Preheating type gas turbine power generation system and power generation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a preheating type gas turbine power generation system and a power generation method, and relates to the technical field of gas turbine equipment.The preheating type gas turbine power generation system comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a turbine and a power generator, and the gas compressor, the turbine and the power generator are arranged on the rotating shaft and further comprise a combustion chamber and a preheating device; an air outlet of the air compressor is communicated to the preheating device, the preheating device is communicated to the combustion chamber, and an air outlet of the combustion chamber is communicated to the turbine; the preheating device comprises an energy supply device, a preheating chamber and a first heating element distributed in the preheating chamber, the energy supply device is communicated to the first heating element, and the energy supply device is any one or any combination of two or more of a wind driven generator, a photovoltaic generator, a photo-thermal device and an external combustion type heating device; according to the scheme, gas entering the combustion chamber is preheated through the preheating device, so that the use of fuel is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbine equipment, and in particular to a preheating gas turbine power generation system and a power generation method of the system. Background Art

[0002] The gas turbine uses a continuously flowing gas as a working fluid to drive the impeller to rotate at high speed, converting the energy of the fuel into useful work. It is a rotating impeller heat engine. It mainly includes three parts: the compressor, the combustion chamber, and the turbine: the compressor inhales air from the external atmosphere and compresses it to increase the pressure, and the air temperature is also increased accordingly; the compressed air is sent to the combustion chamber to mix with the injected fuel and burn to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas; then it enters the turbine to expand and do work, driving the turbine to drive the compressor (and the external load rotor) to rotate at high speed, which can realize the partial conversion of the chemical energy of the gas or liquid fuel into mechanical work and heat energy, and can also output electrical energy by connecting to a generator.

[0003] Renewable energy power generation equipment (such as wind turbines and photovoltaic cells) is affected by natural environmental conditions and generally has large power generation fluctuations. For example, the power generation of wind power equipment fluctuates due to changes in wind intensity. At this time, frequency conversion and voltage conversion equipment is generally used to adjust the frequency and voltage before being connected to the power grid. However, frequency conversion and voltage conversion equipment is expensive and easy to damage, which often increases the cost of renewable energy power generation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a preheating gas turbine power generation system and a power generation method in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] A preheating gas turbine power generation system comprises a rotating shaft and a compressor, a turbine and a generator arranged on the rotating shaft, and also comprises a combustion chamber and a preheating device, wherein the rotating shaft, the compressor, the turbine and the generator rotate synchronously, the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the preheating device, the preheating device is connected to the combustion chamber, and the air outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the turbine;

[0006] The preheating device includes an energy supply device, a preheating chamber and a first heating element distributed therein, the energy supply device is connected to the first heating element, and the energy supply device is any one of a wind generator, a photovoltaic generator, a photothermal device, an external combustion heating device, or any combination of two or more thereof.

[0007] Furthermore, when the energy supply device is any one of a wind turbine or a photovoltaic generator or any combination of two or more thereof, the first heating element is a metal electric heating element and / or a non-metal electric heating element.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal heating element can be any one of nickel-chromium wire, iron-chromium-aluminum wire, nickel-iron wire, nickel-copper wire and tungsten wire; the non-metallic heating element can be any one of silicon carbide rod and silicon-molybdenum rod.

[0009] Furthermore, when the energy supply device is a photothermal device or an external combustion heating device, the first heating element is a heat exchange element.

[0010] Furthermore, the photothermal device is a Fresnel lens, a focusing heating heat exchanger or a reflective device, and the external combustion heating device is a heat exchange boiler.

[0011] Furthermore, the preheating device also includes a second heating element arranged in the combustion chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a regenerator, which includes a first passage and a second passage that are not connected but exchange heat with each other, the air inlet of the first passage is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, the air outlet of the first passage is connected to the air inlet end of the preheating device, the turbine exhaust end is connected to the air inlet of the second passage of the regenerator, the turbine exhaust gas is transported to the regenerator through the second passage and transfers heat to the gas in the first passage.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes an electrolytic hydrogen production device and a fuel tank, the hydrogen output port of the electrolytic hydrogen production device is connected to the fuel tank, the fuel tank is connected to the combustion chamber, and / or it also includes a gas storage tank, the gas storage tank is connected to the combustion chamber.

[0014] A method for generating electricity using a gas turbine comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1: Start the compressor, compress the external air through the compressor and then transmit it to the preheating device;

[0016] S2: Generate electrical energy and / or thermal energy through the energy supply device and supply it to the first heating element,

[0017] S3: the high-pressure gas delivered by the compressor enters the preheating chamber, and the high-pressure gas in the preheating chamber is preheated by the first heating element;

[0018] S4: The preheated high-pressure gas is transported to the combustion chamber, where the high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber is mixed with the injected fuel and burned to form high-temperature and high-pressure gas;

[0019] S5: High-temperature and high-pressure gas is transported from the combustion chamber to the turbine, and expansion is performed inside the turbine, driving the turbine to run at high speed;

[0020] S6: The high-speed operation of the turbine drives the shaft, compressor and generator to operate synchronously. The compressor operates continuously to deliver high-pressure gas to the combustion chamber, and the generator operates to generate continuous and stable electrical energy.

[0021] Further, the following steps are included:

[0022] S501: The high-temperature and high-pressure gas that has entered the turbine and completed the work is transported to the regenerator through the second passage;

[0023] S502: The high-temperature gas in the second passage conducts heat to the first passage to preheat the gas in the first passage.

[0024] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0025] First: The present invention mainly converts unstable electricity generated by new energy (wind power, photovoltaics, etc.) into thermal energy and supplies energy to the gas turbine through a gas turbine power generation system with a preheating device, so as to generate stable electricity through the gas turbine power generation system. It can save the frequency conversion and voltage conversion equipment (such as AC / DC converter) commonly used in new energy power generation, so as to achieve lower cost power generation using new energy.

[0026] Second, in this solution, a second heating element is arranged in the combustion chamber, and an energy supply device is used to heat the second heating element, thereby increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber and thus improving the heating effect of the compressed air.

[0027] Third: The energy supply device in this scheme can be multiple, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, and solar thermal devices, so as to make fuller use of the energy resources of the local environment and improve the utilization rate of new energy.

[0028] Fourthly: A regenerator is provided in the present scheme, and the regenerator comprises a first passage and a second passage which are not connected but exchange heat with each other, the air inlet of the first passage is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, the air outlet of the first passage is connected to the air inlet end of the preheating device, the exhaust end of the turbine is connected to the air inlet of the second passage of the regenerator, the turbine exhaust gas enters the regenerator to recover heat to the compressed gas of the air compressor, so as to improve the efficiency of the combustion engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this scheme;

[0030] Figure 2 The first setting method of the preheating device;

[0031] Figure 3 The second setting method of the preheating device;

[0032] Figure 4 The third setting method of the preheating device;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat regenerator in this scheme;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrolytic hydrogen production device in this scheme;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas storage tank in this scheme.

[0036] Figure numerals: rotating shaft 100, compressor 200, turbine 300, combustion chamber 400, preheating device 500, preheating chamber 510, first heating element 511, second heating element 512, energy supply device 520, wind turbine 521, photovoltaic cell 522, photothermal device 523, fuel tank 600, generator 700, regenerator 800, gas storage tank 900, electrolysis hydrogen production device HE. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Combined with Figure 1-7 As shown, Figure 1 As shown, a gas turbine power generation system includes a rotating shaft 100 and a compressor 200, a turbine 300 and a generator 700 which are sleeved and mounted on the rotating shaft 100. The rotating shaft 100, the compressor 200 and the turbine 300 can rotate synchronously and drive the generator 700 to generate electricity. The gas turbine power generation system also includes a combustion chamber 400 and a preheating device 500. The pressure gas A2 after the ambient air A1 is compressed by the compressor 200 enters the preheating device 500 for heating. The heated pressure gas enters the combustion chamber 400 and is mixed with the fuel provided by the fuel tank 600 to burn and drive the turbine 300 to do work.

[0038] This solution provides six implementation methods for the preheating device 500.

[0039] Implementation method 1: Combination Figure 2 As shown, the preheating device 500 includes an energy supply device 520, a preheating chamber 510 and a first heating element 511 distributed therein. The pressurized gas A2 compressed by the compressor 200 enters the preheating chamber 510. The first heating element 511 heats the pressurized gas after being energized or collecting heat. The pressurized gas with increased temperature then enters the combustion chamber 400 to participate in combustion, thereby reducing fuel usage.

[0040] The energy supply device 520 can be a new energy power generation device such as a wind turbine, a photovoltaic cell, or a heating device such as a photothermal device or an external combustion type heating device. When the energy supply device 520 is a new energy power generation device, the first heating element 511 can be an electric heating element, and the electric heating element can be a metal electric heating element or a non-metallic electric heating element, for example, it can be a nickel-chromium wire, an iron-chromium-aluminum wire, a nickel-iron wire, a nickel-copper wire, a tungsten wire, a silicon carbide rod, a silicon-molybdenum rod, a heating ceramic, etc., but because the metal electric heating element can be made into a thinner wire and widely arranged in the preheating chamber 510 by winding, a metal electric heating element is preferred. When the energy supply device 520 is a heating device, the first heating element 511 can be a heat exchange element, such as a metal heat exchange fin. Among them, the photothermal device can be a Fresnel lens, a concentrating heating heat exchanger or various reflective devices, and the external combustion type heating device can be a boiler.

[0041] When the energy supply device 520 is a new energy power generation device, the unstable electric energy with uncertain frequency generated by it can heat the electric heating element 511 and convert it into thermal energy, and then use the thermal energy to heat the compressed gas produced by the air compressor 200, so as to realize the reuse of the unstable electricity generated by the new energy power generation device and save the cost of frequency conversion and voltage conversion equipment. The temperature of the compressed gas after heating can reach 400℃-900℃, and only a small amount of fuel needs to be injected into the combustion chamber 400 to meet the power generation demand of the gas turbine power generation system, that is, the fuel consumption is reduced. In addition, the fuel consumption can be dynamically adjusted according to the temperature of the gas heated by the preheating device 500, so as to make full use of the electric energy of the new energy power generation device 520 and save fuel while meeting the power generation demand.

[0042] When the energy supply device 520 is a heating device, such as a photothermal device, it can effectively provide energy for the heat exchange element 511, especially in areas and time periods with sufficient sunlight, so as to use heat energy to heat the compressed gas produced by the air compressor 200, thereby realizing the utilization of light energy. In addition, the amount of fuel can be dynamically adjusted according to the temperature of the gas heated by the preheating device 500, so as to fully utilize the electric energy of the new energy power generation device 520 while meeting the power generation demand and saving fuel.

[0043] Implementation method 2: Combination Figure 3 As shown, the preheating device 500 includes an energy supply device 520, a preheating chamber 510, a first heating element 511 and a second heating element 512. The first heating element 511 is arranged in the preheating chamber 510, and the second heating element 512 is arranged in the combustion chamber 400. The pressure gas A2 compressed by the compressor 200 enters the preheating chamber 510, and the first heating element 511 heats the pressure gas after being energized or collecting heat. The pressure gas with increased temperature then enters the combustion chamber 400 to participate in combustion, thereby reducing the use of fuel. At the same time, the second heating element 512 generates heat energy to heat the medium in the combustion chamber 400 to enhance the heating effect.

[0044] The energy supply device 520 can be a new energy power generation device such as a wind turbine, a photovoltaic cell, or a heating device such as a photothermal device or an external combustion type heating device. When the energy supply device 520 is a new energy power generation device, the first heating element 511 can be an electric heating element, and the electric heating element can be a metal electric heating element or a non-metallic electric heating element, for example, it can be a nickel-chromium wire, an iron-chromium-aluminum wire, a nickel-iron wire, a nickel-copper wire, a tungsten wire, a silicon carbide rod, a silicon-molybdenum rod, a heating ceramic, etc., but because the metal electric heating element can be made into a thinner wire and widely arranged in the preheating chamber 510 by winding, a metal electric heating element is preferred. When the energy supply device 520 is a heating device, the first heating element 511 can be a heat exchange element, such as a metal heat exchange fin. Among them, the photothermal device can be a Fresnel lens, a concentrating heating heat exchanger or various reflective devices, and the external combustion type heating device can be a boiler.

[0045] When the energy supply device 520 is a new energy power generation device, the unstable electric energy with uncertain frequency generated by it can heat the electric heating element 511 and convert it into thermal energy, and then use the thermal energy to heat the compressed gas produced by the air compressor 200, so as to realize the reuse of the unstable electricity generated by the new energy power generation device and save the cost of frequency conversion and voltage conversion equipment. The temperature of the compressed gas after heating can reach 400℃-900℃, and only a small amount of fuel needs to be injected into the combustion chamber 400 to meet the power generation demand of the gas turbine power generation system, that is, the fuel consumption is reduced. In addition, the fuel consumption can be dynamically adjusted according to the temperature of the gas heated by the preheating device 500, so as to make full use of the electric energy of the new energy power generation device 520 and save fuel while meeting the power generation demand.

[0046] When the energy supply device 520 is a heating device, such as a photothermal device, it can effectively provide energy for the heat exchange element 511, especially in areas and time periods with sufficient sunlight, so as to use heat energy to heat the compressed gas produced by the air compressor 200, thereby realizing the utilization of light energy. In addition, the amount of fuel can be dynamically adjusted according to the temperature of the gas heated by the preheating device 500, so as to fully utilize the electric energy of the new energy power generation device 520 while meeting the power generation demand and saving fuel.

[0047] Implementation method three: combining Figure 4As shown, the preheating device 500 includes an energy supply device 520, a preheating chamber 510, a first heating element 511 and a second heating element 512. The first heating element 511 is arranged in the preheating chamber 510, and the second heating element 512 is arranged in the combustion chamber 400. The energy supply device 520 includes a wind turbine 521, a photovoltaic cell 522 and a photothermal device 523. The wind turbine 521, the photovoltaic cell 522 and the photothermal device 523 are respectively connected to the first heating element 511 and the second heating element 512 to make fuller use of the energy resources of the local environment and improve the utilization rate of new energy. The pressure gas A2 compressed by the compressor 200 enters the preheating chamber 510, and the first heating element 511 heats the pressure gas after being energized or collected. The pressure gas with increased temperature then enters the combustion chamber 400 to participate in combustion, thereby reducing the use of fuel. At the same time, the second heating element 512 generates heat energy to heat the medium in the combustion chamber 400 to enhance the heating effect.

[0048] Implementation method 4: Figure 5 As shown, a regenerator 800 is arranged between the preheating device 500 and the air compressor 200. The regenerator 800 includes a first passage and a second passage which are not connected but heat exchange with each other. The air inlet of the first passage is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor 200, and the air outlet of the first passage is connected to the air inlet end of the preheating device 500. The exhaust end of the turbine 300 is connected to the air inlet of the second passage of the regenerator 800. During operation, the air compressor 200 compresses the external air and transmits it to the regenerator 800 through the first passage and enters the preheating device 500. The air is preheated by the preheating device 500 and then transported to the combustion chamber 400. The air is mixed with fuel and burned to generate a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas to drive the turbine 300 to operate. The high-temperature airflow after operation will be transported to the regenerator 800 through the second passage. At this time, the high temperature generated by the second passage is transferred to the gas in the first passage through the regenerator 800 to heat the gas in the first passage. The compressed gas that subsequently enters the regenerator 800 through the first passage will be preheated by the gas input from the second passage, thereby improving the efficiency of the combustion engine.

[0049] Implementation method five: Figure 6 As shown, an electrolytic hydrogen production device HE is arranged at the fuel tank 600, and unstable electricity generated by new energy power generation devices such as wind turbines and photovoltaic cells is used to electrolyze hydrogen, and the hydrogen is stored in the fuel tank 600 to provide fuel for the combustion chamber 400, especially during the low power consumption period of the power grid, while the new energy power generation device is still generating electricity. At this time, this part of electricity can be used to electrolyze hydrogen and store it to achieve energy utilization at all times.

[0050] Implementation method six: Figure 7As shown, a gas storage tank 900 is arranged at the fuel tank 600, and unstable electricity generated by new energy power generation devices such as wind turbines and photovoltaic cells can be used to drive the compressor to compress air and store it in the gas storage tank 900 to provide compressed air for the combustion chamber 400. Especially during the off-peak period of the power grid, while the new energy power generation device is still generating electricity, this part of the electricity can be used to compress air for energy storage, so as to achieve full-time energy utilization.

[0051] A method for generating electricity using a gas turbine comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1: Start the compressor, compress the external air through the compressor and then transmit it to the preheating device;

[0053] S2: Generate electrical energy and / or thermal energy through the energy supply device and supply it to the first heating element,

[0054] S3: the high-pressure gas delivered by the compressor enters the preheating chamber, and the high-pressure gas in the preheating chamber is preheated by the first heating element;

[0055] S4: The preheated high-pressure gas is transported to the combustion chamber, where the high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber is mixed with the injected fuel and burned to form high-temperature and high-pressure gas;

[0056] S5: High-temperature and high-pressure gas is transported from the combustion chamber to the turbine, and expansion is performed inside the turbine, driving the turbine to run at high speed;

[0057] S501: The high-temperature and high-pressure gas that has entered the turbine and completed the work is transported to the regenerator through the second passage;

[0058] S502: The high-temperature gas in the second passage conducts heat to the first passage to preheat the gas in the first passage;

[0059] S6: The high-speed operation of the turbine drives the shaft, compressor and generator to operate synchronously. The compressor operates continuously to deliver high-pressure gas to the combustion chamber, and the generator operates to generate continuous and stable electrical energy.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0063] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A preheating gas turbine power generation system, comprising a rotating shaft and a compressor, a turbine and a generator arranged on the rotating shaft, It is characterized in that The combustion chamber and the preheating device, the rotating shaft, the compressor, the turbine and the generator rotate synchronously, the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the preheating device, the preheating device is connected to the combustion chamber, and the air outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the turbine; The preheating device includes an energy supply device, a preheating chamber and a first heating element distributed therein, the energy supply device is connected to the first heating element, and the energy supply device is any one of a wind generator, a photovoltaic generator, a photothermal device, an external combustion heating device, or any combination of two or more thereof.

2. The preheating gas turbine power generation system according to claim 1, Features: When the energy supply device is any one of a wind turbine or a photovoltaic generator or any combination of two or more, the first heating element is a metal electric heating element and / or a non-metal electric heating element.

3. The preheating gas turbine power generation system according to claim 2, Features: The metal electric heating element can be any one of nickel-chromium wire, iron-chromium-aluminum wire, nickel-iron wire, nickel-copper wire and tungsten wire; the non-metallic electric heating element can be any one of silicon carbide rod and silicon-molybdenum rod.

4. The preheating gas turbine power generation system according to claim 1, Features: When the energy supply device is a photothermal device or an external combustion heating device, the first heating element is a heat exchange element.

5. The preheating gas turbine power generation system according to claim 4, Features: The photothermal device is a Fresnel lens, a focusing heating heat exchanger or a reflective device, and the external combustion heating device is a heat exchange boiler.

6. The preheating gas turbine power generation system according to claim 1, Features: The preheating device also includes a second heating element arranged in the combustion chamber.

7. The preheating gas turbine power generation system according to claim 1, Features: It also includes a regenerator, which includes a first passage and a second passage that are not connected but exchange heat with each other, the air inlet of the first passage is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, the air outlet of the first passage is connected to the air inlet end of the preheating device, the turbine exhaust end is connected to the air inlet of the second passage of the regenerator, the turbine exhaust gas is transported to the regenerator through the second passage and transfers heat to the gas in the first passage.

8. The preheating type gas turbine power generation system according to claim 1, Features: It also includes an electrolytic hydrogen production device and a fuel tank, wherein the hydrogen output port of the electrolytic hydrogen production device is connected to the fuel tank, and the fuel tank is connected to the combustion chamber, and / or, it also includes a gas storage tank, and the gas storage tank is connected to the combustion chamber.

9. A method for generating electricity using a gas turbine, based on the power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1: Start the compressor, compress the external air through the compressor and then transmit it to the preheating device; S2: Generate electrical energy and / or thermal energy through the energy supply device and supply it to the first heating element, S3: the high-pressure gas delivered by the compressor enters the preheating chamber, and the high-pressure gas in the preheating chamber is preheated by the first heating element; S4: The preheated high-pressure gas is transported to the combustion chamber, where the high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber is mixed with the injected fuel and burned to form high-temperature and high-pressure gas; S5: High-temperature and high-pressure gas is transported from the combustion chamber to the turbine, and expansion is performed inside the turbine, driving the turbine to run at high speed; S6: The high-speed operation of the turbine drives the shaft, compressor and generator to operate synchronously. The compressor operates continuously to deliver high-pressure gas to the combustion chamber, and the generator operates to generate continuous and stable electrical energy.

10. The power generation method according to claim 9, based on the power generation system according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: S501: The high-temperature and high-pressure gas that has entered the turbine and completed the work is transported to the regenerator through the second passage; S502: The high-temperature gas in the second passage conducts heat to the first passage to preheat the gas in the first passage.

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