On-line monitoring system for power fault positioning

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-line monitoring system for power failure positioning, which relates to the technical field of power failure monitoring and comprises a power failure positioning and monitoring server, and the power failure positioning and monitoring server is in communication connection with a sensor module, a data acquisition and transmission module, a data processing and analysis module and a visualization and alarm module. Due to the existence of the redundant channel, when the main data transmission channel breaks down, the system can be switched to the standby channel, continuity and reliability of data transmission are ensured, the system with the redundant channel can better deal with various fault emergencies, and therefore robustness and stability of the whole system are improved. Once the main channel breaks down, the system can be switched to the standby channel, power failure positioning delay caused by data transmission interruption can be effectively avoided, and power supply can be recovered more quickly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power fault monitoring, and in particular to an online monitoring system for power fault locating. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing complexity and demand of power systems, the traditional fault location method is generally to check one by one through inspections, measurements and other means for the location of faults in power systems, which is inefficient and prone to errors. Therefore, with the rapid development of computer technology and the exploration and progress of the power industry, the online monitoring technology of power equipment in many systems has become mature. The application of the power fault location online monitoring system that was born is becoming more and more important in the power system. Fault location and online monitoring systems are playing an increasingly important role in ensuring power supply safety and stability.

[0003] The online monitoring system mainly relies on sensors and data acquisition equipment to obtain the operating data of the power system. In actual applications, data transmission interruptions or data anomalies may occur, resulting in a decrease in data quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide an online monitoring system for locating power faults to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] An online monitoring system for power fault location, comprising a power fault location monitoring server, wherein the power fault location monitoring server is communicatively connected to a sensor module, a data acquisition and transmission module, a data processing and analysis module, and a visualization and alarm module;

[0007] The sensor module is used to collect power system data. The sensor converts real-time data into electrical signals and transmits them to the data collection and transmission module. The role of the sensor module is to provide accurate and reliable data input to support subsequent fault location and analysis;

[0008] The data acquisition and transmission module is used to receive data from the sensor module, configure redundant data transmission channels, and cooperate in data sampling, compression and transmission. The function is to ensure the integrity, real-time and reliable transmission of the data, and transmit the collected data to the subsequent processing module;

[0009] The data processing and analysis module is used to receive the data transmitted by the data acquisition and transmission module, perform real-time analysis and processing, and identify fault characteristics and locate faults by analyzing the data. The module is used to identify and interpret abnormal conditions of the power system and provide accurate fault location results;

[0010] The visualization and alarm module is used to display the fault location results to the operator in a visual form, and generate corresponding alarm information according to the fault type and severity. Its function is to monitor the power system status in real time and provide the operator with fault location results and alarm information in a timely manner so that the operator can take corresponding measures.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the power system data collected by the sensor module includes current, voltage, temperature, and vibration; the data acquisition and transmission module includes a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, and a data transmission unit; the data processing and analysis module includes a feature extraction module, a fault diagnosis module, and a positioning algorithm module; the visualization and alarm module includes a human-machine interface module, an alarm algorithm module, and an alarm notification module.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the process of establishing the redundant data transmission channel is as follows:

[0013] The foundation of redundant data transmission channels is constructed through communication protocol technology, and multiple independent transmission channels are selected according to the goals of redundant data transmission;

[0014] Clarify the system's requirements for data transmission continuity, determine the maximum tolerance for data interruption or loss during transmission, and set corresponding performance indicators and requirements;

[0015] For each transmission channel, configure the corresponding data transmission equipment, use the corresponding data transmission protocol and interface, and establish a communication connection;

[0016] Configure the data transmission redundancy mechanism for each transmission channel. By using data redundancy technology, it is ensured that even if one channel fails, other channels can still continue to transmit data.

[0017] Set up a path selection algorithm to dynamically select the best transmission path, make decisions based on real-time channel status and performance, and ensure the continuity and performance optimization of data transmission;

[0018] Establish a data retransmission mechanism to deal with errors or interruptions in transmission, record the successfully transmitted data packets, set a timeout mechanism, and retransmit lost data packets in the event of errors or interruptions;

[0019] Run tests and monitor the system to ensure the normal operation of redundant data transmission channels, and regularly check the availability and performance of the system, as well as the continuity and accuracy of data transmission.

[0020] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the data transmission continuity requirement includes the maximum duration of network interruption and the maximum proportion of data packet loss, and the performance indicators include the maximum allowable data interruption time, data packet loss rate, average data transmission delay, digital signal jitter and data transmission bandwidth requirements;

[0021] The maximum permissible data interruption time is defined as the longest duration without data transmission, which is expressed as Tmax;

[0022] The packet loss rate refers to the proportion of packet loss that occurs during transmission, which is expressed as L;

[0023] The average delay of data transmission refers to the average time from data sending to receiving, which is expressed as Davg;

[0024] The jitter of digital signals refers to the change and instability of digital signals during transmission, which manifests as jitter;

[0025] The bandwidth of data transmission depends on the amount of data and the transmission rate factor, which defines the bandwidth required for the transmission channel, which is expressed as B.

[0026] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the calculation formulas for the maximum allowable data interruption time, data packet loss rate, average delay of data transmission, jitter of digital signals and bandwidth requirement of data transmission are as follows:

[0027] Tmax = N*(1 / bandwidth)

[0028] Where N is the maximum number of packets allowed, and bandwidth is the bandwidth of the transmission channel;

[0029] L = (number of packets lost / total number of packets sent) * 100%

[0030] The number of lost packets is the number of packets lost during transmission, and the total number of sent packets is the total number of packets sent on the transmission channel;

[0031] Davg = (total data transmission time / total number of packets sent)

[0032] The total data transmission time is the sum of the transmission time of all data packets on the transmission channel, and the total number of data packets sent is the total number of data packets sent on the transmission channel;

[0033] Jitter=∑(|Davg-Di|) / N

[0034] Where Davg is the average delay of data transmission, Di is the transmission delay of each data packet, and N is the total number of data packets transmitted;

[0035] B = (amount of data transferred / transmission time)

[0036] The amount of data transmitted is the total amount of data that needs to be transmitted, and the transmission time is the duration of the data transmission.

[0037] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the implementation process of configuring the data transmission device is:

[0038] Before configuring data transmission equipment, clarify the data transmission requirements of each transmission channel;

[0039] Select appropriate data transmission equipment according to data transmission requirements, including routers, switches, and transmission media equipment;

[0040] For each transmission channel, configure the corresponding data transmission device, including setting the device's IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and basic network configuration;

[0041] Select TCP / IP data transmission protocol and Ethernet interface according to data transmission requirements;

[0042] After configuring the device and selecting the protocol interface, establish the communication connection, set the source address and destination address between the transmission channels, and ensure that the physical connection between the devices is normal.

[0043] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the process of establishing the data transmission redundancy mechanism is as follows:

[0044] Set up multiple physical paths in the network to transmit data to achieve redundant transmission in case of failure. When the main path fails, the backup path will take over the data transmission task;

[0045] Adding redundant information to data packets to achieve redundant data is used to correct and detect errors during transmission to ensure data integrity and reliability;

[0046] Redundant transmission is achieved by sending multiple copies or redundant data streams simultaneously on the transmission channel.

[0047] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the implementation process of dynamically selecting the best transmission path based on the path selection algorithm is as follows:

[0048] Monitor and collect real-time status and performance information of each transmission channel;

[0049] Define path selection indicators based on application requirements and optimization goals to measure the performance of each path;

[0050] Using the collected channel status and performance information, calculate the path selection index for each path;

[0051] According to the calculated path selection index, a path with the best performance is selected as the path for current data transmission;

[0052] Set a regular interval to periodically update the path selection.

[0053] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the establishment process of the data retransmission mechanism is:

[0054] The sender divides the data into packets of appropriate size and assigns a number to each packet. The sender sends the packets to the receiver and records the numbers of the packets that have been successfully sent.

[0055] When the receiver receives a data packet, it sends an acknowledgment (ACK) message to the sender, which contains the number of the successfully received data packet. The sender receives the acknowledgment message and updates the list of successfully transmitted data packets.

[0056] The sender sets a timeout mechanism to take corresponding measures when the receiver fails to send a confirmation message in time. A timeout is set for each data packet sent. If no confirmation message is received within the timeout, the data packet is considered lost.

[0057] The sender detects that a data packet is lost, that is, a timeout occurs, and resends the lost data packet according to the recorded list of successfully transmitted data packets for optimized retransmission. When resending, the sender carries an additional identifier to distinguish the retransmitted data packets.

[0058] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the optimized retransmission of the lost data packet is represented by a retransmission timeout RTO, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0059] RTO (retransmission timeout) = α × RTT + (1-α) × SRTT

[0060] RTT (round trip time) refers to the time from when the sender sends a data packet to when the receiver receives the confirmation message. SRTT (smoothed round trip time) is the value obtained by weighted average of RTT. α is the weight used to smooth SRTT (the value range is [0,1]).

[0061] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical advances compared with the prior art:

[0062] 1. The present invention provides an online monitoring system for locating power faults. The sensor module and the data acquisition and transmission module are responsible for acquiring and transmitting real-time data of the power system. During the data transmission process, redundant data transmission channels are provided to avoid data transmission interruption. Through the synergistic effect of the modules, the stable transmission of power data information is ensured, thereby providing a basis for real-time monitoring, diagnosis and locating power system faults, thereby improving the reliability and operation efficiency of the power system.

[0063] 2. The present invention provides an online monitoring system for locating power faults. Due to the existence of redundant channels, when a main data transmission channel fails, the system can switch to a backup channel to ensure the continuity and reliability of data transmission. A system with redundant channels can better cope with various sudden faults, thereby improving the robustness and stability of the entire system. In addition, once a main channel fails, the system can switch to a backup channel, which can effectively avoid delays in locating power faults due to data transmission interruptions and help to restore power supply faster. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0065] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an online monitoring system for locating power faults according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an online monitoring system for power fault location, including a power fault location monitoring server, the power fault location monitoring server is communicatively connected with a sensor module, a data acquisition and transmission module, a data processing and analysis module, and a visualization and alarm module;

[0068] The sensor module is used to collect power system data. The power system data collected by the sensor module includes current, voltage, temperature, and vibration. The sensor converts real-time data into electrical signals and transmits them to the data acquisition and transmission module. The function of the sensor module is to provide accurate and reliable data input to support subsequent fault location and analysis;

[0069] The data acquisition and transmission module is used to receive data from the sensor module, configure redundant data transmission channels, and cooperate in data sampling, compression and transmission. The data acquisition and transmission module includes a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit and a data transmission unit. Its function is to ensure the integrity, real-time and reliable transmission of the data, and transmit the collected data to the subsequent processing module;

[0070] The data processing and analysis module is used to receive the data transmitted by the data acquisition and transmission module, and perform real-time analysis and processing. By analyzing the data, the fault characteristics are identified and the fault is located. The data processing and analysis module includes a feature extraction module, a fault diagnosis module and a positioning algorithm module. The module is used to identify and explain the abnormal conditions of the power system and provide accurate fault location results;

[0071] The visualization and alarm module is used to display the fault location results to the operator in a visual form, and generate corresponding alarm information according to the fault type and severity. The visualization and alarm module includes a human-machine interface module, an alarm algorithm module and an alarm notification module. Its function is to monitor the power system status in real time and provide the fault location results and alarm information to the operator in a timely manner so that the operator can take corresponding measures.

[0072] Embodiment 2, as Figure 1 As shown, based on Example 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, the process of establishing a redundant data transmission channel is as follows:

[0073] The foundation of redundant data transmission channels is constructed through communication protocol technology, and multiple independent transmission channels are selected according to the goals of redundant data transmission;

[0074] Clarify the system's requirements for data transmission continuity, determine the maximum tolerance for data interruption or loss during transmission, and set corresponding performance indicators and requirements;

[0075] For each transmission channel, configure the corresponding data transmission equipment, use the corresponding data transmission protocol and interface, and establish a communication connection;

[0076] Configure the data transmission redundancy mechanism for each transmission channel. By using data redundancy technology, it is ensured that even if one channel fails, other channels can still continue to transmit data.

[0077] Set up a path selection algorithm to dynamically select the best transmission path, make decisions based on real-time channel status and performance, and ensure the continuity and performance optimization of data transmission;

[0078] Establish a data retransmission mechanism to deal with errors or interruptions in transmission, record the successfully transmitted data packets, set a timeout mechanism, and retransmit lost data packets in the event of errors or interruptions;

[0079] Run test and monitoring systems to ensure the normal operation of redundant data transmission channels, and regularly check the availability and performance of the system, as well as the continuity and accuracy of data transmission;

[0080] Furthermore, the data transmission continuity requirements include the maximum duration of network interruption and the maximum proportion of data packet loss. The performance indicators include the maximum allowable data interruption time, data packet loss rate, average data transmission delay, digital signal jitter and data transmission bandwidth requirements.

[0081] The maximum permissible data interruption time is defined as the longest duration without data transmission, which is expressed as Tmax. The calculation formula of Tmax is: Tmax = N*(1 / bandwidth)

[0082] Where N is the maximum number of packets allowed, and bandwidth is the bandwidth of the transmission channel;

[0083] The packet loss rate refers to the proportion of data packets lost during the transmission process, which is expressed as L. The calculation formula of L is: L = (number of lost data packets / total number of sent data packets) * 100%

[0084] The number of lost packets is the number of packets lost during transmission, and the total number of sent packets is the total number of packets sent on the transmission channel;

[0085] The average data transmission delay refers to the average time from data transmission to data reception, which is expressed as Davg. The calculation formula of Davg is: Davg = (total data transmission time / total number of data packets sent)

[0086] The total data transmission time is the sum of the transmission time of all data packets on the transmission channel, and the total number of data packets sent is the total number of data packets sent on the transmission channel;

[0087] The jitter of a digital signal refers to the change and instability of a digital signal during transmission, which is manifested as Jitter. The calculation formula for Jitter is: Jitter = Σ(|Davg-Di|) / N

[0088] Where Davg is the average delay of data transmission, Di is the transmission delay of each data packet, and N is the total number of data packets transmitted;

[0089] The bandwidth of data transmission depends on the amount of data and the transmission rate factor. The bandwidth required for the transmission channel is expressed as B. The calculation formula of B is: B = (amount of data transmitted / transmission time)

[0090] The amount of data transmitted is the total amount of data that needs to be transmitted, and the transmission time is the duration of the data transmission;

[0091] Furthermore, the implementation process of configuring the data transmission device is as follows:

[0092] Before configuring data transmission equipment, clarify the data transmission requirements of each transmission channel;

[0093] Select appropriate data transmission equipment according to data transmission requirements, including routers, switches, and transmission media equipment;

[0094] For each transmission channel, configure the corresponding data transmission device, including setting the device's IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and basic network configuration;

[0095] Select TCP / IP data transmission protocol and Ethernet interface according to data transmission requirements;

[0096] After configuring the device and selecting the protocol interface, establish the communication connection, set the source address and destination address between the transmission channels, and ensure that the physical connection between the devices is normal.

[0097] Embodiment 3, as Figure 1 As shown, based on Embodiment 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, the process of establishing the data transmission redundancy mechanism is as follows:

[0098] Set up multiple physical paths in the network to transmit data to achieve redundant transmission in case of failure. When the main path fails, the backup path will take over the data transmission task;

[0099] Adding redundant information to data packets to achieve redundant data is used to correct and detect errors during transmission to ensure data integrity and reliability;

[0100] Redundant transmission is achieved by sending multiple copies or redundant data streams simultaneously on the transmission channel;

[0101] Furthermore, based on the path selection algorithm, the implementation process of dynamically selecting the best transmission path is as follows:

[0102] Monitor and collect real-time status and performance information of each transmission channel;

[0103] Define path selection indicators based on application requirements and optimization goals to measure the performance of each path;

[0104] Using the collected channel status and performance information, calculate the path selection index for each path;

[0105] According to the calculated path selection index, a path with the best performance is selected as the path for current data transmission;

[0106] Set a regular interval to periodically update the path selection;

[0107] Furthermore, the process of establishing the data retransmission mechanism is as follows:

[0108] The sender divides the data into packets of appropriate size and assigns a number to each packet. The sender sends the packets to the receiver and records the numbers of the packets that have been successfully sent.

[0109] When the receiver receives a data packet, it sends an acknowledgment (ACK) message to the sender, which contains the number of the successfully received data packet. The sender receives the acknowledgment message and updates the list of successfully transmitted data packets.

[0110] The sender sets a timeout mechanism to take corresponding measures when the receiver fails to send a confirmation message in time. A timeout is set for each data packet sent. If no confirmation message is received within the timeout, the data packet is considered lost.

[0111] The sender detects that a packet is lost, i.e., a timeout occurs, and resends the lost packet based on the recorded list of successfully transmitted packets, performing optimized retransmission. When resending, the sender carries an additional identifier to distinguish the retransmitted packets;

[0112] The optimized retransmission of lost data packets is represented by the retransmission timeout RTO, which is calculated as follows:

[0113] RTO (retransmission timeout) = α × RTT + (1-α) × SRTT

[0114] RTT (round trip time) refers to the time from when the sender sends a data packet to when the receiver receives the confirmation message. SRTT (smoothed round trip time) is the value obtained by weighted average of RTT. α is the weight used to smooth SRTT (the value range is [0,1]).

[0115] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An online monitoring system for power fault location, comprising a power fault location monitoring server, characterized in that: The power fault location monitoring server is communicatively connected to a sensor module, a data acquisition and transmission module, a data processing and analysis module, and a visualization and alarm module; The sensor module is used to collect power system data. The sensor converts real-time data into electrical signals and transmits them to the data collection and transmission module; The data acquisition and transmission module is used to receive data from the sensor module, configure redundant data transmission channels, cooperate in data sampling, compression and transmission, and transmit the collected data to the subsequent processing module; The data processing and analysis module is used to receive the data transmitted by the data acquisition and transmission module, perform real-time analysis and processing, and identify fault characteristics and locate the fault by analyzing the data; The visualization and alarm module is used to display the results of fault location to the operator in a visual form, and generate corresponding alarm information according to the fault type and severity.

2. The online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power system data collected by the sensor module includes current, voltage, temperature, and vibration; the data acquisition and transmission module includes a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, and a data transmission unit; the data processing and analysis module includes a feature extraction module, a fault diagnosis module, and a positioning algorithm module; the visualization and alarm module includes a human-machine interface module, an alarm algorithm module, and an alarm notification module.

3. The online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The process of establishing the redundant data transmission channel is as follows: The foundation of redundant data transmission channels is constructed through communication protocol technology, and multiple independent transmission channels are selected according to the goals of redundant data transmission; Clarify the system's requirements for data transmission continuity, determine the maximum tolerance for data interruption or loss during transmission, and set corresponding performance indicators and requirements; For each transmission channel, configure the corresponding data transmission equipment, use the corresponding data transmission protocol and interface, and establish a communication connection; Configure the data transmission redundancy mechanism for each transmission channel. By using data redundancy technology, it is ensured that even if one channel fails, other channels can still continue to transmit data. Set up a path selection algorithm to dynamically select the best transmission path and make decisions based on real-time channel status and performance; Establish a data retransmission mechanism to deal with errors or interruptions in transmission, record the successfully transmitted data packets, set a timeout mechanism, and retransmit lost data packets in the event of errors or interruptions; Run tests and monitor the system to ensure the normal operation of redundant data transmission channels, and regularly check the availability and performance of the system, as well as the continuity and accuracy of data transmission.

4. The online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The data transmission continuity requirements include the maximum duration of network interruption and the maximum proportion of data packet loss. The performance indicators include the maximum allowable data interruption time, data packet loss rate, average data transmission delay, digital signal jitter and data transmission bandwidth requirements; The maximum permissible data interruption time is defined as the longest duration without data transmission, which is expressed as Tmax; The packet loss rate refers to the proportion of packet loss that occurs during transmission, which is expressed as L; The average delay of data transmission refers to the average time from data sending to receiving, which is expressed as Davg; The jitter of digital signals refers to the changes and instability of digital signals during transmission, which manifests as jitter; The bandwidth of data transmission depends on the amount of data and the transmission rate factor, which defines the bandwidth required for the transmission channel, which is expressed as B.

5. The online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formulas for the maximum permissible data interruption time, data packet loss rate, average data transmission delay, digital signal jitter, and data transmission bandwidth requirement are as follows: Tmax = N*(1 / bandwidth) Where N is the maximum number of packets allowed, and bandwidth is the bandwidth of the transmission channel; L = (number of packets lost / total number of packets sent) * 100% The number of lost packets is the number of packets lost during transmission, and the total number of sent packets is the total number of packets sent on the transmission channel; Davg = (total data transmission time / total number of packets sent) The total data transmission time is the sum of the transmission time of all data packets on the transmission channel, and the total number of data packets sent is the total number of data packets sent on the transmission channel; Jitter=∑(|Davg-Di|) / N Where Davg is the average delay of data transmission, Di is the transmission delay of each data packet, and N is the total number of data packets transmitted; B = (amount of data transferred / transmission time) The amount of data transmitted is the total amount of data that needs to be transmitted, and the transmission time is the duration of the data transmission.

6. The online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 5, characterized in that: The implementation process of configuring the data transmission device is as follows: Before configuring data transmission equipment, clarify the data transmission requirements of each transmission channel; Select appropriate data transmission equipment according to data transmission requirements, including routers, switches, and transmission media equipment; For each transmission channel, configure the corresponding data transmission device, including setting the device's IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and basic network configuration; Select TCP / IP data transmission protocol and Ethernet interface according to data transmission requirements; After configuring the device and selecting the protocol interface, establish the communication connection, set the source address and destination address between the transmission channels, and ensure that the physical connection between the devices is normal.

7. An online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of establishing the data transmission redundancy mechanism is as follows: Set up multiple physical paths in the network to transmit data to achieve redundant transmission in case of failure. When the main path fails, the backup path will take over the data transmission task; Adding redundant information to data packets to achieve redundant data is used to correct and detect errors during transmission; Redundant transmission is achieved by sending multiple copies or redundant data streams simultaneously on the transmission channel.

8. An online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 7, characterized in that: The implementation process of dynamically selecting the best transmission path based on the path selection algorithm is as follows: Monitor and collect real-time status and performance information of each transmission channel; Define path selection indicators based on application requirements and optimization goals to measure the performance of each path; Using the collected channel status and performance information, calculate the path selection index for each path; According to the calculated path selection index, a path with the best performance is selected as the path for current data transmission; Set a regular interval to periodically update the path selection.

9. The online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 8, characterized in that: The establishment process of the data retransmission mechanism is as follows: The sender divides the data into packets of appropriate size and assigns a number to each packet. The sender sends the packets to the receiver and records the numbers of the packets that have been successfully sent. When the receiver receives a data packet, it sends a confirmation message to the sender, which contains the number of the successfully received data packet. The sender receives the confirmation message and updates the list of successfully transmitted data packets. The sender sets a timeout mechanism to take corresponding measures when the receiver fails to send a confirmation message in time. A timeout is set for each data packet sent. If no confirmation message is received within the timeout, the data packet is considered lost. The sender detects that a data packet is lost, that is, a timeout occurs, and resends the lost data packet according to the recorded list of successfully transmitted data packets for optimized retransmission. When resending, the sender carries an additional identifier to distinguish the retransmitted data packets.

10. An online monitoring system for locating power faults according to claim 9, characterized in that: The optimized retransmission of the lost data packet is represented by the retransmission timeout RTO, which is calculated as follows: RTO=α×RTT+(1-α)×SRTT RTT refers to the time from when the sender sends a data packet to when the receiver receives the confirmation message. SRTT is the value obtained by weighted average of RTT. α is the weight used to smooth SRTT, and its value range is [0,1].

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