, and can be excited by the T-strip structure to form a broadband and high-radiation-efficiency dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna. At the same time, the antenna has the characteristics of small size and simple structure.

[0010] Specifically, four layers of long strip metal sheets of the same size are connected through a row of metallized vias to form an equivalent electrical wall. The equivalent electrical wall is located in the middle of a dielectric resonator composed of two layers of high dielectric constant substrates and one layer of low dielectric constant substrate, forming an anti-phase dielectric resonator as a whole, which can form an equivalent TE 12δ mode and inverting TE 13δ The high dielectric constant substrate of the anti-phase dielectric resonator is in the shape of a rectangular dielectric block and is symmetrical up and down. When the signal is fed from the middle of the T-shaped strip, an inverted horizontal electric field can be formed, which can stimulate the two dual-beam end-to-end radiation modes of the anti-phase dielectric resonator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the middle first layer metal structure of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the middle second layer metal structure of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the upward structure of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention, wherein (a) corresponds to 20.6 GHz (antenna without adding an equivalent electric wall), (b) corresponds to 24.3 GHz (antenna of the present invention), and (c) corresponds to 25.6 GHz (antenna of the present invention);

[0017] Figure 7 The simulated impedance matching and gain curve of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 8 It is a simulated radiation efficiency curve of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention;

[0019] Fig. 9 1 and 2 are the E-plane simulated radiation patterns of the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna of the present invention, wherein (a) corresponds to 21.1 GHz, (b) corresponds to 24.3 GHz, (c) corresponds to 25.6 GHz, and (d) corresponds to 27.8 GHz. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, a broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna includes a top metal structure 1, an upper dielectric substrate 2, a middle first metal structure 3, a middle dielectric substrate 4, a middle second metal structure 5, a lower dielectric substrate 6, a bottom metal structure 7 and a row of metallized vias 8.

[0022] The top metal structure 1 is composed of a long strip of metal sheet 11, with a corresponding length (x-axis direction) between 0.26λ0 and 0.3λ0, and a width (y-axis direction) between 0.03λ0 and 0.07λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

[0023] The upper dielectric substrate 2 is a rectangular dielectric block 21, whose length (y-axis direction) is between 0.76λ0 and 0.8λ0, and whose width (x-axis direction) is the same as the length of the long metal sheet 11. The top metal structure 1 is located at the center of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2, and the length direction of the long metal sheet 11 is consistent with the width direction of the rectangular dielectric block 21.

[0024] The first intermediate metal structure 3 includes a long metal sheet 31, a T-shaped strip 32 and a metal strip 33 connected in sequence. The size of the long metal sheet 31 is the same as that of the long metal sheet 11; the length of the first half of the line of the T-shaped strip 32 (in the y-axis direction) is between 0.4λ0 and 0.44λ0, the width (in the x-axis direction) is between 0.015λ0 and 0.019λ0, the length of the second half of the line (in the y-axis direction) is between 0.083λ0 and 0.087λ0, and the width (in the x-axis direction) is between 0.023λ0 and 0.027λ0. The first intermediate metal structure 3 is located between the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the intermediate dielectric substrate 4, one end of the long metal sheet 31 is connected to the midpoint of the first half of the length direction of the T-shaped strip 32, and one end of the metal strip 33 is connected to the midpoint of the second half of the length direction of the T-shaped strip 32.

[0025] The middle second metal structure 5 is located between the middle dielectric substrate 4 and the lower dielectric substrate 6. The middle second metal structure 5 is composed of a long strip metal sheet 51 and a metal ground 52. The size of the long strip metal sheet 51 is the same as that of the long strip metal sheet 11. The metal ground 52 is spaced apart from one end of the long strip metal sheet 11.

[0026] The lower dielectric substrate 6 is composed of a rectangular dielectric block 61 , which is equal in size to the rectangular dielectric block 21 and is aligned and arranged therewith.

[0027] The bottom metal structure 7 is provided with a long strip metal sheet 71 , which has the same size as the long strip metal sheet 11 .

[0028] The long metal sheets 11, 31, 51, 71 are aligned with each other (in the z-axis direction), and a row of metalized vias 8 penetrates the top metal structure 1 and the bottom metal structure 7 and is connected to the long metal sheets 11, 31, 51, 71 to form an equivalent electrical wall.

[0029] The metal strip 33, the middle dielectric substrate 4 and the metal ground 52 together form a 50Ω microstrip line. The metal strip 33, the T-shaped strip 32, the metal ground 52 and the middle dielectric substrate 4 together form a feeding structure. The rectangular dielectric blocks 21, 61 and the middle dielectric substrate 4 and the equivalent electric wall form an anti-phase dielectric resonator. The dielectric constants of the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 6 are much greater than the dielectric constant of the middle dielectric substrate 4.

[0030] For the broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna, the signal is fed from the feeding structure, passes through the T-strip 32, and excites the anti-phase dielectric resonator, and realizes broadband dual-beam end-to-end radiation under the action of the reflective metal ground 52. In this process, the T-strip 32, as a feeding structure, can generate horizontal electric field components of equal amplitude and anti-phase, which is convenient for exciting the mode supporting dual-beam radiation in the anti-phase dielectric resonator. When there is no equivalent electric wall in the dielectric resonator, there is an operating mode in the resonator. Although there is an anti-phase horizontal electric field, there is a large vertical electric field in the middle of the resonator, such as Figure 6 As shown in (a), because there is not enough anti-phase vertical electric field to cancel, this part of the electric field will form sideways radiation, which is not conducive to the dual-beam end-to-end radiation of the antenna.

[0031] When there is an equivalent electric wall in the dielectric resonator, that is, for the antenna of the present invention, the anti-phase dielectric resonator can excite two working modes through the T-shaped strip 32, which are equivalent TE 12δ mode and inverting TE 13δ Mode. Equivalent TE 12δ The field distribution of the mode is Figure 6 As shown in (b), due to the existence of the equivalent electric wall, the in-phase vertical electric field component in the middle is greatly weakened, so the vertically polarized edge radiation is effectively suppressed, while the anti-phase horizontal electric field components on both sides of the resonator can effectively support the horizontally polarized dual-beam end-to-end radiation. 13δ The field distribution of the mode is Figure 6 As shown in (c), due to the existence of the equivalent electric wall, the vertical electric field component is effectively offset and mainly distributed in the horizontal direction, so it can also support horizontally polarized dual-beam end-to-end radiation. With the support of two modes supporting dual-beam end-to-end radiation, the present invention can form a broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna, and because the radiation is formed in the dielectric resonator mode and there is no large amount of horizontal component offset, it has a higher radiation efficiency. In addition, in terms of the overall structure, the present invention is small in size and simple in structure.

[0032] A design example of the present invention is listed below, and its antenna structure schematic diagram is as follows: Figures 1 to 5 As shown in FIG. 7 , the dielectric substrate used in this embodiment is RO4003C, the radiator is RT6010 dielectric substrate, the horizontal dimension of the antenna is 1.07λ0, and the distance from the upper edge of the radiator to the metal ground is only 0.32λ0. The simulated impedance matching response and gain response curves of this embodiment are shown in FIG. Figure 7 It can be seen that the center frequency of this embodiment is 25.4 GHz, the operating frequency band covers 21.1-27.8 GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 27.4%, and the maximum gain within the operating frequency band is 6.2 dBi. Figure 8 is the radiation efficiency response curve of the antenna. The radiation efficiency within the working frequency band is relatively high, exceeding 95.3%. Fig. 9 The E-plane simulated radiation patterns of the antenna at 21.1 GHz, 24.3 GHz, 25.6 GHz and 27.8 GHz show that the antenna can maintain good dual-beam radiation, and the E-plane cross-polarization level is less than -12 dB.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband dual-beam dielectric resonator end-fire antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric resonator and a feeding structure; the dielectric resonator is composed of two layers of high dielectric constant substrates and a layer of low dielectric constant substrate in the middle; an equivalent electric wall is vertically loaded in the center of the dielectric resonator to form an anti-phase dielectric resonator as a whole; the anti-phase dielectric resonator can support the equivalent TE of dual-beam end-to-end radiation 12δ mode and inverting TE 13δ mode; the feeding structure includes a T-shaped strip, when the signal is fed from the middle of the T-shaped strip, an inverted horizontal electric field can be formed to excite two dual-beam end-to-end radiation modes of the inverted dielectric resonator; The layer structure of the antenna comprises a top metal structure (1), an upper dielectric substrate (2), a middle first metal structure (3), a middle dielectric substrate (4), a middle second metal structure (5), a lower dielectric substrate (6), and a bottom metal structure (7) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the top metal structure (1) is composed of a first long strip metal sheet (11); the upper dielectric substrate (2) is a first rectangular dielectric block (21); the top metal structure (1) is located at the center of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (2), and the length direction of the first long strip metal sheet (11) is consistent with the width direction of the first rectangular dielectric block (21); the middle first metal structure (3) comprises a second long strip metal sheet (11) connected in sequence; (31), a T-shaped strip (32) and a metal strip (33); one end of the second long strip metal sheet (31) is connected to the midpoint of the length direction of the front half of the T-shaped strip (32), and one end of the metal strip (33) is connected to the midpoint of the length direction of the rear half of the T-shaped strip (32); the middle second layer metal structure (5) is composed of a third long strip metal sheet (51) and a metal ground (52), and the metal ground (52) is spaced apart from one end of the third long strip metal sheet (51); the lower layer dielectric substrate (6) is composed of a second rectangular dielectric block (61), and the second rectangular dielectric block (61) and the first rectangular dielectric block (21) are equal in size and are aligned; the bottom layer metal structure (7) is provided with a fourth long strip metal sheet (71); The four long strip metal sheets have the same size and are aligned with each other; a row of metallized vias (8) penetrates the top metal structure (1) and the bottom metal structure (7) and is connected to the four long strip metal sheets to form an equivalent electric wall; the metal strip (33), the T-shaped strip (32), the metal ground (52) and the middle dielectric substrate (4) together form a feeding structure; the first rectangular dielectric block (21), the second rectangular dielectric block (61), the middle dielectric substrate (4) and the equivalent electric wall form an anti-phase dielectric resonator; The signal is fed in from the feeding structure, passes through the T-shaped strip (32), and excites the anti-phase dielectric resonator, thereby realizing broadband dual-beam end-to-end radiation under the action of the metal ground (52).

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