Crop straw quantitative layered uniform mixing and field returning device

Abstract

The application discloses a crop straw ration stratified uniform mixing and field returning device, which comprises a straw collecting mechanism, a fan conveying mechanism, a shunt mechanism, a furrow opener assembly, a uniform mixing assembly and a soil covering assembly. A straw pickup device and a straw conveyor are arranged at the front end of the device, which are used for collecting the scattered straw in the field and performing pretreatment before field returning. The treated straw is sucked into a straw ration shunt box through a centrifugal fan, is rationed into a shunt guide pipe according to the field returning requirement and is discharged into a furrow according to the straw field returning depth requirement, then the straw is uniformly mixed with the soil under the action of the uniform mixing assembly, and the soil dug by the furrow opener is backfilled and buried through the soil covering device. The centrifugal fan shunt principle is utilized, different cross-section air ducts are arranged to obtain straw with different volume numbers, and the ration stratified uniform mixing and field returning of the straw are realized under the action of the furrow opener assembly and the uniform mixing assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop straw return technology, specifically relating to a device for quantitatively layered and uniformly mixed return of crop straw to the field. Background Technology

[0002] In agriculture, plant stalks are rich in organic matter, mineral nutrients, and energy, making them a valuable renewable resource. my country produces nearly 1 billion tons of crop straw annually, which can be widely used for various purposes such as animal feed, fuel, papermaking, and returning straw to the field. Returning straw to the field is a method of applying straw unsuitable for direct animal feed (such as wheat straw, corn straw, and rice straw) directly or after composting it into the soil. After being returned to the farmland, it decomposes over a period of time, transforming into organic matter and readily available nutrients, improving soil physical and chemical properties, and also supplying certain nutrients such as potassium. Returning straw to the field promotes water conservation, cost reduction, increased yield, and improved efficiency in agriculture, and is highly valued in environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] Straw decomposes very slowly after being buried in the soil, which can have varying degrees of impact on the sowing of the next crop and seriously affect the efficiency of field operations. In the process of returning straw to the field, the depth and quantity of straw burial, as well as the quality of straw mixing with the soil, will all affect the natural decomposition speed of straw and the sowing quality of the next crop.

[0004] In the process of straw return to the field, the straw burial depth, the amount of straw distributed at different depths, and the quality of straw mixing with the soil are important indicators for evaluating the performance of straw return. The soil tillage layer is generally 15-20 cm thick, while the crop sowing layer is 0-5 cm. If the soil in the sowing layer contains a large amount of buried straw, it will seriously affect the sowing quality. Studies have shown that in current straw return devices, the straw content in the sowing layer soil is greater than 60% of the total straw amount. This results in excessively high seedbed porosity when sowing the next crop, which is not conducive to seed germination and root development. Furthermore, an unreasonable straw burial depth is detrimental to sowing quality and the speed of straw decomposition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a device for quantitatively layered and uniformly mixed return of crop straw to the field. Utilizing the principle of centrifugal fan diversion, air ducts with different cross-sections are set up to obtain straw of different volumes. Under the action of furrow opener components, uniform mixing components, and soil covering components at different depths, the tillage layer is divided into layers, and the corresponding amount of straw is configured for each tillage layer, thereby achieving quantitatively layered and uniformly mixed return of straw to the field.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a device for quantitatively layered and uniformly mixed return of crop straw to the field, comprising a straw collection mechanism, a blower conveying mechanism, a diversion mechanism, a furrow opener assembly, a uniform mixing assembly, and a soil covering assembly;

[0008] The fan conveying mechanism includes a centrifugal fan, the diversion mechanism includes a diversion box and a diversion conduit assembly, the centrifugal fan is connected to the straw collection mechanism and the diversion box, the diversion conduit assembly includes several diversion conduits with their front ends connected to the diversion box and their ends pointing downwards, a furrow opener assembly is correspondingly arranged in front of the diversion conduit, and a uniform mixing assembly and a soil covering assembly are sequentially arranged behind each diversion conduit;

[0009] The diversion conduit includes deep soil conduits and shallow soil conduits arranged in front and behind each other; the trenching assembly includes deep soil trenchers and shallow soil trenchers of different heights, which are respectively arranged in front of the deep soil conduits and shallow soil conduits.

[0010] Furthermore, the straw collection mechanism includes a collection box, which is equipped with a straw crushing mechanism for crushing straw. The inlet of the centrifugal fan is connected to the bottom of the collection box, and the outlet of the centrifugal fan is connected to a distribution box.

[0011] Furthermore, the collection box is connected to a straw conveying mechanism, which includes a straw picker for picking up straw scattered on the ground and a straw conveyor for conveying straw into the straw collection box.

[0012] The straw conveyor is inclined and is driven by several rollers to move the conveying surface. One end of the conveyor is connected to a straw picker, and the other end is located above the straw collection mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the deep soil layer conduit and the shallow soil layer conduit are cylindrical with different diameters, and the diversion box is provided with several holes of different diameters for connecting the diversion conduits.

[0014] Furthermore, the diversion conduit is composed of two materials, wherein the part connected to the diversion box is made of soft material, and the part of the conduit entering the soil is made of hard material.

[0015] Furthermore, the homogenizing assembly includes a deep soil homogenizer and a shallow soil homogenizer located at different heights behind the deep soil conduit and the shallow soil conduit, respectively. The homogenizing cutter rollers in the deep soil homogenizer and the shallow soil homogenizer enter the soil vertically. The upper part of the homogenizing cutter roller is a smooth rod, and the bottom working part is a spiral structure.

[0016] Furthermore, the spiral length of the working part at the bottom of the uniform mixing roller is 5cm, and the depth of penetration into the soil is consistent with the bottom of the trench opened by the corresponding trencher.

[0017] Furthermore, the centrifugal fan, the distribution box, and the soil covering assembly are supported by a chassis, and the chassis is provided with mounting holes for the distribution conduit to pass through. The top of the trencher assembly is connected to the chassis.

[0018] Furthermore, the soil covering assembly includes two disc-shaped and vertically arranged soil covering plates, which are arranged in a funnel shape and connected by a connecting mechanism. The top of the connecting mechanism is connected to the chassis by a support rod.

[0019] Furthermore, a pressing roller for pressing and leveling the ground surface is located at the rear of the chassis, and the surface of the pressing roller has a serrated structure.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1) This invention collects scattered straw in the field and distributes it using airflow principles. It also includes deep and shallow soil diggers of different heights, with the diggers positioned in front and behind each other. The front diggers create deeper trenches, while the rear diggers create shallower trenches. After the deep soil diggers create trenches, the straw enters the deep trenches through corresponding deep soil guide pipes. It is then mixed by a corresponding deep soil mixer, and the soil excavated by the diggers is covered back into the trenches by a covering component. Afterward, the shallow soil diggers excavate a new shallow trench. The straw is introduced into shallow ditches through corresponding shallow soil layer guide pipes. Different diameter diversion guide pipes are used to avoid the soil at the sowing layer depth, and the collected straw is quantitatively introduced into soil layers at different depths. When entering the shallow ditches through the corresponding shallow soil layer guide pipes, a gap layer is left above the shallow ditches for the sowing layer. In this way, the cultivated layer is divided into 3 layers: no straw diversion in the 0-5cm sowing layer, 40% of the straw diversion in the 6-12cm soil layer, and 60% of the straw diversion in the 13-20cm soil layer, so as to achieve a reasonable distribution of straw in the soil space.

[0022] The reasonable straw burial depth described in this application not only improves sowing quality but also accelerates the natural decomposition of straw. Furthermore, the 13-20cm soil layer is the layer where seed roots are most developed, and this layer, rich in organic matter, provides an optimal growth environment for the seeds.

[0023] 2) In the uniform mixing component of the present invention, the upper part of the uniform mixing cutter roller is a smooth rod, and the working part is a spiral structure. The uniform mixing cutter roller only stirs the soil containing straw within a 5cm range, while other soil layers remain stationary. This achieves uniform mixing of straw and soil in different soil layers, reduces soil disturbance in other soil layers, and greatly reduces the power consumption of the whole machine without damaging the uniform mixing effect in other soil layers.

[0024] 3) The diversion conduit in this invention is made of soft material and hard material. The part connected to the diversion box is made of soft material and the part inserted into the soil is made of hard material. There are a large number of diversion conduits and there are distance requirements. Soft material is conducive to the spatial arrangement of diversion conduits, while hard material is conducive to being inserted into the soil and will not be blocked due to deformation after being inserted into the soil.

[0025] In summary, this invention proposes a method for quantitatively and layeredly returning crop straw to the soil. This device is universally applicable and can be used in the direct return of crop stalks such as corn, wheat, and rice to the field. It buries the straw in layers at two different soil depths according to a certain quantity, achieving uniform mixing of the soil and straw. Depending on actual needs, it can also be used for uniform mixing and burying at one or more soil depths. The amount of straw at different soil depths can be evenly distributed or distributed according to a certain proportion as needed. Furthermore, this method of uniformly mixing straw and soil in different soil layers fills a gap in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the quantitative diversion component;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the trencher assembly.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the homogenization component;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering component;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the press roller;

[0032] Reference numerals: 1. Straw picker; 2. Straw conveyor; 3. Straw collection mechanism; 301. Crushing mechanism; 302. Collection box; 4. Chassis; 5. Centrifugal fan; 501. Inlet; 502. Outlet; 6. Diverter box; 601. Deep soil layer guide pipe; 602. Shallow soil layer guide pipe; 7. Furrow opener assembly; 701. Deep soil layer furrow opener; 702. Shallow soil layer furrow opener; 8. Mixing assembly; 801. Deep soil layer mixer; 802. Shallow soil layer mixer; 9. Covering assembly; 901. Covering disc; 902. Support rod; 10. Pressing roller. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The working principle of this invention is as follows: using the airflow principle, straw of different masses is distributed into diversion pipes of different diameters to achieve quantitative straw transportation. The depth of the furrow opener is different, and the depth of the furrow opened is also different. In conjunction with the diversion pipes, the straw is introduced into the furrows of different depths to achieve layered straw return to the field. Then, the uniform mixing roller is used to mix the straw and soil of different soil layers to achieve uniform mixing. The soil covering component 9 backfills the soil discharged by the furrow opener, and buries the straw introduced into the bottom of the furrow and uniformly mixed with the soil. Then, the surface soil is further compacted and leveled by the compactor 10.

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a device for quantitative layered uniform mixing and returning crop straw to the field, including a straw collection mechanism 3, a fan conveying mechanism, a diversion mechanism, a furrow opener assembly 7, a uniform mixing assembly 8, and a soil covering assembly 9.

[0037] The straw collection mechanism 3 includes a collection box 302, inside which is a straw crushing mechanism 301. The straw crushing mechanism 301 further crushes the straw in the collection box, and the crushing length is adjustable to meet different straw crushing length requirements. The collection box 302 is connected to a straw conveying mechanism, which includes a straw picker 1 for picking up straw scattered on the ground and a straw conveyor 2 for conveying straw into the straw collection box 302.

[0038] The straw conveyor 2 is inclined and is driven by several rollers to move the conveying surface. One end of the conveyor near the ground is connected to the straw picker 1, and the other end is located above the straw collection mechanism 3. That is, the straw picker 1 is located at the front of the machine to pick up and collect the straw scattered in the field, and the straw conveyor 2 is located behind the picker to transport the picked-up straw into the collection box, which is located below and behind the conveyor.

[0039] The blower conveying mechanism includes a centrifugal blower 5, which is located below the collection box. Its high-speed rotation creates a negative pressure zone at the intake port, drawing the crushed straw from the collection box into the centrifugal blower 5. Under centrifugal force, the straw is then guided from the exhaust port into a diversion mechanism. The diversion mechanism is located directly behind the centrifugal blower and includes a diversion box 6 and a diversion conduit assembly. The intake port 501 of the centrifugal blower 5 is connected to the bottom of the collection box 302, and its outlet 502 is connected to the diversion box 6. The diversion conduit assembly includes several diversion conduits with their bottoms facing downwards. The number of components is determined according to the machine's working width. The diversion box 6 has several holes for connecting the diversion conduits. A furrow opener assembly 7 is correspondingly located in front of each row of diversion conduits. The diversion box 6 quantitatively conveys the straw into the furrows opened by the furrow opener through the diversion conduits. A uniform mixing assembly 8 and a soil covering assembly 9 are sequentially located behind each diversion conduit.

[0040] The diversion conduit includes deep soil layer conduits 601 and shallow soil layer conduits 602 arranged in front and behind each other. The deep soil layer conduits 601 and shallow soil layer conduits 602 have different heights, with the deep soil layer conduit 601 being taller. The diversion conduits can be composed of cylindrical conduits of different diameters, with the deep soil layer conduit 60 having the largest diameter. The diversion box 6 is equipped with several sets of holes of different diameters. Different diameters allow different amounts of straw to pass through, achieving quantitative straw diversion.

[0041] The diversion conduit is made of two materials. The part connected to the diversion box 6 is made of soft material (such as plastic), which is conducive to the spatial arrangement of multiple diversion pipes. The part of the conduit that enters the soil is made of hard material (such as steel), which ensures that the conduit entering the soil will not deform under external force and reduces the blockage of straw in the conduit during the soil entry process.

[0042] The furrow opener is configured with two furrowing depths according to the required straw burial depth. The two types of furrow openers are arranged in a corresponding manner, with the front row of furrow openers creating deeper furrows and the rear row creating shallower furrows. Alternatively, it can be configured with one or more furrowing depths as needed. Furrow openers of multiple depths should be arranged in sequence according to the rule of deeper furrows in front and shallower furrows in the back. That is, the furrow opener assembly 7 includes deep soil furrow openers 701 and shallow soil furrow openers 702 of different heights, which are respectively arranged in front of the deep soil conduit 601 and the shallow soil conduit 602.

[0043] A mixing assembly 8 is positioned behind each group of flow guide pipes to mix the straw introduced into trenches of different depths with the surrounding soil. The mixing assembly 8 includes two types of mixing rollers, the structure of which matches the depth of the trenches opened by the furrow opener. Specifically, the mixing assembly 8 includes a deep soil mixer 801 and a shallow soil mixer 802, located at different heights behind the deep soil guide pipe 601 and the shallow soil guide pipe 602, respectively.

[0044] The mixing rollers in the deep soil leveler 801 and the shallow soil leveler 802 enter the soil vertically. The upper part of the mixing roller is a smooth rod, and the bottom working part is a spiral structure. The spiral length of the bottom working part of the mixing roller is 5cm, and the soil penetration depth is consistent with the bottom of the trench opened by the corresponding furrow opener; that is, the mixing roller only stirs the soil containing straw within a 5cm range, without disturbing the soil in other soil layers.

[0045] A soil covering component is provided behind the homogenizing component 8. The soil covering component 9 includes two disc-shaped and vertically arranged soil covering discs 901. The two soil covering discs 901 are installed together at a certain angle, that is, they are arranged in a trumpet shape and connected by a connecting mechanism. The top of the connecting mechanism is connected to the chassis 4 by a support rod 902.

[0046] Furthermore, a pressing roller 10 is provided at the rear of the device, and the surface of the pressing roller 10 has a serrated structure.

[0047] Furthermore, the centrifugal fan 5 and the distribution box 6 are supported by the chassis 4, and the chassis 4 is provided with mounting holes for the distribution conduit to pass through.

[0048] Working process: The straw collector 1 picks up and collects the straw scattered on the ground. The straw conveyor 2 transports the straw to the collection box 3. The straw crushing mechanism 301 further crushes the straw in the collection box. Under the action of the centrifugal fan 5, the straw is sucked into the centrifugal fan housing from the centrifugal fan inlet 501 and enters the diversion conduit assembly 6 from the outlet 502. Through the conduit assembly 6, it enters the soil layers of different depths opened by the furrow opener 7. Specifically, the furrows opened by the front furrow opener are deeper, and the furrows opened by the rear furrow opener are shallower. After the deep soil layer furrow opener 701 opens the furrow, the straw enters through the corresponding deep soil layer conduit 601. In the deep trench, after the soil is mixed by the corresponding deep soil mixer 801, the soil excavated by the trencher is covered by the corresponding covering component 9 and then buried in the trench. Then, the shallow soil trencher 702 located behind it excavates a shallow trench. The straw enters the shallow trench through the corresponding shallow soil guide pipe 802 and is evenly mixed with the soil under the action of the shallow soil mixer 802. Then, the soil excavated by the trencher is covered by the corresponding covering component 9 and then buried in the trench for backfilling and burying. Finally, the surface soil is compacted and leveled by the press roller 10. During the operation, the shallow soil working parts do not disturb the deep soil layer that has been evenly mixed into the soil.

[0049] It should be noted that although the present invention has been described through the above embodiments, the present invention may have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can obviously make various corresponding changes and modifications to the present invention, but all such changes and modifications should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing and returning crop straw to the field, characterized in that: Includes a straw collection mechanism (3), a blower conveying mechanism, a diversion mechanism, a furrow opener assembly (7), a uniform mixing assembly (8), and a soil covering assembly (9); The blower conveying mechanism includes a centrifugal blower (5), the diversion mechanism includes a diversion box (6) and a diversion conduit assembly. The centrifugal blower (5) is connected to the straw collection mechanism (3) and the diversion box (6). The diversion conduit assembly includes several diversion conduits with their front ends connected to the diversion box (6) and their ends pointing downwards. A furrow opener assembly (7) is correspondingly arranged in front of the diversion conduit, and a uniform mixing assembly (8) and a soil covering assembly (9) are sequentially arranged behind each diversion conduit. The diversion conduit includes deep soil conduit (601) and shallow soil conduit (602) arranged in front and behind corresponding rows; the trencher assembly (7) includes deep soil trenchers (701) and shallow soil trenchers (702) of different heights, and the deep soil trenchers (701) and shallow soil trenchers (702) are respectively arranged in front of the deep soil conduit (601) and the shallow soil conduit (602); The deep soil conduit (601) and the shallow soil conduit (602) are cylindrical and have different diameters. The diversion box (6) is provided with several holes of different diameters for connecting the diversion conduits. The homogenizing assembly (8) includes a deep soil homogenizer (801) and a shallow soil homogenizer (802) located at different heights behind the deep soil conduit (601) and the shallow soil conduit (602), respectively. The homogenizing cutter rollers in the deep soil homogenizer (801) and the shallow soil homogenizer (802) enter the soil vertically. The upper part of the homogenizing cutter roller is a smooth rod, and the bottom working part is a spiral structure. The spiral length of the bottom working part of the homogenizing cutter roller is 5cm, and the depth of penetration into the soil is consistent with the bottom of the trench opened by the corresponding trencher.

2. The crop straw quantitative stratified uniform mixing and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw collection mechanism (3) includes a collection box (302), and a straw crushing mechanism (301) for crushing straw is provided in the collection box (302). The inlet (501) of the centrifugal fan (5) is connected to the bottom of the collection box (302), and the outlet (502) of the centrifugal fan (5) is connected to the diversion box (6).

3. The crop straw quantitative layered uniform mixing and returning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collection box (302) is connected to a straw conveying mechanism, which includes a straw picker (1) for picking up straw scattered on the ground and a straw conveyor (2) for conveying straw into the straw collection box (302). The straw conveyor (2) is set at an angle, and its conveying surface is moved by several rollers. One end of it is connected to a straw picker (1) near the ground, and the other end is located above the straw collection mechanism (3).

4. The crop straw quantitative stratified uniform mixing and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diversion conduit is made of two materials, with the part connected to the diversion box (6) being made of soft material and the part of the conduit entering the soil being made of hard material.

5. The device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing and returning crop straw to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal fan (5), the diversion box (6), and the soil covering assembly (9) are supported by the chassis (4), and the chassis (4) is provided with mounting holes for the diversion conduit to pass through. The top of the trencher assembly (7) is connected to the chassis (4).

6. A device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing and returning crop straw to the field according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The soil covering component (9) includes two disc-shaped and vertically arranged soil covering discs (901). The two soil covering discs (901) are arranged in a funnel shape and connected by a connecting mechanism. The top of the connecting mechanism is connected to the chassis (4) by a support rod (902).

7. The crop straw quantitative layered uniform mixing and returning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A pressing roller (10) for pressing and leveling the ground surface is provided at the rear of the chassis (4), and the surface of the pressing roller (10) is a serrated structure.

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