A Decision-making Method for the Cultural Landscape Planning of the Yellow River Delta Based on the Identification of Multi-scale Landscape Features

Abstract

This application relates to a method for planning and decision-making of the Yellow River Delta cultural landscape based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition, including: S1) demarcating the planning scope of the Yellow River Delta cultural landscape; S2) determining the evaluation scale of the said planning scope and demarcating the evaluation scope of the evaluation scale; S3) drawing a natural landscape feature map at the regional scale; S4) drawing a cultural landscape feature map at the city administrative region scale; S5) overlaying the administrative division in the cultural landscape feature map to obtain the cultural landscape feature regional map of the Yellow River Estuary National Park; S6) displaying the cultural landscape at the site scale; This application solves the problems that the existing landscape feature evaluation cannot conduct landscape planning from multiple scales and ignores the correlation between different scales. This application avoids subjectivity and unreliable basis, can provide reliable data support for planning and decision-making, and has strong editability, flexibility and scalability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of landscape planning, and particularly to a decision-making method for the cultural landscape planning of the Yellow River Delta based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition. Background Art

[0002] Cultural landscape is a landscape that presents the close relationship between human intervention and natural processes, contains humanistic spirit and historical wisdom, and shows regional characteristics. However, in the context of rapid urbanization, the structure and characteristics of cultural landscapes are disappearing at an accelerating rate. Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) is a tool for understanding and expressing landscape characteristics. Through LCA, a certain area can have a sense of place and be different from adjacent areas, thus providing a new perspective for landscape planning decision-making.

[0003] In the prior art, it is difficult to achieve multi-scale landscape character assessment in landscape character assessment, and the correlation between different scales is often ignored, making the planning scheme lack comprehensiveness and scientificity. Moreover, cultural landscape planning requires a large amount of data support and scientific decision-making, but the existing decision support tools lack comprehensive analysis and utilization of multi-scale landscape characteristics and cannot provide comprehensive and accurate decision support for planners. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method for the cultural landscape planning of the Yellow River Delta based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition, which solves the problems that the existing landscape character assessment cannot carry out landscape planning from multiple scales and ignores the correlation between different scales.

[0005] A decision-making method for the cultural landscape planning of the Yellow River Delta based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition includes the following steps:

[0006] S1) Define the planning scope of the cultural landscape at the Yellow River Estuary;

[0007] S2) Determine the evaluation scale of the planning scope and define the evaluation scope of the evaluation scale;

[0008] The evaluation scales include the regional scale, the municipal scale, and the site scale in descending order of the evaluation scope;

[0009] S3) Draw a regional-scale landscape feature type map at the regional scale;

[0010] Step S3) further includes:

[0011] S31) Identify landscape feature elements in the evaluation scope of the regional scale; the landscape feature elements include landform, soil type, land use type, terrain undulation degree, vegetation type, hydrological grade, and geological age;

[0012] S32) Determine the data source, classify the landscape feature elements, and code them;

[0013] S33) Import the encoded landscape feature elements into ArcGIS, construct a landscape feature element database, and perform overlay analysis to obtain a sketch of landscape features at the regional scale;

[0014] S34) Revise the sketch of landscape features at the regional scale based on field surveys and manual visual interpretation to obtain a map of landscape feature types at the regional scale. Conduct first-level classification and second-level classification according to the landscape feature elements. The map of landscape feature types at the regional scale includes multiple first-level landscape feature regions and multiple second-level landscape feature types;

[0015] S4) Draw a map of cultural landscape features at the municipal scale;

[0016] Step S4) includes:

[0017] S41) Overlay and display the landscape feature types at the regional scale with the municipal scale boundary to obtain the basic natural landscape feature units at the municipal scale;

[0018] S42) Obtain the cultural landscape feature elements within the evaluation range at the municipal scale through field surveys and literature research;

[0019] S43) Further classify the cultural landscape according to the cultural landscape feature elements at the municipal scale. Using the Landsat-8 OLI-TIRS remote sensing image as the data source, apply the methods of visual interpretation and object-oriented classification in ENVI5.3 software to further interpret the land use of cultural landscapes within the research range at the municipal scale to obtain a map of cultural landscapes at the municipal scale;

[0020] S44) Overlay the map of cultural landscapes at the municipal scale on the basic natural landscape feature units at the municipal scale to obtain a map of cultural landscape features;

[0021] S5) Overlay the administrative division on the map of cultural landscape features to obtain a map of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature area, which contains several Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature areas;

[0022] S6) The site scale includes a meso-scale map sheet of 10 km × 10 km and a micro-scale map sheet of 2 km × 2 km; Taking the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature area as the macro-scale map sheet, demarcate several meso-scale map sheets within the macro-scale map sheet, and demarcate several micro-scale map sheets within each meso-scale map sheet; The macro-scale map sheet is used to locate the first-level cultural landscape feature types, the meso-scale map sheet is used to display the composition of the area covered by the first-level cultural landscape types, and the micro-scale map sheet is used to display cultural elements or natural elements.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S2), the scale of the evaluation range at the regional scale is 1:250,000;

[0024] The scale of the evaluation range at the municipal scale is 1:50,000 or 1:25,000;

[0025] The scale of the evaluation range at the site scale is 1:10,000.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S31), the landforms are divided according to elevation and slope, specifically including flat land with gentle slope, flat land with gentle slope, flat land with slope, flat land with steep slope, hilly land with gentle slope, hilly land with gentle slope, hilly land with slope, hilly land with steep slope, low mountain land with gentle slope, low mountain land with gentle slope, low mountain land with slope and low mountain land with steep slope;

[0027] Soil types include: leached soil, semi-leached soil, primary soil, semi-aquic soil, saline-alkali soil, anthropogenic soil, ferralitic soil, rivers, lakes and reservoirs;

[0028] The degree of terrain undulation includes: plain, tableland, hill and small-undulation mountain;

[0029] Land use types include: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural industrial and residential land, unused land and ocean;

[0030] Vegetation types include: coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub and shrub-grassland, meadow, grassland, sparse vegetation, cultivated land and non-vegetation;

[0031] Hydrological grades include: first-level water system, third-level water system, fourth-level water system, fifth-level water system, sixth-level water system, seventh-level water system, eighth-level water system and coastal wetland;

[0032] Geological ages include: Quaternary, Neogene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Ordovician, Paleoproterozoic, Jiaozhou Formation, modern riverbed and floodplain and water body.

[0033] Furthermore, in the regional-scale landscape feature type map of step S34), the first-level landscape feature types include urban industrial landscape, rural settlement landscape, river water area landscape, rural agriculture and forestry landscape and low mountain forest land landscape.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S42), the cultural landscape elements include fishery, raised field, salt field and oil field; the first-level cultural landscape feature types include coastal standardized fishing field area, coastal standardized salt field area, estuary fishing field area, estuary river beach area, estuary coastal oil field relic area, estuary river agricultural area, river fishing field area, river upper agriculture and lower fishery area, river traditional agricultural area, coastal oil field relic area, urban oil field relic area, river oil field relic area, urban traditional upper agriculture and lower fishery raised field area, raised field-paddy field-fish pond area, grass-livestock-garden modern agricultural area.

[0035] Furthermore, the characteristic regions of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape include the coastal wetland fishing-salt field area, the alluvial estuary wetland area, the Yellow River old course plain agricultural area, the oilfield site area, and the urban plain agricultural area; the coastal standardized fishing areas and coastal standardized salt field areas are classified into the coastal wetland fishing-salt field area, the estuary fishing areas, the estuary coastal beach areas, the estuary coastal oilfield site areas, and the estuary riverine agricultural areas are classified into the alluvial estuary wetland area, the riverine fishing areas, the upper agriculture-lower fishing areas along the river, and the traditional agricultural areas along the river are classified into the Yellow River old course plain agricultural area, the coastal oilfield site areas, the urban oilfield site areas, and the riverine oilfield site areas are classified into the oilfield site area, and the urban traditional upper agriculture-lower fishing tableland areas, the tableland-paddy field-fish pond areas, and the grass-livestock-garden modern agricultural areas are classified into the urban plain agricultural area.

[0036] Furthermore, step S4) also includes:

[0037] S44) Using the remote sensing image as the data source, further interpret the cultural landscape characteristic map by means of software visual interpretation and object-oriented classification method, input the interpreted image into ArcGIS, and correct the patches in the image by means of human-computer interactive interpretation.

[0038] Furthermore, the cultural elements in step S6) include buildings, structures, and transportation road networks;

[0039] The natural elements include: vegetation coverage, river channels and wetlands.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0041] 1. The present application can objectively analyze the landscape characteristics. The present application drives the planning decision-making by scientific and objective data, avoids subjectivity and unreliable basis, and reduces the human error in the planning process.

[0042] 2. Based on the objective ArcGIS image recognition and analysis coding algorithm, the present application can accurately identify various characteristics in the cultural landscape, and thus provide reliable data support for the planning decision-making.

[0043] 3. The present application identifies the landscape characteristics from multiple evaluation scales, and visualizes the identified landscape after coding. Multiple evaluation scales contribute to more comprehensive planning decision-making, can integrate multi-source data, provide comprehensive information for decision-makers, and support the comprehensive cultural landscape planning.

[0044] 4. The present application has strong editability. When the relevant data changes, the corresponding drawings can be adjusted, the new data can be re-coded, so as to obtain the landscape characteristic data again, which is convenient for the regular update of the data and can adapt to the changes of the cultural landscape.

[0045] 5. This application is flexible and scalable. It is applicable to the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscapes of different scales, or other cultural landscapes. Starting from the site scale and gradually expanding to the regional scale, this application can facilitate decision-makers to better understand and predict the impacts of cultural landscapes, highlight the important elements in cultural landscapes, and thus formulate more strategic planning schemes. Description of the Drawings

[0046] Figure 1 It is a further interpretation diagram of the cultural landscape feature map of this application;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of cross-scale Mapping of the cultural landscape in the embodiment;

[0048] Figure 3 It is an atlas of cross-scale Mapping analysis of the alluvial estuary wetland area in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation Manner

[0049] Embodiment:

[0050] Taking the Yellow River Estuary National Park as an example, this application provides a planning method for the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape based on multiple evaluation scales. The planning specifically includes the following steps:

[0051] S1) Define the planning scope of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape.

[0052] The Yellow River Estuary National Park is located in the estuary area of the Yellow River Delta, bordering the Bohai Sea in the north and the Laizhou Bay in the east. It involves 3 counties (districts) including Kenli District, Hekou District and Lijin County in Dongying City, Shandong Province, and 10 towns (sub-districts) including Diaokou Township, Xianhe Town, Huanghekou Town, Gudao Town, Yong'an Town, Xinhu Town, Tingluo Town, Chenzhuang Town, Hekou Sub-district and Liuhe Sub-district. The geographical coordinates are 118°13′55.28″ - 119°30′57.00″ east longitude and 37°25′02.67″ - 38°17′53.47″ north latitude.

[0053] S2) Determine the evaluation scale of the said planning scope and define the evaluation scope of the evaluation scale.

[0054] The evaluation scales include, in descending order of evaluation scope, the regional scale, the municipal scale, and the site scale. The regional scale can provide a planning background for the municipal scale. In this application, on a 1:250,000 map, the Yellow River Delta High-Efficiency Ecological Economic Zone is used as the evaluation scope of the regional scale. The Yellow River Delta High-Efficiency Ecological Economic Zone includes a total of 19 counties (cities, districts) in 6 prefecture-level cities, with a total area of 26,500 square kilometers. The delimitation of the evaluation scope of the municipal scale mainly considers resource protection, nature education, and recreation projects. In this embodiment, the evaluation scope of the municipal scale includes the Yellow River Estuary National Park and its surrounding coastal areas. The coastal areas cover the Hekou District, Kenli District, Dongying District, and Guangrao County. The site scale is a map sheet of a specific size selected based on the municipal scale. The site scale mainly shows the structure and function of the cultural landscape and its changes, making the area typical.

[0055] S3) Draw a map of natural landscape features at the regional scale;

[0056] Step S3) also includes:

[0057] S31) Identify natural landscape elements in the evaluation scope of the regional scale; the natural landscape elements include landform, soil type, land use type, terrain undulation degree, vegetation type, hydrological grade, and geological age.

[0058] The landform is divided according to elevation and slope, specifically including flat land with gentle slope, flat land with gentle slope, flat land with slope, flat land with steep slope, hilly land with gentle slope, hilly land with gentle slope, hilly land with slope, hilly land with steep slope, low mountain land with gentle slope, low mountain land with gentle slope, low mountain land with slope, and low mountain land with steep slope.

[0059] Soil types include: leached soil, semi-leached soil, primary soil, semi-aquic soil, saline-alkali soil, anthropogenic soil, ferralitic soil, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.

[0060] The terrain undulation degree includes: plain, tableland, hill, and small undulating mountain.

[0061] Land use types include: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural industrial and residential land, unused land, and ocean.

[0062] Vegetation types include: coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub and shrub grassland, meadow, grassland, sparse vegetation, cultivated land, and non-vegetation.

[0063] Hydrological grades include: first-level water system, third-level water system, fourth-level water system, fifth-level water system, sixth-level water system, seventh-level water system, eighth-level water system, and coastal wetland.

[0064] Geological ages include: Quaternary, Neogene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Ordovician, Paleoproterozoic, Jiaozhou Formation, modern riverbed and floodplain, and water body.

[0065] S32) Encode the identified natural landscape elements.

[0066] S33) Import the encoded natural landscape elements into ArcGIS for overlay analysis to obtain a sketch of the landscape features at the regional scale. The sketch of the landscape features at the regional scale already has the features of the secondary landscape feature types but has not been revised yet.

[0067] S34) Revise the sketch of the landscape features at the regional scale based on field surveys and manual visual interpretation to obtain a map of the landscape feature types at the regional scale, and conduct primary classification and secondary classification according to the landscape feature elements. The map of the landscape feature types at the regional scale includes multiple primary landscape feature areas and multiple secondary landscape feature types;

[0068] During the field survey, divide the area to be surveyed into several 5 km × 5 km grid cells at the regional scale, and then overlay them with the sketch of the landscape features at the regional scale so that each grid cell has 1 - 2 survey points. Increase or remove survey points according to the size of the area or the significance of the landscape. In this embodiment, 176 survey points are finally determined.

[0069] During the manual visual interpretation, select the direct impact of the study area on the Shandong Provincial Geographic Information Public Service Platform in 2023 for interpretation, and then revise the landscape feature sketch with the assistance of remote sensing images.

[0070] Select natural landscape elements and conduct overlay. After overlay, secondary landscape feature types are formed, and the areas covered by the secondary landscape feature types are displayed in the map of the landscape features at the regional scale;

[0071] In this embodiment, select topography, soil type, and land use type for overlay, and extend the land use type to derive secondary land use types. Taking the code AaSh46 as an example: A represents elevation, a represents slope, Sh represents soil type, 4 represents the primary land use type, and 6 represents the secondary land use type. A total of 44 different indicators are formed in this embodiment, as shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1 Area and proportion of landscape feature types at the regional scale

[0073]

[0074] After encoding, import it into the ArcGIS software, and use the projection raster tool to unify the spatial resolution so that the pixel size is unified to 30 m × 30 m for overlay analysis.

[0075] Classify the secondary landscape feature types to obtain several primary landscape feature types; display the areas covered by the primary landscape feature types in the regional-scale landscape feature map to obtain the natural landscape feature map.

[0076] As shown in Table 1, the primary landscape feature types include urban industrial landscapes, rural settlement landscapes, river water area landscapes, rural agriculture and forestry landscapes, and low mountain forest landscapes. Table 1 also shows the area proportion of each landscape.

[0077] S4) Draw a cultural landscape feature map at the city-level scale;

[0078] Step S4) includes:

[0079] S41) Overlay and display the secondary landscape feature types within the evaluation range at the city-level scale to obtain the city-level scale landscape feature map.

[0080] The evaluation range at the regional scale is larger than that at the city-level scale. Therefore, the secondary landscape feature types can be overlaid within the evaluation range at the urban scale, which can ensure the continuity and integrity between the regional scale with natural landscape elements as the evaluation object and the city-level scale with cultural landscape elements as the evaluation object.

[0081] S42) Obtain the industrial structure within the evaluation range at the city-level scale through field surveys, and determine the cultural landscape elements based on the industrial structure.

[0082] From the analysis of the natural landscape elements of the Yellow River Delta High-Efficiency Ecological Economic Zone and field surveys, it can be seen that the Yellow River Estuary National Park is located in the Yellow River alluvial plain, with relatively flat topography; the soil types are mainly semi-aquatic soils and saline-alkali soils composed of salinized fluvo-aquic soil and alkalized fluvo-aquic soil; the vegetation cover is mainly artificial vegetation dominated by dry cropland and irrigated cropland; the land use types are mainly water areas, and mostly coastal wetlands; the industrial structure consists of oil exploitation, mariculture, agricultural planting, and salt production, etc. Therefore, the cultural landscape feature elements selected are fisheries, raised fields, salt fields, and oil fields.

[0083] The primary cultural landscape feature types include coastal standardized fishing field areas, coastal standardized salt field areas, estuary fishing field areas, estuary coastal beach areas, estuary coastal oil field sites, estuary riverine agricultural areas, riverine fishing field areas, riverine upper agriculture and lower fishing areas, riverine traditional agricultural areas, coastal oil field sites, urban oil field sites, riverine oil field sites, urban traditional upper agriculture and lower fishing raised field areas, raised field-paddy field-fish pond areas, grass-livestock-garden modern agricultural areas.

[0084] S43) Further classify the cultural landscape according to the characteristic elements of the cultural landscape at the city scale. Taking the Landsat-8 OLI-TIRS remote sensing image as the data source, use the methods of visual interpretation and object-oriented classification in ENVI 5.3 software to further interpret the land for cultural landscape within the research scope at the city scale, and obtain the cultural landscape distribution map at the city scale.

[0085] S44) Overlay the cultural landscape distribution map at the city scale on the natural landscape characteristic units at the city scale to obtain the cultural landscape characteristic map;

[0086] After obtaining the cultural landscape characteristic map, step S44) can also be carried out. Taking the remote sensing image as the data source, use the methods of visual interpretation and object-oriented classification of the software to further interpret the cultural landscape characteristic map, input the completed interpreted image into ArcGIS, and use the method of human-computer interactive interpretation to correct the patches in the image.

[0087] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the purpose of step S44) is to further divide the characteristic elements of the cultural landscape. Specifically, taking the Landsat-8 OLI-TIRS remote sensing image as the data source, use ENVI 5.3 to preprocess the remote sensing image, including steps such as atmospheric correction, radiometric correction, and geometric correction, to eliminate the influence of factors such as weather on the classification results, and synthesize the remote sensing image of the three bands of 432, 543, and 764. Establish an interpretation key based on the Landsat-8 OLI-TIRS remote sensing image data, medium-resolution image, and field survey; then manually select classification samples, evaluate the sample quality, and classify the image landscape; finally, import the processed data into ArcGIS software, and use the method of human-computer interactive interpretation to further correct the interpreted patches to make the classification results more accurate, establish a complete topological relationship, and finally obtain the cultural landscape characteristic regional map of the Yellow River Estuary National Park at the city scale. The bands are obtained according to the synthesis characteristics of different bands.

[0088] S5) Overlay the administrative division on the cultural landscape characteristic map to obtain the cultural landscape characteristic regional map of the Yellow River Estuary. The cultural landscape characteristic regional map of the Yellow River Estuary contains several cultural landscape characteristic regions of the Yellow River Estuary.

[0089] The characteristic regions of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape include the coastal wetland fishing-salt field area, the alluvial estuary wetland area, the Yellow River old course plain agricultural area, the oilfield site area, and the urban plain agricultural area; the coastal standardized fishing areas and coastal standardized salt field areas are classified into the coastal wetland fishing-salt field area, the estuary fishing areas, the estuary coastal beach areas, the estuary coastal oilfield site areas, and the estuary coastal agricultural areas are classified into the alluvial estuary wetland area, the river fishing areas, the upper agriculture and lower fishing areas along the river, and the traditional agricultural areas along the river are classified into the Yellow River old course plain agricultural area, the coastal oilfield site areas, the urban oilfield site areas, and the oilfield site areas along the river are classified into the oilfield site area, and the urban traditional upper agriculture and lower fishing tableland areas, the tableland-paddy field-fish pond areas, and the grass-livestock-garden modern agricultural areas are classified into the urban plain agricultural area.

[0090] S6) The site scales include a meso-scale map sheet of 10 km × 10 km and a micro-scale map sheet of 2 km × 2 km. Taking the characteristic regions of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape as the macro-scale map sheet, several meso-scale map sheets are delimited in the macro-scale map sheet, and several micro-scale map sheets are delimited in each meso-scale map sheet; the macro-scale map sheet is used to locate the first-level cultural landscape characteristic types, the meso-scale map sheet is used to display the composition of the area covered by the first-level cultural landscape types, and the micro-scale map sheet is used to display cultural elements or natural elements.

[0091] Among the five characteristic regions of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape, the macro-scale geographical pattern can be located through the macro-scale map sheet, the landscape structure can be displayed through the meso-scale map sheet, cultural elements or natural elements can be displayed through the micro-scale map sheet, and map sheets at two site scales of 10 km × 10 km and 2 km × 2 km can be obtained through the change of scales to display the continuous relationship of changes between scales. The cross-scale Mapping process of the Yellow River Estuary National Park cultural landscape is as Figure 2 shown.

[0092] In the geographical pattern, different types of cultural landscapes within the planned area can be located through the natural landscape elements of the Yellow River Estuary National Park. The five regions of the coastal wetland fishing-salt field area, the alluvial estuary wetland area, the Yellow River old course plain agricultural area, the oilfield site, and the urban plain agricultural area in the macro-scale map sheet restrict the distribution of cultural landscape characteristics at smaller scales.

[0093] In the meso-scale map sheet, a typical cultural landscape area is selected for display with a map sheet of 10 km × 10 km, and the landscape structure composed of elements such as natural landscapes, cultural landscapes, and settlements can be deconstructed.

[0094] In the micro-scale map sheet, an area with significant cultural landscapes is selected with a map sheet of 2 km × 2 m, the nodes are enlarged, and elements such as buildings (structures), cultural landscapes, vegetation cover, river channels and wetlands, and transportation road networks are selected. The morphological characteristics of the cultural landscape can be further displayed, which can be used to interpret the connection between individual cultural landscape elements and other elements and guide the subsequent planning.

[0095] Attached Figure 3 A cross-scale mapping atlas of alluvial estuarine wetland areas is shown. In the atlas, for the cross-scale mapping atlas of coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, this area has two cultural landscape characteristic types: coastal standardized fishery area and coastal standardized salt pan area. The water network system in the region is rich, and there are large tracts of fishery and salt pans distributed between the water networks, which are distributed in an alternating chessboard pattern and concentrated in coastal areas. It has the characteristics of scale and intensiveness, and is manifested as a mixed, regular geometric structure of fishery and salt. The landscape structural relationship among water bodies, fishery fields and salt pans is relatively stable, among which the salt pan landscape is relatively regular, with a regular modular distribution spatial pattern.

[0096] In this embodiment, the scale of the assessment scope at the regional scale is 1:250000; the scale of the assessment scope at the municipal scale is 1:25000; and the scale of the assessment scope at the site scale is 1:10000.

[0097] The above is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A decision-making method for the Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1) Delineate the planning scope of the Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape; S2) determining the assessment scale of the planning scope and defining the assessment scope of the assessment scale; The assessment scales include regional scale, city scale and site scale in descending order of assessment scope; S3) Mapping regional scale landscape characteristics and types at the regional scale; Step S3) also includes: S31) Identifying landscape characteristics within the regional scale assessment scope; the landscape characteristics include topography, soil type, land use type, terrain relief, vegetation type, hydrological level, and geological age; S32) Determine the data source, classify the landscape characteristics, and encode them; S33) Importing the encoded landscape characteristic elements into ArcGIS, constructing a landscape characteristic element database, and performing overlay analysis to obtain a regional scale landscape characteristic sketch; S34) revising the regional scale landscape feature sketch based on field investigation and manual visual interpretation to obtain a regional scale landscape feature type map, and performing primary classification and secondary classification according to landscape feature elements, wherein the regional scale landscape feature type map includes a plurality of primary landscape feature areas and a plurality of secondary landscape feature types; S4) Mapping cultural landscape characteristics at the city level; Step S4) includes: S41) Overlay and display the regional scale landscape feature types and the city scale boundaries to obtain the basic natural landscape feature units at the city scale; S42) Obtain the characteristic elements of cultural landscape within the assessment scope of the city through field investigation and literature research; S43) Based on the characteristic elements of the cultural landscape at the city scale, the cultural landscape was further classified. Using the Landsat-8OLI-TIRS remote sensing image as the data source, the visual interpretation and object-oriented classification methods in the ENVI5.3 software were used to further interpret the cultural landscape land use within the city scale research scope, and a city scale cultural landscape distribution map was obtained; S44) superimposing the city-scale cultural landscape distribution map on the natural landscape characteristic units based on the city-scale to obtain a cultural landscape characteristic map; S5) superimposing administrative divisions on the cultural landscape feature map to obtain a Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature area map, wherein the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature area map includes a plurality of Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature areas; S6) The site scale includes a meso-map sheet of 10km×10km and a micro-map sheet of 2km×2km; the characteristic area of ​​the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape is taken as the macro-map sheet, a number of meso-map sheets are delineated in the macro-map sheet, and a number of micro-map sheets are delineated in each meso-map sheet; the macro-map sheet is used to locate the characteristic type of the first-level cultural landscape, the meso-map sheet is used to display the composition of the area covered by the first-level cultural landscape type, and the micro-map sheet is used to display cultural elements or natural elements.

2. The Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning decision-making method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2), the scale of the regional scale assessment range is 1:250000; The scale of the assessment scope at the municipal level is 1:50,000 or 1:25,000; The scale of the site-scale assessment range is 1:10,000.

3. The Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning decision-making method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S31), the terrain is divided according to elevation and slope, specifically including flat slope, flat gentle slope, flat slope, flat steep slope, hilly flat slope, hilly gentle slope, hilly slope, hilly steep slope, low mountain flat slope, low mountain gentle slope, low mountain slope and low mountain steep slope; Soil types include: eluvial soils, semi-eluvial soils, primitropic soils, semi-hydroplastic soils, saline-alkali soils, anthropogenic soils, ferro-alumina soils, rivers, lakes and reservoirs; The degree of terrain relief includes: plains, terraces, hills and small undulating mountains; Land use types include: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural industrial and mining residential land, unused land and ocean; Vegetation types include: coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub and shrub-grass, meadow, grassland, sparse vegetation, cultivated land, and non-vegetated land; The hydrological levels include: first-level water system, third-level water system, fourth-level water system, fifth-level water system, sixth-level water system, seventh-level water system, eighth-level water system and coastal wetlands; The ages of the sites include: Quaternary, Neogene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Ordovician, Paleoproterozoic, Jiaozhou Formation, modern riverbeds, floodplains and water bodies.

4. The Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning decision-making method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the regional scale landscape feature type map in step S34), the first-level landscape feature types include urban industrial landscape, rural settlement landscape, river water landscape, pastoral agricultural and forestry landscape, and low mountain forest landscape.

5. The Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning decision-making method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S42), the cultural landscape elements include fisheries, terraced fields, salt fields and oil fields; the first-level cultural landscape feature types include coastal standardized fishery fields, coastal standardized salt field areas, estuary fishery fields, estuary riverside tidal flats, estuary coastal oil field ruins, estuary riverside agricultural areas, riverside fishery fields, riverside farming and fishing areas, riverside traditional agricultural areas, coastal oil field ruins areas, urban oil field ruins areas, riverside oil field ruins areas, urban traditional farming and fishing terraced fields areas, terraced fields-rice fields-fish pond areas, and grass-pasture-garden modern agricultural areas.

6. The Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning decision-making method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The characteristic areas of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape include coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, estuary wetland areas, Yellow River old course plain agricultural areas, oilfield ruins areas, and urban plain agricultural areas; the coastal standardized fishery areas and coastal standardized salt pan areas are classified as coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, the estuary fishery areas, estuary riverside tidal flat areas, estuary coastal oilfield ruins areas, and estuary riverside agricultural areas are classified as estuary wetland areas, the riverside fishery areas, riverside farming and fishing areas, and riverside traditional agricultural areas are classified as Yellow River old course plain agricultural areas, the coastal oilfield ruins areas, urban oilfield ruins areas, and riverside oilfield ruins areas are classified as oilfield ruins areas, and the traditional urban farming and fishing terraced fields areas, terraced fields-rice fields-fish pond areas, and grass-pasture-garden modern agricultural areas are classified as urban plain agricultural areas.

7. The Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning decision-making method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S4) also includes: S44) Using remote sensing images as data sources, the cultural landscape feature map is further interpreted using software visual interpretation and object-oriented classification methods. The interpreted images are input into ArcGIS, and the image spots are corrected using human-computer interactive interpretation.

8. The Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning decision-making method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cultural elements in step S6) include buildings, structures, and transportation networks; Natural elements include: vegetation cover and river wetlands.

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