A carbon account data management system, method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

This application discloses a carbon account data management system, method, apparatus, device, and medium. A carbon account management device creates a carbon account and determines a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the accumulated carbon emission reduction value. The first triplet is then sent to a blockchain management device, which updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet. The carbon account management device obtains the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the carbon account's transaction information, determines a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, and then sends the second triplet to the blockchain management device. The blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet. The carbon account management device sends the ledger containing the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to an audit device, which determines the audit result of the ledger. This invention provides a highly secure solution for carbon account data management and carbon account ledger auditing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of environmental protection and energy conservation technology, and in particular to a carbon account data management system, method, device, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0002] Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a major strategic decision made by my country within the broader global context, aimed at promoting green, healthy, and high-quality economic and social development. Building a green, low-carbon society requires not only changes on the production side but also the active participation of consumers, fostering comprehensive reform of the entire industrial chain. Individuals play a key role in driving society towards green and low-carbon goals, and the establishment and development of personal carbon accounts has become a crucial tool for promoting low-carbon initiatives. Currently, the exploration of personal carbon accounts demonstrates a flourishing trend, with multiple stakeholders, including local governments, businesses, platforms, and financial institutions, contributing to the development of these accounts.

[0003] Carbon accounting data management solutions in existing technologies generally focus on the calculation of carbon emission reductions and the interconnection and interoperability of carbon accounting data between institutions. However, there is currently no relevant solution for the auditing of carbon accounting ledgers, especially the auditing of the security of carbon accounting ledgers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a carbon account data management system, method, apparatus, device and medium for providing a highly secure solution for carbon account data management and carbon account ledger auditing.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a carbon account data management system, the system comprising: a carbon account management device, a blockchain management device, and an audit device;

[0006] The carbon account management device is configured to create a carbon account, receive a cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by a trusted execution environment (TEE), determine a first triplet including a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value, and send the first triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is configured to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet;

[0007] The carbon account management device is further configured to obtain the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determine a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, and send the second triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is further configured to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0008] The carbon account management device is further configured to send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device;

[0009] The auditing device is used to obtain the latest triplet on the blockchain, and update the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determine the audit result of the account book based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present application provides a carbon account data management method, the method comprising:

[0011] The carbon account management device creates a carbon account, receives the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, determines a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; sends the first triplet to the blockchain management device; and the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet.

[0012] Obtaining the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, and determining a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value; sending the second triplet to the blockchain management device; and the blockchain management device updating the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0013] The ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction is sent to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and updates the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present application provides a carbon account data management device, the device comprising:

[0015] A first determination module is configured to create a carbon account, receive a cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by a trusted execution environment (TEE), determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value, send the first triplet to a blockchain management device, and update the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet;

[0016] a second determination module, configured to obtain a transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determine a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, send the second triplet to the blockchain management device, and have the blockchain management device update the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0017] An audit module is configured to send a ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and updates the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0018] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus;

[0019] Memory for storing computer programs;

[0020] The processor is used to implement the method steps when executing the program stored in the memory.

[0021] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method steps described are implemented.

[0022] The present application provides a carbon account data management system, method, apparatus, device and medium, the system including: a carbon account management device, a blockchain management device and an auditing device; the carbon account management device is used to create a carbon account, receive a carbon emission reduction cumulative value sent by a trusted execution environment (TEE), and determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash and a counter based on the carbon emission reduction cumulative value; send the first triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is used to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet; the carbon account management device is also used to obtain the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account , determine a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value; send the second triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is also used to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet; the carbon account management device is also used to send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device is used to obtain the latest triplet on the blockchain, and update the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; determine the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0023] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0024] In this application, a carbon account management device creates a carbon account, receives the accumulated carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment (TEE), determines a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the accumulated carbon emission reduction value, and then sends the first triplet to the blockchain management device, which updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet. After a transaction occurs in the carbon account, the carbon account management device obtains the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the carbon account's transaction information, determines a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, and then sends the second triplet to the blockchain management device. The blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet. In this application, the carbon emission reduction value of the carbon account is stored in plain text locally on the carbon account management device, and only the carbon account triplet is stored in the blockchain. Therefore, the security and privacy of carbon account data management are guaranteed. Furthermore, the carbon account management device sends the ledger containing the carbon emission reduction values ​​after the carbon account transaction to the auditing device. The auditing device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain and, based on the carbon emission reduction values ​​after the carbon account transaction, uses an integrity check algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet. The audit result of the ledger is determined based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet. This implements a solution for carbon account ledger auditing based on triples on the blockchain, improving the security and privacy of the ledger audit. Therefore, this application provides a highly secure solution for carbon account data management and carbon account ledger auditing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the carbon accounting data management system provided for this application;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the first carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the second carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the third carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the fourth carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the fifth carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the sixth carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the seventh carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the eighth carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the ninth carbon accounting data management process provided for this application;

[0036] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the carbon account data management device provided for this application;

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure provided in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose and implementation of this application clearer, the exemplary implementation of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the exemplary embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described exemplary embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments.

[0039] It should be noted that the brief descriptions of terms in this application are only for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the embodiments described below, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. Unless otherwise specified, these terms should be understood according to their ordinary and usual meanings.

[0040] In the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used to distinguish similar or similar objects or entities, and are not necessarily intended to limit a particular order or sequence, unless otherwise noted. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances.

[0041] The terms "comprise," "include," and "have," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover but not exclude inclusion; for example, a product or device comprising a list of components is not necessarily limited to all the components expressly listed but may include other components not expressly listed or inherent to such product or device.

[0042] The term "module" refers to any known or later developed hardware, software, firmware, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, or combination of hardware and / or software code that is capable of performing the functionality associated with that element.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] For ease of explanation, the above description has been made with reference to specific embodiments. However, the above exemplary discussion is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the specific forms disclosed above. Based on the above teachings, various modifications and variations are possible. The above embodiments are selected and described to better explain the principles and practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can better utilize the embodiments and various different variations of the embodiments suitable for specific use considerations.

[0045] In order to facilitate understanding of the core solution of this application, the technical background of this application and the carbon account management solution in related technologies are introduced below.

[0046] On the one hand, currently established "personal carbon accounts" in China include Alibaba's "88 Carbon Account," "Guangdong Carbon Inclusive," "Carbon Hui Tianfu," "Xining Carbon Credits," "Wuhan Carbon Treasure Package," and "Low Carbon Planet." Under the coordination of various organizations, China Construction Bank is piloting a standard-based personal carbon account integrated service platform. By connecting with central branches of the People's Bank of China, commercial banks, carbon exchanges, and other industry stakeholders, the platform will gradually achieve interoperability among bank personal carbon accounts, transmit users' green behaviors online, and support the calculation of carbon emission reductions and carbon credits. Users will be able to centrally manage all their carbon accounts through an app and perform operations such as applying for green loans, green insurance, transferring carbon emission reductions, redeeming carbon credits, and monetizing carbon emission reductions within the app, helping to foster green and low-carbon habits and promote a green lifestyle. With the rapid development of "carbon account" technology in the field of environmental protection and energy conservation, the demand for carbon account ledger auditing is increasing. While existing technologies have proposed solutions such as selective auditing to achieve carbon account ledger auditing, these technologies do not protect the privacy of carbon accounts on the blockchain. Based on the above considerations, this application aims to provide a highly secure and private solution for carbon account data management and carbon account ledger auditing.

[0047] The technical concepts involved in this application are explained below.

[0048] 1. Multiset Hash.

[0049] Multiset hashing is a hash function that maps a multiset (a set that allows elements to appear repeatedly) to a hash value. The multiset hashing algorithm has the following properties:

[0050] Compression: Ensures that the storage space occupied by the hash of the multiset is limited.

[0051] Comparability: There is an algorithm that can compare whether two hash values ​​are equal:

[0052] Incrementality: Given the hash of a multiset, there is an efficient algorithm for computing the hash of its union with another multiset:

[0053] Collision resistance: (Multiple) set collision resistance means that it is impossible to find a (multiple) set S and M in a finite time such that S≠M and

[0054] 2. RAM integrity checking algorithm (Integrity checking of random access memory).

[0055] A random access memory (RAM) integrity verification algorithm based on multiple hash values ​​is proposed. Assume that RAM (RAM) is an untrusted entity that stores an arbitrarily large state, while a checker stores a smaller trusted state. The valid state machine performs a series of read and write operations on the RAM, and the checker records the changes in the trusted state resulting from these operations. Algorithm 1 describes the checker's state changes and verification algorithm. Through the verification algorithm, the checker can verify the integrity of the RAM based on its trusted state. In specific applications, the finite state machine can be a processor, and the checker can be a special hardware device added to the processor to detect malicious tampering with external storage. A RAM is said to pass integrity verification if and only if the data read from any address in the RAM is the value last written to that address by the finite state machine. The verification algorithm checks whether the write hash (WRITEHASH) is equal to the read hash (READHASH), effectively preventing substitution attacks (where the RAM returns a value that has never been written) and replay attacks (where the RAM returns an outdated value instead of the most recently written value). The introduction of a counter can prevent reordering attacks (RAM returns the value that has not been written first, and then returns the old value that is not fresh). At the same time, this RAM integrity verification algorithm needs to use a hash algorithm that is resistant to multiple set collisions.

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Algorithm 1 RAM integrity check algorithm

[0059] 3. Zero-knowledge arguments of knowledge.

[0060] In the privacy protection protocol we construct, we will use the zero-knowledge proof algorithm. Let R be a binary relation, for instance x and witness w, let L be its corresponding language; that is, An interactive proof is a protocol in which a prover, P, attempts to convince a verifier, V, that instance x belongs to a language, L, through a message exchange. The set of messages exchanged is called a transfer record, and the verifier can accept or reject the proof based on the transfer record. If an honest verifier generates the response to P in a uniformly random manner, the proof is public-coin-like. An interactive proof is a special honest-verifier zero-knowledge proof if it satisfies the following properties:

[0061] Perfect completeness: If x∈L, then an honest prover P can always convince an honest verifier V.

[0062] Special Honest Verifier Zero-Knowledge (SHVZK): There exists a simulator S that, for a given x∈L and an honestly generated verifier challenge c, can produce an accepted transfer record whose distribution has the same (or is indistinguishably different) distribution as the transfer record between an honest prover P and a verifier V on input x.

[0063] Argument of Knowledge: If P convinces V about an instance x, then there exists an extractor, with oracle access to P, that runs in expected polynomial time to extract the witness w.

[0064] A zero-knowledge proof of a public coin with a special honest verifier can be transformed into a non-interactive zero-knowledge proof by using the Fiat-Shamir assumption. Essentially, non-interactivity is achieved by replacing the verifier's random challenge with the output of a hash function, which is modeled as a random oracle in the security proof.

[0065] NIZK.prove(x,w)→π: Generate a zero-knowledge proof that x and w satisfy the relationship R(x,w)=1

[0066] NIZK.verify(x,π)→0 / 1: Verify the zero-knowledge proof, verify whether R(x,w)=1 holds without knowing w, and return 1 if the verification is successful. Otherwise, return 0

[0067] The following describes the carbon accounting data management solution provided in this application.

[0068] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the carbon account data management system provided for this application includes: a carbon account management device 11, a blockchain management device 12, and an audit device 13;

[0069] The carbon account management device 11 is configured to create a carbon account, receive the accumulated carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, determine a first triplet including a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the accumulated carbon emission reduction value; and send the first triplet to the blockchain management device 12; the blockchain management device 12 is configured to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet.

[0070] The carbon account management device 11 is further configured to obtain the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determine a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, and send the second triplet to the blockchain management device 12; the blockchain management device 12 is further configured to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0071] The carbon account management device 11 is further configured to send the ledger containing the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device 13;

[0072] The audit device 13 is used to obtain the latest triplet on the blockchain, and update the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determine the audit result of the account book based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0073] Carbon account management equipment can be institutional equipment that maintains carbon emission reduction data, triples, and other data for carbon accounts, or integrated platform equipment. Institutional equipment can be computers, servers, and other devices within the institution, while integrated platform equipment can be computers, servers, and other devices within the integrated platform. Blockchain management equipment can be computers, servers, and other devices deployed with blockchain smart contracts. These blockchain smart contracts include institutional carbon account smart contracts and carbon trading smart contracts. Audit equipment can be computers, servers, and other devices used by auditing units or platforms to audit carbon account ledgers.

[0074] The description of the institutional carbon account smart contract is as follows:

[0075] In this application, the plaintext of the personal carbon ledger is stored only in the institution's internal database. The blockchain stores two multi-hashed values, the write hash WH and the read hash RH, along with a counter TS, all initially set to 0. Assume that the address of the personal carbon account in the blockchain ledger data is cid, and the content is V = {bl, f}. Define the integrity check triplet in the institution's personal carbon account smart contract on the blockchain as {WH, RH, TS}.

[0076]

[0077] Table 1

[0078] Assume that the total personal carbon emission reduction of a carbon account is 100g. When 10g of it is waiting to be traded, bl=100g-10g=90g, and f=10g.

[0079] The institutional carbon account smart contract mainly includes five interfaces: create account (createAccount), accumulation (incr), update (update), transfer out (transferFrom) and transfer in (transferTo):

[0080] createAccount(ΔWH,π): Creates a personal carbon account operation, verifies the zero-knowledge proof, and after verification, updates the write hash stored in the smart contract.

[0081] incr({ΔWH, ΔRH, TS}, π, in, ER, σ): where in is the encrypted value of the green scenario behavior sent to the TEE, ER is the committed carbon reduction, and σ is the TEE signature. The carbon reduction accumulation operation verifies the zero-knowledge proof. Once verified, the write hash, read hash, and counter stored in the smart contract are updated.

[0082] Since the TEE-signed message contains the carbon emission reduction plaintext (er), the TEE signature is no longer verified here, but only recorded. Only when there is an audit requirement in the future, the er value will be obtained and then the signature will be verified.

[0083] update({ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new ,TS now}): Update account balance operation. Check whether it is called by the authorized carbon trading smart contract, and check whether the TS in the current account book is equal to TS now , updates the write hash, read hash, and counter stored in the smart contract.

[0084] transferFrom Rollout operation, check that the current counter is equal to Verify zero-knowledge proof π A and π B After verification, the write hash ΔWH stored in the smart contract of the individual carbon account of institution A is updated. A , read hash ΔRH A and counter Call the personal carbon account smart contract interface of institution B interface.

[0085] Verify that the call is initiated by the legal institutional carbon account contract and verify that the current counter is equal to After verification, the write hash, read hash, and counter stored in the smart contract are updated.

[0086] The carbon trading smart contract is described as follows:

[0087] The carbon trading smart contract storage information is shown in Table 2 below:

[0088]

[0089] Table 2

[0090] The interface of the carbon trading smart contract is as follows:

[0091] transact(txId,{ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now}, price, π): Receive the transaction, verify the zero-knowledge proof, and call the update({ΔWH, ΔRH, TS new , TS now}) interface, marking the order status as 0 (carbon emission reduction frozen) and initiating a payment event. The price can be in encrypted form.

[0092] receipt(txId,{ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now}, receipt,π): After the payment is successful, verify the zero-knowledge proof and call the update({ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now}) interface, marking the order status as 1 (carbon emission reduction deduction, funds payment completed). The receipt can be in encrypted form.

[0093] cancel(txId,{ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now},π): After the payment fails, verify the zero-knowledge proof and call the update({ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now}) interface, marking the order status as 2 (carbon emission reduction is unfrozen, but funds are not paid).

[0094] timeout(txId,{ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now},π): After the order times out, verify the zero-knowledge proof and call the update({ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now}) interface, marking the order status as 2 (carbon emission reduction is unfrozen, but funds are not paid).

[0095] In Algorithm 2 in the following table, the integrity verification algorithm of the personal carbon ledger is defined, and the calling process of each interface is described based on this algorithm.

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Algorithm 2

[0099] In this application, the carbon account management device first creates a carbon account, then receives the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment (TEE). Based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value, the device determines a first triplet containing a read hash ΔRH, a write hash ΔWH, and the latest counter TS via the cumulative interface incr in Algorithm 2. After determining the first triplet, the carbon account management device sends the first triplet to the blockchain management device. Optionally, the carbon account management device initiates a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction request carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device; after receiving the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction request, the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet carried in the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction request. Optionally, after creating the carbon account, the carbon account management device generally saves the initial triplet on the blockchain and superimposes the first triplet on the initial triplet to obtain the updated triplet on the blockchain. Superimposing the first triplet on the initial triplet means superimposing the read hash portion, the write hash portion, and the counter portion of the two triplet.

[0100] After a carbon emission reduction transaction occurs in a carbon account, the carbon account management device obtains the transaction carbon emission reduction value contained in the carbon account transaction information. Carbon account transaction information includes, but is not limited to, sales transaction information and transfer transaction information.

[0101] For sale transaction information, the second triplet is determined based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value through the update interface of Algorithm 2 and the transact interface of the carbon trading smart contract. For transfer transaction information, the second triplet is determined based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value through the transferFrom interface and transferTo interface of Algorithm 2.

[0102] After determining the second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, the carbon account management device sends the second triplet to the blockchain management device. Optionally, the carbon account management device initiates a transaction request to the blockchain management device containing the second triplet. Upon receiving the transaction request, the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet included in the transaction request. Optionally, the second triplet is added to the latest triplet stored in the blockchain to obtain the updated triplet on the blockchain.

[0103] The carbon account management device is further configured to send the ledger containing the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, updates the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity check algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction, and determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet. The carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction includes the individual carbon emission reduction balance bl and the frozen individual carbon emission reduction balance f awaiting transaction.

[0104] Optionally, if the updated read hash is equal to the write hash in the latest triplet, the audit passes; if the updated read hash is not equal to the write hash in the latest triplet, the audit fails.

[0105] In this application, a carbon account management device creates a carbon account, receives the accumulated carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment (TEE), determines a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the accumulated carbon emission reduction value, and then sends the first triplet to the blockchain management device, which updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet. After a transaction occurs in the carbon account, the carbon account management device obtains the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the carbon account's transaction information, determines a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, and then sends the second triplet to the blockchain management device. The blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet. In this application, the carbon emission reduction value of the carbon account is stored in plain text locally on the carbon account management device, and only the carbon account triplet is stored in the blockchain. Therefore, the security and privacy of carbon account data management are guaranteed. Furthermore, the carbon account management device sends the ledger containing the carbon emission reduction values ​​after the carbon account transaction to the auditing device. The auditing device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain and, based on the carbon emission reduction values ​​after the carbon account transaction, uses an integrity check algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet. The audit result of the ledger is determined based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet. This implements a solution for carbon account ledger auditing based on triples on the blockchain, improving the security and privacy of the ledger audit. Therefore, this application provides a highly secure solution for carbon account data management and carbon account ledger auditing.

[0106] In this application, the carbon account management device is specifically used to create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the identification information of the carbon account and the initial carbon emission reduction value; and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash to the blockchain management device;

[0107] The blockchain management device is configured to update a triplet including a write hash, a read hash, and a counter on the blockchain after receiving the carbon account transaction creation request.

[0108] Optionally, the carbon account management device creates a carbon account using the createAccount(cid) API, determining a write hash based on the carbon account's identification information and initial carbon emission reduction value. The blockchain management device then updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain. In this case, only the write hash portion of the triplet is updated; the read hash and counter remain unchanged.

[0109] In this application, to verify the correctness of the carbon account creation process, the carbon account management device is further configured to generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the carbon account's identification information and the initial value of the counter, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash to the blockchain management device. If the zero-knowledge proof is verified, the blockchain management device accepts the carbon account creation transaction request. If the zero-knowledge proof is not verified, indicating an abnormality in the carbon account creation process, the blockchain management device rejects the carbon account creation transaction request.

[0110] The carbon account management device calls the createAccount(cid) method in Algorithm 2, writes (cid,{0,0},TS) into the local ledger, and calculates ΔWH:

[0111] ΔWH=hash(cid,{0,0},TS);

[0112] Generate a zero-knowledge proof π about the relation R(x,w)=1, where x=(TS), w=(cid), and R(x,w)=1 if and only if:

[0113] ΔWH=hash(cid,{0,0},TS);

[0114] It proves that when the carbon account is created, the balance of the account is 0.

[0115] The carbon account management device initiates a transaction request to create a carbon account (createAccount) to the blockchain management device, carrying parameters (ΔWH, π).

[0116] After receiving the request through the blockchain smart contract, the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof and updates the integrity check triplet on the chain. The zero-knowledge proof ensures that the balance and frozen value of the created account are both 0, and the update of the write hash is also consistent with the data operation of writing {cid,0,0} when the counter is TS.

[0117] In this application, in order to verify the correctness of the carbon emission reduction accumulation process, the carbon account management device is also used to generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger. If a carbon emission reduction accumulation transaction (incr) is sent to the blockchain management device, it carries the first triple and the zero-knowledge proof. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, the carbon emission reduction accumulation transaction is accepted. If the blockchain management device fails to verify the zero-knowledge proof, it means that the carbon emission reduction accumulation process is abnormal and the carbon emission reduction accumulation transaction is rejected.

[0118] The carbon account management device receives the cumulative carbon emission reduction value er and signature σ returned by the trusted execution environment TEE. The signature σ is the signature of the TEE on some public parameters, input value in, and the cumulative carbon emission reduction value er.

[0119] Call the incr(cid,er) method in Algorithm 2 to update the local ledger and calculate ΔWH, ΔRH and the latest TS:

[0120] (V,t)←db.get(cid);

[0121] ΔRH=hash(cid,V,t);

[0122] TS new =max(TS now ,t+1);

[0123] db.write(cid,{V[0]+er,V[1]},TS new );

[0124] ΔWH=hash(cid,{V[0]+er,V[1]},TS new );

[0125] Generate a zero-knowledge proof π about the relation R(x,w)=1, where x=(TS new ,TS now ,ER),w=(cid,V,t,er,r), and R(x,w)=1 if and only if:

[0126] ΔRH=hash(cid,V,t);

[0127] TS new =max(TS now ,t+1);

[0128] ΔWH=hash(cid,{V[0]+er,V[1]},TS new );

[0129] ER = commit(er,r);

[0130] It is proved that the update of triples by the accumulation operation is correct.

[0131] Where commit can be any commitment algorithm.

[0132] The carbon account management device initiates an accumulation (incr) transaction request to the blockchain management device, carrying parameters ({ΔWH, ΔRH, TS new},π,in,ER,σ).

[0133] After receiving the request through the blockchain smart contract, the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof and updates the integrity check triplet on the chain. Zero-knowledge proofs ensure that read hashes, write hashes, and counter updates are calculated based on the current account state, the counter value, and the new cumulative amount. The commitment value of the new cumulative amount is ER. When auditing this transaction in the future, the institution can disclose the specific er and r values. The auditing unit will confirm whether ER is the committed value of er and verify the TEE signature.

[0134] In this application, the carbon account management device is specifically used to receive a sale transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the sale carbon emission reduction value carried in the sale transaction request, and determine the second triplet based on the sale carbon emission reduction value.

[0135] In this scenario, assume that an individual user authorizes the trading platform to bundle and sell a certain amount of his carbon account. Optionally, the individual signs the transaction ID and transaction amount as follows: i =sign(sk i ,txId||v i ),v i >0, the corresponding signature verification public key is pk i , and assuming that the individual provides pk when registering with the institution i The institution records the transaction in the local ledger. The trading platform bundles n individual carbon account sales requests from the same institution into one transaction.

[0136] The trading platform sends a transaction request to the corresponding institution offline, carrying transaction information

[0137] The institution's carbon accounting management equipment checks individual signatures After verification, call Algorithm 2 Method, update the local ledger, and calculate ΔWH, ΔRH and the latest TS:

[0138] ΔRH=0,ΔWH=0,TS=TS now ;

[0139]

[0140] In order to ensure the correctness of the sales transaction process, the carbon account management device generates a zero-knowledge proof π about the relationship R(x,w)=1, where x=(ΔWH, ΔRH, TS new ,TS now ), And R(x,w)=1 if and only if:

[0141] ΔRH=0,ΔWH=0,TS new =TS now ;

[0142]

[0143] It proves that the update of the triplet by initiating the transaction operation is correct.

[0144] Return the updated triplet and zero-knowledge proof to the platform {ΔWH,ΔRH,TS,π}. The trading platform initiates a bundle sale (transact) transaction request to the blockchain management device, carrying parameters (txId, {ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now},price,π).

[0145] After receiving the transaction request through the blockchain carbon account transaction smart contract, the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof and calls the update interface of the institution's personal carbon account smart contract: update({ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new ,TS now Mark the order status as 0 and initiate a payment event.

[0146] In the case of a sale transaction, the carbon account management device is further used to receive the transaction payment status fed back by the transaction platform, determine the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value based on the transaction payment status, and determine a third triplet based on the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value; send the third triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is also used to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the third triplet.

[0147] Transaction payment status includes successful transaction payment and failed or timed-out transaction payment. Different transaction payment statuses determine different carbon emission reduction balances and frozen transaction carbon emission reduction values. A third triplet is determined based on the carbon emission reduction balance and frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value through the update interface in the institutional carbon account smart contract. If the transaction payment is successful, the third triplet is sent to the blockchain management device through the receipt interface in the carbon trading smart contract. If the transaction payment fails or times out, the third triplet is sent to the blockchain management device through the cancel interface or timeout interface in the carbon trading smart contract. The blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the third triplet. That is, the third triplet is superimposed on the latest triplet stored in the blockchain to obtain the updated triplet on the blockchain.

[0148] To ensure the accuracy of the transaction payment status, the carbon account management device is further configured to generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the read hash, write hash, current and latest counter values ​​in the ledger, identification information of the carbon account, carbon emission reduction value, and counter, and then send the payment status notification transaction to the blockchain management device, along with the third triplet and the zero-knowledge proof. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof successfully, the payment status notification transaction is accepted. If the zero-knowledge proof fails to verify, the transaction payment status is abnormal, and the payment status notification transaction is rejected.

[0149] The following describes a successful payment transaction:

[0150] After the buyer completes the payment for the bundled sale of carbon emission reductions on the payment platform, if the payment is successful, the trading platform will notify the institution's carbon account management device with a transaction receipt (txId, receipt).

[0151] The carbon account management device checks the transaction receipt and calls the Update the local ledger and calculate ΔWH, ΔRH and the latest TS:

[0152] ΔRH=0,ΔWH=0,TS=TS now ;

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] Generate a zero-knowledge proof π about the relation R(x,w)=1, where x=(ΔWH, ΔRH, TS new ,TS now ), And R(x,w)=1 if and only if:

[0156] ΔRH=0,ΔWH=0,TS new =TS now ;

[0157]

[0158] It proves that the update of the triplet by the successful payment operation is correct.

[0159] The carbon account management device returns the updated triplet and zero-knowledge proof to the trading platform {ΔWH, ΔRH, TS new , TS now ,π}. The platform initiates a payment success (receipt) transaction request to the blockchain management device, carrying parameters (txId,{ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now},receipt,π).

[0160] After receiving the transaction request through the blockchain carbon account transaction smart contract, the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof and calls the update interface of the institution's personal carbon account smart contract: update({ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new ,TS now}). Mark the order status as 1.

[0161] The following are the explanations for transaction payment failure or timeout:

[0162] After the buyer completes the payment for the bundled sale of carbon emission reductions on the payment platform, if the payment fails or times out, the trading platform will notify the carbon account management device.

[0163] Carbon Account Management Device Call Algorithm 2 Update the local ledger and calculate ΔWH, ΔRH and the latest TS:

[0164] ΔRH=0,ΔWH=0,TS=TS now ;

[0165]

[0166]

[0167] Generate a zero-knowledge proof π about the relation R(x,w)=1, where x=(ΔWH, ΔRH, TS new ,TS now ), And R(x,w)=1 if and only if:

[0168] ΔRH=0,ΔWH=0,TS new =TSnow ;

[0169]

[0170] It proves that the update of triples caused by payment failure or transaction timeout is correct.

[0171] The carbon account management device returns the updated triplet and zero-knowledge proof to the trading platform {ΔWH, ΔRH, TS new , TS now ,π}. The trading platform initiates a payment failure or transaction timeout (cancel, timeout) transaction request to the blockchain management device, carrying parameters (txId,{ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new , TS now},π).

[0172] After receiving the transaction request through the blockchain carbon account transaction smart contract, the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof and calls the update interface of the institution's personal carbon account smart contract: update({ΔWH,ΔRH,TS new ,TS now Mark the order status as 2.

[0173] In the case of a transfer transaction, the carbon account management device is specifically used to receive a transfer transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the transfer carbon emission reduction value carried in the transfer transaction request, determine a second triplet based on the transfer carbon emission reduction value; and send the second triplet to the blockchain management device.

[0174] Optionally, for the transferor, a second triplet is determined based on the transferred carbon emission reduction value through the transferFrom interface of the institutional carbon account smart contract. For the transferee, a second triplet is determined based on the transferred carbon emission reduction value through the transferTo interface of the institutional carbon account smart contract.

[0175] To ensure the correctness of the transfer operation, the carbon account management device is further configured to determine the transferee and transferee corresponding to the transfer transaction request, and determine the second triplet of the transferee and the second triplet of the transferee based on the transferred carbon emission reduction value;

[0176] A zero-knowledge proof is performed based on the second triplet of the transferor and the second triplet of the transferee, and a transfer-out transaction request is sent to the blockchain management device, including the second triplet and the zero-knowledge proof. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, the blockchain management device accepts the transfer-out transaction request.

[0177] If the blockchain management device fails to verify the zero-knowledge proof, or the transferee fails to verify the zero-knowledge proof, it means that the transfer operation is abnormal and the transfer transaction request will be rejected.

[0178] The following example illustrates the situation where the transferor notifies Institution A to transfer the carbon account balance a to the transferee (Institution B):

[0179] The transferor institution A calls transferFrom(cid) in Algorithm 2 from ,a) Interface, update the local ledger and calculate ΔWH A , ΔRH A and the latest TS A :

[0180] (V from ,t from )←db A .get(cid from );

[0181] ΔRH A =hash(cid from ,V from ,t from );

[0182]

[0183] Institution A generates a zero-knowledge proof π about the relation R(x,w)=1 A ,in w=(cid from ,V from ,t from ,a,r), and R(x,w)=1 if and only if:

[0184] ΔRH A =hash(cid from ,V from ,t from );

[0185]

[0186] A=Commit(a,r);

[0187] It is proved that the update of the triplet by the transfer operation is correct and the committed value of the transferred amount is A.

[0188] The transferor institution A notifies the transferee institution B, including the content (cid to ,a,r,A). Institution B calls transferTo(cid to,a) Interface, update the local ledger and calculate ΔWH B , ΔRH B and the latest TS B :

[0189] (V to ,t to )←db B .get(cid to );

[0190] ΔRH B =hash(cid to ,V to ,t to );

[0191]

[0192] Institution B generates a zero-knowledge proof π about the relation R(x,w)=1 B ,in w=(cid to ,V to ,t to ,a,r), and R(x,w)=1 if and only if:

[0193] ΔRH B =hash(cid to ,V to ,t to );

[0194]

[0195] A=Commit(a,r);

[0196] It is proved that the update of the triplet by the transfer-out operation is correct and the committed value of the transferred-in amount is A.

[0197] Institution B returns the relevant content to Institution A. Institution A initiates a transferTo transaction request to the blockchain management device, carrying parameters

[0198] After receiving the request, the smart contract of the individual carbon account of institution A verifies that the current timestamp is Verify zero-knowledge proof π A and π B , update the verification triplet and call the transferTo interface of the personal carbon account smart contract of institution B: The personal carbon account smart contract of institution B also verifies that the current timestamp is Update the verification triplet.

[0199] During the audit of the carbon account ledger by the regulatory agency, the audit device can periodically call the check() method in Algorithm 2 to execute the audit process. If the algorithm returns true, the audit passes; otherwise, the audit fails.

[0200] The carbon account data management solution provided by this application stores the plaintext information of personal carbon accounts on the blockchain, and only saves relevant verification information on the blockchain. In this application, it is proposed to store integrity verification triples on the blockchain instead of plaintext personal carbon account information, thereby protecting the privacy of personal carbon account information. In this application, a specific blockchain transaction algorithm is designed for the accumulation of carbon emission reductions, the sale of carbon emission reductions, the successful sale and the failed sale. The transaction will modify the integrity verification triple on the blockchain and carry a zero-knowledge proof to prove the correctness of the modification. The correctness of all transactions is guaranteed while protecting privacy. This application proposes a personal carbon ledger audit algorithm based on integrity verification triples to ensure the auditability of the carbon ledger. In addition, this application greatly reduces the state size stored on the blockchain, which can significantly improve the performance and scalability of the system.

[0201] Related technologies point out that integrity verification algorithms can resist substitution attacks, replay attacks, and reordering attacks. By adding a special hardware device (verifier) ​​to the processor to record changes in read hashes, write hashes, and counters, it is used to detect whether external storage has been maliciously tampered with while ensuring that its status is correct and reliable. In this application, the blockchain ledger is used to store the status of the verifier (read hash, write hash, and counter), and each transaction that updates the stored verifier status is verified by a smart contract. At the same time, this application ensures that the update of the valid triple is correct and reliable by attaching a zero-knowledge proof to each blockchain transaction that updates the verifier status. Therefore, based on the correct and reliable valid verifier status, the integrity verification algorithm of this application can also resist substitution attacks, replay attacks, and reordering attacks.

[0202] Figure 2 The first carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0203] S101: The carbon account management device creates a carbon account, receives a cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by a trusted execution environment (TEE), determines a first triplet including a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value, sends the first triplet to the blockchain management device, and the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet.

[0204] S102: Obtaining a transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in transaction information of a carbon account, determining a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value; sending the second triplet to the blockchain management device; and the blockchain management device updating the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet.

[0205] S103: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and updates the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0206] Figure 3 The second carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0207] S201: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the carbon account identification information and the initial carbon emission reduction value; initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash to the blockchain management device; upon receiving the carbon account creation transaction request, the blockchain management device updates a triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain;

[0208] S202: Receive the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, determine a first triplet including a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; send the first triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet;

[0209] S203: Obtaining the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determining a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value; sending the second triplet to the blockchain management device; and the blockchain management device updating the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0210] S204: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and uses the integrity verification algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet according to the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; determine the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0211] Figure 4 The third carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0212] S301: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the carbon account's identification information and the initial carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the carbon account's identification information and the initial value of the counter, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof to a blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request and updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain.

[0213] S302: Receive the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, determine a first triplet including a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; send the first triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet;

[0214] S303: Obtaining the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determining a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value; sending the second triplet to the blockchain management device; and the blockchain management device updating the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0215] S304: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and uses the integrity verification algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet according to the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; determine the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0216] Figure 5 The fourth carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0217] S401: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the carbon account's identification information and the initial carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the carbon account's identification information and the counter's initial value, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof to a blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request and updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain.

[0218] S402: Receive the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, and determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction and updates the triplet on the blockchain;

[0219] S403: Obtaining the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determining a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value; sending the second triplet to the blockchain management device; and the blockchain management device updating the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0220] S404: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and uses the integrity verification algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet according to the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; determine the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0221] Figure 6 The fifth carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0222] S501: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the carbon account's identification information and the initial carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the carbon account's identification information and the counter's initial value, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof to a blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request and updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain.

[0223] S502: Receive the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, and determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction and updates the triplet on the blockchain;

[0224] S503: Receive a sale transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the sold carbon emission reduction value carried in the sale transaction request, determine a second triplet based on the sold carbon emission reduction value; send the second triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0225] S504: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and updates the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0226] Figure 7 The sixth carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0227] S601: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the carbon account's identification information and the initial carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the carbon account's identification information and the initial value of the counter, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request and updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain.

[0228] S602: Receive the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, and determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction and updates the triplet on the blockchain;

[0229] S603: Receive a sale transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the sold carbon emission reduction value carried in the sale transaction request, and determine a second triplet based on the sold carbon emission reduction value; send the second triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0230] S604: Receive the transaction payment status fed back by the transaction platform, determine the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value based on the transaction payment status, and determine a third triplet based on the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value; send the third triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is further configured to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the third triplet;

[0231] S605: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and uses the integrity verification algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet according to the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; determine the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0232] Figure 8 The seventh carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0233] S701: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the carbon account's identification information and the initial carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the carbon account's identification information and the counter's initial value, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request to the blockchain management device, carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request and updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain.

[0234] S702: Receive the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, and determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction and updates the triplet on the blockchain;

[0235] S703: Receive a sale transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the sold carbon emission reduction value carried in the sale transaction request, and determine a second triplet based on the sold carbon emission reduction value; send the second triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0236] S704: Receive the transaction payment status fed back by the transaction platform, determine the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value based on the transaction payment status, and determine the third triplet based on the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof of the read hash, write hash, the current value of the counter in the ledger, the latest value of the counter, the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, and the counter, and send a payment status notification transaction carrying the third triplet and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the payment status notification transaction and updates the triplet on the blockchain;

[0237] S705: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and uses the integrity verification algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet according to the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; determine the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0238] Figure 9 The eighth carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0239] S801: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the carbon account's identification information and the initial carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the carbon account's identification information and the counter's initial value, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request to the blockchain management device, carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request and updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain.

[0240] S802: Receive the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, and determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the plaintext of the carbon emission reduction, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction and updates the triplet on the blockchain;

[0241] S803: Receive a transfer transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the transaction platform, obtain the transfer carbon emission reduction value carried in the transfer transaction request, determine a second triplet based on the transfer carbon emission reduction value; send the second triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0242] S804: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and updates the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0243] Figure 10 The ninth carbon accounting data management process diagram provided for this application includes the following steps:

[0244] S901: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the carbon account's identification information and the initial carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the carbon account's identification information and the counter's initial value, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request to the blockchain management device, carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request and updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash, and counter on the blockchain.

[0245] S902: Receive the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, and determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction and updates the triplet on the blockchain;

[0246] S903: Receive a transfer transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the transfer carbon emission reduction value carried in the transfer transaction request, and determine a second triplet based on the transfer carbon emission reduction value; determine the transferee and transferee corresponding to the transfer transaction request, perform zero-knowledge proof based on the second triplet of the transferee, perform zero-knowledge proof based on the second triplet of the transferee, and send a transfer-out transaction request carrying the second triplet and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device; if the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, accept the transfer-out transaction request and update the triplet on the blockchain;

[0247] S904: Send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and uses the integrity verification algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet according to the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; determine the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0248] The following transaction process example illustrates the update of on-chain triples in the auditable carbon ledger solution and the execution of the audit algorithm.

[0249] Case 1: Integrity check passed.

[0250] This case involved four steps: creating a carbon account, accumulating carbon emission reductions, bundling and selling carbon emission reductions, and conducting an audit. The institution did not tamper with the off-chain ledger and passed the integrity verification.

[0251] 1. The initial state of the ledger is as follows:

[0252]

[0253] 2. The institution creates carbon accounts CID1 and CID2:

[0254]

[0255] 3. The institution has accumulated 100g of carbon emission reduction for carbon account cid1:

[0256]

[0257]

[0258] 4. The organization has accumulated 500g of carbon emission reduction for carbon account CID2;

[0259]

[0260] 5. A bundled carbon emission reduction sales transaction is submitted, including sales transactions for two carbon accounts: cid1 sells 50g and cid2 sells 100g.

[0261]

[0262] 6. Payment for the bundled sale of carbon emission reductions is successful.

[0263]

[0264]

[0265] 7. To perform the audit, the institution sends the local ledger to the auditor. The auditor performs a get(key) operation on the ledger. The RH is then updated to:

[0266]

[0267] The updated RH is determined to be equal to the WH on the blockchain, and the audit is passed.

[0268] Case 2: The institution tampers with the ledger (substitution attack).

[0269] In this case, assume steps 1-4 are the same as in the previous case (account creation and carbon reduction accumulation). However, the institution tampered with the ledger (inflated the account corresponding to cid1 by 100g of carbon reduction) and then proceeded with the carbon reduction bundle sale transaction and audit. Because the institution tampered with the ledger, the audit failed.

[0270] 1. After steps 1-4 are completed, the institution tampers with the ledger as follows:

[0271]

[0272]

[0273] 2. At this point, a bundled carbon reduction sale transaction is submitted, including sales transactions for two carbon accounts: cid1 sells 50g and cid2 sells 100g. The institution updates and calculates the new WH, RH, and TS based on the previously tampered ledger.

[0274]

[0275] 3. Payment for the bundled sale of carbon emission reductions is successful.

[0276]

[0277] 4. To perform the audit, the institution sends the local ledger to the auditor. The auditor performs a get(key) operation on the ledger. The RH is then updated to:

[0278]

[0279] The WH on the chain is:

[0280]

[0281] If the auditor determines that RH≠WH, the audit will fail.

[0282] Case 3: The institution returns a stale ledger (replay attack).

[0283] In this case, assuming that steps 1-6 are the same as in Case 1 (account creation and accumulated carbon emission reductions), the institution returns an outdated ledger (the one before the payment was successful) during the audit:

[0284]

[0285] The audit unit calculates a new read hash based on the above ledger:

[0286]

[0287] The auditor determines that RH is not equal to WH on the blockchain and the audit fails.

[0288] Case 4: Integrity check passed (transfer transaction).

[0289] This case involved a carbon emission reduction transfer transaction from institution A to institution B, and the institutions ultimately passed the audit.

[0290] 1. Assume that the account status of Institution A is as follows (same as in Case 1, after successful payment in step 6):

[0291]

[0292] 2. Assume that the account status of institution B is as follows (after the accumulation of carbon emission reductions in step 4 of situation 1 is completed):

[0293]

[0294] 3. Assume that the carbon account cid1 of institution A transfers 20g of carbon emission reduction to the carbon account cid1 of institution B. At this time, the ledgers of institutions A and B are updated as follows:

[0295]

[0296]

[0297]

[0298] 4. Auditing Institution A, Institution A sends its local ledger to the auditor. The auditor performs a get(key) operation on the ledger. RH is then updated to:

[0299]

[0300] RH is judged to be equal to WH on the blockchain, and the audit is passed.

[0301] 5. Audit institution B. Institution B sends its local ledger to the auditor. The auditor performs a get(key) operation on the ledger. RH is then updated to:

[0302]

[0303] RH is judged to be equal to WH on the blockchain, and the audit is passed.

[0304] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the carbon account data management device provided in this application, which includes:

[0305] The first determination module 111 is configured to create a carbon account, receive a cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by a trusted execution environment (TEE), determine a first triplet including a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value, send the first triplet to a blockchain management device, and the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet.

[0306] A second determining module 112 is configured to obtain a transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determine a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, send the second triplet to the blockchain management device, and the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet;

[0307] The audit module 113 is used to send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and uses the integrity verification algorithm to update the read hash in the latest triplet according to the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

[0308] The first determination module 111 is specifically used to create a carbon account, determine the write hash based on the identification information of the carbon account and the initial carbon emission reduction value; initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash to the blockchain management device; after receiving the carbon account creation transaction request, the blockchain management device updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash and counter on the blockchain.

[0309] The first determination module 111 is also used to generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the identification information of the carbon account and the initial value of the counter, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request.

[0310] The first determination module 111 is also used to generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction.

[0311] The second determining module 121 is specifically configured to receive a sale transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the sold carbon emission reduction value carried in the sale transaction request, and determine a second triplet according to the sold carbon emission reduction value.

[0312] The second determination module 121 is also used to receive the transaction payment status fed back by the transaction platform, determine the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value based on the transaction payment status, and determine a third triplet based on the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value; send the third triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is also used to update the triplet on the blockchain according to the third triplet.

[0313] The second determination module 121 is also used to generate a zero-knowledge proof about the read hash, write hash, the current value of the counter in the ledger, the latest value of the counter and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, and the counter, and send a payment status notification transaction carrying the third triplet and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is passed, it accepts the payment status notification transaction.

[0314] The second determination module 121 is specifically used to receive a transfer transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the transfer carbon emission reduction value carried in the transfer transaction request, determine a second triplet based on the transfer carbon emission reduction value; and send the second triplet to the blockchain management device.

[0315] The second determination module 121 is further used to determine the transferee and transferee corresponding to the transfer transaction request, and determine the second triplet of the transferor and the second triplet of the transferee according to the transfer carbon emission reduction value; perform zero-knowledge proof based on the second triplet of the transferor, and perform zero-knowledge proof based on the second triplet of the transferee, and send a transfer-out transaction request carrying the second triplet and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device; if the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the transfer-out transaction request.

[0316] The present application also provides an electronic device, which is a carbon account management device, such as Figure 12 As shown, it includes: a processor 121, a communication interface 122, a memory 123 and a communication bus 124, wherein the processor 121, the communication interface 122, and the memory 123 communicate with each other through the communication bus 124;

[0317] The memory 123 stores a computer program, and when the program is executed by the processor 121 , the processor 121 performs any of the above method steps.

[0318] The communication bus mentioned in the electronic device mentioned above can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. This communication bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used in the figure, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0319] The communication interface 122 is used for communication between the electronic device and other devices.

[0320] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk memory. Alternatively, the memory may be at least one storage device located away from the processor.

[0321] The above-mentioned processor can be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit, a network processor (NP), etc.; it can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, etc.

[0322] The present application also provides a computer storage readable storage medium, which stores a computer program that can be executed by an electronic device. When the program runs on the electronic device, the electronic device implements any of the above method steps when executing.

[0323] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0324] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A carbon account data management system, characterized in that: The system includes: carbon account management equipment, blockchain management equipment and audit equipment; The carbon account management device is configured to create a carbon account, receive a cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by a trusted execution environment (TEE), determine a first triplet including a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value, and send the first triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is configured to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet; The carbon account management device is further configured to obtain the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determine a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, and send the second triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is further configured to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet; The carbon account management device is further configured to send the ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction to the audit device; The auditing device is used to obtain the latest triplet on the blockchain, and update the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value; and determine the audit result of the account book based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein The carbon account management device is specifically configured to create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the identification information of the carbon account and the initial carbon emission reduction value, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash to the blockchain management device; The blockchain management device is configured to update a triplet including a write hash, a read hash, and a counter on the blockchain after receiving the carbon account transaction creation request.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The carbon account management device is further used to generate a zero-knowledge proof regarding the identification information and the initial value of the counter related to the carbon account, and to initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the carbon account creation transaction request.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The carbon account management device is also used to generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The carbon account management device is specifically configured to receive a sale transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by a trading platform, obtain the sold carbon emission reduction value carried in the sale transaction request, and determine a second triplet according to the sold carbon emission reduction value.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein: The carbon account management device is further used to receive the transaction payment status fed back by the transaction platform, determine the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value based on the transaction payment status, and determine a third triplet based on the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value; send the third triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is also used to update the triplet on the blockchain based on the third triplet.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein: The carbon account management device is also used to generate a zero-knowledge proof about the read hash, write hash, current value of the counter in the ledger, latest value of the counter and identification information of the carbon account, carbon emission reduction value, and counter, and send a payment status notification transaction carrying the third triplet and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the payment status notification transaction.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The carbon account management device is specifically used to receive a transfer transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the transfer carbon emission reduction value carried in the transfer transaction request, determine a second triplet based on the transfer carbon emission reduction value; and send the second triplet to the blockchain management device.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein The carbon account management device is further configured to determine a transferee and a transferee corresponding to the transfer transaction request, and determine a second triplet of the transferee and a second triplet of the transferee based on the transferred carbon emission reduction value; Performing a zero-knowledge proof based on the second triplet of the transferor and the second triplet of the transferee, and sending a transfer-out transaction request carrying the second triplet and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device; If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, the transfer-out transaction request is accepted.

10. A carbon account data management method, characterized in that: The method comprises: The carbon account management device creates a carbon account, receives the cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by the trusted execution environment TEE, determines a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value; sends the first triplet to the blockchain management device; and the blockchain management device updates the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet. Obtaining the transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, and determining a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value; sending the second triplet to the blockchain management device; and the blockchain management device updating the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet; The ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction is sent to the audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and updates the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein The method comprises: Create a carbon account, determine a write hash based on the identification information of the carbon account and the initial carbon emission reduction value; initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash to the blockchain management device; after receiving the carbon account creation transaction request, the blockchain management device updates the triplet containing the write hash, read hash and counter on the blockchain.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein The method further comprises: Generate a zero-knowledge proof about the identification information of the carbon account and the initial value of the counter, and initiate a carbon account creation transaction request carrying the write hash and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, accept the carbon account creation transaction request.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein The method further comprises: Generate a zero-knowledge proof of the current value of the counter, the latest value of the counter, the committed value of the carbon emission reduction value, and the identification information of the carbon account, the carbon emission reduction value, the carbon emission reduction plaintext, and the counter in the relational ledger, and send a carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction carrying the first triplet to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies the zero-knowledge proof, it accepts the carbon emission reduction cumulative transaction.

14. The method according to claim 10, wherein The method comprises: Receive a sale transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the sale carbon emission reduction value carried in the sale transaction request, and determine a second triplet according to the sale carbon emission reduction value.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein The method further comprises: Receive the transaction payment status fed back by the transaction platform, determine the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value based on the transaction payment status, and determine a third triplet based on the carbon emission reduction balance and the frozen transaction carbon emission reduction value; send the third triplet to the blockchain management device; the blockchain management device is also used to update the triplet on the blockchain according to the third triplet.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein The method further comprises: Generate a zero-knowledge proof about the read hash, write hash, current value of the counter in the ledger, latest value of the counter, identification information of the carbon account, carbon emission reduction value, and counter, and send a payment status notification transaction carrying the third triplet and the zero-knowledge proof to the blockchain management device. If the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, it accepts the payment status notification transaction.

17. The method according to claim 10, wherein The method comprises: Receive a transfer transaction request corresponding to the carbon account sent by the trading platform, obtain the transfer carbon emission reduction value carried in the transfer transaction request, determine a second triplet based on the transfer carbon emission reduction value; and send the second triplet to the blockchain management device.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein The method further comprises: Determining a transferee and a transferee corresponding to the transfer transaction request, and determining a second triplet of the transferee and a second triplet of the transferee based on the transferred carbon emission reduction value; A zero-knowledge proof is performed based on the second triplet of the transferor, and a zero-knowledge proof is performed based on the second triplet of the transferee, and a transfer-out transaction request carrying the second triplet and the zero-knowledge proof is sent to the blockchain management device; if the blockchain management device verifies that the zero-knowledge proof is successful, the transfer-out transaction request is accepted.

19. A carbon account data management device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A first determination module is configured to create a carbon account, receive a cumulative carbon emission reduction value sent by a trusted execution environment (TEE), determine a first triplet containing a read hash, a write hash, and a counter based on the cumulative carbon emission reduction value, send the first triplet to a blockchain management device, and update the triplet on the blockchain based on the first triplet; a second determination module, configured to obtain a transaction carbon emission reduction value carried in the transaction information of the carbon account, determine a second triplet based on the transaction carbon emission reduction value, send the second triplet to the blockchain management device, and have the blockchain management device update the triplet on the blockchain based on the second triplet; An audit module is configured to send a ledger carrying the carbon emission reduction value after a carbon account transaction to an audit device; the audit device obtains the latest triplet on the blockchain, and updates the read hash in the latest triplet using an integrity verification algorithm based on the carbon emission reduction value after the carbon account transaction; and determines the audit result of the ledger based on the updated read hash and the write hash in the latest triplet.

20. An electronic device, characterized in that: It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus; Memory for storing computer programs; A processor, configured to implement the method steps described in any one of claims 10-18 when executing a program stored in a memory.

21. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method steps according to any one of claims 10 to 18 are implemented.

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