Rice carbon-based seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon-based rice seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. The carbon-based rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-45 parts of biochar, 15-30 parts of agriculture and forestry composite nutrition powder, 10-25 parts of coco coir, 5-10 parts of a composite cake fertilizer, 5-15 parts of an inorganic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of nutrient soil, 3-8 parts of filter mud and 1-3 parts of a seedling promoting agent, the seedling raising substrate has the beneficial effects that by optimizing the substrate components and the preparation process, the seedling raising substrate provided by the invention can obviously improve the growth environment of seedlings, promote the seedlings to be neat and consistent, and improve the seedling rate; the substrate has a good physical structure, so that seedlings are not easy to separate from the substrate during seedling lifting, and damage is reduced; the substrate is rich in various nutrient elements and can continuously provide nutrients for the seedlings and maintain a good growth environment; through carbonization treatment, nutrients in the matrix are effectively fixed, nutrient loss is reduced, and the nutrient utilization rate is increased; the biochar, the agriculture and forestry composite nutrition powder and other components in the matrix can stimulate root growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rice seedling raising substrates, and particularly relates to a rice charcoal-based rice seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rice biochar seedling matrix is ​​a carbon-based rice seedling matrix with biochar as the core. Biochar has the characteristics of microporous structure and rich surface functional groups, strong water retention and air permeability, good light absorption and warming effect. The carbon content of biochar rice seedling matrix is ​​≥30%, which is rich in macroelements and trace elements required for the growth of rice seedlings, which is beneficial to promote early growth and cultivate high-quality seedlings.

[0003] A biochar-based rice seedling-raising matrix with publication number CN114731924A and a preparation method thereof, the patent discloses the following components: 20-48wt% of biochar, 30-50wt% of straw organic fertilizer, 5-15wt% of compound fertilizer, 10-30wt% of vermiculite, 3-8wt% of seedling-strengthening agent and 2-5wt% of root-promoting agent; and the following steps: evenly mixing the weighed biochar, straw organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, vermiculite, seedling-strengthening agent and root-promoting agent.

[0004] As a new type of carbon-based seedling material, rice biochar seedling matrix has excellent water retention and air permeability, light absorption and warming effect due to its biochar microporous structure and rich surface functional groups, and is rich in macro-elements and trace elements required for the growth of rice seedlings, which has a significant promoting effect on the cultivation of seedlings; however, the rice biochar seedling matrix in the existing technology still has room for improvement in component selection and preparation process, and there are problems such as uneven seedling height, low seedling rate and slow root development. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rice charcoal-based seedling-raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, optimize the substrate components and the preparation process, and realize high-quality cultivation of seedlings.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme: a rice charcoal-based seedling raising matrix, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25-45 parts of biochar, 15-30 parts of agro-forestry composite nutrient powder, 10-25 parts of coconut bran, 5-10 parts of composite cake fertilizer, 5-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of nutrient soil, 3-8 parts of filter mud, and 1-3 parts of seedling promoting agent.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method of the biochar is as follows:

[0008] Select rice straw and stalks as raw materials; expose the raw materials to the sun to reduce their moisture content;

[0009] The raw materials after sun exposure are frozen and then broken into particles;

[0010] Screen the crushed raw materials to remove oversized or undersized particles and ensure that the particle size of the raw materials is uniform;

[0011] A carbonization furnace is selected for carbonization treatment. After the carbonization is completed, the biochar is taken out of the carbonization furnace and crushed to obtain particles of a desired size.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the carbonization treatment, the carbonization temperature is 300-600°C.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method of the agro-forestry composite nutritional powder is as follows:

[0014] Clean the sawdust, bark and pomace to remove the dirt and impurities on the surface, and then dry them;

[0015] The dried raw materials are crushed to obtain powder with uniform particle size;

[0016] Place the raw materials into a mixer and mix thoroughly to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed;

[0017] The mixed raw materials are dried and then ground.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method of the composite cake fertilizer is as follows:

[0019] Put rapeseed cake, soybean cake and straw powder into the mixer and mix them thoroughly to ensure that the various ingredients are evenly distributed;

[0020] The mixed materials are placed in a sealed container and EM bacteria fermentation powder is added as a fermentation agent;

[0021] After fermentation is completed, the material is dried to remove moisture and volatile substances;

[0022] The dried material is ground.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the inorganic fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the trace element fertilizers include iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer and zinc fertilizer.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the seedling promoting agent is a mixture of triacontanol and gibberellin.

[0026] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a rice charcoal-based rice seedling raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Mix the weighed biochar, agroforestry composite nutrient powder, coconut bran, composite cake fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutrient soil, filter mud and seedling promoter evenly;

[0028] The mixed materials are sent to the pulverizer for pulverization to ensure uniform particle size of each component;

[0029] The crushed materials are fed into a carbonization furnace for staged temperature-raising carbonization treatment to further activate the biochar and promote the interaction between the components;

[0030] After carbonization is completed, the material is crushed.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the staged heating carbonization process is as follows: first heat and keep warm at 200-300°C for 1.3-1.7h, then heat to 350-450°C, keep warm and carbonize for 1.2-1.4h, then heat to 500-600°C and keep warm and carbonize for 0.8-1.2h, then heat and keep warm to 660-700°C with a temperature gradient of 20°C, and cool to room temperature.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] By optimizing the matrix components and the preparation process, the seedling raising matrix provided by the present invention can significantly improve the growth environment of the seedlings, promote the uniformity of the seedlings, and increase the seedling rate;

[0034] The substrate has a good physical structure, which ensures that the seedlings are not easily separated from the substrate when transplanting, thus reducing damage;

[0035] The substrate is rich in various nutrients, which can continuously provide nutrients for the seedlings and maintain a good growth environment;

[0036] Through carbonization treatment, nutrients in the substrate are effectively fixed, reducing nutrient loss and improving nutrient utilization;

[0037] Ingredients in the matrix, such as biochar and agroforestry composite nutrient powder, can stimulate root growth and enhance the stress resistance and growth potential of seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] See also Figure 1 , is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a rice charcoal-based seedling raising matrix, including the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of biochar, 15 parts of agro-forestry composite nutrient powder, 10 parts of coconut bran, 5 parts of composite cake fertilizer, 5 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5 parts of nutrient soil, 3 parts of filter mud, and 1 part of seedling promoting agent; the seedling promoting agent is a mixture of triacontanol and gibberellin; the inorganic fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers, and the trace element fertilizers include iron fertilizers, boron fertilizers, manganese fertilizers, copper fertilizers, and zinc fertilizers.

[0042] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of biochar is as follows:

[0043] Select rice straw and stalks as raw materials; expose the raw materials to the sun to reduce their moisture content;

[0044] The raw materials after sun exposure are frozen and then broken into particles;

[0045] Screen the crushed raw materials to remove oversized or undersized particles and ensure that the particle size of the raw materials is uniform;

[0046] Select a suitable carbonization furnace for carbonization treatment. During the carbonization treatment, the carbonization temperature is 300°C. After the carbonization is completed, the biochar is taken out of the carbonization furnace and crushed to obtain particles of the desired size.

[0047] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the agro-forestry composite nutritional powder is as follows:

[0048] Clean the sawdust, bark and pomace to remove the dirt and impurities on the surface, and then dry them;

[0049] The dried raw materials are crushed to obtain powder with uniform particle size;

[0050] Place the raw materials into a mixer and mix thoroughly to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed;

[0051] The mixed raw materials are dried and then ground.

[0052] In the present embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the composite cake fertilizer is as follows:

[0053] Put rapeseed cake, soybean cake and straw powder into the mixer and mix them thoroughly to ensure that the various ingredients are evenly distributed;

[0054] The mixed materials are placed in a sealed container and EM bacteria fermentation powder is added as a fermentation agent;

[0055] After fermentation is completed, the material is dried to remove moisture and volatile substances;

[0056] The dried material is ground.

[0057] A method for preparing a rice charcoal-based seedling-raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0058] Mix the weighed biochar, agroforestry composite nutrient powder, coconut bran, composite cake fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutrient soil, filter mud and seedling promoter evenly;

[0059] The mixed materials are sent to the pulverizer for pulverization to ensure uniform particle size of each component;

[0060] The crushed material is sent to the carbonization furnace for staged temperature carbonization treatment to further activate the biochar and promote the interaction between the components; the staged temperature carbonization process is as follows: firstly, heat at 200°C for 1.3h, then heat to 350°C, heat for 1.2h, then heat to 500°C for 0.8h, then heat to 660°C with a temperature gradient of 20°C, and cool to room temperature;

[0061] After carbonization is completed, the material is crushed.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] See also Figure 1 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention, is based on the previous embodiment, except that:

[0064] A rice charcoal-based seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of biochar, 22 parts of agro-forestry composite nutrient powder, 18 parts of coconut bran, 8 parts of composite cake fertilizer, 10 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 10 parts of nutrient soil, 5 parts of filter mud, and 2 parts of seedling promoting agent; the seedling promoting agent is a mixture of triacontanol and gibberellin; the inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer, and the trace element fertilizer comprises iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer.

[0065] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of biochar is as follows:

[0066] Select rice straw and stalks as raw materials; expose the raw materials to the sun to reduce their moisture content;

[0067] The raw materials after sun exposure are frozen and then broken into particles;

[0068] Screen the crushed raw materials to remove oversized or undersized particles and ensure that the particle size of the raw materials is uniform;

[0069] A suitable carbonization furnace is selected for carbonization treatment. During the carbonization treatment, the carbonization temperature is 450°C. After the carbonization is completed, the biochar is taken out of the carbonization furnace and crushed to obtain particles of the desired size.

[0070] A method for preparing a rice charcoal-based seedling-raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0071] Mix the weighed biochar, agroforestry composite nutrient powder, coconut bran, composite cake fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutrient soil, filter mud and seedling promoter evenly;

[0072] The mixed materials are sent to the pulverizer for pulverization to ensure uniform particle size of each component;

[0073] The crushed material is sent to the carbonization furnace for staged temperature carbonization treatment to further activate the biochar and promote the interaction between the components; the staged temperature carbonization process is as follows: firstly heat at 250°C for 1.5h, then heat to 400°C, heat for 1.3h, then heat to 550°C for 1.0h, then heat to 680°C with a temperature gradient of 20°C, and cool to room temperature;

[0074] After carbonization is completed, the material is crushed.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] See also Figure 1 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention, is based on the previous embodiment, except that:

[0077] A rice charcoal-based seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-45 parts of biochar, 30 parts of agro-forestry composite nutrient powder, 25 parts of coconut bran, 10 parts of composite cake fertilizer, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15 parts of nutrient soil, 8 parts of filter mud, and 3 parts of seedling promoting agent; the seedling promoting agent is a mixture of triacontanol and gibberellin; the inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer, and the trace element fertilizer comprises iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer.

[0078] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of biochar is as follows:

[0079] Select rice straw and stalks as raw materials; expose the raw materials to the sun to reduce their moisture content;

[0080] The raw materials after sun exposure are frozen and then broken into particles;

[0081] Screen the crushed raw materials to remove oversized or undersized particles and ensure that the particle size of the raw materials is uniform;

[0082] A suitable carbonization furnace is selected for carbonization treatment. During the carbonization treatment, the carbonization temperature is 600°C. After the carbonization is completed, the biochar is taken out of the carbonization furnace and crushed to obtain particles of the desired size.

[0083] A method for preparing a rice charcoal-based seedling-raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0084] Mix the weighed biochar, agroforestry composite nutrient powder, coconut bran, composite cake fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutrient soil, filter mud and seedling promoter evenly;

[0085] The mixed materials are sent to the pulverizer for pulverization to ensure uniform particle size of each component;

[0086] The crushed material is sent to the carbonization furnace for staged temperature carbonization treatment to further activate the biochar and promote the interaction between the components; the staged temperature carbonization process is as follows: firstly, heat at 300°C for 1.7h, then heat to 450°C, heat for 1.4h, then heat to 600°C for 1.2h, then heat to 700°C with a temperature gradient of 20°C, and cool to room temperature;

[0087] After carbonization is completed, the material is crushed.

[0088] Experimental design

[0089] Experimental group: According to the ratio and preparation method disclosed in the patent, the above materials were mixed evenly to prepare a biochar-based rice seedling substrate;

[0090] Control group: using traditional seedling raising medium for raising seedlings;

[0091] Experimental conditions: The seedling raising experiment was conducted on the experimental group and the control group under the same environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light, etc.);

[0092] Observation indicators: growth of seedlings (such as plant height, leaf area, root development, etc.), seedling rate, separation of seedlings and substrate, nutrient content of seedlings, etc.;

[0093] Data analysis

[0094] By comparing the observed indicators of the experimental group and the control group, the effects of rice-specific biochar-based seedling substrate on the growth of rice seedlings were analyzed.

[0095] The seedlings in the experimental group grew in the biochar-based seedling-raising substrate. Since the substrate has good physical structure and air permeability, it can provide a better root growth environment, thus promoting the growth of the seedlings.

[0096] The biochar-based seedling substrate is rich in a variety of nutrients, which can continuously provide nutrients for the seedlings, maintain a good growth environment, help promote the uniform growth of seedlings, reduce the occurrence of weak and diseased seedlings, and thus increase the seedling rate;

[0097] The biochar-based seedling substrate has a good physical structure, such as suitable porosity and density, which can ensure that the seedlings are not easily separated from the substrate during transplanting, thereby reducing damage to the seedlings during transplanting.

[0098] Since the biochar-based seedling substrate is rich in a variety of nutrients, these elements can continuously provide nutrients to the seedlings, thereby promoting their growth and development.

[0099] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, as detailed above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-45 parts of biochar, 15-30 parts of agro-forestry composite nutrient powder, 10-25 parts of coconut bran, 5-10 parts of composite cake fertilizer, 5-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of nutrient soil, 3-8 parts of filter mud and 1-3 parts of seedling promoter.

2. A rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the biochar is as follows: Select rice straw and stalks as raw materials; expose the raw materials to the sun to reduce their moisture content; The raw materials after sun exposure are frozen and then broken into particles; Screen the crushed raw materials to ensure uniform particle size; A carbonization furnace is selected for carbonization treatment. After the carbonization is completed, the biochar is taken out of the carbonization furnace and crushed.

3. A rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the carbonization treatment, the carbonization temperature is 300-600°C.

4. A rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the agroforestry composite nutrition powder is as follows: Clean the sawdust, bark and pomace to remove the dirt and impurities on the surface, and then dry them; The dried raw materials are crushed to obtain powder with uniform particle size; Place the raw materials into a mixer and mix thoroughly to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed; The mixed raw materials are dried and then ground.

5. The rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite cake fertilizer is as follows: Put rapeseed cake, soybean cake and straw powder into the mixer and mix them thoroughly to ensure that the various ingredients are evenly distributed; The mixed materials are placed in a sealed container and EM bacteria fermentation powder is added as a fermentation agent; After fermentation is completed, the material is dried to remove moisture and volatile substances; The dried material is ground.

6. The rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers.

7. A rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The trace element fertilizers include iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer and zinc fertilizer.

8. The rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling-promoting agent is a mixture of triacontanol and gibberellin.

9. The method for preparing a rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: Mix the weighed biochar, agroforestry composite nutrient powder, coconut bran, composite cake fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutrient soil, filter mud and seedling promoter evenly; The mixed materials are sent to the pulverizer for pulverization to ensure uniform particle size of each component; The crushed materials are fed into a carbonization furnace for staged temperature-raising carbonization treatment to further activate the biochar and promote the interaction between the components; After carbonization is completed, the material is crushed.

10. The method for preparing a rice charcoal-based seedling raising substrate according to claim 9, characterized in that: The staged heating carbonization process is as follows: first heat and keep warm at 200-300℃ for 1.3-1.7h, then heat to 350-450℃, keep warm and carbonize for 1.2-1.4h, then heat to 500-600℃ and keep warm and carbonize for 0.8-1.2h, then heat and keep warm to 660-700℃ with a temperature gradient of 20℃, and cool to room temperature.

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