Lens design for full duplex communication

Abstract

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for lens design for full duplex communications. In some aspects, a device can use a lens design that enables full-duplex operation through a lens by facilitating avoidance or mitigation of self-interference during full-duplex operation. The lens can have a first antenna-facing surface and a second outwardly-facing surface, and in order to avoid or mitigate self-interference due to reflection from the lens, the first surface can have a first curvature associated with a relatively small radius. In such examples, according to the design of the first curvature, the device may transmit wireless signaling from the transmitting element, and reflection from the lens can be dispersed or otherwise oriented away from the receiving element. In some implementations, the lens can include an anti-reflective coating to further reduce reflection from the lens.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application No. 17 / 742,146, filed by Zhang et al. on May 11, 2022, entitled “LENSDESIGN FOR FULL-DUPLEX COMMUNICATION TECHNICAL FIELD,” which is assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, including lens designs for full-duplex communications. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (such as time, frequency and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may use techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more network entities or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication for multiple communication devices, which may be further referred to as user equipment (UE). Summary of the invention

[0005] The systems, methods, and devices of the disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.

[0006] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication method at a device. The method may include sending a first signaling through a lens via a transmitting element of the device, the lens including a first surface associated with a first curvature; and receiving a second signaling through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission at the lens by the transmitting element in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0007] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a device. The apparatus may include an interface and a processing system. The interface may be configured to output a first signaling via a transmitting element of the device through a lens, the lens including a first surface associated with a first curvature; and obtain a second signaling via a receiving element of the device through the lens, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0008] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a device. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to send a first signaling through a lens via a transmitting element of the device, the lens including a first surface associated with a first curvature; and receive a second signaling through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission at the lens by the transmitting element in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0009] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in another apparatus for wireless communication at a device. The apparatus may include means for transmitting first signaling through a lens via a transmitting element of the device, the lens including a first surface associated with a first curvature; and means for receiving second signaling through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission at the lens by the transmitting element in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0010] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a device. The code can include instructions executable by a processor to perform the following operations: transmitting first signaling through a lens via a transmitting element of the device, the lens including a first surface associated with a first curvature; and receiving second signaling through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission at the lens by the transmitting element in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0011] Details of one or more specific implementations of the subject matter described in the present disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the specification, drawings, and claims. Note that the relative dimensions in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 An example wireless communication system supporting a lens design for full-duplex communication is shown.

[0013] Figure 2 An example signaling diagram is shown supporting a lens design for full-duplex communications.

[0014] Figure 3 An example transceiver and lens configuration is shown that supports a lens design for full-duplex communications.

[0015] Figure 4 and Figure 5 An example lens design is shown that supports full-duplex communications.

[0016] Figure 6 An example antireflective coating interface diagram is shown that supports a lens design for full-duplex communications.

[0017] Figure 7 An example reflection diagram showing support for a lens design for full-duplex communications.

[0018] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 An example lens design is shown that supports full-duplex communications.

[0019] Fig.10 and Fig.11 A block diagram showing an example device supporting a lens design for full-duplex communications.

[0020] Fig.12 A flow chart illustrating an example method for supporting lens design for full-duplex communications is shown.

[0021] The same reference numbers and designations in different drawings indicate similar elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] For the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of the present disclosure, the following description refers to some specific implementations. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. The described specific implementations can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of sending and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in accordance with any one of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 16.11 standards or any one of the following: IEEE 802.11 standards, Standard, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO RevB, High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE), AMPS, or other known signals for communicating within a wireless, cellular or Internet of Things (IOT) network, such as a system utilizing third generation (3G) technology, fourth generation (4G) technology, or fifth generation (5G) technology, or another specific implementation thereof.

[0023] In some wireless communication systems, a device that may be an example of a user equipment (UE) or a network entity may operate a transceiver unit that can support a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configuration. In some deployment scenarios (such as scenarios associated with a line of sight (LOS) condition between two communication devices), MIMO may be difficult to implement because there may not be multiple transmission or reception channels. Therefore, due to the relatively high spatial resolution achieved by a lens (such as a high-gain lens), even under LOS conditions, the device may use the lens together with separate transmission and reception elements to effectively obtain a high-rank channel (such as a high-capacity, high-gain or otherwise high-quality channel). The device may also utilize this relatively high spatial resolution to support full-duplex operation. As part of full-duplex operation, the device may simultaneously transmit wireless signaling via one or more transmission elements and receive wireless signaling via one or more receiving elements. Using a lens together with separate transmission and reception elements and a device according to full-duplex operation may experience self-interference because the wireless signaling from the transmission element may be reflected from the lens and interfere with the receiving element.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a device may use a lens design that implements full-duplex operation through a lens based on promoting the avoidance or mitigation of self-interference caused by reflections from the lens. For example, the lens may have a first surface facing the antenna and a second surface facing outward, and in order to avoid or mitigate self-interference caused by reflections from the first surface, the first surface may have a first curvature associated with a relatively small radius. In such examples, the device may send wireless signaling from a transmitting element, and according to the first curvature of the first surface, the reflection from the lens may be dispersed or otherwise oriented away from the receiving element. Additionally or alternatively, the lens may include an anti-reflective coating to reduce reflections from the lens. In some embodiments, the thickness of the anti-reflective coating may be associated with the placement of the transmitting element and the receiving element. For example, the thickness of the anti-reflective coating may be associated with the angle of the incident signaling from the transmitting element, which may result in a reflection toward the receiving element. The thickness of the anti-reflective coating may also depend on the wavelength that the device can transmit or receive, and in some embodiments, the lens may include multiple anti-reflective coatings, each anti-reflective coating being associated with a different set of one or more wavelengths that the device can transmit or receive.

[0025] Specific implementations of the subject matter described in the present disclosure may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. For example, based on a lens design associated with a surface or anti-reflective coating or both that supports and avoids or mitigates reflection-based self-interference from a transmitting element at a receiving element, a device communicating through a lens may operate according to full-duplex while maintaining a high probability of successful communication. Based on avoiding or mitigating self-interference between a transmitting element and a receiving element and a high probability of successful communication, the device may achieve higher data rates, greater capacity, and higher spectral efficiency. In addition, based on the possibility of facilitating full-duplex operation through a lens in a MIMO configuration, the device may have greater operational flexibility (such as flexible duplex), which may support reduced hardware, software, or firmware complexity and lower power consumption at the device, as well as other benefits. In addition, in some implementations, a lens having the described lens design may generally be manufactured without excessively increasing costs. For example, the curvature of the lens may follow a spherical surface on both sides or the lens may be made by 3D printing technology, both of which may facilitate low-cost manufacturing.

[0026] Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 supporting a lens design for full-duplex communication is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies (including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein).

[0027] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In some implementations, the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. For example, the network entities 105 may support a coverage area 110, such as a geographic coverage area, over which the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may support communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0028] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile or stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1 . The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as Figure 1 Other UEs 115 or network entities 105 are shown.

[0029] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (such as any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (such as any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from the second node.

[0030] In some implementations, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (such as according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some implementations, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other on the backhaul communication links 120 (such as according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols) directly (such as directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (such as via the core network 130). In some implementations, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication links 162 (such as according to a midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication links 168 (such as according to a fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (such as electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (such as radio links, wireless optical links), and other examples or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0031] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station (BS) 140 (such as a transceiver base station, a radio BS, an access point, a radio transceiver, a node B, an evolved node B (eNB), a next generation node B, or a gigabit node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a home node B, a home evolved node B, or other suitable terms). The network entity 105 (such as BS 140) may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic BS architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed BS architecture. For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (such as a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) system 180, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in a disaggregated RAN may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in a distributed location. A disaggregated RAN architecture may include or refer to an open RAN (O-RAN) or virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture.

[0032] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 175 is flexible and may support different functionalities, depending on which functions (such as network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 175. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between CU 160 and DU 165 such that CU 160 may support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 may support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some implementations, CU 160 may host higher protocol layer (such as layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (such as radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (such as a physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (such as a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170, such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or more different cells (such as via one or more RUs 170). In some implementations, the functional split between the CU 160 and the DU 165 or between the DU 165 and the RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (such as some functions of the protocol layer may be performed by one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). The CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (such as F1, F1-c, F1-u), and the DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (such as an open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some implementations, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on interfaces (such as channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by corresponding network entities 105 that communicate over these communication links.

[0033] In a wireless communication system (such as wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network architecture (such as to core network 130). In some specific implementations, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (such as IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 (such as one or more RUs 170) may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (such as a donor BS 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (such as an IAB donor) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (such as IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (such as backhaul communication links 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (such as scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas (such as RU 170) of the IAB node 104 accessed via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (such as referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some implementations, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (such as IAB nodes 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (such as downstream) of the access network. In such implementations, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (such as one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0034] For example, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between an access node (such as an IAB donor), an IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate a connection between the core network 130 and the AN (such as via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, the IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (such as and RU 170), and in this specific implementation, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (such as a backhaul link). The IAB donor and the IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (such as an F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link) and may communicate with other CUs 160 (such as CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface (which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link).

[0035] The IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality, such as access for UE 115, wireless self-backhaul capabilities, etc. The DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward a child node associated with the IAB node 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with the IAB node 104. That is, the IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node that communicates with one or more child nodes (such as the IAB donor may be relayed for transmission of the UE through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN, the IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of the IAB node 104 may provide a Uu interface for the child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from the parent IAB node 104, and a DU interface (such as the DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for the parent IAB node 104 to signal the child IAB node 104 or the UE 115.

[0036] For example, the IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node supporting child IAB node communications and as a child node associated with an IAB donor. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130 (such as a backhaul communication link 120), and may act as a parent node of the IAB node 104. For example, the DU 165 of the IAB donor may relay transmissions to the UE 115 via the IAB node 104, and may directly signal the UE 115 to transmit. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal the IAB node 104 that a communication link is established via the F1 interface, and the IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions (such as transmissions relayed from the IAB donor to the UE 115) via the DU 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from the IAB node 104 via signaling on the NR Uu interface of the MT to the IAB node 104. Communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 .

[0037] In a specific implementation in which the techniques described herein are applied to the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support the lens design for full-duplex communication as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (such as a BS 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (such as an IAB node 104, a DU 165, a CU 160, a RU 170, a RIC 170, a SMO 180).

[0038] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a user device, or some other appropriate terminology, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some specific implementations, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, and the like.

[0039] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, relay BSs, etc. Figure 1as shown in .

[0040] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may communicate wirelessly with each other via one or more communication links 125 (such as access links) on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (such as a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (such as synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. According to the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any part (such as an entity, a sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send", "receive" or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any part of the network entity 105 (such as BS 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN communicating with another device (such as directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0041] The signal waveform transmitted on the carrier may be composed of multiple subcarriers (such as using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system using MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to a symbol period (such as the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier resource, and in this specific implementation, the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (such as the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that the more resource elements a device receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate of the device may be. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of radio frequency spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (such as spatial layers, beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may improve the data rate or data integrity of communications with UE 115.

[0042] The time interval of the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration, such as 10 milliseconds (ms). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN), such as in the range of 0 to 1023.

[0043] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some implementations, a frame may be divided into subframes (such as in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (such as this depends on the length of the cyclic prefix added in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slot may be further divided into a plurality of mini-time slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (such as N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0044] A subframe, a time slot, a mini-time slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (such as in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100, and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some implementations, the TTI duration (such as the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (such as in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0045] Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier using one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. A control region for a physical control channel, such as a control resource set (CORESET), may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth or a subset of a system bandwidth of a carrier. One or more control regions, such as CORESETs, may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of UEs 115 may monitor or search a control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the number of control channel resources, such as control channel elements (CCEs), associated with coding information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0046] In some implementations, the network entities 105 (such as BS 140, RU 170) can be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some implementations, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, but different coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0047] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0048] In some implementations, a UE 115 may be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135, such as according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol. In some implementations, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communications may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (such as a BS 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communications as configured or scheduled by the network entity 105. In some implementations, one or more UEs 115 in the group may be outside of the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or otherwise unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some implementations, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each other UE 115 in the group. In some implementations, the network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving the network entity 105.

[0049] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), and the EPC or 5GC may include at least one control plane entity (such as a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (such as a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network. The control plane entity may manage non-access layer (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE115 served by a network entity 105 (such as BS140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to an IP service 150 for one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0050] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide services to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter distances (such as less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using lower frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0051] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using a frequency band from 3 GHz to 30 GHz (also referred to as a centimeter band) or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also referred to as a millimeter band). In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UE 115 and a network entity 105 (such as BS140, RU 170), and the EHF antenna of the corresponding device may be smaller and closer than the UHF antenna. In some implementations, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be affected by greater atmospheric attenuation and a shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The technology disclosed herein may be adopted across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the use of frequency bands specified across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulatory agency.

[0052] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may use license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band, such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, devices such as network entities 105 and UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some implementations, operations in an unlicensed band may be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration (such as LAA) in coordination with component carriers operating in a licensed band. Operations in an unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, and the like.

[0053] The network entity 105 (such as BS 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more BS antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some specific implementations, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may have an antenna array having antenna ports of a collection of rows and columns that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0054] The network entity 105 or UE 115 may use MIMO communication to utilize multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by sending or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such technology may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. For example, multiple signals may be sent by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals may be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (such as the same codeword) or different data streams (such as different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO technology includes single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are sent to the same receiving device, and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are sent to multiple devices.

[0055] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (such as a network entity 105, a UE 115) to form or direct an antenna beam (such as a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating in a particular direction relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals conveyed via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each antenna element may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (such as relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0056] In some wireless communication systems such as the wireless communication system 100, a device, which may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105, may operate a transceiver unit capable of supporting a MIMO configuration. For example, the device may employ a massive MIMO or distributed MIMO communication technique. Massive MIMO techniques may be associated with devices (such as UE 115 or network entity 105) that use an array of multiple (such as 16 or more) physical antenna elements combined with spatial multiplexing and beamforming. Distributed MIMO techniques (which may be equivalently referred to as distributed massive MIMO techniques) may similarly be associated with multiple antennas. In a specific implementation of distributed MIMO, multiple antennas may be logical (in addition to or as a substitute for physical) and may be geographically distributed across cells. Therefore, users may frequently be close to at least one antenna, which may provide users with higher capacity and quality of experience across various environments (such as indoor environments).

[0057] In some deployment scenarios, due to the relatively high spatial resolution achieved by a lens (such as a high-gain lens), a device can use the lens with separate transmit and receive elements to effectively obtain a high-rank channel (such as a high-capacity, high-gain, or otherwise high-quality channel) and implement MIMO. The device can also take advantage of this relatively high spatial resolution to support full-duplex operation, but using transmit and receive elements together in a full-duplex operating mode may increase the likelihood of self-interference because wireless signaling from the transmit element may reflect from the lens and cause interference at the receive element.

[0058] In some implementations, a device can use a lens design that facilitates avoiding or mitigating self-interference through the lens during full-duplex operation. For example, the lens can have a first surface associated with a first curvature, and due to the design of the first surface of the lens, reflected signaling exiting the lens from a transmitting element can be oriented away from a receiving element, which can reduce self-interference at the receiving element.

[0059] Additionally or alternatively, the lens may include or otherwise have an anti-reflective coating to reduce reflections from the lens. In some implementations, the thickness or depth of the anti-reflective coating may be associated with the placement of the transmitting element and the receiving element. For example, the thickness or depth of the anti-reflective coating may be associated with the angle of the incident signaling from the transmitting element, which may result in a reflection toward the receiving element (which may depend on the relative placement of the transmitting element and the receiving element). The thickness or depth may additionally or alternatively depend on the wavelength transmitted or received by the device. In some implementations (such as implementations in which the device is capable of transmitting or receiving at multiple different radio frequencies associated with multiple different wavelengths), the lens may include or have multiple anti-reflective coatings, each anti-reflective coating being associated with a different wavelength that the device can transmit or receive. Therefore, the lens can disperse or dissipate reflections from the lens across various radio frequencies on which the device can transmit or receive, which can support full-duplex operation across such various radio frequencies.

[0060] Figure 2 An example signaling diagram 200 is shown that supports a lens design for full-duplex communication. The signaling diagram 200 may be implemented or implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the signaling diagram 200 may illustrate communication between a device 205 and a device 210. The device 205 may be, for example, Figure 1 Illustrated and referenced Figure 1 The device 210 may also be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described above. Figure 1 Illustrated and referenced Figure 1 Examples of UE 115 or network entity 105 are described.

[0061] In some implementations, the device 205 and the device 210 may support one or more configurations associated with MIMO operations. For example, the device 205 may include multiple antenna elements 215 (which may be collectively or generally referred to as any one or more of the antenna elements 215-a, antenna elements 215-b, antenna elements 215-c), and the device 210 may include multiple antenna elements 220 (which may be collectively or generally referred to as any one or more of the antenna elements 220-a, antenna elements 220-b, antenna elements 220-c), and the device 205 and the device 210 may use one or more of such antenna elements to establish multiple links 245 (which may be collectively or generally referred to as links 245-a or links 245-b). In some aspects, the antenna elements 215 or antenna elements 220 used for transmission may be equivalently referred to as radiating elements, and either or both of the antenna elements 215 or antenna elements 220 may be associated with or located on one or more microstrip patches. For example, antenna element 215 or antenna element 220 may be an example of a microstrip antenna (or a microstrip patch antenna), which may refer to an antenna that is directly printed onto a circuit board.

[0062] Under some conditions, such as a LOS condition between device 205 and device 210, MIMO may be difficult to implement because multiple transmit or receive channels may not exist. In addition, device 205 and device 210 may communicate using any one or more Terahertz (THz) or THz frequencies or spectra, as well as other frequencies or spectra. THz frequencies may refer to frequencies between 10 12 The sub-THz spectrum may refer to a frequency in the Hz range from about 100 GHz to about 10 THz (such as 10,000 GHz), and the wavelength of the signaling transmitted using the THz frequency may be in the range of about 3 mm to about 30 microns. The sub-THz spectrum may range from about 90 GHz to about 300 GHz. The sub-THz spectrum may achieve relatively higher data rates (such as about 1 terabyte per second (Tbps) or higher) and may provide a relatively large bandwidth of tens of GHz. In some aspects, the sub-THz frequency range may be divided into different frequency bands, such as a W band ranging from about 92 GHz to about 115 GHz and a D band ranging from about 130 GHz to about 175 GHz. Such high frequencies and small wavelengths may be close to or similar to the propagation characteristics of visible light, which may further hinder the possibility of successful wireless communications using such high frequencies and small wavelengths.

[0063] Thus, the device 205 and the device 210 can use a lens or dish antenna with separate antenna elements 215 and antenna elements 220 to effectively obtain a high-rank channel, even in LOS conditions or scenarios where the device 205 and the device 210 communicate at relatively high frequencies (such as sub-THz or THz frequencies, as well as other examples of relatively high frequencies), due to the relatively high spatial resolution achieved by the high-gain lens or dish antenna. For example, the device 205 can use lens 225 to focus signaling from one or more of the transmitting elements (such as antenna element 215-a) toward the device 210, and can use lens 225 to focus signaling from the device 210 toward one or more receiving elements (such as antenna element 215-b). The device 210 can use lens 230 to focus received signaling toward one or more of the receiving elements (such as antenna element 220-a), and can use lens 230 to focus signaling from one or more transmitting elements (such as antenna element 220-b) toward the device 205.

[0064] For example, device 205 may transmit first wireless signaling from antenna element 215-a through lens 225 via directional beam 235-a, and lens 225 may focus (such as refract) the first wireless signaling toward device 210 to establish link 245-a. Similarly, device 210 may transmit second wireless signaling from antenna element 220-b through lens 230 via directional beam 240-b, and lens 230 may focus (such as refract) the second wireless signaling toward device 205 to establish link 245-b. Device 210 may also use lens 230 to focus (e.g., refract) the first wireless signaling toward antenna element 220-a via directional beam 240-a, and device 205 may also use lens 225 to focus (e.g., refract) the second wireless signaling toward antenna element 215-b via directional beam 235-b.

[0065] In some aspects, lens 225 or lens 230 or both may be examples of dielectric lenses, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lenses, and may facilitate pairing between elements of device 205 and device 210, such as between antenna element 215-a and antenna element 220-a, and between antenna element 215-b and antenna element 220-b. Such pairing between elements of device 205 and device 210 may enable control of crosstalk between signaling transmitted via link 245-a and signaling transmitted via link 245-b (by one or both of device 205 and device 210). Link 245-a and link 245-b may be substantially parallel to a straight line between device 205 and device 210, but may deviate from parallel due to lens 225 having a finite aperture.

[0066] Based on the relatively high spatial resolution obtained via a lens (such as lens 225 or lens 230), a device (such as device 205 or device 210) can use such a higher spatial resolution to support full-duplex operation. For example, device 205 may use a first set of one or more antenna elements 215 (such as antenna element 215-a) for transmission, and may simultaneously use a second set of one or more antenna elements 215 (such as antenna element 215-b) for reception. Similarly, device 210 may use a first set of one or more antenna elements 220 (such as antenna element 220-b) for transmission, and may simultaneously use a second set of one or more antenna elements 220 (such as antenna element 220-b) for reception. In a full-duplex system involving devices using lenses, the transmitted signal may be reflected from the lens and cause interference at a receiver (such as at antenna element 215-b of device 205 or at antenna element 220-a of device 210). Additional details related to such reflection-based self-interference are provided by Figure 3 Examples and references Figure 3 Describe in more detail.

[0067] In some implementations, a device (e.g., device 205 or device 210) may support a lens design that facilitates avoiding or mitigating self-interference from reflections from a lens. Thus, a device may use a lens to achieve full-duplex operation while maintaining a high probability of successful communication (such as successfully receiving at one or more antenna elements while transmitting via one or more other antenna elements). In some implementations, such lenses that can facilitate or otherwise achieve full-duplex operation may be associated with a curvature of the surface of the first antenna-facing surface that is associated with a relatively small radius. Additionally or alternatively, the lens may include or have an anti-reflective coating to reduce reflections, and in some implementations, the thickness or depth of the anti-reflective coating may be associated with an angle that depends on the relative placement of the transmitting element and the receiving element (e.g., calculated based on the angle). Additionally or alternatively, the thickness or depth of the anti-reflective coating may be associated with one or more wavelengths at which the device can communicate (such as calculated based on the one or more wavelengths). In addition, in some implementations, the lens may include or have a multi-layer coating to reduce reflections in a scenario where the device is able to use multiple different wavelengths to convey (such as send or receive) wireless signaling.

[0068] Thus, in the context of device 205, first wireless signaling transmitted from antenna element 215-a may be directed away from second signaling received by antenna element 215-b, based on the direction of the transmit beam of incident signaling at lens 225 (and based on the direction of refracted signaling from lens 225). Second wireless signaling received at antenna element 215-b may be directed away from first wireless signaling transmitted from antenna element 215-a, based on the direction of the transmit beam of incident signaling at lens 225 (and based on the direction of refracted signaling from lens 225). Based on this directing of signaling away from other potentially interfering signaling, device 205 may simultaneously transmit and receive on the same radio frequency, on at least partially overlapping radio frequencies, or on relatively close radio frequencies.

[0069] In some implementations, to potentially further reduce interference of reflections of directional beam 235-a with signaling reception at antenna element 215-b, device 205 may apply a first set of one or more polarizations to signaling transmitted via directional beam 235-a via link 245-a, and device 210 may apply a second set of one or more polarizations to signaling transmitted via directional beam 240-b via link 245-b. Similarly, device 205 may receive signaling via link 245-b using directional beam 235-b according to the second set of one or more polarizations, and device 210 and device 210 may receive signaling via link 245-a using directional beam 240-a according to the first set of one or more polarizations. Thus, device 205 and device 210 may apply different polarizations to signaling transmitted via link 245-a and signaling transmitted via link 245-b to reduce the level of interference that such signaling may cause to each other, and to reduce the level of interference caused by reflections of such signaling from one or both of lens 225 or lens 230. In other words, device 205 and device 210 may apply different polarizations to a set (such as all) of beams transmitted from antenna element 215 (any one or more of antenna element 215-a, antenna element 215-b, or antenna element 215-c) and a set (such as all) of beams transmitted from antenna element 220 (any one or more of antenna element 220-a, antenna element 220-b, or antenna element 220-c).

[0070] In some aspects, two linear polarizations (vertical polarization and horizontal polarization) may be applied to (such as used for or employed in) each of the two beam sets. Additionally or alternatively, two circular polarizations (such as clockwise polarization and counterclockwise polarization) may be applied to (such as used for or employed in) each of the two beam sets. Additionally or alternatively, two elliptical polarizations with a phase offset of 90 degrees may be applied to (such as used for or employed in) each of the two beam sets. Signal waveforms from different polarizations or associated with different polarizations may not interfere with each other (if the polarization is not affected by the channel), which may facilitate the reduction of interference. In some specific implementations, two transmitting entities (such as antenna element 215 and antenna element 220) may coordinate to apply or employ different polarizations (such that antenna element 215 uses a first polarization and antenna element 220 uses a second polarization). For example, the two transmitting entities may exchange configuration messages at a setup phase, and the polarization usage may be coordinated via the configuration messages.

[0071] In addition, applying or adopting different polarizations between two beam sets can reduce the total number of MIMO beams in a system (such as the entire system). Therefore, device 205 or device 210 can perform a comparison related to whether to apply a polarization scheme, because the application of a polarization scheme can reduce interference and also potentially reduce the total number of available MIMO beams. There may be situations such as those associated with a high signal-to-noise-interference ratio (SINR), where a higher number of MIMO beams (rank) can overcome any additional interference between beams and result in a higher total data throughput. Alternatively, there may be situations such as those associated with a low SINR, where a polarization scheme can overcome any additional interference between beams and result in a higher total data throughput. In other words, if the SINR is high, device 205 and device 210 can apply two polarizations on each beam, and if the SINR is low, device 205 and device 210 can apply a polarization scheme (such as one polarization is applied to each beam, where different polarizations are applied to different beam sets). Thus, device 205 and device 210 can select, identify, ascertain, or otherwise determine whether to apply different polarizations to different sets of beams based on SINR measurements (at least one of device 205 or device 210 can obtain the SINR measurements via measurements of one or more messages or reference signals).

[0072] Figure 3An example transceiver and lens configuration 300 is shown that supports a lens design for full-duplex communication. The transceiver and lens configuration 300 can implement or be implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or the signaling diagram 200. For example, a device (such as device 205 or device 210) can communicate in accordance with full-duplex operation, and reflection-based self-interference can be avoided or mitigated in accordance with the transceiver and lens configuration 300. In some specific implementations, for example, the device can utilize the transceiver and lens configuration 300 to disperse or otherwise direct any reflected signaling that leaves a lens 315 (such as lens 225 or lens 230) away from a receiver of the device.

[0073] For example, the device may transmit a first wireless signaling via a transmit element 305 (which may equivalently be referred to as a transmit antenna) through a lens 315, and may attempt to simultaneously receive a second wireless signaling at a receive element 310 (which may equivalently be referred to as a receive antenna) through the lens 315. In some aspects, the device may transmit the first wireless signaling using a transmit beam 320, and the transmit beam 320 may be associated with or otherwise correspond to (such as cause) a reflection 325 from the lens 315. The reflection 325 may be oriented toward the receive element 310, which may contribute to noise at the receive element 310 or otherwise interfere with the second wireless signaling at the receive element 310.

[0074] According to implementations described herein, a device can use a lens design 330 (which can refer to any of lens design 330-a, lens design 330-b, or lens design 330-c) to achieve or facilitate full-duplex operation, wherein self-interference generated by reflections 325 from lens 315 is low or minimal. In some implementations, a device can use a lens 315 having a first surface 335 (which can be an example of a surface facing the antenna) and a second surface 340 (which can be an example of a surface facing outward or facing the receiver), and the first surface 335 can have a first curvature associated with a relatively small first radius. For example, according to the first curvature of the first surface 335 having a relatively small radius, the lens 315 can scatter or otherwise orient the reflections 325 away from the receiving element 310. According to the transceiver and lens configuration 300, signaling from the transmitting element 305 can pass through the first surface 335 before passing through the second surface 340.

[0075] In some implementations, the first curvature of the first surface 335 or the second curvature of the second surface 340, or both, can be designed based on the relative placement or position of the transmit element 305 and the receive element 310 so that reflections 325 from the transmit beam 320 exiting the lens 315 avoid causing interference at the receive element 310. For example, for a given placement of the transmit element 305 and the receive element 310, the first curvature can be configured so that reflections 325 from the lens 315 avoid causing interference at the receive element 310. Additionally or alternatively, the first curvature of the first surface 335 or the second curvature of the second surface 340, or both, can be designed based on the direction of the transmit beam 320 (or multiple transmit beams that can be used by the transmit element 305) so that reflections 325 from the transmit beam 320 exiting the lens 315 avoid causing interference at the receive element 310. For example, the first curvature can be configured so that any reflections generated by one or more transmit beams that can be used by the transmit element are oriented away from the receive element 310.

[0076] Additionally or alternatively, the first curvature of the first surface 335 or the second curvature of the second surface 340, or both, may be designed according to the wavelength of the signaling transmitted or received by the device. In addition, in addition to designing the first curvature and the second curvature according to the relative placement of the transmitting element 305 and the receiving element 310, or as an alternative, the direction of the transmission beam 320 causing interference at the receiving element 310, or the wavelength of the signaling, the material of the lens 315, or the refractive index n may be selected according to any one or more of such considerations. For example, the lens 315 may be designed to be made of PTFE (such as Teflon) and have a refractive index n = 1.4.

[0077] In some implementations, the device can use lens design 330-a. Lens design 330-a can be associated with two curved surfaces. Lens design 330-a can be an example of a biconvex lens design, and the first curvature of first surface 335 and the second curvature of second surface 340 can be the same or approximately the same. In other words, the first radius of the first curvature and the second radius of the second curvature can be the same or approximately the same. Alternatively, the first radius of the first curvature can be smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

[0078] For example, in some other implementations, a device can use lens design 330-b. Lens design 330-b can be associated with a curved surface (such that first surface 335 is curved and second surface 340 is flat or non-curved). Lens design 330-b can be an example of a plano-convex lens design, and a first radius of curvature of first surface 335 can be less than a second radius of curvature of second surface 340 (which can be non-curved and associated with a theoretically infinite radius). Additional details regarding lens design 330-b are provided by Figure 8Examples and references Figure 8 Describe in more detail.

[0079] In some other implementations, the device may use lens design 330-c. Lens design 330-c may be associated with two curved surfaces. Lens design 330-c may be an example of a positive meniscus lens design, and the first radius of the first curvature may be less than the second radius of the second curvature. In some aspects, the first curvature and the second curvature may be associated with the same direction of curvature (because the second curvature may be concave), which may help to disperse or otherwise orient reflection 325 away from receiving element 310, as well as increase the likelihood of successfully receiving signaling from one or more other devices. Lens design 330-c may provide a relatively long focal length or a relatively large aperture size, which may enable appropriate dispersion of any reflected signaling leaving lens 315 and appropriate quality of received signaling (because the second curvature of second surface 340 may capture a greater amount of energy and provide more precise focusing).

[0080] In addition, although Figure 3 305 and a receiving element 310, but the device may include multiple transmitting elements 305 or multiple receiving elements 310. In such specific implementations, the lens 315 can be configured so that reflections from any one or more of the transmitting elements 305 leaving the lens 315 avoid causing interference at any one or more of the receiving elements 310 being used for simultaneous reception. In addition, the device can use one or more lens designs 330. For example, the device can use a first lens design 330 for a first set of one or more transmitting elements 305 and receiving elements 310, and can use a second lens design 330 for a second set of one or more transmitting elements 305 and receiving elements 310. In addition, although various lens designs 330 are illustrated as two-dimensional to show the first surface 335 and the second surface 340, the lens design 330 can be three-dimensional (such as spherical or hemispherical).

[0081] Figure 4 An example lens design 400 supporting full-duplex communication is shown. The lens design 400 may implement or be implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the signaling diagram 200, or the transceiver and lens configuration 300. For example, a device (such as the device 205 or the device 210) may use a lens 405 (such as the lens 225, the lens 230, or the lens 315) associated with the lens design 400 to reflect or disperse signaling that exits the lens 405 away from a receiving element of the device.

[0082] In some implementations, lens 405 can be associated with a radius 410 (which can have a value R), and radius 410 of lens 405 can be set or configured based on the location or placement of the transmitting element and the receiving element of the device so that reflected signaling from the transmitting element exiting lens 405 avoids causing interference at the receiving element. For example, and as described herein, in an example where the device is in a full-duplex communication mode, radius 410 can be relatively small so that the reflected transmit signal is dispersed away from the receiving element.

[0083] The lens 405 may be associated with a distance 415 (which may have a value of R / 2), a distance 420 to a virtual focal length (which may have a value of -v), and a distance 425 to a point source or object (which may have a value of u). The virtual focal length may be associated with a direction 435 of incident signaling from a point source or object that intersects the surface of the lens 405 at a point 430 and a direction 440 of reflected signaling that leaves the surface of the lens 405 at the point 430. For purposes of illustration, a direction 445 of incident signaling that intersects the surface of the lens at the point 430 (associated with a normal or horizontal) may be associated with a direction 450 of reflected signaling that may be drawn from a point at a distance 415 (such as a distance -R / 2) from the surface of the lens 405.

[0084] In a scenario using a spherical lens, reflections can be analyzed by optical imaging, and for a point source or object having a distance u to the surface of lens 405 (as illustrated by distance 425), a virtual image (such as a virtual image produced by signaling reflected in direction 440) can be at a distance from the surface -v (as illustrated by distance 420). A convex spherical reflective surface of radius 410 (such as R) can have a virtual focal length of -R / 2 (as illustrated by distance 415, and this can be associated with the assumption of near-axis conditions). In some aspects, the value v can be associated with or dependent on R / 2 and u. For example, the value v can be defined according to equations 1 and 2.

[0085]

[0086] Figure 5 An example lens design 500 that supports full-duplex communication is shown. The lens design 500 may implement or be implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the signaling diagram 200, the transceiver and lens configuration 300, or the lens design 400. For example, a device (such as the device 205 or the device 210) may use a lens 505 (such as the lens 225, the lens 230, the lens 315, or the lens 405) associated with the lens design 500 to orient reflected signaling that leaves the lens 505 away from a receiving element of the device and focus the signaling into the lens 505 for airborne propagation toward an intended receiving device.

[0087] Lens 505 may have a thickness 510, which may have a value d. Thickness 510 may be measured at the thickest portion of lens 505. For example, lens 505 may be associated with two surfaces, and one or both of the two surfaces may have a curvature such that the thickness of lens 505 is non-uniform. A first surface of lens 505 (e.g., an inwardly facing or antenna-facing surface) may have a first curvature associated with radius 515 (which may have a value R1), and a second surface of lens 505 (e.g., an outwardly facing or receiver-facing surface) may have a second curvature associated with radius 520 (which may have a value R2). In some aspects, the first surface may be referred to as a first side of lens 505, and the second surface may be referred to as a second side of lens 505.

[0088] The lens 505 may have a focal length 540 (which may have a value f, and which may be relatively long to achieve a paraxial approximation) and the focal length 540 may depend on the curvature of the two surfaces and the refractive index n of the material of the lens 505. For example, according to the lens design 500, the lens 505 may refract the incident signaling 525-a and the incident signaling 525-b into the refracted signaling 530-a and the refracted signaling 530-b, respectively, and the refracted signaling 530-a and the refracted signaling 530-b may intersect at a focal point 535 (which may be a distance from the center of the lens 505 equal to the focal length 540). Various aspects of the lens design 500 may be defined according to Equation 3. In a specific implementation in which the lens 505 is thin (such as a specific implementation in which d≈0), such aspects of the lens design 500 may be simplified to Equation 4.

[0089]

[0090] In some implementations, Equations 3 and 4 may be calculated to ensure a suitable focal length 540 (such as f) while satisfying one or more criteria associated with R1 and R2 (such as a criterion associated with making R1 relatively small). In some aspects, a suitable focal length 540 may be such that f=115 mm (approximately) at 500 GHz or such that f=151.5 mm (approximately) at 500 GHz. For example, according to implementations described herein, R1 may be relatively small to enable or facilitate full-duplex operation, where self-interference generated by reflections from lens 505 toward receiving elements of the device is low or minimal. To reduce interference from reflections from lens 505, and according to Equations 3 and 4, if lens design 500 is associated with a bi-convex design, |R2| may be relatively large (where R2 may have a negative value for a bi-convex design). Alternatively, to reduce interference from reflections from lens 505, lens design 500 may be associated with a plano-convex or positive meniscus design.

[0091] Figure 6An example anti-reflective coating interface diagram 600 is shown that supports a lens design for full-duplex communication. The anti-reflective coating interface diagram 600 can implement or be implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the signaling diagram 200, the transceiver and lens configuration 300, the lens design 400, or the lens design 500. For example, a device (such as device 205 or device 210) can use a lens (such as lens 225, lens 230, lens 315, lens 405, or lens 505) to refract outgoing signaling toward an intended receiving device and refract incoming signaling toward a receiving element of the device, and the lens can be associated with a lens design that enables full-duplex operation at the device, where self-interference generated by reflections from the lens is low or minimal. In some specific implementations, the lens can include an anti-reflective coating to further support full-duplex operation at the device, and the anti-reflective coating interface diagram 600 can illustrate an interface 605 between two layers of anti-reflective coating, between air and a layer of anti-reflective coating, or between an anti-reflective coating and a lens.

[0092] The anti-reflection coating may comprise one or more (transparent) thin film structures having alternating layers of contrasting refractive indices. The thickness of the one or more layers of the alternating layers may be selected or configured to produce destructive interference in a directional beam reflected from an interface (such as an interface between the alternating layers) and constructive interference in a corresponding transmitted beam (so that the transmitted signaling is focused into the lens). Thus, the device may use an anti-reflection coating to further reduce reflections from the lens, which may be measured by a reflection coefficient (which may be denoted as R). The reflection coefficient may be measured at each interface with media of different refractive indices.

[0093] Interface 605 may illustrate an interface between a first medium (such as a first layer of an anti-reflective coating) and a second medium (such as a second layer of an anti-reflective coating or a lens), and a reflectance coefficient of interface 605 may be defined as a measure of reflectivity (such as from "0" to "1") at interface 605. The reflectance coefficient may depend on the refractive index of each of the two media on either side of interface 605. For example, for incident signaling 610 perpendicular to the anti-reflective coating or lens, the reflectance coefficient (R) may be defined according to Equation 5, where n1 is the refractive index of the first medium, and n2 is the refractive index of the second medium.

[0094]

[0095] Since the anti-reflection coating uses constructive and destructive interference to dissipate reflections from the lens and focus the transmitted signal into the lens, the performance of the anti-reflection coating can vary with wavelength and angle of incidence. Therefore, the reflection from the interface 605 can be based on the angle θ of the incident signal 610. i For example, and if Figure 6 As illustrated, event signaling 610 may be at an angle θi Encountering interface 605, this may result in an angle θ r The reflected signal 615 and the angle θ t The reflection coefficient of the interface 605 may be polarization dependent (such that the reflection coefficient R may be expressed as R s and R p ), and in which θ i In the example of ≠0, it can be defined according to equations 6 and 7.

[0096]

[0097] Thus, in some implementations, the design or construction of the anti-reflective coating can be dependent on or associated with the relative placement of the transmitting element and the receiving element (which can be indicative of or otherwise associated with the angle of incidence of the signaling at the anti-reflective coating or lens). Such design or construction can include selection of one or more of the following: the number of layers of the anti-reflective coating, selection of the refractive index of one or more layers of the anti-reflective coating, the thickness or depth of one or more layers of the anti-reflective coating, and the amount of different anti-reflective coatings.

[0098] For example, the device may determine the angle θ of the incident signal 610. i The depth or thickness of the anti-reflective coating may be selected or used. In some implementations, the depth or thickness of the anti-reflective coating may be selected or used according to the angle θ. i The depth or thickness of the anti-reflection coating is selected or chosen, which angle results in an angle θ of the reflected signal 615. r or otherwise associated therewith, which causes interference at the receiving element of the device (such that the angle θ r The associated directional beam is oriented toward the receiving element.) For vertical incidence signaling 610 (such that θ i =0), the appropriate or optimal depth of the first coating may be equal to λ1 / 4.

[0099] Additionally or alternatively, the device can select or use n1 for minimizing or reducing reflection based on applying the reflection coefficient to the second interface and minimizing or reducing total reflection (which can be associated with the product of the reflection coefficients on multiple interfaces 605). In some scenarios, there may be relatively large differences between suitable or optimal refractive indices for different polarizations. In such scenarios, the device can select or use an incident angle for one polarization, and can turn off another polarization for the direction in which the reflection from the lens interferes with the receiving element. In other words, the device can suppress the generation of signaling associated with an unselected polarization for the transmission direction, which can cause reflection-based interference at the receiving element.

[0100] Additionally or alternatively, the design or construction of the antireflective coating can be dependent on or associated with one or more wavelengths at which the device transmits or receives. For example, the depth or thickness of the antireflective coating or the amount of antireflective coating can be dependent on or associated with the wavelengths used by the device for wireless communication, and the amount of antireflective coating used by the device can be dependent on or associated with the amount of different sets of one or more wavelengths used or capable of being used by the device. In some implementations, for example, a first design of the antireflective coating can achieve sufficient destructive interference for reflections of signaling having a first set of one or more wavelengths, and a second design of the antireflective coating can achieve sufficient destructive interference for reflections of signaling having a second set of one or more wavelengths. Additional details regarding the depth or thickness of the antireflective coating or the amount of the antireflective coating are provided by Figure 7 Examples and references Figure 7 Describe in more detail.

[0101] Figure 7 An example reflection diagram 700 is shown that supports a lens design for full-duplex communication. Reflection diagrams 700, 701, and 702 may implement or be implemented to implement aspects of wireless communication system 100, signaling diagram 200, transceiver and lens configuration 300, lens design 400, lens design 500, or anti-reflective coating interface diagram 600. For example, in an example where two media have different refractive indices, reflection diagrams 700, 701, and 702 may each illustrate how incident signaling from a device (such as device 205 or device 210) reflects from and refracts through an interface between the two media. The interface illustrated in reflection diagrams 700, 701, and 702 may be an interface between a first layer of an anti-reflective coating and a second layer of an anti-reflective coating, an interface between a layer of an anti-reflective coating and a lens (such as lens 225, lens 230, lens 315, lens 405, or lens 505), an interface between air and a layer of an anti-reflective coating or lens, or any combination thereof.

[0102] Reflection diagram 700 illustrates a case in which signaling propagates through a first medium associated with a refractive index n0, a second medium associated with a refractive index n1, and a second medium associated with a refractive index n2. sAs shown in the reflection diagram 700, the incident signaling 705 can be perpendicular to the interface 762 between the first medium and the second medium, and thus the refracted signaling 708 can be oriented in the same direction as the incident signaling 705. Similarly, the reflected signaling 712 leaving the interface 762 can be perpendicular to the interface 762. The refracted signaling 708 can be perpendicular to the interface 765 between the second medium and the third medium, and thus the refracted signaling 710 can be oriented in the same direction as the refracted signaling 708. Similarly, the reflected signaling 715 leaving the interface 765 can be perpendicular to the interface 765. In some specific implementations, for the anti-reflective coating between the first medium and the third medium (so that the second medium represents the anti-reflective coating), a suitable or optimal selection of n1 can be defined according to Equation 8. In addition, although described herein as selecting the refractive index n1 of the anti-reflective coating, the material used for the lens can be similarly selected to achieve a specific or suitable refractive index n1.

[0103]

[0104] Reflection diagram 701 illustrates a reflection diagram in which signaling propagates through a first medium associated with a refractive index n0, a second medium associated with a refractive index n1, and a second medium associated with a refractive index n2. s Another example of an associated third medium. As shown in reflection diagram 701, incident signaling 718 can encounter interface 768 between the first medium and the second medium at an angle θ0, and refracted signaling 720 can exit interface 768 at an angle θ1. Reflected signaling 722 (which can be an example of a reflection of incident signaling 718) can be reflected from interface 768, and reflected signaling 725 (which can be an example of a reflection of refracted signaling 720) can be reflected from interface 770 between the second medium and the third medium. In some aspects, reflected signaling 725 can intersect incident signaling 728 at a point on interface 768, and incident signaling 728 can cause reflected signaling 730 to exit interface 768.

[0105] In some implementations, the optical path in the second medium (such as the path of wireless signaling) can be based on , and the optical path difference between the incident signaling 718 and the incident signaling 728 in the first medium can be defined according to 2Dn0tan(θ1)sin(θ0). Therefore, in an example implementation in which the second medium is an anti-reflective coating, the thickness 755 of the anti-reflective coating can be defined according to equations 9 and 10. In some aspects, equation 9 can be associated with calculating a suitable or optimal value for the thickness 755, which can be defined as D.

[0106]

[0107] According to equations 9 and 10, if θ0=0, then a suitable or optimal value D for the thickness 755 of the anti-reflective coating may be D=λ0 / 4, where λ0 is the wavelength of the transmitted signaling. If θ0≠0, then the when or optimal value D for the thickness 755 of the anti-reflective coating may depend on θ0 and may be such that D<λ0 / 4. In order to design or configure the thickness 755 of the anti-reflective coating of a lens capable of full-duplex operation, θ0 may be selected or chosen as the angle of a transmit beam from a transmit element that causes a reflection from the lens that is directed or oriented toward a receive element.

[0108] Reflection diagram 702 illustrates an example in which signaling propagates through a first medium associated with a refractive index n0, a second medium associated with a refractive index n1, a third medium associated with a refractive index n2, and a s As shown in the reflection diagram 701, the incident signaling 732 may encounter the interface 772 between the first medium and the second medium at an angle θ0, and the refracted signaling 735 may leave the interface 772 at an angle θ1. The reflected signaling 742 (which may be an example of a reflection of the incident signaling 732) may be reflected from the interface 772, and the reflected signaling 745 (which may be an example of a reflection of the refracted signaling 735) may be reflected from the interface 775 between the second medium and the third medium. In some aspects, the reflected signaling 745 may intersect the incident signaling 750 at a point on the interface 772, and the incident signaling 750 may cause the reflected signaling 752 to leave the interface 772. The refracted signaling 735 may provide a refracted signaling 738 after the interface 775, and the refracted signaling 738 may encounter the interface 778 between the third medium and the fourth medium at an angle. Refracted signaling 738 may cause reflected signaling 748 exiting interface 778 and refracted signaling 740 after interface 778 .

[0109] In some implementations, the second medium and the third medium may be examples of different anti-reflective coatings, and each may have a thickness according to the set of wavelengths over which the device communicates or over which the device is capable of communicating. For example, according to a suitable or optimal value for the thickness of the anti-reflective coating that depends on the wavelength, the second medium (such as the first anti-reflective coating) may have a thickness 758, and the third medium (such as the second anti-reflective coating) may have a thickness 760. Thus, if the device communicates at two different wavelengths or two different sets of one or more wavelengths (such as two different wavelength ranges), the device may use a lens that includes two anti-reflective coatings, each of which may have a different thickness. For example, if the bandwidth over which the device can transmit or receive is relatively wide, as may be possible in some high frequency systems (such as sub-THz or THz systems), the device may employ a multi-layer anti-reflective coating to reduce reflections off the lens for signaling associated with various frequencies within the bandwidth over which the device can transmit or receive.

[0110] Figure 8 An example lens design 800 is shown that supports full-duplex communication. Lens design 800 may be implemented or implemented to implement aspects of any of wireless communication system 100, signaling diagram 200, transceiver and lens configuration 300, lens design 400, lens design 500, anti-reflective coating interface diagram 600, or reflection diagrams 700, 701, and 702. For example, a device (such as device 205 or device 210) may use lens 805 (such as lens 225, lens 230, lens 315, lens 405, or lens 505) configured according to lens design 800 to disperse or direct reflected signaling leaving lens 805 away from receiving elements of the device. Lens design 800 may be such as Figure 3 Illustrated and referenced Figure 3 The example of lens design 330-b described above and thus, lens 805 may have a first surface associated with a first curvature and a second surface that is flat. In other words, lens design 800 may illustrate a plano-convex lens design.

[0111] In some implementations, various dimensions of lens 805 designed according to lens design 800 can be such that diameter 810 of lens 805 can be approximately 101.6 mm and radius 815 of the first curvature of the first surface can be approximately 65.2 mm. According to implementations described herein, radius 815 can be set or configured according to the relative placement of the transmit element and the receive element, a transmit beam from the transmit element that can cause reflection-based self-interference at the receive element, or a wavelength of signaling used by the transmit element or the receive element. In some implementations, thickness 820 (such as width) of lens 805 can be approximately 30.0 mm, and thickness 825 of a portion of lens 805 not including the first curvature can be approximately 5.7 mm.

[0112] Fig. 9 An example lens design 900 that supports full-duplex communication is shown. Lens design 900 may implement or be implemented to implement aspects of any of wireless communication system 100, signaling diagram 200, transceiver and lens configuration 300, lens design 400, lens design 500, anti-reflective coating interface diagram 600, or reflection diagrams 700, 701, and 702. For example, a device (such as device 205 or device 210) may use lens 905 (such as lens 225, lens 230, lens 315, lens 405, or lens 505) configured according to lens design 900 to disperse or direct reflected signaling that leaves lens 905 away from receiving elements of the device. Lens design 900 may be such as Figure 3 Illustrated and referenced Figure 3An example of lens design 330-c is depicted, and thus, lens 905 may have a first surface 915 associated with a first curvature and a second surface 920 associated with a second curvature. In other words, lens design 900 may illustrate a positive meniscus lens design.

[0113] In some implementations, various sizes of lens 905 designed according to lens design 900 may allow diameter 910 of lens 905 to be approximately 101.6 mm. The radius 925 of the first curvature of first surface 915 and the radius 930 of the second curvature of second surface 920 may be the same (or approximately the same) or may be different. In addition, although radius 925 and radius 930 are illustrated as originating from a common point, radius 925 and radius 930 may originate from any point. For example, a sphere (such as an imaginary sphere) associated with radius 925 may have the same or different center point than a sphere (such as an imaginary sphere) associated with radius 930. According to implementations described herein, radius 925 and radius 930 may be set or configured based on the relative placement of a transmitting element and a receiving element, a transmit beam from a transmitting element that may cause reflection-based self-interference at a receiving element, or a wavelength of signaling used by a transmitting element or a receiving element. In some implementations, a thickness 935 (such as a width) of the lens 905 can be approximately 30.0 mm, and a thickness 940 of a portion of the lens 905 that does not include the first curvature can be approximately 5.7 mm.

[0114] Fig.10 A block diagram 1000 of an example device 1005 supporting a lens design for full-duplex communications is shown. The device 1005 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (such as wirelessly). The device 1005 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, a memory 1030, code 1035, a processor 1040, and a lens 1045. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (such as operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (such as bus 1050).

[0115] I / O controller 1010 can manage input and output signals of device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1005. In some implementations, I / O controller 1010 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some implementations, I / O controller 1010 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of a processor or processing system (such as the processor 1040). In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.

[0116] In some implementations, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other implementations, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025 that can concurrently transmit or receive multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025, wired or wireless links, as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for modulating packets, providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and for demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025.

[0117] In some implementations, the transceiver 1015 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1025 configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1025 configured to support various sending or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1015 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components, which are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1015, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025 and one or more processors or memory components (such as the processor 1040, or the memory 1030, or both) may be included in a chip or chip component installed in the device 1005.

[0118] The memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the processor 1040, but may cause a computer (such as when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1030 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0119] The processor 1040 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1005 (such as within the memory 1030). In some implementations, the processor 1040 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receive inputs and process those inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of the device 1005, for example). For example, the processing system of the device 1005 may refer to a system including various other components or subcomponents of the device 1005, such as the processor 1040, or the transceiver 1015, or the communication manager 1020, or other components or combinations of components of the device 1005.

[0120] The processing system of device 1005 may be docked with other components of device 1005, and may process information (such as input or signal) received from other components, or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 1005 may include a processing system and an interface for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. The interface may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information. In some specific implementations, the first interface may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, so that the device 1005 can send information output from the chip or modem. In some specific implementations, the second interface may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, so that the device 1005 can obtain information or signal input, and the information can be passed to the processing system. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0121] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 can support wireless communication at a device. For example, the communication manager 1020 can be configured to or otherwise support components for sending first signaling via a transmitting element of the device through a lens 1045, the lens 1045 including a first surface associated with a first curvature. The communication manager 1020 can be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving second signaling via a receiving element of the device through the lens 1045, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission at the lens 1045 by the transmitting element in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens 1045 to the receiving element.

[0122] In some implementations, the lens 1045 also includes an anti-reflection coating. In some implementations, the thickness of the anti-reflection coating is associated with an angle of the transmit beam from the transmit element that corresponds to reflection from the lens 1045 toward the receive element according to the first curvature.

[0123] In some implementations, the first curvature is configured to dissipate reflections from the lens 1045 toward the receiving element and focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens 1045 .

[0124] In some implementations, the thickness of the antireflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for transmission by the transmitting element or reception by the receiving element.

[0125] In some implementations, the lens 1045 also includes multiple anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different ones of the multiple anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths for transmission by the transmitting element or reception by the receiving element.

[0126] In some implementations, the lens 1045 further includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and a first direction of incident signaling at the lens 1045 and a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens 1045 are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface. In some implementations, the first signaling sent from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signaling received by the receiving element according to the first direction of the incident signaling at the lens 1045 and the second direction of the refracted signaling from the lens 1045. In some implementations, the second signaling received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signaling sent from the transmitting element according to the first direction of the incident signaling at the lens 1045 and the second direction of the refracted signaling from the lens 1045.

[0127] In some implementations, the first radius of the first curvature is less than the second radius of the second curvature. In some implementations, signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens 1045 before the second surface of the lens 1045. In some implementations, the transmission by the transmitting element and the reception by the receiving element overlap at least partially in frequency. In some implementations, the lens 1045 is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

[0128] In some implementations, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof to perform various operations (such as receiving, monitoring, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1020 is shown as a separate component, in some implementations, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or performed by the processor 1040, the memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to support various aspects of the lens design for full-duplex communication as described herein, or the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0129] Fig.11 A block diagram 1100 of an example device 1105 supporting a lens design for full-duplex communications is shown. The device 1105 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (such as wirelessly). The device 1105 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1120, a network communications manager 1110, a transceiver 1115, an antenna 1125, a memory 1130, code 1135, a processor 1140, an inter-station communications manager 1145, and a lens 1150. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (such as operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (such as bus 1055).

[0130] The network communications manager 1110 may manage communications with the core network 130 (such as via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager 1110 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices such as one or more UEs 115.

[0131] In some implementations, the device 1105 may include a single antenna 1125. However, in some other implementations, the device 1105 may have more than one antenna 1125 that can concurrently transmit or receive multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1115 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1125, wired or wireless links, as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1115 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1115 may also include a modem for modulating packets, providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1125 for transmission, and for demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1125.

[0132] In some implementations, the transceiver 1115 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1125 configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1125 configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1115 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1115, or the transceiver 1115 and one or more antennas 1125, or the transceiver 1115 and one or more antennas 1125 and one or more processors or memory components (such as the processor 1140, or the memory 1130, or both) may be included in a chip or chip component installed in the device 1105.

[0133] The memory 1130 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1130 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1135 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1140, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1135 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code 1135 may not be directly executable by the processor 1140, but may cause a computer (such as when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1130 may include, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0134] The processor 1140 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1105 (such as within the memory 1130). In some implementations, the processor 1140 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receive inputs and process those inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of the device 1105, for example). For example, the processing system of the device 1105 may refer to a system including various other components or subcomponents of the device 1105, such as the processor 1140, or the transceiver 1115, or the communication manager 1120, or other components or combinations of components of the device 1105.

[0135] The processing system of device 1105 may be docked with other components of device 1105, and may process information (such as input or signal) received from other components, or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of device 1105 may include a processing system and an interface for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. The interface may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information. In some specific implementations, the first interface may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, so that device 1105 can send information output from the chip or modem. In some specific implementations, the second interface may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, so that device 1105 can obtain information or signal input, and the information can be passed to the processing system. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0136] The inter-site communication manager 1145 can manage communications with other network entities 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with the UE 115 in cooperation with the other network entities 105. For example, the inter-site communication manager 1145 can coordinate scheduling of transmissions to the UE 115 for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some implementations, the inter-site communication manager 1145 can provide an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between the network entities 105.

[0137] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1120 can support wireless communication at the device. For example, the communication manager 1120 can be configured to or otherwise support components for sending first signaling via a transmitting element of the device through a lens 1150, the lens 1150 including a first surface associated with a first curvature. The communication manager 1120 can be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving second signaling via a receiving element of the device through the lens 1150, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission at the lens 1150 by the transmitting element in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens 1150 to the receiving element.

[0138] In some implementations, lens 1150 also includes an anti-reflection coating. In some implementations, the thickness of the anti-reflection coating is associated with an angle of the transmit beam from the transmit element that corresponds to reflection from lens 1150 toward the receive element according to the first curvature.

[0139] In some implementations, the first curvature is configured to dissipate reflections from the lens 1150 toward the receiving element and focus a signal associated with the transmit beam into the lens 1150 .

[0140] In some implementations, the thickness of the antireflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for transmission by the transmitting element or reception by the receiving element.

[0141] In some implementations, the lens 1150 also includes multiple anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different ones of the multiple anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths for transmission by the transmitting element or reception by the receiving element.

[0142] In some implementations, the lens 1150 further includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and a first direction of incident signaling at the lens 1150 and a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens 1150 are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface. In some implementations, the first signaling sent from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signaling received by the receiving element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens 1150 and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens 1150. In some implementations, the second signaling received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signaling sent from the transmitting element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens 1150 and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens 1150.

[0143] In some implementations, the first radius of the first curvature is less than the second radius of the second curvature. In some implementations, signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens 1150 before the second surface of the lens 1150. In some implementations, the transmission by the transmitting element and the reception by the receiving element overlap at least partially in frequency. In some implementations, the lens 1150 is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

[0144] In some implementations, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the transceiver 1115, one or more antennas 1125, or any combination thereof to perform various operations (such as receiving, monitoring, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1120 is shown as a separate component, in some implementations, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1120 may be supported or performed by the processor 1140, the memory 1130, the code 1135, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1135 may include instructions executable by the processor 1140 to cause the device 1105 to support various aspects of the lens design for full-duplex communication as described herein, or the processor 1140 and the memory 1130 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0145] Fig.12 A flowchart illustrating an example method 1200 for supporting a lens design for full-duplex communication is shown. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 11 The described functions may be performed by the UE 115 or the network entity 105. In some specific implementations, the UE or the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0146] At 1205, the method may include sending, via a sending element of the device, a first signaling through a lens, the lens including a first surface associated with a first curvature. The operations of 1205 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some implementations, various aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.10 or Fig.11 The communication manager 1020 or the communication manager 1120 described above may be used for execution.

[0147] At 1210, the method may include receiving, via a receiving element of the device, a second signaling through a lens, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element. The operations of 1210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed as described with reference to Fig.10 or Fig.11 The communication manager 1020 or the communication manager 1120 described above may be used for execution.

[0148] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0149] Aspect 1: A device comprising: a lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; a transmitting element operable to transmit through the lens; and a receiving element operable to receive through the lens, wherein the first curvature enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element in a first direction of incident signaling at the lens and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0150] Aspect 2: The device according to Aspect 1, wherein the lens further comprises an anti-reflection coating, and the thickness of the anti-reflection coating is associated with the angle of the transmission beam from the transmitting element, the angle corresponding to the reflection from the lens toward the receiving element according to the first curvature.

[0151] Aspect 3: The apparatus according to aspect 2, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflection from the lens toward the receiving element and focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

[0152] Aspect 4: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 2 or 3, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

[0153] Aspect 5: A device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the lens further comprises a plurality of anti-reflection coatings at different thicknesses, and different anti-reflection coatings among the plurality of anti-reflection coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission performed by the transmitting element or the reception performed by the receiving element.

[0154] Aspect 6: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the lens also includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the first signal sent from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signal received by the receiving element, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the second signal received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signal sent from the transmitting element.

[0155] Aspect 7: The device according to aspect 6, wherein the first radius of the first surface is smaller than the second radius of the second surface.

[0156] Aspect 8: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 6 or 7, wherein the signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

[0157] Aspect 9: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the transmission performed by the transmission element and the reception performed by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

[0158] Aspect 10: The device according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

[0159] Aspect 11: A method for performing wireless communication at a device, comprising: sending a first signaling via a transmitting element of the device through a lens, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; and receiving a second signaling via a receiving element of the device through the lens, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables the transmitting element to simultaneously transmit at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and to receive by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0160] Aspect 12: A method according to Aspect 11, wherein the lens further comprises an anti-reflection coating, and a thickness of the anti-reflection coating is associated with an angle of a transmission beam from the transmitting element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receiving element according to the first curvature.

[0161] Aspect 13: The method according to aspect 12, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflection from the lens toward the receiving element and focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

[0162] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 12 or 13, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

[0163] Aspect 15: A method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 14, wherein the lens further comprises a plurality of anti-reflection coatings at different thicknesses, and different anti-reflection coatings among the plurality of anti-reflection coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission performed by the transmitting element or the reception performed by the receiving element.

[0164] Aspect 16: A method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 15, wherein the lens also includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the first signal sent from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signal received by the receiving element, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the second signal received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signal sent from the transmitting element.

[0165] Aspect 17: The method according to aspect 16, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

[0166] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 16 or 17, wherein the signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

[0167] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 11 to 18, wherein the transmission performed by the transmission element and the reception performed by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

[0168] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 11 to 19, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

[0169] Aspect 21: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, comprising: an interface, the interface being configured to: output a first signaling via a transmitting element of the device through a lens, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; and obtain a second signaling via a receiving element of the device through the lens, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables the transmitting element to simultaneously transmit at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and to receive by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0170] Aspect 22: An apparatus according to Aspect 21, wherein: the lens also includes an anti-reflection coating; and the thickness of the anti-reflection coating is associated with the angle of the transmission beam from the transmitting element, and the angle corresponds to the reflection from the lens toward the receiving element according to the first curvature.

[0171] Aspect 23: The apparatus of aspect 22, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflection from the lens toward the receiving element and focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

[0172] Aspect 24: The apparatus of any one of Aspects 22 or 23, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

[0173] Aspect 25: A device according to any one of Aspects 21 to 24, wherein the lens further includes multiple anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different anti-reflective coatings among the multiple anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission performed by the transmitting element or the reception performed by the receiving element.

[0174] Aspect 26: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 21 to 25, wherein the lens also includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and wherein: according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the first signal output from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signal obtained by the receiving element; and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the second signal obtained at the receiving element is directed away from the first signal output from the transmitting element.

[0175] Aspect 27: The apparatus of aspect 26, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

[0176] Aspect 28: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 26 or 27, wherein the signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

[0177] Aspect 29: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 21 to 28, wherein the transmission performed by the transmission element and the reception performed by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

[0178] Aspect 30: The device of any one of Aspects 21 to 29, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

[0179] Aspect 31: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the following operations: sending a first signal through a lens via a transmitting element of the device, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; and receiving a second signal through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables the transmitting element to simultaneously transmit at the lens in a first direction of an incident signal and to receive by the receiving element in a second direction of a refracted signal from the lens to the receiving element.

[0180] Aspect 32: An apparatus according to Aspect 31, wherein the lens further comprises an anti-reflection coating, and a thickness of the anti-reflection coating is associated with an angle of a transmission beam from the transmitting element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receiving element according to the first curvature.

[0181] Aspect 33: The apparatus according to Aspect 32, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflection from the lens toward the receiving element and focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

[0182] Aspect 34: The apparatus of any one of Aspects 32 or 33, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

[0183] Aspect 35: A device according to any one of Aspects 31 to 34, wherein the lens further includes multiple anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different anti-reflective coatings among the multiple anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission performed by the transmitting element or the reception performed by the receiving element.

[0184] Aspect 36: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 31 to 35, wherein the lens also includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the first signal sent from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signal received by the receiving element, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the second signal received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signal sent from the transmitting element.

[0185] Aspect 37: The apparatus of aspect 36, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

[0186] Aspect 38: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 36 or 37, wherein the signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

[0187] Aspect 39: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 31 to 38, wherein the transmission performed by the transmission element and the reception performed by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

[0188] Aspect 40: The device of any one of Aspects 31 to 39, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

[0189] Aspect 41: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, comprising: a component for sending a first signal through a lens via a transmitting element of the device, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; and a component for receiving a second signal through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables the transmitting element to simultaneously transmit at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and to receive by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0190] Aspect 42: An apparatus according to Aspect 41, wherein the lens further comprises an anti-reflection coating, and a thickness of the anti-reflection coating is associated with an angle of a transmission beam from the transmitting element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receiving element according to the first curvature.

[0191] Aspect 43: The apparatus of aspect 42, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflection from the lens toward the receiving element and focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

[0192] Aspect 44: The apparatus of any one of Aspects 42 or 43, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

[0193] Aspect 45: A device according to any one of Aspects 41 to 44, wherein the lens further includes multiple anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different anti-reflective coatings among the multiple anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission performed by the transmitting element or the reception performed by the receiving element.

[0194] Aspect 46: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 41 to 45, wherein the lens also includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the first signal sent from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signal received by the receiving element, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the second signal received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signal sent from the transmitting element.

[0195] Aspect 47: The apparatus of aspect 46, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

[0196] Aspect 48: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 46 or 47, wherein the signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

[0197] Aspect 49: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 41 to 48, wherein the transmission performed by the transmitting element and the reception performed by the receiving element at least partially overlap in frequency.

[0198] Aspect 50: The device of any one of Aspects 41 to 49, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

[0199] Aspect 51: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the following operations: sending a first signaling through a lens via a transmitting element of the device, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; and receiving a second signaling through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

[0200] Aspect 52: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 51, wherein the lens further comprises an anti-reflective coating, and a thickness of the anti-reflective coating is associated with an angle of a transmitted beam from the transmitting element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receiving element according to the first curvature.

[0201] Aspect 53: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of aspect 52, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflection from the lens toward the receiving element and focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

[0202] Aspect 54: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 52 or 53, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

[0203] Aspect 55: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 51 to 54, wherein the lens further comprises a plurality of anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different anti-reflective coatings among the plurality of anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

[0204] Aspect 56: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 51 to 55, wherein the lens also includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the first signal sent from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signal received by the receiving element, and according to the first direction of the incident signal at the lens and the second direction of the refracted signal from the lens, the second signal received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signal sent from the transmitting element.

[0205] Aspect 57: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of aspect 56, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

[0206] Aspect 58: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of aspects 56 or 57, wherein the signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

[0207] Aspect 59: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of aspects 51 to 58, wherein the transmission by the transmission element and the reception by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

[0208] Aspect 60: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of Aspects 51 to 59, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

[0209] As used herein, the term "determine" or "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and thus, "determine" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (such as via searching in a table, database, or other data structure), reasoning, ascertaining, and similar actions. Additionally, "determine" may include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data in a memory), and similar actions. Additionally, "determine" may include parsing, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0210] As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of those items (including single members). As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc.

[0211] The various illustrative logic components, logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the specific implementations disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been generally described in terms of functionality and is exemplified in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0212] The hardware and data processing apparatus for implementing the various illustrative logic components, logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose single-chip or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some implementations, specific processes and methods may be performed by circuits specific to a given function.

[0213] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in any combination thereof. Specific implementations of the subject matter described in this specification may also be implemented as one or more computer programs, such as one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on computer storage media for execution by a data processing device or for controlling the operation of a data processing device.

[0214] If implemented in software, the function can be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium or sent through a computer-readable medium. The process of the method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented in a processor executable software module that can reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, and communication media include any medium that can realize the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage devices, disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and can be accessed by a computer. In addition, any connection can be appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. Disks and optical disks as used herein include compact disks (CDs), laser disks, optical disks, digital versatile disks (DVDs), floppy disks and blue-ray disks, wherein disks usually magnetically replicate data, and optical disks optically replicate data with lasers. The above combination should also be included in the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as a code and instruction set, or any combination of code and instruction sets, on a machine-readable medium or computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0215] Various modifications to the specific implementations described in this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other specific implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the specific implementations shown herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the disclosure, the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0216] Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the terms "upper" and "lower" are sometimes used for ease of describing the drawings and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the drawings on a correctly oriented page, and may not reflect the correct orientation of any device as implemented.

[0217] Certain features described in this specification in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations individually or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, while features may be described above as functioning in some combination and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination may be removed from the combination, and a claimed combination may involve subcombinations or variations of subcombinations.

[0218] Similarly, although the operations are depicted in a specific order in the figure, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order, or to perform all illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. In addition, the accompanying drawings can schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flow chart. However, other operations not depicted can be incorporated into the example process schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, at the same time, or between any operations in the illustrated operation. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of each system component in the specific implementation described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all specific implementations, but it should be understood that the described program components and systems can usually be integrated together in a single software product, or be packaged in multiple software products. In addition, other specific implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some specific implementations, the actions narrated in the claims can be performed in different orders and still achieve the desired result.

Claims

1. A device comprising: a lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; a transmitting element operable to transmit through the lens; and A receiving element operable to receive through the lens, wherein the first curvature enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The lens further comprises an anti-reflective coating; and The thickness of the antireflection coating is associated with an angle of a transmit beam from the transmit element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receive element according to the first curvature.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflections from the lens toward the receiving element and to focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the lens further comprises a plurality of anti-reflection coatings at different thicknesses, and different ones of the plurality of anti-reflection coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lens further comprises a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and wherein: first signaling transmitted from the transmitting element is directed away from second signaling received by the receiving element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens; and The second signaling received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signaling transmitted from the transmitting element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens. The device of claim 6 , wherein the first radius of the first surface is smaller than the second radius of the second surface.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmission by the transmission element and the reception by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

11. An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising: interface, the interface being configured as: outputting, via a transmitting element of the device, a first signal through a lens, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; as well as A second signaling is obtained through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

12. The device according to claim 11, wherein: The lens further comprises an anti-reflective coating; and The thickness of the antireflection coating is associated with an angle of a transmit beam from the transmit element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receive element according to the first curvature.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflections from the lens toward the receiving element and to focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the lens further comprises a plurality of anti-reflection coatings at different thicknesses, and different ones of the plurality of anti-reflection coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the lens further comprises a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and wherein: The first signaling output from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signaling obtained by the receiving element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens; and According to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens, the second signaling obtained at the receiving element is directed away from the first signaling output from the transmitting element.

17. The device of claim 16, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the transmission by the transmission element and the reception by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

20. The device of claim 11, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

21. A method for wireless communication at a device, comprising: transmitting, via a transmitting element of the device, a first signaling through a lens, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; as well as A second signaling is received through the lens by a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein: The lens further comprises an anti-reflective coating; and The thickness of the antireflection coating is associated with an angle of a transmit beam from the transmit element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receive element according to the first curvature.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflections from the lens toward the receiving element and focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the lens further comprises a plurality of anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different ones of the plurality of anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein the lens further comprises a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and wherein: the first signaling transmitted from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signaling received by the receiving element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens; and The second signaling received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signaling transmitted from the transmitting element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

29. The method of claim 21, wherein the transmitting by the transmitting element and the receiving by the receiving element at least partially overlap in frequency.

30. The method of claim 21, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

31. An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising: processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmitting, via a transmitting element of the device, a first signaling through a lens, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; as well as A second signaling is received through the lens by a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein: The lens further comprises an anti-reflective coating; and The thickness of the antireflection coating is associated with an angle of a transmit beam from the transmit element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receive element according to the first curvature.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflections from the lens toward the receiving element and to focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

35. A device according to claim 31, wherein the lens further comprises a plurality of anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different anti-reflective coatings among the plurality of anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission performed by the transmitting element or the reception performed by the receiving element.

36. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the lens further comprises a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and wherein: the first signaling transmitted from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signaling received by the receiving element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens; and The second signaling received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signaling transmitted from the transmitting element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens.

37. The device of claim 36, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

38. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

39. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the transmission by the transmission element and the reception by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

40. The device of claim 31, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

41. An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising: means for transmitting, via a transmitting element of the device, a first signaling through a lens, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; and Means for receiving second signaling through the lens via a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein: The lens further comprises an anti-reflective coating; and The thickness of the antireflection coating is associated with an angle of a transmit beam from the transmit element, the angle corresponding to a reflection from the lens toward the receive element according to the first curvature.

43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the first curvature is configured to dissipate the reflections from the lens toward the receiving element and to focus signaling associated with the transmit beam into the lens.

44. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflective coating is further associated with a set of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

45. A device according to claim 41, wherein the lens further comprises a plurality of anti-reflective coatings at different thicknesses, and different anti-reflective coatings among the plurality of anti-reflective coatings are associated with different sets of one or more wavelengths used for the transmission by the transmitting element or the reception by the receiving element.

46. ​​The apparatus of claim 41, wherein: The lens further includes a second surface associated with a second curvature, and the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens are associated with a first radius of the first surface and a second radius of the second surface, and The first signaling transmitted from the transmitting element is directed away from the second signaling received by the receiving element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens, and The second signaling received at the receiving element is directed away from the first signaling transmitted from the transmitting element according to the first direction of incident signaling at the lens and the second direction of refracted signaling from the lens.

47. The device of claim 46, wherein the first radius of the first curvature is smaller than the second radius of the second curvature.

48. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein signaling from the transmitting element passes through the first surface of the lens before the second surface of the lens.

49. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the transmission by the transmission element and the reception by the reception element at least partially overlap in frequency.

50. The device of claim 41, wherein the lens is a plano-convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

51. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to: transmitting, via a transmitting element of the device, a first signaling through a lens, the lens comprising a first surface associated with a first curvature; and A second signaling is received through the lens by a receiving element of the device, wherein the first curvature of the first surface enables simultaneous transmission by the transmitting element at the lens in a first direction of incident signaling and reception by the receiving element in a second direction of refracted signaling from the lens to the receiving element.

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