Method for improving flowering uniformity of colocasia esculenta

Abstract

The application provides a method for improving flowering uniformity of Calathea alliacea, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) culturing Calathea alliacea to a seedling height of 18-20 cm, performing first selection and reservation, and culturing the first selected and reserved plants to obtain first batch of flowering plants; (2) performing second selection 50-60 days after the first selected and reserved plants are started to be cultured, culturing the second selected and reserved plants to obtain second batch of flowering plants; and (3) performing first cross pollination after the first batch of flowering plants flowers, cutting off the tillers that have flowered but failed to successfully cross pollinate from the base, continuing to culture the second batch of flowering plants, and performing second cross pollination after the second batch of flowering plants flowers. The method can make the flowering be advanced by one month through winter management and flowering management in the second year, the uniformity rate reaches more than 90%, the average cross pollination fruit setting rate reaches 70%, and the efficiency and success rate of cross breeding are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural plant cultivation, in particular to a method for improving the flowering uniformity of Canna edulis. BACKGROUND

[0002] Canna edulis Ker, also known as Canna edulis, dry lotus root, and ginger lotus, belongs to Magnoliophyta, Liliopsida, Zingiberales, Cannaceae, and Canna, and is a perennial herbaceous plant that is harvested after one year of artificial cultivation. Canna edulis is a multi-purpose economic crop that combines food, energy, and feed, has a wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, and can be planted in front of houses, on hills, and on embankments.

[0003] Studies have shown that due to the reasons such as the non-concentration of flowering time, the short and low pollen viability, and the inconsistency between the time point of the highest pollen viability and the time of the strongest stigma receptivity, the seed setting rate of Canna edulis is low, hybrid selection and breeding are difficult, and it is difficult to obtain fertile seeds, which restricts the new variety breeding and improvement of Canna edulis. At present, the new variety breeding of Canna edulis mainly relies on germplasm resource system identification and selection, natural bud mutation, and other methods, and there are few excellent new varieties, and there is no report on hybrid breeding of new varieties, and there is no research on regulating the flowering of Canna edulis.

[0004] Therefore, developing a method for improving the flowering uniformity of Canna edulis to overcome the problem of non-concentration of flowering time will help to improve the hybrid breeding efficiency of Canna edulis and is of great significance to promote the new variety breeding process of Canna edulis. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for improving the flowering uniformity of Canna edulis to overcome the problem of non-concentration of flowering time.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a method for improving the flowering uniformity of Canna edulis, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Cultivate Canna edulis to a seedling height of 18-20 cm, perform the first selection and retention, cultivate the first selected and retained plants, and obtain the first batch of flowering plants;

[0009] (2) After 50-60 days of starting the cultivation of the first selected and retained plants, perform the second selection and retention, cultivate the second selected and retained plants, and obtain the second batch of flowering plants;

[0010] (3) after the first batch of flowering plants flowers, first cross pollination is carried out, the tillers which have flowered but failed to cross pollination are cut off from the base, and the second batch of flowering plants is cultivated, after flowering, second cross pollination is carried out.

[0011] Preferably, the Caladium is a plant which has been subjected to overwintering management, spring management of the next year and seedling stage management.

[0012] Preferably, the overwintering management is carried out from the middle of December to the beginning of March of the next year.

[0013] The method of overwintering management is as follows: the Caladium stems and leaves 5-7 cm above the ground are cut off when the air temperature is below 5℃ or 5-6 days before the frost comes, and are made into 4-6 cm fine straw, which is covered on the Caladium ridge with a thickness of 5-8 cm, and then covered with a 8-10 mm thick ground film.

[0014] Preferably, the spring management of the next year is as follows: after the number of days with an average temperature greater than 10℃ is more than 7 days, the ground film is removed, the fine straw is cleaned and the ground film is covered again.

[0015] The method of seedling stage management is as follows: the film is broken in time after the seedlings emerge, and the film is removed when the seedlings are 8-10 cm high, and seedling fertilizer is applied in a circular ditch and covered with 6-8 cm soil.

[0016] Preferably, the circular ditch is 6-8 cm deep, 4-5 cm wide and 5-6 cm away from the Caladium plant.

[0017] The seedling fertilizer comprises urea and potassium sulfate, wherein the application amount of urea is 200-220 kg / acre, and the application amount of potassium sulfate is 130-150 kg / acre.

[0018] Preferably, the first selection in step (1) is as follows: the tillers with a seedling height of 18-20 cm are selected and reserved, and the rest of the tillers are cut off from 3-5 cm above the ground.

[0019] Preferably, 3-5 tillers are selected and reserved per nest during the first selection.

[0020] Preferably, the second selection in step (2) is as follows: on the basis of the tillers selected and reserved in the first selection, a batch of tillers with a seedling height of 18-20 cm are selected and reserved again, and the rest of the tillers are cut off from 3-5 cm above the ground.

[0021] Preferably, 3-5 tillers are selected and reserved per nest during the second selection, and the second selection is completed before the first batch of flowering plants flowers.

[0022] Preferably, the timing of the first and second cross pollination in step (3) is within 1-3 days after flowering, and is carried out from 6:00 to 10:00 in the morning every day.

[0023] The cutting from the base refers to cutting from a place 8-10 cm away from the ground surface.

[0024] The method for improving the flowering uniformity of canna provided by the present application is simple to operate, convenient to manage, and has strong practicability. After planting canna in the first year, through overwintering management and flowering management in the second year, the flowering is advanced by about one month, the plants bloom uniformly, the uniformity rate is more than 90%, which is increased by 40% compared with the comparative example, the average hybridization seed setting rate is 70%, which is increased by about 40% compared with the comparative example, it is convenient to find suitable flowers for hybridization breeding, and the efficiency and success rate of hybridization breeding are improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] A canna planting plot with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, high fertility, good drainage, uniform growth of canna, healthy plants, and no disease and pest damage is selected.

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in combination with examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The starting time of the experiment is December 19, 2022, and the ending time is September 2023;

[0029] The experimental site is: Wanchenglin Canna Planting Base in Xingyi City, Guizhou Province;

[0030] The experimental method is:

[0031] 1) 5 days before the frost arrives, that is, on December 19, 2022, cut off the aboveground stems and leaves of canna 5 cm from the ground surface, and make 5 cm fine straw, cover it on the canna ridge, 5 cm thick, and cover 8 mm thick mulch;

[0032] 2) On March 15, 2023 (the number of days with an average temperature greater than 10℃ is more than 7 days), remove the mulch, clean the straw covered on the canna ridge, and cover the mulch again. When the seedlings are 8 cm high, remove the mulch, dig a ring-shaped ditch 5 cm away from the canna plant, the ditch is 6 cm deep and 4 cm wide, mix urea and potassium sulfate uniformly, and evenly apply 209 kg of urea and 139 kg of potassium sulfate per mu in the ring-shaped ditch, cover 7 cm thick soil, and combine the ring-shaped ditch and fertilization with conventional agricultural operations such as cultivation, soil preparation, and weeding;

[0033] 3) When the Caladium humilis is grown to 20 cm in height, the first selection is carried out, and 5 plants of the tillers growing uniformly in the whole field are selected from each nest as the first selected plants for cultivation, and at the same time, the tillers with a height of less than 20 cm from the ground surface 5 cm are removed to obtain the first batch of flowering plants;

[0034] Within 1 day after the first batch of plants flowers, pollination is carried out at 7:00 every morning, hybrid breeding is carried out, and the hybrid seed setting rate is counted 10 days after hybridization, and the results are shown in Table 1; the tillers that have flowered but failed to successfully pollinate are removed from the ground 8-10 cm (base);

[0035] 4) After 60 days of cultivation of the first selected plants, a batch of tillers with a height of 20 cm (this batch is the tillers newly grown after the first selected plants) is selected and reserved on the basis of the first selected plants (i.e., the plants about to flower), and 5 plants are reserved from each nest as the second selected plants for cultivation, and the second batch of flowering plants is obtained, and at the same time, the tillers with a height of less than 20 cm from the ground surface 5 cm are removed, and pollination is carried out at 7:00 every morning within 1 day after the plants flower, hybrid breeding is carried out, and the hybrid seed setting rate is counted 10 days after hybridization, and the flowering time and flowering rate of each batch of plants are counted, and the counting results are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The starting time of the experiment is December 12, 2023, and the ending time is September 2023;

[0038] The experimental site is located in the Caladium humilis planting field in Huaqixiang, Huachao, Guiyang, Guizhou Province;

[0039] The experimental method is as follows:

[0040] 1) 5 days before the frost, i.e., on December 12, 2023, the Caladium humilis stems and leaves above the ground are removed from the ground surface 7 cm, and 5 cm fine straw is made and covered on the Caladium humilis ridge with a thickness of 8 cm, and then 10 mm thick mulch film is covered.

[0041] 2) On March 20, 2024 (the number of days with an average temperature greater than 10℃ is more than 7 days), the mulch film is removed, the straw covering the Caladium log is cleaned, the mulch film is re-covered, and the Caladium begins to germinate. When the seedlings are 10 cm high, the mulch film is removed, a ring-shaped ditch is dug 5 cm away from the Caladium plant, the ditch is 8 cm deep and 5 cm wide, and then urea and potassium sulfate are mixed and uniformly applied in the ring-shaped ditch at an average use amount of 209 kg of urea and 139 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. The urea and potassium sulfate are mixed and uniformly applied in the ring-shaped ditch at a use amount of 209 kg of urea and 139 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and 7 cm of soil is covered. The operation of digging the ring-shaped ditch and applying fertilizer is combined with conventional agricultural operations such as intertillage, soil cultivation, and weeding.

[0042] 3) When the Caladium grows to a height of 18 cm, the first selection is performed, and 3 plants that grow uniformly throughout the field are selected from each nest as the first selected plants for cultivation. At the same time, the tiller plants whose height from the ground surface is less than 20 cm are cut off, and the first batch of flowering plants is obtained.

[0043] Within 1 day after the first batch of plants flowers, pollination is performed at 10:00 every morning to carry out hybridization breeding. After 10 days of hybridization, the hybridization success rate is counted, and the results are shown in Table 1. The tiller plants that have flowered but have not successfully hybridized are cut off from the base.

[0044] 4) After 60 days of cultivation of the first selected plants, a second batch of tiller plants with a height of 18 cm (this batch is the newly grown tiller plants after the first selected plants) is selected and retained, and 5 plants are retained from each nest as the second selected plants for cultivation. The second batch of flowering plants is obtained, and the tiller plants whose height from the ground surface is less than 20 cm are cut off. Similarly, within 1 day after flowering, pollination is performed at 10:00 every morning to carry out hybridization breeding. After 10 days of hybridization, the hybridization success rate is counted, and the flowering time and flowering rate of each batch of flowering plants are counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 1: Conventional Management

[0046] Unlike Example 1, no overwintering management was performed, and no two batches of selected plants were treated.

[0047] In the present application, the flowering time is counted from the time when 10% of the plants in the field flower, and a total of 5 days are counted. After the counting is completed, the flowering rate and hybridization seed setting rate of each batch are calculated, and the formulas are as follows:

[0048] Flowering rate = Number of flowering plants / Total number of plants in the field × 100%;

[0049] Hybridization seed setting rate = Number of hybridization seed setting plants / Total number of plants for hybridization × 100%.

[0050] Table 1 test results

[0051]

[0052] Through the experiment of regulating the flowering of Musa balbisiana, the flowering of Musa balbisiana is advanced by one month or so, the uniformity rate is more than 90%, the average hybrid seed setting rate is more than 70%, and the efficiency and success rate of hybrid breeding are improved.

[0053] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the uniformity of flowering in taro, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Cultivate the banana taro to a height of 18-20 cm, and then select the first batch of plants. Cultivate the selected plants to obtain the first batch of flowering plants. (2) After 50 to 60 days of cultivation of the first selected plants, a second selection is carried out, and the second selected plants are cultivated to obtain the second batch of flowering plants; (3) After the first batch of flowering plants have flowered, the first hybridization pollination is carried out. The tillers that have flowered but failed to be successfully hybridized are cut off from the base and the second batch of flowering plants are cultivated. After flowering, the second hybridization pollination is carried out. The first selection in step (1) is as follows: select tillers with a height of 18-20 cm to retain, and cut off the remaining tillers 3-5 cm from the ground surface, retaining 3-5 tillers per clump; The second selection in step (2) involves selecting another batch of tillers with a height of 18-20 cm on the basis of retaining the tillers selected in the first selection. The remaining tillers are cut off from 3-5 cm above the ground. 3-5 tillers are selected from each clump to be retained. The second selection is completed before the first batch of flowering plants bloom.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The banana taro mentioned refers to plants that have undergone overwintering management, spring management the following year, and seedling management.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The overwintering management period is from early to mid-December to early March of the following year; The method for overwintering management is as follows: 5 to 6 days before the temperature drops below 5℃ or before the frost arrives, cut off the above-ground stems and leaves of the taro 5 to 7 cm above the ground, and make them into 4 to 6 cm fine stalks, cover them on the taro ridges with a thickness of 5 to 8 cm, and then cover them with 8 to 10 mm thick mulch.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The following spring management is as follows: after the number of days with an average temperature greater than 10℃ is more than 7, remove the mulch film, clean up the fine straw, and cover the mulch film again. The seedling management method is as follows: after the seedlings begin to emerge, break the film in time. When the seedlings are 8-10 cm tall, remove the film, apply seedling fertilizer in a circular trench, and cover with 6-8 cm of soil.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The annular trench is 6-8 cm deep, 4-5 cm wide, and 5-6 cm away from the taro plant; The seedling fertilizer includes urea and potassium sulfate, wherein the application rate of urea is 200-220 kg / mu and the application rate of potassium sulfate is 130-150 kg / mu.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step (3), the first and second cross-pollination should be carried out within 1 to 3 days after flowering, from 6:00 to 10:00 every morning; The term "cutting from the base" refers to cutting off at a distance of 8-10 cm from the ground surface.

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