Method for managing supply of electrical energy in vehicle, control device and vehicle

Abstract

A method (100) of managing the supply of electrical energy in a vehicle (2) is disclosed, wherein the vehicle (2) comprises an electric propulsion system (8) and a high voltage electrical system (7) configured to provide electrical power to the electric propulsion system (8). The high voltage electrical system (7) further comprises a plurality of propulsion batteries (9) and an electrical connector (11). The method (100) comprises the steps of performing (130) pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system (7) when the electrical connector (11) is electrically connected to the external power source (30) and the plurality of propulsion batteries (9) are disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system (7), and then supplying (140) electrical power from the external power source (30) to at least one high-voltage vehicle component (5) of the vehicle (2). The disclosure also relates to a computer program, a computer readable medium (200), a control device (21) and a vehicle (2).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method of managing an electrical energy supply in a vehicle. The present disclosure further relates to a computer program, a computer readable medium, a control device and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] There are many advantages to using electric power for a vehicle, especially in terms of local emissions. Such vehicles include one or more electric propulsion motors configured to provide power to the vehicle. These types of vehicles can be classified as pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Pure electric vehicles, sometimes referred to as battery electric vehicles, electric-only vehicles, and all-electric vehicles, include a pure electric powertrain and do not include an internal combustion engine, and therefore do not produce emissions where they are used.

[0003] A hybrid electric vehicle includes two or more different types of power, such as an internal combustion engine and an electric propulsion system. The combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric propulsion system provides advantages with respect to energy efficiency, in part because internal combustion engines are less efficient at lower power output levels. In addition, some hybrid electric vehicles are able to operate in pure electric drive when needed, such as when driving in certain areas.

[0004] The electrical power is usually stored in a plurality of propulsion batteries, each comprising a plurality of rechargeable battery cells. A number of different types of battery cells are used, such as lithium-ion battery cells, lithium-polymer battery cells, and other types of rechargeable battery cells.

[0005] At least partially electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles) typically include a high-voltage electrical system and a low-voltage electrical system, wherein the high-voltage electrical system is configured to provide power from a propulsion battery to an electric propulsion system and multiple high-voltage vehicle components during operation of the vehicle, and the low-voltage system is configured to provide power to multiple low-voltage components of the vehicle.

[0006] The low voltage electrical system of a vehicle may be considered to be the electrical system of the vehicle having a nominal voltage within the so-called voltage class A (often abbreviated as VCA), i.e. a nominal voltage below 60 volts. The high voltage electrical system of a vehicle may be considered to be the electrical system of the vehicle having a nominal voltage within the so-called voltage class B (often abbreviated as VCB), i.e. a nominal voltage equal to or above 60 volts.

[0007] Typically, when the at least partially electric vehicle is not in use, the propulsion battery is disconnected from the high voltage electrical system to increase the safety of the system and avoid parasitic losses that could reduce the state of charge level of the propulsion battery.

[0008] As indicated above, at least partially electric vehicles may include a number of high voltage vehicle components powered via the vehicle's high voltage electrical system. Typically, these high voltage vehicle components are typically unusable if the propulsion battery is disconnected from the high voltage electrical system.

[0009] Battery cells are expensive, and large numbers of them are often required to ensure adequate usable operating range, system voltage, and power for the vehicle, especially in heavier types of pure electric vehicles. Thus, the cost of the propulsion battery can constitute a large portion of the final cost of an at least partially electric vehicle.

[0010] Furthermore, almost all types of battery cells have a finite lifespan, and the number of charge cycles of a battery cell has an impact on the lifespan of the battery cell beyond the mere passage of time.

[0011] Furthermore, sudden increases in current and voltage in an electrical system may compromise the reliability of the electrical system and may have an adverse effect on the life of the electrical system and electrical components in the electrical system. Summary of the invention

[0012] It is an object of the present invention to overcome or at least alleviate at least some of the above mentioned problems and disadvantages.

[0013] According to a first aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by a method of managing an electrical energy supply in a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises

[0014] An electric propulsion system for providing power to a vehicle, a plurality of high voltage vehicle components and an electrical system, wherein the electrical system includes:

[0015] a high voltage electrical system configured to provide electrical power to the electric propulsion system and a plurality of high voltage vehicle components during operation of the vehicle,

[0016] - Multiple propulsion batteries, and

[0017] - electrical connectors,

[0018] The method comprises the following steps: when the electrical connector is electrically connected to the external power source and the plurality of propulsion batteries are disconnected from the high voltage electrical system:

[0019] - Perform pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system, then

[0020] - supplying power from an external power source to at least one high-voltage vehicle component of a plurality of high-voltage vehicle components of the vehicle.

[0021] Thus, a method is provided that allows operating at least one high voltage vehicle component using power from an external power source in a simple, efficient and reliable manner while avoiding the need to connect multiple propulsion batteries to the high voltage electrical system.

[0022] In this way, the use of multiple propulsion batteries can be reduced while allowing flexible, reliable and energy-efficient operation of at least one high-voltage vehicle component using electrical energy from an external power source. By avoiding the need to connect multiple propulsion batteries to a high-voltage electrical system, negative impacts on the life of the multiple propulsion batteries can be avoided.

[0023] Furthermore, by performing pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system, inrush current during a power-up process of the high voltage electrical system is limited, which may increase lifespan of electrical components in the high voltage electrical system and may increase reliability of the high voltage electrical system.

[0024] Therefore, a method is provided which overcomes or at least mitigates at least some of the above problems and disadvantages.Accordingly, the above objects are achieved.

[0025] Optionally, the step of performing pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system comprises the following steps:

[0026] Precharging of the high voltage electrical system is performed by supplying electric power from an external power source to the high voltage electrical system.

[0027] Thus, pre-charging can be performed in a simple, fast, reliable and efficient manner without having to connect a plurality of propulsion batteries to the high-voltage electrical system.

[0028] Optionally, the electrical system of the vehicle comprises a low voltage electrical system for providing power to a plurality of low voltage vehicle components of the vehicle, a plurality of low voltage batteries connected to the low voltage electrical system, and a voltage converter, and wherein the step of performing pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system comprises the following steps:

[0029] - Pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system is performed by supplying electric power to the high-voltage electrical system from the low-voltage battery via a voltage converter.

[0030] Pre-charging can thus be performed in a simple, safe, reliable and efficient manner without having to connect a plurality of propulsion batteries to a high-voltage electrical system.

[0031] Optionally, the step of supplying power from an external power source to at least one high voltage vehicle component of the vehicle comprises the following steps: - operating the charging module in a voltage control mode, and - supplying power from the external power source to at least one high voltage vehicle component of the vehicle via the charging module.

[0032] Thus, a method is provided that allows stable and energy-efficient operation of at least one high-voltage vehicle component using electrical energy from an external power source. In addition, the voltage in the high-voltage electrical system can be kept substantially constant under varying loads of a plurality of high-voltage vehicle components by a charging module.

[0033] Optionally, the method comprises the following steps:

[0034] - during the step of supplying electrical power from the external power source to at least one high-voltage vehicle component of the vehicle, ensuring that the plurality of propulsion batteries are disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system.

[0035] Thus, the use of multiple propulsion batteries may be reduced to avoid negative impacts on the life of the multiple propulsion batteries, while allowing flexible, reliable and energy-efficient operation of at least one high-voltage vehicle component using electrical energy from an external power source.

[0036] Optionally, the method comprises the following steps:

[0037] - operating at least one high voltage vehicle component of the vehicle using the power supplied from the external power source.

[0038] Since the method comprises the steps of performing pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system and then supplying electrical power to at least one high-voltage vehicle component of the vehicle from an external power source, the at least one high-voltage vehicle component can be operated in a flexible, reliable and energy-efficient manner while avoiding the need to connect a plurality of propulsion batteries to the high-voltage electrical system.

[0039] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the object is achieved by a computer program comprising instructions, which, when the program is executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Since the computer program comprises instructions, which, when the program is executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform a method according to some embodiments, a computer program is provided for overcoming or at least alleviating the conditions of at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages. Therefore, the above-mentioned object is achieved.

[0040] According to a third aspect of the present invention, the object is achieved by a computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Since the computer-readable medium comprises instructions, which, when the program is executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform a method according to some embodiments, a computer-readable medium is provided, which provides conditions for overcoming or at least alleviating at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages. Therefore, the above-mentioned object is achieved.

[0041] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the object is achieved by a control device configured to manage the supply of electrical energy in a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises an electric propulsion system for providing power to the vehicle, a plurality of

[0042] High voltage vehicle components and electrical systems, where the electrical system includes:

[0043] a high voltage electrical system configured to provide electrical power to the electric propulsion system and a plurality of high voltage vehicle components during operation of the vehicle,

[0044] - Multiple propulsion batteries, and

[0045] - electrical connectors,

[0046] Wherein the control device is configured to: when the electrical connector is electrically connected to the external power source and the plurality of propulsion batteries are disconnected from the high voltage electrical system:

[0047] - Perform pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system, then

[0048] - supplying power from an external power source to at least one high-voltage vehicle component of a plurality of high-voltage vehicle components of the vehicle.

[0049] Thus, a control arrangement is provided which allows at least one high voltage vehicle component to be operated in an efficient manner using electrical power from an external power source, while avoiding the need to connect a plurality of propulsion batteries to the high voltage electrical system.

[0050] In this way, the use of multiple propulsion batteries can be reduced while allowing flexible, reliable and energy-efficient operation of at least one high-voltage vehicle component using electrical energy from an external power source. By avoiding the need to connect multiple propulsion batteries to a high-voltage electrical system, negative impacts on the life of the multiple propulsion batteries can be avoided.

[0051] Furthermore, by performing pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system, inrush current during a power-up process of the high voltage electrical system is limited, which may increase lifespan of electrical components in the high voltage electrical system and may increase reliability of the high voltage electrical system.

[0052] Therefore, a control device is provided which overcomes or at least mitigates at least some of the above problems and disadvantages.Accordingly, the above objects are achieved.

[0053] It should be understood that the various embodiments described for the method can be combined with the control device as described herein. That is, the control device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention can be configured to perform any of the method steps of the method according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0054] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a vehicle comprising an electric propulsion system for providing power to the vehicle, a plurality of high voltage vehicle components and an electrical system, wherein the electrical system comprises:

[0055] a high voltage electrical system configured to provide electrical power to the electric propulsion system and a plurality of high voltage vehicle components during operation of the vehicle,

[0056] - Multiple propulsion batteries,

[0057] - electrical connectors, and

[0058] a control device configured to: when the electrical connector is electrically connected to the external power source and the plurality of propulsion batteries are disconnected from the high voltage electrical system:

[0059] - Perform pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system, then

[0060] - supplying power from an external power source to at least one high-voltage vehicle component of a plurality of high-voltage vehicle components of the vehicle.

[0061] Thus, a vehicle is provided that allows at least one high voltage vehicle component to be operated in an efficient manner using electrical power from an external power source, while avoiding the need to connect multiple propulsion batteries to the high voltage electrical system.

[0062] In this way, the use of multiple propulsion batteries can be reduced while allowing flexible, reliable and energy-efficient operation of at least one high-voltage vehicle component using electrical energy from an external power source. By avoiding the need to connect multiple propulsion batteries to a high-voltage electrical system, negative impacts on the life of the multiple propulsion batteries can be avoided.

[0063] Furthermore, by performing pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system, inrush current during a power-up process of the high voltage electrical system is limited, which may increase lifespan of electrical components in the high voltage electrical system and may increase reliability of the high voltage electrical system.

[0064] Hence, a vehicle is provided which overcomes or at least mitigates at least some of the above problems and disadvantages. Hence, the above objects are achieved.

[0065] Optionally, the high voltage electrical system comprises a DC link, and wherein the control device is configured to perform pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system by supplying power to the DC link.Thereby, the high voltage electrical system can be pre-charged in a simple and efficient manner.

[0066] Optionally, the electrical connector forms part of a charging interface for charging the plurality of propulsion batteries, thereby allowing at least one high voltage vehicle component to be operated in an efficient manner using power from an external power source while avoiding the need to connect the plurality of propulsion batteries to the high voltage electrical system.

[0067] Optionally, the plurality of high voltage vehicle components include one or more of the following:

[0068] - power output components,

[0069] - Air conditioning components,

[0070] - Air compressor,

[0071] - servo pump,

[0072] -DC / DC converters, and

[0073] -Motor.

[0074] Thus, provision is made for operating one or more of such high voltage vehicle components in an efficient manner using electrical power from an external power source, whilst avoiding the need to connect multiple propulsion batteries to the high voltage electrical system.

[0075] Further features of, and advantages with, the present invention will become apparent when studying the appended claims and the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] Various aspects of the present invention, including particular features and advantages thereof, will be readily understood from the exemplary embodiments discussed in the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which:

[0077] Figure 1 schematically illustrates a vehicle according to some embodiments,

[0078] Figure 2 Schematically shows Figure 1 The electric propulsion system and electrical system of the vehicle shown,

[0079] Figure 3 Schematically shows 1 according to some other embodiments Figure 1 The electric propulsion system and electrical system of the vehicle shown,

[0080] Figure 4 A method of managing electrical energy supply in a vehicle is schematically shown, and

[0081] Figure 5 Computer readable media are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] Aspects of the present invention will now be described more fully. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. For the sake of brevity and / or clarity, well-known functions or constructions need not be described in detail.

[0083] Figure 1 A vehicle 2 according to some embodiments is schematically illustrated. According to the illustrated embodiment, the vehicle 2 is a truck, i.e., a type of heavy road vehicle. According to further embodiments, as mentioned herein, the vehicle 2 may be another type of manned or unmanned vehicle for land-based propulsion, such as a truck, bus, construction vehicle, tractor, car, etc.

[0084] The vehicle 2 includes an electric propulsion system 8 for providing power to the vehicle 2. According to the illustrated embodiment, the electric propulsion system 8 is configured to provide power to the vehicle 2 via wheels 44 of the vehicle 2. The vehicle 2 also includes a plurality of propulsion batteries 9 configured to provide power to the electric propulsion system 8 during operation of the vehicle 2.

[0085] Figure 2 Schematically shows Figure 1 The electric propulsion system 8 and the electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 are shown. In the following, unless otherwise indicated, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0086] According to the illustrated embodiment, the electric propulsion system 8 includes an electric propulsion motor 20. The electric propulsion motor 20 of the electric propulsion system 8 is configured to provide power to the vehicle 2 via wheels 44 of the vehicle 2. The electric propulsion motor 20 may also be referred to as an electric propulsion machine or the like.

[0087] According to the embodiment shown, the electric propulsion system 8 is a pure electric propulsion system and does not include an internal combustion engine. According to further embodiments, as mentioned herein, the electric propulsion system 8 may be a so-called hybrid electric propulsion system that includes an internal combustion engine in addition to the electric propulsion motor 20 for providing power to the vehicle 2.

[0088] exist Figure 2 , the electric propulsion system 8 is shown as including one electric propulsion motor 20. However, the electric propulsion system 8 may include more than one electric propulsion motor 20. According to the illustrated embodiment, the electric propulsion system 8 includes a transmission 19. The transmission 19 is configured to transfer power between the electric propulsion motor 20 and one or more wheels 44 of the vehicle 2.

[0089] The electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 includes a plurality of propulsion batteries 9. The plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are configured to supply power to the electric propulsion motor 20 during operation of the vehicle 2. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the vehicle 2 is shown as including one propulsion battery 9. However, as indicated herein, the vehicle 2 may include a greater number of propulsion batteries 9, such as a number between two and twelve, or a number between two and thirty. Each propulsion battery 9 may also be referred to as a propulsion battery pack, wherein the propulsion battery pack may include a plurality of propulsion battery modules, each propulsion battery module including a plurality of battery cells, such as lithium-ion battery cells, lithium polymer battery cells, nickel metal hydride battery cells, etc.

[0090] The electric propulsion motor 20 includes a rotor 22 and a stator 24. The electric propulsion motor 20 is capable of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of rotation of the rotor 22. In addition, the electric propulsion motor 20 may be capable of converting mechanical energy in the form of rotation of the rotor 22 into electrical energy that may be stored, for example, in a plurality of propulsion batteries 9. In this way, the electric propulsion motor 20 may provide regenerative braking of the vehicle 2.

[0091] According to the illustrated embodiment, the electric propulsion system 8 comprises a power module 31 including power electronics. The power module 31 is configured to control the amount of power supplied from the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 to the electric propulsion motor 20.

[0092] One of the stator 24 and the rotor 22 may include a plurality of permanent magnets, and the other of the stator 24 and the rotor 22 may include wire windings. Due to the magnetic interaction between the wire windings and the permanent magnets, the alternating current passed through the wire windings by the power module 31 may cause torque to be applied to the rotor 22. During operation of the electric propulsion system 8, the current passing through the wire windings may alternate in a manner that follows the rotation of the rotor 22. In this way, a continuous torque may be applied to the rotor 22 during its rotation.

[0093] The electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 includes a high-voltage electrical system 7. The high-voltage electrical system 7 is configured to provide power to an electric propulsion system 8 and a plurality of high-voltage vehicle components 5 during operation of the vehicle 2. That is, in more detail, the high-voltage electrical system 7 is configured to provide power to the electric propulsion system 8 and a plurality of high-voltage vehicle components 5 from a plurality of propulsion batteries 9 during travel of the vehicle 2.

[0094] According to the embodiments herein, the high voltage electrical system 7 has a nominal voltage within the so-called voltage class B (usually abbreviated as VCB), i.e. a nominal voltage equal to or higher than 60 volts. Therefore, the high voltage electrical system 7 may also be referred to as a VCB electrical system of the vehicle 2. Likewise, the plurality of high voltage vehicle components 5 may also be referred to as a plurality of VCB components.

[0095] According to the illustrated embodiment, the vehicle 2 is shown to include one high-voltage vehicle component 5. However, the vehicle 2 may include significantly more high-voltage vehicle components 5. The plurality of high-voltage vehicle components 5 may, for example, include one or more of a power output component, an air conditioning component, an air compressor, a servo pump, a DC / DC converter, a motor, and the like.

[0096] The electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 includes a plurality of connection devices 29 capable of connecting and disconnecting the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 to and from the high-voltage electrical system 7. The plurality of connection devices 29 may include one or more contactors, power electronic switches, etc. When the vehicle 2 is not in use, the plurality of connection devices 29 may be controlled to disconnect the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 from the high-voltage electrical system 7. In this way, the safety of the vehicle 2 may be increased, and parasitic losses of the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 may be avoided.

[0097] The electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 further comprises an electrical connector 11 which is configured to receive power from an external power source 30, such as an external power grid. According to the embodiment shown, the electrical connector 11 forms part of a charging interface for charging the plurality of propulsion batteries 9. In more detail, according to Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the electrical connector 11 is configured to be electrically connected to an external power source 30 via a charging module 23 and a power supply cable 33 .

[0098] exist Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the charging module 23 is an external charging module 23 electrically connected to an external power source 30. In other words, according to Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the electrical connector 11 is configured to be electrically connected to an external power source 30 via a charging module 23 and receive power from the external power source. The charging module 23 may also be referred to as a propulsion battery charger, a propulsion battery charging station, etc. According to the embodiment shown, the charging module 23 is configured to receive alternating current AC from the external power source 30, and is configured to convert the alternating current AC into direct current DC, which is supplied to the electrical connector 11 via a power supply cable 33.

[0099] The electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 further comprises a control device 21. The control device 21 is configured to manage the electrical energy supply in the vehicle 2 as further explained herein.

[0100] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the control device 21 is configured to perform pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 and then supply power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 when the electrical connector 11 is electrically connected to the external power source 30 and the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system 7. Thus, a control device 21 is provided that allows the at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 to be operated in an efficient manner using power from the external power source 30 while avoiding the need to connect the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 to the high-voltage electrical system 7.

[0101] In this way, the use of multiple propulsion batteries 9 can be reduced while allowing flexible, reliable and energy-efficient operation of at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 using electrical energy from the external power source 30. By avoiding the need to connect multiple propulsion batteries 9 to the high-voltage electrical system 7, negative impacts on the life of the multiple propulsion batteries 9 can be avoided.

[0102] In addition, by performing pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7, the inrush current during the power-on process of the high-voltage electrical system 7 is limited, which can increase the life of the electronic components in the high-voltage electrical system 7 and can increase the reliability of the high-voltage electrical system 7. In addition, pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 can reduce electrical hazards that may occur if the integrity of the high-voltage electrical system 7 is compromised due to hardware damage or failure. In addition, the occurrence of arc flash can be reduced by pre-charging the high-voltage electrical system 7.

[0103] As mentioned herein, the pre-charge of the high voltage electrical system 7 can be performed by limiting the peak current output from the pre-charge power supply by slowing down dV / dT (i.e., by slowing down the time rate of change of the voltage). The value of dV / dT can be given in volts per second. In this way, during pre-charging, the system voltage of the high voltage electrical system 7 will rise slowly and controllably, wherein the power-on current will never exceed the maximum allowed current. When the circuit voltage of the high voltage electrical system 7 approaches a steady state, the control device 21 can terminate the pre-charge. According to some embodiments, the control device 21 can be configured to terminate the pre-charge when the circuit voltage of the high voltage electrical system 7 reaches a specific voltage, such as when the circuit voltage of the high voltage electrical system 7 reaches a specific percentage of the operating voltage of the high voltage electrical system 7 (e.g., 80% to 98% of the operating voltage of the high voltage electrical system 7).

[0104] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the control device 21 may be configured to detect whether the electrical connector 11 is electrically connected to the external power source 30, and detect whether the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system 7, and if so, perform pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7, and then supply power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2.

[0105] The control device 21 may be configured to detect whether the electrical connector 11 is electrically connected to the external power source 30 by monitoring the charge of the electrical connector 11 or other parts of the high-voltage electrical system 7. In addition, the control device 21 may detect whether the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system 7 by monitoring the states of the plurality of connection devices 29 and / or by monitoring the charge of a part of the high-voltage electrical system 7.

[0106] According to some embodiments described herein, the control device 21 can be configured to supply voltage to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 at a voltage level that at least substantially corresponds to the operating voltage of the high-voltage electrical system 7 after terminating pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7.

[0107] According to the illustrated embodiment, the high-voltage electrical system 7 comprises a DC link 27. According to these embodiments, as further explained herein, the control device 21 is configured to perform a pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 by supplying power to the DC link 27. Furthermore, according to these embodiments, the control device 21 is configured to supply voltage to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 by supplying voltage to the DC link 27 at a voltage level at least substantially corresponding to the operating voltage of the high-voltage electrical system 7 after terminating the pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7.

[0108] According to some embodiments, the control device 21 is configured to perform pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 by supplying power from the external power source 30 to the high-voltage electrical system 7. Thus, pre-charging can be performed in a simple, reliable and efficient manner without having to connect a plurality of propulsion batteries 9 to the high-voltage electrical system 7.

[0109] according to Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 includes a low voltage electrical system 13. The low voltage electrical system 13 is configured to provide power to a plurality of low voltage vehicle components 15 of the vehicle 2. The electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 also includes a plurality of low voltage batteries 19 connected to the low voltage electrical system 13.

[0110] According to the embodiments herein, the low voltage electrical system 13 has a nominal voltage within the so-called voltage class A (usually abbreviated as VCA), i.e., a nominal voltage below 60 volts. Therefore, the low voltage electrical system 13 may also be referred to as a VCA electrical system of the vehicle 2. Likewise, the plurality of low voltage vehicle components 15 may also be referred to as a plurality of VCA components.

[0111] According to the illustrated embodiment, the vehicle 2 is shown as including one low-voltage vehicle component 15. However, the vehicle 2 may include significantly more low-voltage vehicle components 15. Purely by way of example, the plurality of low-voltage vehicle components 15 may include, for example, one or more of a lighting component, a driver assistance component installed in the driver environment 60 of the vehicle 2, an air conditioning component, an air compressor, a servo pump, a DC / DC converter, and the like.

[0112] according to Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 includes a voltage converter 17. The voltage converter 17 is connected to the low-voltage electrical system 13 and the high-voltage electrical system 7. The voltage converter 17 may also be referred to as a DC / DC converter. According to these embodiments, the control device 21 can perform pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 by supplying power from the low-voltage battery 19 to the high-voltage electrical system 7 via the voltage converter 17. The voltage converter 17 is configured to increase the voltage input from the low-voltage battery 19 to a voltage that is at or close to the operating voltage of the high-voltage electrical system 7. In this way, pre-charging can be performed in a simple, reliable and efficient manner without having to connect a plurality of propulsion batteries 9 to the high-voltage electrical system 7.

[0113] According to some embodiments, the control device 21 may be configured to operate the charging module 23 in the voltage control mode after performing pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7, and then supply power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 via the charging module 23. According to these embodiments, the control device 21 may be configured to output a voltage set point to the charging module 23. The voltage set point may represent a voltage set point value that at least substantially corresponds to the operating voltage of the high-voltage electrical system 7.

[0114] In this way, at least one high voltage vehicle component 5 can be operated in a stable and energy-efficient manner using electrical energy from the external power source 30. In addition, the voltage in the high voltage electrical system 7 can be kept substantially constant by the charging module 23 under varying loads of the plurality of high voltage vehicle components 5.

[0115] According to some embodiments, the control device 21 may operate at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 using power supplied from the external power source 30. In addition, the control device 21 may ensure that during the supply of power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2,

[0116] The plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are disconnected from the high voltage electrical system 7. Furthermore, the control device 21 may ensure that the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are disconnected from the high voltage electrical system 7 during operation of at least one high voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 using power supplied from the external power source 30.

[0117] Figure 3 Schematically shows Figure 1 An electric propulsion system 8 of a vehicle 2 is shown, and an electrical system 3 according to some further embodiments. Figure 1 The vehicle 2 shown may include Figure 3 The electrical system 3 of the embodiment shown. Figure 3 The electrical system 3 shown includes Figure 2 The electrical system 3 shown has the same features, functions and advantages, with some differences explained below. In the following, if not otherwise indicated, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 3 .

[0118] according to Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the charging module 23 ′ is included in the electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 . Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the charging module 23 ′ is included in the vehicle 2 and is arranged on board the vehicle.

[0119] Also in these embodiments, the electrical connector 11 forms part of a charging interface for charging the plurality of propulsion batteries 9. However, in these embodiments, the electrical connector 11 is arranged on the charging module 23' and / or is permanently connected to the charging module. In addition, the electrical connector 11 can be connected to an external power source 30 using a cable 33'. The external power source 30 can be configured to supply alternating current AC, wherein the alternating current AC is supplied to the electrical connector 11 via the cable 33', and wherein the charging module 23' is configured to convert the alternating current AC into direct current DC.

[0120] Also in these embodiments, the control device 21 can use the power supplied from the electrical connector 11 to perform pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system 7. Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, power may be supplied from the electrical connector 11 via the charging module 23 ′ during the pre-charging process.

[0121] Furthermore, also in these embodiments, the control device 21 may be configured to operate the charging module 23 ′ in the voltage control mode and then supply power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 via the charging module 23 ′.

[0122] Figure 4 A method 100 for managing electrical energy supply in a vehicle is schematically shown. The vehicle may be based on Figure 1 The vehicle 2 of the embodiment shown. In addition, the vehicle 2 may include Figure 2 The electrical system 3 of the embodiment shown or according to Figure 3Therefore, in the following, unless otherwise indicated, reference is made to Figures 1 to 4 .

[0123] The method 100 is a method of managing electrical energy supply in a vehicle 2, wherein the vehicle 2 comprises an electric propulsion system 8 for providing power to the vehicle 2, a plurality of high voltage vehicle components 5 and an electrical system 3, wherein the electrical system 3 comprises:

[0124] a high-voltage electrical system 7 configured to provide electrical power to an electric propulsion system 8 and to a plurality of high-voltage vehicle components 5 during operation of the vehicle 2 ,

[0125] - a plurality of propulsion batteries 9, and

[0126] - an electrical connector 11, wherein the method 100 comprises the following steps: when the electrical connector 11 is electrically connected to the external power source 30 and the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are disconnected from the high voltage electrical system 7:

[0127] - Perform 130 pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system 7, then

[0128] Supplying 140 electrical power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 .

[0129] like Figure 4 As indicated, the method 100 may comprise the following steps: before performing 130 the step of precharging the high-voltage electrical system 7 and the step of supplying 140 power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 :

[0130] - detecting 110 whether the electrical connector 11 is electrically connected to an external power source 30, and

[0131] - Detecting whether the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are disconnected from the high voltage electrical system 7 .

[0132] In addition, if Figure 4 As indicated, the step of performing 130 pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system 7 may comprise the following steps:

[0133] A pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 is performed 132 by supplying electric power to the high-voltage electrical system 7 from the external power source 30 .

[0134] According to some embodiments, the electrical system 3 of the vehicle 2 includes a low-voltage electrical system 13 for providing power to multiple low-voltage vehicle components 15 of the vehicle 2, multiple low-voltage batteries 19 connected to the low-voltage electrical system 13, and a voltage converter 17, and wherein the step of performing 130 pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 includes the following steps: - performing 134 pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 by supplying power from the low-voltage battery 19 to the high-voltage electrical system 7 via the voltage converter 17.

[0135] According to some embodiments, the high voltage electrical system 7 comprises a DC link 27, and wherein the step of performing 130 pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system 7 comprises the following steps:

[0136] A pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system 7 is performed 136 by supplying electric power to the DC link 27 .

[0137] like Figure 4 As indicated, method 100 may include the following steps:

[0138] - When the circuit voltage of the high-voltage electrical system 7 reaches a predetermined voltage level, the pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system 7 is terminated 138 .

[0139] In addition, if Figure 4 As indicated, the step of supplying 140 power from the external power source 30 to at least one high voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 may include the following steps:

[0140] Supplying 141 a voltage to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 at a voltage level at least substantially corresponding to an operating voltage of the high-voltage electrical system 7 .

[0141] like Figure 4 As indicated, the step of supplying 140 power from the external power source 30 to at least one high voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 may include the following steps:

[0142] - operating 140' the charging module 23, 23' in a voltage control mode, and

[0143] Supplying 142 electrical power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 via the charging module 23 , 23 ′.

[0144] The step of causing 140' the charging module 23, 23' to operate in a voltage control mode may include the following steps:

[0145] - Output 140" voltage set point to charging modules 23, 23'.

[0146] According to some embodiments, the high voltage electrical system 7 comprises a DC link 27 and wherein the step of supplying 140 power from the external power source 30 to at least one high voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 may comprise the following steps:

[0147] - supplies 144 electrical power to the DC link 27 of the high voltage electrical system 7 .

[0148] In addition, if Figure 4 As indicated, method 100 may include the following steps:

[0149] During the step of supplying 140 electrical power from the external power source 30 to at least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 , it is ensured 146 that the plurality of propulsion batteries 9 are disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system 7 .

[0150] In addition, if Figure 4 As indicated, method 100 may include the following steps:

[0151] At least one high-voltage vehicle component 5 of the vehicle 2 is operated 150 using the electric power supplied from the external power source 30 .

[0152] It should be understood that the various embodiments described for the method 100 can be combined with the control device 21 as described herein. That is, the control device 21 can be configured to perform any of the method steps 110, 120, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140', 140", 140, 142, 144, 146 and 150 of the method 100.

[0153] Figure 5 A computer-readable medium 200 is shown comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method 100 according to some embodiments.

[0154] According to some embodiments, the computer readable medium 200 comprises a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method 100 according to some embodiments. Figures 1 to 5 .

[0155] As mentioned herein, the control device 21 may be included in the vehicle 2 and may be operably connected to one or more components of the vehicle 2 and the charging modules 23, 23' to perform Figure 4 The method 100 is shown. Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the control device 21 is shown as being operably connected to the DC link 27 of the high voltage electrical system 7. However, as indicated above, the control device 21 may

[0156] Operably connected to one or more further components and / or systems of the vehicle 2, such as the electrical system 3, the high voltage electrical system 7, the low voltage electrical system 13, one or more components of the electrical system 3, one or more components of the high voltage electrical system 7, one or more components of the low voltage electrical system 13, a plurality of propulsion batteries 9, a connection device 29, a voltage converter 17, a plurality of high voltage vehicle components 5 and an electrical connector 11.

[0157] The skilled person will appreciate that the method 100 for managing the electrical energy supply in the vehicle 2 can be implemented by programming instructions. These programming instructions usually consist of a computer program which, when executed in the control device 21, ensures that the control device 21 performs the desired control, such as the method steps 110, 120, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140', 140", 140, 141, 142, 144, 146 and 150 described herein. The computer program is usually part of a computer program product 200, which includes a suitable digital storage medium on which the computer program is stored.

[0158] The control device 21 may include a computing unit, which may take the form of essentially any suitable type of processor circuit or microcomputer, such as a circuit for digital signal processing (digital signal processor DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a processing unit, a processing circuit, a processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a microprocessor, or other processing logic that can interpret and execute instructions. The expression "computing unit" as used herein may refer to a processing circuit system including a plurality of processing circuits, such as, for example, any, some or all of the processing circuits described above.

[0159] The control device 21 may also include a memory unit, wherein the computing unit can be connected to the memory unit, which memory unit can provide the computing unit with, for example, stored program code and / or stored data that the computing unit may need to enable it to perform calculations. The computing unit can also be adapted to store partial results or final results of the calculations in the memory unit. The memory unit may include a physical device for temporarily or permanently storing data or programs (i.e., instruction sequences). According to some embodiments, the memory unit may include an integrated circuit, which includes silicon-based transistors. In different embodiments, the memory unit may include, for example, a memory card, a flash memory, a USB memory, a hard disk, or another similar volatile or non-volatile storage unit for storing data, such as, for example, a ROM (read-only memory), a PROM

[0160] (Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable PROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM), etc.

[0161] The control device 21 can be connected to the components of the vehicle 2 and the charging modules 23, 23' for receiving and / or sending input and output signals. These input and output signals may include waveforms, pulses or other properties of signals that can be detected as information by the input signal receiving device and can be converted into signals that can be processed by the control device 21. Then, these signals can be supplied to the computing unit. One or more output signal sending devices can be arranged to convert the calculation results from the computing unit into output signals for transmission to other parts of the vehicle control system and / or one or more components to which the signals are directed. Each connection for receiving and sending input and output signals can take the form of one or more of a cable, a data bus (such as a CAN (controller area network) bus, a MOST (media oriented system transmission) bus or some other bus configuration) or a wireless connection.

[0162] In the embodiment shown, the vehicle 2 comprises a control device 21 , but may alternatively be implemented in whole or in part in two or more control devices or in two or more control units.

[0163] The control system in a modern vehicle typically includes a communication bus system that includes one or more communication buses for connecting multiple electronic control units (ECUs) or controllers to various components on the vehicle. Such a control system may include a large number of control units, and it is noted that certain functions may be shared between two or more of them. Therefore, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, vehicles of the type of concern here are typically provided with more than Figure 2 and Figure 3 There are significantly more controls than those depicted in FIG.

[0164] The computer program product 200 may be provided, for example, in the form of a data carrier carrying a computer program code for executing at least some of the method steps 110, 120, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140', 140", 140, 141, 142, 144, 146 and 150 according to some embodiments when loaded into one or more computing units of the control device 21. The data carrier may be, for example, a CD ROM disk (e.g. Figure 5 as shown) or ROM (read-only memory), PROM (programmable read-only memory), EPROM (erasable PROM), flash memory, EEPROM (electrically erasable PROM), hard disk, memory stick, optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any other suitable medium that can hold machine-readable data in a non-transitory manner, such as a disk or tape.

[0165] The computer program product may also be provided as computer program code on a server and may be downloaded to the control device 21 remotely, for example over an Internet or intranet connection or via other wired or wireless communication systems.

[0166] It should be understood that the above is an illustration of various exemplary embodiments, and the present invention is limited only by the appended independent claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the exemplary embodiments may be modified without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended independent claims, and that different features of the exemplary embodiments may be combined to produce embodiments other than those described herein.

[0167] As used herein, the terms "comprising" and "comprises" are open ended and include one or more stated features, elements, steps, components or functions, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, components, functions or groups thereof.

[0168] As used herein, the term "substantially constant" may encompass a variation of less than 10% in the referenced aspect.

[0169] As used herein, the term "substantially corresponds to" may encompass that the mentioned aspects or measurements deviate from each other by less than 10%.

Claims

1. A method (100) of managing electrical energy supply in a vehicle (2), wherein the vehicle (2) comprises an electric propulsion system (8) for providing power to the vehicle (2), a plurality of high voltage vehicle components (5) and an electrical system (3), wherein the electrical system (3) comprises: a high voltage electrical system (7) configured to provide electrical power to the electric propulsion system (8) and the plurality of high voltage vehicle components (5) during operation of the vehicle (2), - a plurality of propulsion batteries (9), and - an electrical connector (11), The method (100) comprises the following steps: when the electrical connector (11) is electrically connected to an external power source (30) and the plurality of propulsion batteries (9) are disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system (7): - performing (130) pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system (7), and then - supplying (140) power from the external power source (30) to at least one high-voltage vehicle component (5) of the vehicle (2).

2. The method (100) according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing (130) the pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system (7) comprises the following steps: - said pre-charging of said high voltage electrical system (7) is performed (132) by supplying electric power from said external power source (30) to said high voltage electrical system (7).

3. The method (100) according to claim 1, wherein the electrical system (3) of the vehicle (2) comprises a low-voltage electrical system (13) for providing power to a plurality of low-voltage vehicle components (15) of the vehicle (2), a plurality of low-voltage batteries (19) connected to the low-voltage electrical system (13), and a voltage converter (17), and wherein the step of performing (130) the pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system (7) comprises the following steps: - said pre-charging of the high voltage electrical system (7) is performed (134) by supplying electric power from the low voltage battery (19) to the high voltage electrical system (7) via the voltage converter (17).

4. The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the step of supplying (140) electrical power from the external power source (30) to at least one high voltage vehicle component (5) of the vehicle (2) comprises the following steps: - operating (140') a charging module (23, 23') in a voltage control mode, and - supplying (142) power from the external power source (30) to at least one high-voltage vehicle component (5) of the vehicle (2) via the charging module (23, 23').

5. The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method (100) comprises the following steps: - during said step of supplying (140) electrical power from said external power source (30) to at least one high-voltage vehicle component (5) of said vehicle (2), ensuring (146) that said plurality of propulsion batteries (9) are disconnected from said high-voltage electrical system (7).

6. The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method (100) comprises the following steps: - operating (150) the at least one high voltage vehicle component (5) of the vehicle (2) using the electric power supplied from the external power source (30).

7. A computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer-readable medium (200) comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A control device (21) configured to manage the supply of electrical energy in a vehicle (2), wherein the vehicle (2) comprises an electric propulsion system (8) for providing power to the vehicle (2), a plurality of high voltage vehicle components (5) and an electrical system (3), wherein the electrical system (3) comprises: a high voltage electrical system (7) configured to provide electrical power to the electric propulsion system (8) and the plurality of high voltage vehicle components (5) during operation of the vehicle (2), - a plurality of propulsion batteries (9), and - an electrical connector (11), The control device (21) is configured to: when the electrical connector (11) is electrically connected to an external power source (30) and the plurality of propulsion batteries (9) are disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system (7): - perform pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system (7), and then - supply power from the external power source (30) to at least one high-voltage vehicle component (5) of the vehicle (2).

10. A vehicle (2), comprising an electric propulsion system (8) for providing power to the vehicle (2), a plurality of high voltage vehicle components (5) and an electrical system (3), wherein the electrical system (3) comprises: a high voltage electrical system (7) configured to provide electrical power to the electric propulsion system (8) and the plurality of high voltage vehicle components (5) during operation of the vehicle (2), - a plurality of propulsion batteries (9), - an electrical connector (11), and - A control device (21) according to claim 9.

11. The vehicle (2) according to claim 10, wherein the high-voltage electrical system (7) comprises a DC link (27), and wherein the control device (21) is configured to perform the pre-charging of the high-voltage electrical system (7) by supplying power to the DC link (27).

12. The vehicle (2) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the electrical connector (11) forms part of a charging interface for charging the plurality of propulsion batteries (9).

13. The vehicle (2) according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the plurality of high voltage vehicle components (5) comprises one or more of the following: - power output components, - Air conditioning components, - Air compressor, - servo pump, -DC / DC converters, and -Motor.

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