Electrochromic smart windows for year-round dynamic photothermal management
The design of electrochromic smart windows enables multi-band control of visible light, near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths, solving the problem of dynamic light and heat management, achieving the effect of being warm in winter and cool in summer, and significantly reducing building energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411381967.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-09-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies lack effective and low-cost means to achieve dynamic multi-band smart window photothermal management, especially the optical switching between different seasons, which makes it difficult to optimize building energy consumption.
An electrochromic smart window is designed to achieve large-scale dynamic control of multiple wavelengths in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared bands by combining a transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, and a reflective film. By coupling electrochemical processes with photothermal regulation and combining the reversible changes of the electrochromic layer, independent control of sunlight and the mid-infrared band can be achieved.
It achieves dynamic solar thermal management throughout the year, increasing indoor temperature in winter and decreasing indoor temperature in summer, significantly reducing energy consumption and achieving remarkable energy-saving results.
Smart Images
Figure CN119165706B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy, in particular, to an electrochromic intelligent window for all-year dynamic light and heat management. BACKGROUND
[0002] Building energy consumption accounts for 30% of the total global energy consumption, of which about 40% is directly related to the operation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, which brings environmental, economic, security and other challenges for sustainable future development. Windows, as the main medium for energy exchange between indoor and outdoor environments, play a crucial role in building energy consumption, and the energy consumption caused by them accounts for about 20% of the energy loss of air conditioning systems. Therefore, vigorously developing energy-saving windows is an important way to reduce building energy consumption.
[0003] However, to optimize the energy-saving efficiency of windows, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the influence of solar radiation and thermal radiation emitted by objects on the indoor environment through the windows. In cold seasons, an ideal energy-saving window should have a high solar radiation transmittance to make full use of external solar radiation for indoor heating, while maintaining a low thermal emissivity to prevent the loss of internal heat. In hot seasons, energy-saving windows should have a low solar radiation transmittance to block external solar radiation, while maximizing the thermal emissivity to dissipate internal heat. In addition, optical switching between different states can be triggered by electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical controls. Among them, electrochromic intelligent windows, as an effective active control technology, can change the color and light transmittance of the window by inputting a small voltage, thereby effectively improving the energy efficiency and aesthetics of the interior space of the building. However, for dynamic multi-band intelligent windows, there is still a lack of effective means for large-scale regulation, high efficiency and low cost. SUMMARY
[0004] The present application aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, one object of the present application is to propose an electrochromic intelligent window for all-year dynamic light and heat management, which can effectively realize large-scale dynamic regulation of multi-band with visible light, near-infrared and mid-infrared bands.
[0005] In one aspect of the present application, the present application provides an electrochromic intelligent window for all-year dynamic light and heat management. According to an embodiment of the present application, the novel electrochromic intelligent window for all-year dynamic light and heat management comprises, in sequence in a first direction, a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer, and a reflective film, wherein the emissive electrolyte layer is used for transmitting light in a solar light wave band and emitting light in a mid-infrared wave band; the electrochromic layer has an increased transmittance of light in the solar light wave band when a positive voltage is applied, and has a decreased transmittance of light in the solar light wave band when a negative voltage is applied; and the reflective film is used for transmitting light in the solar light wave band and reflecting light in the mid-infrared wave band. Thus, the intelligent window realizes coupling of an electrochemical process and a light and heat regulation process, and complete decoupling of regulation of the solar light wave band and the mid-infrared wave band. Specifically, the intelligent window can dynamically regulate the mid-infrared emissivity by electrically driving the "presence" and "absence" of the electrolyte, and dynamically regulate the transmittance of the solar wave band by introducing the electrochromic layer. Finally, the intelligent window of the present application can effectively realize multi-band dynamic regulation of visible light, near-infrared light, and mid-infrared light, and help to realize a room that is warm in winter and cool in summer.
[0006] According to an embodiment of the present application, the intelligent window further comprises a glass layer and / or a protective layer, wherein the glass layer is arranged between the reflective film and the second transparent electrode layer, and the protective layer is arranged on a side of the first transparent electrode layer away from the emissive electrolyte layer.
[0007] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first transparent electrode layer has a ring structure.
[0008] According to an embodiment of the present application, the material of the first transparent electrode layer comprises one or more of zinc, silver, copper, gold, tin, iron, aluminum, tungsten, and calcium; and the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer is 0.1 nm to 100 cm.
[0009] According to an embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer comprises one or more of lithium perchlorate, zinc perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium sulfate, zinc tetrafluoromethane borate, sodium chloride, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis-trifluoromethane sulfonimide, lithium bis-fluorosulfonimide, lithium bis-oxalate borate, lithium difluoro-oxalate borate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium fluoride, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium bis-oxalate borate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxynitride, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitride, lithium iodide, lithium phosphorogermanium sulfide, lithium phosphorus tetrasulfide, zinc nitrate, zinc iodide, zinc bromide, zinc fluoride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, zinc oxalate, zinc hydroxide, zinc triflate, zinc oxysulfonate, zinc bis-triflate, zinc oxysulfonate, zinc acetate, zinc hydrogen phosphate, zinc arsenate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, aluminum fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfide, aluminum carbonate, aluminum oxalate, aluminum molybdate, aluminum tungstate, aluminum sulfite, aluminum hydroxide; and the solvent of the emissive electrolyte layer comprises one or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, 1,3-dioxolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, dimethoxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, water.
[0010] According to an embodiment of the present application, the molar concentration of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer is 0.001 M to 100 M.
[0011] According to an embodiment of the present application, the material of the electrochromic layer comprises one or more of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, Prussian blue, vanadium oxide, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, viologen compounds, iron oxide, titanium oxide, tetrathiafulvalene, metal titanium phthalocyanine compounds.
[0012] According to an embodiment of the present application, the voltage applied to the electrochromic layer is -5 V to 5 V, and / or the thickness of the electrochromic layer is 10 nm to 0.1 cm.
[0013] According to an embodiment of the present application, the reflective film comprises one or more of indium tin oxide film, fluorine-doped tin oxide film, zinc aluminum oxide film, silver nanowire film, silver film, gold film, copper film, gold nanoparticle / silica / aluminum, aluminum oxide film, anhydrous xanthine film, aluminum oxide-hafnium oxide film, silicon nitride film.
[0014] According to an embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the reflective film is 10 nm to 0.1 cm, and / or the reflectivity of the reflective film is 70% to 100%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0016] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the smart window in one embodiment of the present application;
[0017] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the smart window in another embodiment of the present application;
[0018] Figure 3 is a top view of the first transparent electrode layer in yet another embodiment of the present application;
[0019] Figure 4 is a spectral performance diagram of the smart window in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The scheme of the present application will be explained below in conjunction with examples. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only for illustration of the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application. In the examples, the specific techniques or conditions not mentioned are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product manual. The reagents or instruments not mentioned are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.
[0021] The present application will be described below with reference to specific examples, and it should be noted that these examples are merely descriptive and do not limit the present application in any way.
[0022] In one aspect of the present application, the present application provides an electrochromic smart window for all-year dynamic light-thermal management. According to the embodiments of the present application, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2The intelligent window comprises a first transparent electrode layer 10, an emissive electrolyte layer 20, an electrochromic layer 30, a second transparent electrode layer 40 and a reflective film 50 arranged in sequence in a first direction, wherein the emissive electrolyte layer 20 is used for transmitting light in a sunlight wave band and emitting light in a mid-infrared wave band; the electrochromic layer 30 has a sunlight wave band light transmittance that is increased when a positive voltage is applied, and has a sunlight wave band light transmittance that is decreased when a negative voltage is applied; and the reflective film 50 is used for transmitting light in the sunlight wave band and reflecting light in the mid-infrared wave band. Thus, the intelligent window realizes coupling of an electrochemical process and a light-heat regulation process, and complete decoupling of sunlight wave band regulation and mid-infrared wave band regulation; the intelligent window can control the presence or absence of the electrolyte by electric driving, thereby realizing dynamic regulation of the mid-infrared emissivity; and the intelligent window realizes dynamic regulation of the sunlight transmittance by introducing the electrochromic layer. Finally, the intelligent window can effectively realize multi-band large-amplitude dynamic regulation of visible light, near-infrared and mid-infrared wave bands, and can realize all-year dynamic change, thereby helping a room using the intelligent window to realize winter-warm and summer-cool. It should be noted that the reflective film is arranged close to the indoor side, i.e., the first direction is a direction extending from the outdoor side to the indoor side.
[0023] According to the embodiments of the present application, the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer can apply a voltage to the emissive electrolyte layer and the electrochromic layer; the emissive electrolyte layer has the characteristic of optical transparency, and in addition, due to the molecular structure, it has high absorption in the mid-infrared wave band (especially in the 8-13 μm atmospheric window wave band). According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, in the case of thermal equilibrium, the absorption is equal to the emission, so the electrolyte can emit light in the mid-infrared wave band while ensuring the light transmittance of the intelligent window, and at the same time, dissipate internal heat, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the indoor temperature; the electrochromic layer can change its optical properties under the action of an external electric field, in the present application, when a positive voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the color of the electrochromic layer becomes lighter, the sunlight wave band light transmittance is increased, thereby increasing the light and heat entering the indoor side, which helps to improve the indoor temperature in winter; when a negative voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the color of the electrochromic layer becomes darker, the sunlight wave band light transmittance is decreased, thereby reducing the influence of light and heat on the indoor temperature, which helps to reduce the indoor temperature in summer, and the change of the electrochromic layer is reversible, and has high cycle stability and long-term stability; the reflective film can transmit light in the sunlight wave band and reflect light in the mid-infrared wave band, thereby ensuring that the heat in the indoor side is not easily lost, and achieving the effect of maintaining the indoor temperature. In summary, the interaction of the above-mentioned layer structures realizes multi-band large-amplitude dynamic regulation of visible light, near-infrared and mid-infrared wave bands, and helps a room using the intelligent window to realize winter-warm and summer-cool.
[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, reference is made toFigure 1 and Figure 2 The smart window further comprises a glass layer 60 and / or a protective layer 70, wherein the glass layer 60 is arranged between the reflective film 50 and the second transparent electrode layer 40, and the protective layer 70 is arranged on the side of the first transparent electrode layer 10 away from the emissive electrolyte layer 20. Thus, by arranging the glass layer, the reflective film can be deposited on the surface of the glass layer in advance, which facilitates the preparation of the reflective film and improves the stability between the layer structures. In addition, when the reflective film is made of conductive material, the second transparent electrode layer and the reflective film can be isolated, thereby ensuring the good working performance of the smart window. The arrangement of the protective layer enables the protective layer to directly face the outdoor environment, so as to protect the first transparent electrode layer and the emissive electrolyte layer from being polluted by the external environment and affecting the service life and working efficiency of the smart window.
[0025] According to the embodiment of the present application, the first transparent electrode layer has a ring structure. Thus, the transparent effect of the first transparent electrode layer can be achieved, and the high transparency of the visible light, near-infrared and mid-infrared wave bands can be ensured. The specific shape of the first transparent electrode layer is not specially required, and the person skilled in the art can flexibly select the shape according to the specific shape of the window. In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The first transparent electrode layer 10 has a mouth-shaped structure, and the size of the mouth-shaped structure can be designed according to the size of the actual window, which is not limited herein. In other embodiments, the first transparent electrode layer can also have a circular, arc, sector or other structure.
[0026] According to the embodiment of the present application, the material of the first transparent electrode layer comprises one or more of zinc, silver, copper, gold, tin, iron, aluminum, tungsten and calcium, and the first transparent electrode layer made of the above-mentioned material has good conductivity. The thickness of the first transparent electrode layer is 0.1 nm to 100 cm.
[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the second transparent electrode layer can be transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide and zinc aluminum oxide, and the thickness is 100 nm to 1 μm.
[0028] According to an embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer comprises one or more of lithium perchlorate, zinc perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium sulfate, zinc tetrafluoromethane borate, sodium chloride, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium bis-fluorosulfonimide, lithium bis-oxalate borate, lithium difluoro-oxalate borate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium fluoride, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium oxalate borate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxynitride, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitride, lithium iodide, lithium phosphorogermanium sulfide, lithium phosphorotetrasulfide, zinc nitrate, zinc iodide, zinc bromide, zinc fluoride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, zinc oxalate, zinc hydroxide, zinc triflate, zinc oxysulfonate, zinc bis-triflate, zinc oxysulfonate, zinc acetate, zinc hydrogen phosphate, zinc arsenate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, aluminum fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfide, aluminum carbonate, aluminum oxalate, aluminum molybdate, aluminum tungstate, aluminum sulfite, aluminum hydroxide. Thus, the above electrolyte has the characteristic of high emissivity in the mid-infrared band, effectively realizing its solar band transmission and high emission in the mid-infrared band, i.e. realizing the "on" and "off" of the electrolyte by electric driving control, and realizing the dynamic regulation of the mid-infrared emissivity.
[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the solvent of the emissive electrolyte layer comprises one or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, 1, 2-dimethoxypropane, 1, 3-dioxolane, N-methyl pyrrolidone, acetonitrile, dimethoxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, water. The above solvent can effectively dissolve the above electrolyte, realizing an emissive electrolyte layer with good performance.
[0030] The preparation method of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer is also relatively simple, which can be prepared by uniformly mixing the electrolyte salt and the solvent.
[0031] According to an embodiment of the present application, the molar concentration of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer is 0.001 M~100 M, such as 0.001 mol / L, 0.01 mol / L, 0.1 mol / L, 1 mol / L, 10 mol / L, 20 mol / L, 30 mol / L, 40 mol / L, 50 mol / L, 60 mol / L, 70 mol / L, 90 mol / L, 100 mol / L, etc. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable electrolyte concentration according to different electrolytes and solvents, so as to obtain the best emissive electrolyte layer.
[0032] According to an embodiment of the present application, the material of the electrochromic layer comprises one or more of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, Prussian blue, vanadium oxide, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, viologen compounds, iron oxide, titanium oxide, tetrathiafulvalene, metal titanium cyanine compounds. The electrochromic layer of the above material can change its color sensitively when a small voltage is applied, so as to change its light transmittance, thereby realizing dynamic regulation of the solar wave transmittance. Moreover, the change of the above electrochromic material is reversible, and has high cycle stability and long-term stability.
[0033] According to an embodiment of the present application, the voltage applied to the electrochromic layer is -5 V~5 V. When a positive voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the color of the electrochromic layer becomes lighter, the light transmittance of the solar wave band increases, thereby increasing the light and heat entering the room, which helps to increase the indoor temperature in winter. When a negative voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the color of the electrochromic layer becomes darker, the light transmittance of the solar wave band decreases, thereby reducing the influence of light and heat on the indoor temperature, which helps to reduce the indoor temperature in summer.
[0034] According to an embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the electrochromic layer is 10 nm~0.1 cm, such as 10 nm, 100 nm, 1000 nm, 5000 nm, 0.01 mm, 0.1 mm, 1 mm (0.1 cm), etc. Thus, the electrochromic layer with the above thickness can better realize dynamic regulation of the solar wave transmittance.
[0035] According to an embodiment of the present application, the preparation process of the electrochromic layer comprises one or more of hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, magnetron sputtering method, atomic layer deposition method, electrochemical deposition method, chemical vapor deposition method, thermal evaporation deposition method, electron beam evaporation method, inkjet printing, thermal evaporation deposition method, sol-gel method, spin coating method, spray coating method, roll-to-roll technology, freeze-drying method, spray pyrolysis method, in-situ photolithography method, nanoparticle deposition system method, and lamination process. The above process is simple and mature, easy to implement, and can be mass-produced, which is beneficial to the overall manufacturing cost of the smart window.
[0036] According to an embodiment of the present application, the reflective film comprises one or more of indium tin oxide film, fluorine-doped tin oxide film, zinc aluminum oxide film, silver nanowire film, silver film, gold film, copper film, gold nanoparticles / silica / aluminum, aluminum oxide film, anhydrous xanthine film, aluminum oxide-hafnium oxide film, and silicon nitride film. Thus, the reflective film of the above material has the characteristics of good transparency in the solar wave band and high reflectivity in the mid-infrared wave band, which can ensure that the heat in the room is not easily lost, thereby maintaining the indoor temperature.
[0037] The reflective film can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure with multiple sub-layers stacked together. Those skilled in the art can choose flexibly according to actual design requirements, and no restrictions are imposed here.
[0038] According to embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the reflective film is 10 nm to 0.1 cm, such as 10 nm, 100 nm, 1000 nm, 5000 nm, 0.01 mm, 0.1 mm, 1 mm (0.1 cm), etc. Therefore, the electrochromic layer of the above thickness has the effect of being more transparent in the solar radiation band and having high reflectivity in the mid-infrared band, thereby better ensuring that indoor heat is not easily lost and maintaining the indoor temperature.
[0039] According to embodiments of the present invention, the reflectivity of the reflective film is 70% to 100%, for example, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, etc. Therefore, the reflective film exhibits excellent mid-infrared band reflectivity.
[0040] According to embodiments of the present invention, the preparation process of the reflective thin film includes one or more of the following: hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, magnetron sputtering method, atomic layer deposition method, electrochemical deposition method, chemical vapor deposition method, thermal evaporation deposition method, electron beam evaporation method, inkjet printing, thermal evaporation deposition method, sol-gel method, spin coating method, spray coating method, roll-to-roll deposition method, freeze drying method, spray pyrolysis method, in-situ photolithography method, nanoparticle deposition system method, and lamination process. The above-mentioned processes are simple, mature, easy to implement, and can be industrially mass-produced, which is beneficial to the overall manufacturing cost of smart windows.
[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the glass layer may be silica glass, and its thickness is not particularly required. Those skilled in the art can make flexible choices according to actual needs.
[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the protective layer can be an organic insulating material, such as a protective layer formed of PE material, which has good light transmittance, can ensure the overall light transmittance of the smart window, and does not react with the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer, thus ensuring the stability of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer.
[0043] According to embodiments of the present invention, compared to ordinary silica tempered glass, the smart window of the present invention can reduce the temperature by at least 5°C in summer (or even 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, etc.) and increase the temperature by at least 5°C in winter (or even 5.6°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, etc.), saving at least 300 MJ / m² of energy annually. -2 It can even save 350 MJm -2 380 MJ m -2 400 MJ m-2 , 450 MJ m -2 , 500 MJ m -2 , 549.50 MJ m -2 , 600 MJ m -2 etc., with a very significant energy-saving effect.
[0044] Example
[0045] Example 1
[0046] The smart window includes a protective layer, a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer, a glass layer, and a reflective film sequentially arranged in a first direction, as Figure 1 shown, where
[0047] The first transparent electrode layer is in a square shape, made of zinc, with a thickness of 1 cm and an inner diameter size of 2 m * 1.5 m;
[0048] The electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer is lithium perchlorate, the solvent is ethylene glycol, and the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 1 M;
[0049] The material of the electrochromic layer is tungsten oxide, with a thickness of 100 μm;
[0050] The second transparent electrode layer is indium tin oxide, with a thickness of 500 nm;
[0051] The reflective film is an indium tin oxide film, with a thickness of 80 μm.
[0052] Install this smart window on a room with an area of 20 m 2 and a height of 2.2 m. The size of the smart window is 2 m * 1.5 m and the smart window is installed facing south. Test the spectral performance diagrams of this smart window in the heating state (simulating winter) and the cooling state (simulating summer) respectively. Specifically, refer to Figure 2 , and through Figure 2 it can be seen that in the heating state, this smart window can achieve a solar light band transmittance of 68.71% to achieve the purpose of indoor heating, and achieve a mid-infrared low emissivity of 0.19 to achieve the purpose of reducing indoor heat radiation; in the cooling state, this smart window can achieve a solar light band transmittance of 25.18% to achieve the purpose of reducing solar heating of the indoor, and can achieve a mid-infrared high emissivity of 0.93 to achieve the purpose of increasing indoor heat radiation for cooling. <tmp
[0053] Moreover, compared with a common silica tempered glass with the same size and a thickness of 1 mm, the smart window in this Example 1 can cool down by 7.09 °C in summer and warm up by 5.6 °C in winter, and can save 549.50 MJ m -2 annually, achieving a significant energy-saving effect.
[0054] Example 2
[0055] The smart window comprises, in the first direction, a protective layer, a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer, a glass layer and a reflective film, as shown in FIG. 2, wherein, Figure 1
[0056] The first transparent electrode layer is in the shape of a mouth, made of aluminum, with a thickness of 1 cm and an inner diameter of 2 m*1.5 m;
[0057] The electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer is aluminum chloride, and the solvent is water, with a molar concentration of 1 M;
[0058] The electrochromic layer is made of vanadium oxide, with a thickness of 100 μm;
[0059] The second transparent electrode layer is made of zinc aluminum oxide, with a thickness of 500 nm;
[0060] The reflective film is an indium aluminum oxide film, with a thickness of 80 μm.
[0061] The smart window is installed on a room with an area of 20 m 2 and a height of 2.2 m, with a size of 2 m*1.5 m and installed facing south. Through spectral analysis and calculation, it can be obtained that, in the heating state, the smart window can achieve a solar band transmittance of 75.56% to achieve the purpose of indoor heating, and a mid-infrared low emissivity of 0.15 to achieve the purpose of reducing indoor heat radiation; in the cooling state, the smart window can achieve a solar band transmittance of 12.27% to achieve the purpose of reducing the heating of the indoor sunlight, and a mid-infrared high emissivity of 0.97 to achieve the purpose of increasing the indoor heat radiation to reduce the temperature.
[0062] Moreover, compared with a common silica tempered glass with the same size and a thickness of 1 mm, the smart window in Example 2 can reduce the temperature by 6.5 ℃ in summer, increase the temperature by 4.8 ℃ in winter, and save energy by 485.72 MJ m -2 per year, achieving a significant energy-saving effect.
[0063] Example 3
[0064] The smart window comprises, in the first direction, a protective layer, a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer, a glass layer and a reflective film, as shown in FIG. 2, wherein, Figure 1
[0065] The first transparent electrode layer is in the shape of a mouth, made of zinc, with a thickness of 1 cm and an inner diameter of 2 m*1.5 m;
[0066] The electrolyte of the transmitting electrolyte layer is zinc hexafluorophosphate, the solvent is ethylene carbonate, and the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 1 M;
[0067] The material of the electrochromic layer is tungsten oxide, and the thickness is 500 nm;
[0068] The second transparent electrode layer is indium tin oxide, and the thickness is 200 nm;
[0069] The reflective film is a fluorine-doped tin oxide film, and the thickness is 200 nm.
[0070] The smart window is installed on a room with an area of 20 m 2 , a height of 2.2 m, and a size of 2 m*1.5 m, and the smart window is installed southward. Through spectrum and calculation, it can be obtained that in the heating state, the smart window can achieve a solar band transmittance of 78.32% to play a role in indoor heating, and a medium infrared low emissivity of 0.16 to play a role in reducing indoor heat radiation; in the refrigeration state, the smart window can achieve a solar band transmittance of 9.87% to play a role in reducing the heating of sunlight on the room, and a medium infrared high emissivity of 0.96 to play a role in increasing the heat radiation of the room for cooling.
[0071] Moreover, compared with the ordinary silica tempered glass with the same size and thickness of 1 mm, the smart window in the embodiment 3 can be cooled by 7.34 ℃ in summer, can be heated by 6.32 ℃ in winter, and can save energy by 580.72 MJ m -2 per year, which achieves a significant energy-saving effect.
[0072] In the description of the specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the specification, the illustrative description of the above terms is not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, the person skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction.
[0073] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. An electrochromic smart window for year-round dynamic photothermal management, characterized in that, The system includes a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer, and a reflective film, sequentially arranged in a first direction. A voltage is applied to the emissive electrolyte layer and the electrochromic layer through the first and second transparent electrode layers. The emissive electrolyte layer is used to transmit light in the solar band and emit light in the mid-infrared band. The electrolyte molecular structure of the emissive electrolyte layer generates vibrational absorption in the mid-infrared band and has a high absorption rate in the mid-infrared band. The electrolyte also has the characteristic of high emissivity in the mid-infrared band. When a positive voltage is applied, the light transmittance of the electrochromic layer in the solar band increases; when a negative voltage is applied, the light transmittance of the electrochromic layer in the solar band decreases. The reflective film is used to transmit light in the solar wavelength band and reflect light in the mid-infrared wavelength band.
2. The smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a glass layer and / or a protective layer, wherein the glass layer is disposed between the reflective film and the second transparent electrode layer, and the protective layer is disposed on the side of the first transparent electrode layer away from the emissive electrolyte layer.
3. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first transparent electrode layer has a ring structure.
4. The smart window according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the first transparent electrode layer includes one or more of zinc, silver, copper, gold, tin, iron, aluminum, tungsten, and calcium; the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer is 0.1 nm to 100 cm.
5. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer includes lithium perchlorate, zinc perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium sulfate, zinc tetrafluoromethaneborate, sodium chloride, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(oxalateborate), lithium difluorooxalateborate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium fluoride, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium oxalateborate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxide, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, and lithium nitride. One or more of the following: lithium iodide, lithium germanium phosphate sulfide, lithium tetrasulfide phosphate, zinc nitrate, zinc iodide, zinc bromide, zinc fluoride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, zinc oxalate, zinc hydroxide, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc oxyfluorosulfonate, zinc bistrifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc oxyfluorosulfonate, zinc acetate, zinc hydrogen phosphate, zinc arsenate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, aluminum fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfide, aluminum carbonate, aluminum oxalate, aluminum molybdate, aluminum tungstate, aluminum sulfite, and aluminum hydroxide; The solvent of the emissive electrolyte layer includes one or more of the following: ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, 1,3-dioxolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, dimethoxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, and water.
6. The smart window according to claim 5, characterized in that, The molar concentration of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer is 0.001 M to 100 M.
7. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electrochromic layer is made of one or more of the following materials: tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, Prussian blue, vanadium oxide, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, iolamine compounds, iron oxide, titanium oxide, tetrathiofulvalene, and titanium cyanide compounds.
8. The smart window according to claim 7, characterized in that, The voltage applied to the electrochromic layer is -5 V to 5 V, and / or the thickness of the electrochromic layer is 10 nm to 0.1 cm.
9. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The reflective film includes one or more of the following: indium tin oxide film, fluorine-doped tin oxide film, zinc aluminum oxide film, silver nanowire film, silver film, gold film, copper film, gold nanoparticle / silicon dioxide / aluminum, aluminum dioxide film, anhydrous xanthine film, aluminum oxide-hafnium oxide film, and silicon nitride film.
10. The smart window according to claim 9, characterized in that, The thickness of the reflective film is 10 nm to 0.1 cm, and / or the reflectivity of the reflective film is 70% to 100%.